DOCSLIB.ORG

The Westerly Drifting of Nomades, from the Fifth to the Nineteenth Century

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Westerly Drifting of Nomades, from the Fifth to the Nineteenth Century The Westerly Drifting of Nomades, from the Fifth to the Nineteenth Century. Part XII. The Huns. Author(s): H. H. Howorth Source: The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 3 (1874), pp. 452-475 Published by: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2840917 . Accessed: 16/06/2014 14:08 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 188.72.127.119 on Mon, 16 Jun 2014 14:08:20 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 452 H. H. HOWORTH.-Westerly Drifting of Nomades. servicein obtaininga translationof these annals whichwould throw great light on the early historyof the niorades. So far as he wN-as aware, the earliestwestern evidence was in the fewwords of Scythian, given by Herodotus,and whichhe consideredto be Manchoo. The WESTERLYDRIFTING of NOMADES,from the FIFTH to the NINETEENTHCENTURY. By H. IH. HowoRTH.-Part XII. The HUNS. I HAVEnow reachedthe terminationof my journey. By your forbearance,I have been permittedto tracethe gradualprogress of the successivewaves ofnomladic invaders which have pressed upon easternEurope since the fifthcentury; and have, I hope, thrownsome light onl a veryconfused subject, which is dryenough to repel most inquirers,and yet importantenough to stand at the verythreshold of all sound ethnologicalreasoning. It is a weakness with me, to believe that we can only approachthe greatproblem of the originsof man by tracinghis historyback fromthe presentto the earlierpast; and the naturalgateway to this long lane is, I believe,to be foundin the revolution5of the Asiaticnomades, who have been thelatest, as theyare thetypical, examplesof one race displacinganother. Withthis view, I have triedto traceback the Mongols,the Turks,and the pre-Turkish races to theirancient homes, and to unravelsome of the crooked details of their affinities.Much remainsto be done, for the subject is both very complicatedand very large; but for the present,I have done with it in reachingthe Huns. They form the first,as the Mongolsdo the last, of a serieswhich has much in common,and wlhosestory may be wroughtinto a continuous whole. I hope to take up the subject again at a futuretime, to correctmany mistakeswhich are almost inevitablein such inquiries,and to carryback the storyto the days of Herodotus; but in the meanwhile,I wish to workout the race revolutions amongthe Slaves, which have beenmuch mistaken, and are closely connectedwith those of the nomades; and this subjectwill be treatedof, with your permission, in the nextseries of papers. The Huns have been the subjectsof a greatdeal ofcontroversy. Empiricalanswers, of very differentkinds, have been givento the riddle of their race affinities;some connectingthem with the Mongols,others with the Turks,others again, and the most influential,with the Ugrians; but a vast deal of matterstill remainsto be broughttogether about them,whose partialcol- lection may, I hope, put the question of their affinitieson a saferbasis. I have morethan once observedthat the cul-de-sacformed by This content downloaded from 188.72.127.119 on Mon, 16 Jun 2014 14:08:20 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions H. H. HowoRtTH.- WesterlyDrifting of Nomades. 453 the Caucasus, the Caspian, and the Euxine, is a by-wash in which a greatmany of the nomadicinvaders of easternEurope have dropped some of their numibers;and we may hopefully approachthat region in searchof relicsof tribesand races known elsewheremerely as historicnames; and 1 believe this to be especiallythe case with the Huns. With thisobject I now pro- pose to examine the pedigree of the Lesghiantribes. Trustiing formy factschiefly to Guldenstadt(Beschreibungr der Kaukasis- chen Lander) and to Klaproth. The firstthing that strikes one, in lookingover the namesof these tribes is, that one ofthem, and that the most important,is actually still called Avar; on proceedingfurther, we findthat the Circassiansgive the Lesghian tribes the general name Hhannoatche(i.e. Huns), while the Georgianscall those who are otherwiseknown as Avar,by the name Chundsach(i.e., Huns, or Chunni). One of the Chiefsof the Lesghian princes is entitled "Awar Khani; in Russian, "AvarskoiKhan." The same individualis called "Chundsakhis Batoui" by the Georgians. Again,the chiefvillage of the "Avar" tribe is called "Chundsach"; in Turkish,"Avar," vide Gulden- stadt, op. cit. I have already observedthat primaftfcie it is probablethat we should meetwith someremains of tlhe"RHuns" in the great by-washof the migratingflood of tribesthat have passed over the Russian Steppe. It is not strange,therefore, that we shouldthere, and there only,meet with tribes who still bear the name of "Avar" and "Hun," and who,therefore, have a prima facie right to be consideredas the descendantsof the ancientHuns. Klaproth,whom it is too muchthe fashionnow- a-days to abuse, and who,in spite of somemistakes, perhaps, did morethan all otherinquirers put together,to clear up the his- toricalethnography of Asia, firstmade a detailedexaminiation of the traces of the " Huns " in the Caucasus. It had lolngbeen knlownthat among the "Lesghialns,"there was a redoubtable tribe called the "Avars," whose chief was called "Avarkhan," and whose countrywas named " Chundsag." These naimes were startlingenough to have attention called to theem,as offeringsome evidence on the probleinof Hunnic ethnologry; buitit was reservedfor Klaproth to give themtheir due weight. The most brilliantand effectiveproof adduced by him was the followinglist ofnames, in whichthe namesof the variousHunn-ic leaders are put side by side withthose of nanmesin commonuse now amongthe Lesghians. Attila Adilla, a very commoinman's namiie, Ould Ouldin Ouldin,an "Avar" family. Boudak Boudakh Sultan. Ellak Ellak. I)iliigit.sikv 1)im,ngsiltsika faial1 ie., This content downloaded from 188.72.127.119 on Mon, 16 Jun 2014 14:08:20 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 454 H. H. HOWORTH.- WesterlyDrifting of Nomades. Eskanm,daugc,hter ofAttila Eska, a woman's nanme. Balamir Balamir. Almius ArmLius Leel Leel. Tsolta Solta. Geysa Gaissa. Zarolta Zarolta. To thosewho are accustomedto ethnographicinquiries, this list of names is of itselfalmost conclusive; but it may be strelngth- ened considerablyby the examinationof the few Hunnic words that have reached us. "In the Lesghi-Avar tonigue,"says Klaproth," a riveris called 'or, hor,ouor."' Jornandes(chap- ter 52) says " Pars Hunnorumnin fugamversa eas partesScytlhiae petiit quas Danubii amnlisfluenta praetermeant quxe lingua sua Ilunnivar appellant." I have always thoughtthat this last sentence ought to be read thus: "que lingua sua Hunni Var appellant"; and my conjectureis amplyconfirmed by a MS. in the French Royal library,number 5873. It is of the 13th century,and on folio31, we read tlhus: " q' lingua sua huni uar appellant." Thus we findthe " Huns " givingthe name of Uar or Var, to the river Dallube: the riverpar excellence;while Var, or Or,is the veryname for river among the LesghianAvares. (See Klaproth, Tableaux Historiquesdel Asie, 245-6.) Among the Avares, " Til" meant black; "dir," which is only another formof the same word,has the same mieaningamong the Avarean Lesghi tribes of Antsukh and Tchar. "Vokolabras," meanit "chiefpriest," amono the old Avares. " Vokhula,"miieans "cllief" among, the Lesohs of Antsukh. Amongthe nainesof Avar chiefs that have come downto us, those of Baian, Samur,Solakh, and Kokh are still in use amongthe Lesghi and Mitsdgeghi.(Klap- roth,op. cit.,268.) Amongthe ancientBulgarians, the princes werestyled " Boilad," whichanswers exactly to the Avar-Lesghi ternmfor princes, which is, be-led. (Klaproth,op. cit.,261.) These proofsare colnclusive,and suggest furtherquLestions. In a paper of this series, on the "Alans," I have triedto show that their decendantsare to be traced in the Ingushes -and Mitsgeglli,whose language has some affinitieswith the Avarian and other tongues of Lesghistan; but that the latt6r has an additional foreigniielement. If Klaproth's contentionbe right, and also ouLrown argument about the Ingushes,it wouldmake the A lans and Huns moreor less related,whiclh, frolm- what we know of themin ancientauthors, is by no means improbable. Let uis continue. The Lesghian tribes proper,have been divided ac- cordingto their languages,by Guldenstadtand Klaproth,into fourwvell marked divisions: first,the Avar, including the dialects of Ayuzutg,Dslhar, alid Chunsagg,whlich are inlreality idtentical This content downloaded from 188.72.127.119 on Mon, 16 Jun 2014 14:08:20 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions H. H. HOWORTIL.- WesterlyDrifting of Nomades. 455 second,the Andi; third,the Dido; fourth,the Kazikumuk; and fifth,the Akush and Kubetchi. The two last divisionsI slhould be disposed to class totether. They differconsiderably froml Avar,and have a muchcloser affinity with the Ingushes. I slhall say moreabout thempresently. The Dido dialect is, I believe, chieflymarked, as we shouldexpect from its position,by a large mixtureof- Georgian words. We have left the Avar and thle Andi; Andi, I make to be a corruptionof Hun; and I believe the Avars and Andi of the Caucasus representvery fairly the differencethere was betweenthe Huns and Avares of the old time. Genericallyclassed as one by the ancients,as wveclass the Andi and Avares now under the genericterm of Lesghs; but specificallyshowing, considerable niarks of difference.These nmarksof differenceare of much interestand importance.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Istoria Rom Anilor
    N. IORGA uan ISTORIA ROM ANILOR VOL. II OAMENII PAMANTULUI (PANA LA ANUL 1000) + BUCUR E T1 1936 CARTEA I-iu AMINTIREA IMPERIULLII CAPITOLUL I. Barb arii §i Imperiul In Apus, numai prin ultimul sfert al secolului al III-lea conditiile contactului cu barbarii au fost deosebit de sAlba- tece. In sfdram'a'trurile de marmuri linse de fldcdri, In obiectele mdrunte fdcute bucdti, In grAmezile de monede ascunse Jul- lian vedea grozdvia 1°1.1. O oarecare ruralisare pare a se pronunta si In Galia In- sdsi2. Se lucreazd pamantul ca la camp Induntrul zidurilor In secolul al IV-lea s. Un fenomen asAmAngtor se petrece Lot alunci In Belgia, uncle in cala Francilor germani se Ingrd- mddesc ruinele 4. Tabloul pe care ni-1 presintd istoricul modern al Galiei al unei provincii fundamental ruinate In care s'au fdcut in grabd sfortgoidesperate pentru a se Inldri mdcar cateva celdti capabile de a resista s. E aceiasi operd care se face tot atunci pe malul drept dundrean, care n'a fost pArdsit, al Scitiei Minore, la Ulmelum si la odatd strillucitoarea cetate a Is trienilor. Jullian observd ialtceva: Imperiul trece, de pe urma greseldor sale, prinfro lngrozitoare crisci care märzancei ora- .ele. Le vedem pustiindu-se, fdrä nicio amenintare strdind, In Nordul Italiei si pe Adriaticd 6 1 Jullian, Ilistoire de la Ganle, IV, p. 601. 2 Ibid., pp. 603-4. 3 Libanius,Orationes, XVIII. p.35. Semnalat de Jullian,o.c., VII, p. 26, nota 6. 4 Sclmermans, In Buitetin des commissions royales d'art et d'archéo- logie, XXIV (1890), p.189 si urm.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Sea-Caspian Steppe: Natural Conditions 20 1.1 the Great Steppe
    The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 General Editors Florin Curta and Dušan Zupka volume 74 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ecee The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe By Aleksander Paroń Translated by Thomas Anessi LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Publication of the presented monograph has been subsidized by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the National Programme for the Development of Humanities, Modul Universalia 2.1. Research grant no. 0046/NPRH/H21/84/2017. National Programme for the Development of Humanities Cover illustration: Pechenegs slaughter prince Sviatoslav Igorevich and his “Scythians”. The Madrid manuscript of the Synopsis of Histories by John Skylitzes. Miniature 445, 175r, top. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Proofreading by Philip E. Steele The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://catalog.loc.gov/2021015848 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan
    The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan George Fiske Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 © 2012 George Fiske All rights reserved ABSTRACT The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan George Fiske This study examines the socioeconomics of state formation in medieval Afghanistan in historical and historiographic terms. It outlines the thousand year history of Ghaznavid historiography by treating primary and secondary sources as a continuum of perspectives, demonstrating the persistent problems of dynastic and political thinking across periods and cultures. It conceptualizes the geography of Ghaznavid origins by framing their rise within specific landscapes and histories of state formation, favoring time over space as much as possible and reintegrating their experience with the general histories of Iran, Central Asia, and India. Once the grand narrative is illustrated, the scope narrows to the dual process of monetization and urbanization in Samanid territory in order to approach Ghaznavid obstacles to state formation. The socioeconomic narrative then shifts to political and military specifics to demythologize the rise of the Ghaznavids in terms of the framing contexts described in the previous chapters. Finally, the study specifies the exact combination of culture and history which the Ghaznavids exemplified to show their particular and universal character and suggest future paths for research. The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan I. General Introduction II. Perspectives on the Ghaznavid Age History of the literature Entrance into western European discourse Reevaluations of the last century Historiographic rethinking Synopsis III.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar of Roman Events
    Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th.
    [Show full text]
  • The Huns Between Central Asia, the Near East, and Europe: The
    Wissenschaftliche Abteilung der Zentrale Wiegandhaus December 2 Podbielskiallee 69-71 14195 Berlin 9:00-10:30 Xiongnu, Xwn, and Huns Chair: Richard Payne (Oriental Institute Chicago) The Huns between Central Asia, the Near East, and Europe: 9:00 Jan Bemmann (University of Bonn), The Archaeology of Nomadic Imperialism, circa 300 CE – 600 CE Ursula Brosseder (University of Bonn), December 1-3 2016 Bryan Miller (University of Oxford), Michael Schmauder (University of Bonn), Program and time schedule The Xiongnu-Hun Connection – against the Common Opinion December 1 9:45 David Sneath (University of Cambridge), Tribe or State? Rethinking Evolutionist Models of Hun Society 14:00 Welcome and Introduction Philipp von Rummel (DAI, Head Office Berlin), 10:30 Coffee Break Richard Payne (Oriental Institute Chicago) 11:00-12:30 Hun Regimes in Central Asia 14:30-16:00 Eurasian Approaches to Late Antiquity Chair: Dmitri Korobov (Russian Academy of Science, Moscow) Chair: Walter Pohl (Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna) 11:00 Nikolaus Boroffka (DAI, Eurasia Department), 14:30 Michael Maas (Rice University, Houston), Leonid Sverchkov (Academy of Sciene of Uzbekistan, Tashkent), Introducing Eurasian Late Antiquity: A New Approach to a Transitional Kakhramon Tepa, Southern Uzbekistan. A 4th-5th Century AD Monu- Age ment in Context 15:15 Michael Kulikowski (Penn State, State College), 11:45 Sören Stark (Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, New York), The History and Archaeology of Global Late Antiquity: Huns in Sogdiana: The Archaeological Perspective Prospects and Pitfalls of Cooperation 12:30 Lunch Break 16:00 Coffee Break 14:00-15:30 Hun Regimes in the North Caucasus 16:30-18:00 Nomadic Empire Formation: New Theories, New Evidence Chair: Sabine Reinhold (DAI, Eurasia Department Berlin) Chair: Sven Hansen (DAI, Eurasia Department Berlin) 14:00 Murtazali Gadjiev (Russian Academy of Science, Daghestan Center), 16:30 Bryan Miller (University of Oxford), Iran vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Hunic Invaders of Central Asia That Influenced the History of India, China, and Eurasia, the Erection of Great Wall and Dark Period of Indian History
    Early Hunic Invaders of Central Asia that influenced the history of India, China, And Eurasia, the Erection of Great Wall and Dark Period of Indian History: By: Bipin Shah Dark Period of Indian history: During my world travel and visit to the Great Wall of China, I could not help wonder the real reasons for building such a massive wall at great cost of life and sacrifices? We always admire such monumental structure and cataloged them as “Great wonder of the world “. This and the pyramids are similar topics of the history that are often unknown to the public and never questioned or taught in the school. This type of subject not only intrigues me but compels me to investigate further. I decided to investigate further and found out how neatly this world event indirectly fits in to the puzzle of Indian subcontinent’s history, when Purana writers and the history keepers lost control of the Indian history and their genealogy of the Indian rulers. The Indian historian considers this to be the dark period of Indian history that began with the fall of Mauryan Empire and lasted until the rise of Gupta Empire. This is a total period of 500 to 550 years. During this period of uncertainty, India witnessed a massive influx of the foreign tribes from its borderland that was displaced as a result of chain reaction that started in the Northern China. India unwittingly became a melting pot of various ancient ethnicities during this “dark period” of the Indian history for which much remains unknown. Purana dismisses this event with one simple sentence: “Mlechha will rule India.” A similar melting process is now taking place in countries like America, Australia, Canada and South America but in a peaceful and orderly ways and the key driver for modern migration is the same that is just “economics”.
    [Show full text]
  • Nominalia of the Bulgarian Rulers an Essay by Ilia Curto Pelle
    Nominalia of the Bulgarian rulers An essay by Ilia Curto Pelle Bulgaria is a country with a rich history, spanning over a millennium and a half. However, most Bulgarians are unaware of their origins. To be honest, the quantity of information involved can be overwhelming, but once someone becomes invested in it, he or she can witness a tale of the rise and fall, steppe khans and Christian emperors, saints and murderers of the three Bulgarian Empires. As delving deep in the history of Bulgaria would take volumes upon volumes of work, in this essay I have tried simply to create a list of all Bulgarian rulers we know about by using different sources. So, let’s get to it. Despite there being many theories for the origin of the Bulgars, the only one that can show a historical document supporting it is the Hunnic one. This document is the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, dating back to the 8th or 9th century, which mentions Avitohol/Attila the Hun as the first Bulgarian khan. However, it is not clear when the Bulgars first joined the Hunnic Empire. It is for this reason that all the Hunnic rulers we know about will also be included in this list as khans of the Bulgars. The rulers of the Bulgars and Bulgaria carry the titles of khan, knyaz, emir, elteber, president, and tsar. This list recognizes as rulers those people, who were either crowned as any of the above, were declared as such by the people, despite not having an official coronation, or had any possession of historical Bulgarian lands (in modern day Bulgaria, southern Romania, Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, and northern Greece), while being of royal descent or a part of the royal family.
    [Show full text]
  • Votive Altar of Lucius Petronius Timachus
    SOFIJA PETKOVI], Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade BOJANA ILIJI], Museum of Knja`evac, Knja`evac VOTIVE ALTAR OF LUCIUS PETRONIUS TIMACHUS UDC: 904:726.82"652"(497.11) ; 904:725.182.025.3"652"(497.11) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.2298/STA1363053P Received: November 11, 2012 Original research article Accepted: April 23, 2013 Abstract. – During the systematic archaeological excavations in the fortress of Timacum Minus in Ravna near Knja`evac in 1991, a votive altar of Jupiter Paternus, dedicated by Lucius Petronius Timachus, a veteran of the legion VII Claudia, was discovered. The name (cognomen) Timachus was noted for the first time on this monument. It was developed from the ethnonime Timachi, or the hydronime Timachus, known from the historical resources of the Roman period. Timacum Maius and Timacum Minus, the fortifications and settlements in Upper Moesia, were named after the river Timachus (modern Timok), as was, probably, the whole region of the Basin of Timok. The votive altar of Jupiter Paternus was in secondary use as a construction material in the reconstruction of the horreum in the last phase of life in Timacim Minus, in the first half of 5th century A.D. The analysis of the archaeological context of the votive and funeral monuments from Ravna, used as spolia, have distinguished the three periods of their use from the last third of the 3rd century to the middle of the 5th century A.D. Key words. – Timacum Minus, Ravna, Eastern Serbia, votive altar, Iuppiter Paternus, Timachus, legio VII Claudia, Moesia Superior, Timok.
    [Show full text]
  • „…Ut Strenui Viri…” a Gepidák Kárpát-Medencei Története
    Szegedi Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar Történelemtudományi Doktori Iskola Medievisztika alprogram Kiss Attila „…ut strenui viri…” A gepidák Kárpát-medencei története Doktori értekezés Témavezet ı: Dr. Prof. Olajos Terézia professor emerita Szeged, 2014 Tartalom KÖSZÖNETNYILVÁNÍTÁS ............................................................................................................... 2 I. BEVEZETÉS ...................................................................................................................................... 3 I. 1. A GERMÁN KÉP VÁLTOZÁSAI A TÖRTÉNETI FORRÁSOKBAN ÉS A KUTATÁSBAN ........................ 3 I. 2. A NEMZET NÉLKÜLI „SZEGÉNY ” GERMÁNOK , A GEPIDÁK MEGÍTÉLÉSE A KUTATÁSBAN ....... 15 II. A GEPIDA CSOPORTOK KÁRPÁT-MEDENCEI BEKÖLTÖZÉSE .................................... 20 II. 1. KIS GEPIDA İSTÖRTÉNET ........................................................................................................... 20 II. 2. A GEPIDÁK MEGJELENÉSE A KÁRPÁT -MEDENCÉBEN – ISMERKEDÉS A RÓMAI HATÁROKKAL ? ............................................................................................................................................................... 28 II. 3. GEPIDÁK A 3–4. SZÁZADI KÁRPÁT -MEDENCÉBEN ? ETNIKAI INTERPRETÁCIÓK A RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSBAN ........................................................................................................................................ 36 III. GEPIDÁK A HUN KORSZAKBAN..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The State of the Art of Uralic Studies: Tradition Vs Innovation
    41 Convegni Studi umanistici – Philologica The state of the art of Uralic studies: tradition vs innovation edited by Angela Marcantonio University Press Collana Convegni 41 Studi umanistici Serie Philologica The state of the art of Uralic studies: tradition vs innovation Proceedings of the ‘Padua Uralic seminar’ University of Padua, November 11-12, 2016 edited by Angela Marcantonio 2018 Studi umanistici Serie Philologica The state of the art of Uralic studies: tradition vs innovation Proceedings of the ‘Padua Uralic seminar’ University of Padua, November 11-12, 2016 edited by Angela Marcantonio 2018 Copyright © 2018 Sapienza Università Editrice Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 – 00185 Roma www.editricesapienza.it [email protected] Iscrizione Registro Operatori Comunicazione n. 11420 ISBN 978-88-9377-066-8 Pubblicato ad aprile 2018 Quest’opera è distribuita con licenza Creative Commons 3.0 diffusa in modalità open access. In copertina: The Uralic Languages Map. Index Preface vii Introduction (Angela Marcantonio) 1 A ‘steppe nomadic culture’ vs a ‘forest language’: Modern identity dissonance in the history of the Magyars 21 Giuseppe Cossuto Information Structuring and typology: Finnic and Samic word order revisited through the prism of orality 33 M.M. Jocelyne Fernandez-Vest Issues of comparative Uralic and Altaic Studies (4): On the origin of the Uralic comparative marker 49 Juha Janhunen Revisiting the theory of the Hungarian vs Chuvash lexical parallels 59 László Marácz Are the Hungarians Ugric? 87 Borbála Obrusánszky The impossibility
    [Show full text]
  • Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department Of
    Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of History TOWARDS THE END OF AN EMPIRE: ROME IN THE WEST AND ATTILA (425-455 AD) Tunç Türel Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2016 TOWARDS THE END OF AN EMPIRE: ROME IN THE WEST AND ATTILA (425-455 AD) Tunç Türel Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of History Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2016 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study would have been impossible to finish without the support of my family. Therefore, I give my deepest thanks and love to my mother, without whose warnings my eyesight would have no doubt deteriorated irrevocably due to extensive periods of reading and writing; to my sister, who always knew how to cheer me up when I felt most distressed; to my father, who did not refrain his support even though there are thousands of km between us and to Rita, whose memory still continues to live in my heart. As this thesis was written in Ankara (Ancyra) between August-November 2016, I also must offer my gratitudes to this once Roman city, for its idyllic park “Seğmenler” and its trees and birds offered their much needed comfort when I struggled with making sense of fragmentary late antique chronicles and for it also houses the British Institute at Ankara, of which invaluable library helped me find some books that I was unable to find anywhere else in Ankara. I also thank all members of www.romanarmytalk.com, as I have learned much from their discussions and Gabe Moss from Ancient World Mapping Center for giving me permission to use two beautifully drawn maps in my work.
    [Show full text]
  • Honorius, Galla Placidia, and the Struggles for Control of the Western Roman Empire, 405-425 C.E
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2013 Crisis of Legitimacy: Honorius, Galla Placidia, and the Struggles for Control of the Western Roman Empire, 405-425 C.E. Thomas Christopher Lawrence [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Lawrence, Thomas Christopher, "Crisis of Legitimacy: Honorius, Galla Placidia, and the Struggles for Control of the Western Roman Empire, 405-425 C.E.. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2013. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1751 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Thomas Christopher Lawrence entitled "Crisis of Legitimacy: Honorius, Galla Placidia, and the Struggles for Control of the Western Roman Empire, 405-425 C.E.." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. Michael E. Kulikowski, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Christine Shepardson, Maura Lafferty, Thomas Burman Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Crisis of Legitimacy: Honorius, Galla Placidia, and the Struggles for Control of the Western Roman Empire, 405-425 C.E.
    [Show full text]