DOCSLIB.ORG

THE NATURE of NOMADIC POWER Contacts Between the Huns and the Romans During the Fourth and Fifth Centuries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE NATURE of NOMADIC POWER Contacts Between the Huns and the Romans During the Fourth and Fifth Centuries TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS TURKUENSIS SARJA - SER. B OSA - TOM. 373 HUMANIORA THE NATURE OF NOMADIC POWER Contacts between the Huns and the Romans during the Fourth and Fifth Centuries by Päivi Kuosmanen TURUN YLIOPISTO UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Turku 2013 From the Faculty of Humanities Department of General History University of Turku Finland Supervised by: Professor Auvo Kostiainen Department of General History University of Turku Finland Reviewed by: Professor Auvo Kostiainen Department of General History University of Turku Finland Dr. Docent Katariina Mustakallio Department of History University of Tampere Finland Dr. Thomas Brüggemann Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg Germany Opponent: Dr. Thomas Brüggemann Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg Germany The originality of this thesis has been checked in accordance with the University of Turku quality assurance system using the Turnitin OriginalityCheck service. ISBN 978-951-29-5586-2 (PRINT) ISBN 978-951-29-5587-9 (PDF) ISSN 0082-6987 Painosalama Oy – Turku, Finland 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Overview to the Research 1 1.2. Previous Research 3 1.3. The Aim of the Research 5 1.4. The Methodology 7 1.5. Central Concepts of the Research 11 1.6. Primary Sources 18 1.7. Structure of the Work 21 2. ROMAN AUTHORS’ WAYS OF WRITING ABOUT THE HUNS 23 2.1. Characteristics of the Huns Defined by Environment 24 2.2. Images of Nomads and Nomadic Way of Life 31 2.3. Educated Storytelling and the Accounts of the Huns 37 3. NEW NOMADIC ARRIVALS? THE FIRST DESCRIPTIONS OF THE HUNS 55 3.1. The Xiongnu, Ourougoundoi, Khounoi and Chuni: Ancestors of the Huns? 55 3.2. The Arrival of Many “Huns” and Actions with the Alans 59 3.3. The Frames of a Pastoral Nomadic Way of Life and the Actions of the Huns 62 3.4. The Huns and the Alans and Contacts with the Goths 70 4. GROUPS OF HUNS AND FIRST CONTACTS WITH THE ROMANS 74 4.1. Acts of Scattered Groups of Huns near the Danube and the Balkans 74 4.2. Primates and Phylarkhos – Military Leaders of the Huns? 78 4.3. Raiding Troops of Basich and Kursich in Contacts with Persia and the Roman Empire 86 5. AIMS TO INCREASE THE POWER OF HUN LEADERS? A HUN LEADER ULDIN 90 5.1. A Friend and an Enemy of the Eastern Roman Empire 90 5.2. Leader of All the Actions of the Huns? 94 5.3. Abandoned during a Raiding Operation: The End of Uldin 98 5.4. Scattered Groups of Huns in the Beginning of the 410s 104 6. VARIATIONS IN THE TITLES OF NOMAD LEADERS 106 6.1. The Hun Leader Charaton as “the first of the kings” 106 6.2. Images of Nomadic Kingship in Antiquity 111 6.3. The Liberty of Storytelling: The Countless Titles of Nomad Leaders 114 7. UNITING GROUPS OF HUNS AND LOCALS – RUA AND OCTAR 121 7.1. Contacts with the Romans in the 420s – The Strengthening Position of Hun Leaders? 121 7.2. Wars, Treaties and Mercenary Activity between the Groups of Huns and Romans 125 7.3. Rua Confidently Leading the Confederation during the 430s 135 8. STENGTHENING THE MIGHT OF THE CONFEDERATION – THE HUN BROTHERS BLEDA AND ATTILA IN THE 440s 142 8.1. From Uncle to Nephews - Bleda and Attila in the Footsteps of Rua 142 8.2. Creating Security and Bringing Profits 151 8.3. Friends and Foes – Hun Leaders and Contacts with the Romans 158 9. THE RISE OF A SUPERCOMPLEX CHIEFDOM AMONG THE HUNS? 170 9.1. Internal Conditions and External Influences – Towards a Supercomplex Chiefdom? 171 9.2. A Supercomplex Chiefdom Evolving among the Huns – Evidence in Support of the View 179 9.3. Elements of a Supercomplex Chiefdom that are Missing 191 10. THE FALL AND DISPERSAL OF THE HUNS 199 10.1. Attila’s Constant Need to Gain Riches 199 10.2. Desperate Acts to Please Followers: The Last Years of Attila 206 10.3. Fragmentation of Groups of Huns Again 210 10.4. A Cycle in the Nomadic Way of Life – The Existence of “The Hun Kings and Empire”? 217 11. THE HUNS AND THE NOMADIC WAY OF LIFE 220 BIBLIOGRAPHY 227 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I started to write my thesis in December 2006 and since then I have lived in fifteen different addresses in eight different cities in five different countries. Accordingly, from time to time I have felt like a nomad: a homeless wanderer accompanied by my laptop and books looking for what one wants to gain most – in my case it was not booty, prey but knowledge and academic contacts. My travels have been of grants granted to me to carry out research for my PhD thesis, and I am in debt to each one of the grantors. I am also very grateful to all who have shared their knowledge and supervised me over the years. Because of my travelling the list of persons that I would like to thank is enormous, but in order to keep the acknowledgements at reasonable length I cannot name them all. Therefore, all of you whose names should be listed here, my warmest thanks go to you. I am extremely grateful to my professors from University of Turku, Department of General History, emeritus-Professor Kalervo Hovi and Professor Auvo Kostiainen who have always kindly supported me in carrying on and given valuable comments to the various drafts as they evolved. In addition, I am in great dept to my mentor, teacher Risto Hämäläinen at Open University of Turku for his long-lasting and inspiring guidance not only to my work, but also me personally. Without the multi-level discussions together with him and his strong belief in my topic, the first steps in my research would have been much harder. I must admit that due to my travels, supervision has not always been easy. Therefore, my special thanks go to Docent Maijastina Kahlos from University of Helsinki, department of Classics, who invited me to write the PhD thesis as part of her research group “Otherness in Late-Roman World”, and the Finnish Academy who funded Kahlos’ project and my thesis during the first years and periodically later on. I do not have enough words to express my gratitude for Kahlos of her continuous interest and unfailing, high-level supervision to my work until the very end. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. Markus Mertaniemi and Dr. Marika Rauhala, the members of our research group, for their warm friendship and lively academic discussions that have been endless sources of inspiration and made science more joyful. My topic, Huns and the nature of nomadic power, is uncommon in Finland and hence I feel privileged to have been granted grants that have given me the opportunity to write my thesis abroad. I wish to extend my deep gratitude to the Emil Aaltonen Foundation for their grant and to the Finnish Cultural Foundation for their one year grant that made it possible to write my thesis in Finland. In addition, I am grateful for the grants that allowed me to go abroad, without them I would not have been able to spend days in many excellent libraries and meet many high-level specialists in my research field. Therefore, I am in great dept to the Finnish Cultural Foundation that granted a special grant to Künstlerhaus Schloss Wiepersdorf to carry out my work. The time in Schloss Wiepersdorf made it possible to use many comprehensive libraries and the archaeological collections related to the Huns in different museums around Germany and the neighbouring countries giving profound input to my research. Furthermore, the grant supported me in meeting with outstanding German scholars in the field of nomadic studies: Professor Jan Bemman in Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie, and Professor Charlotte Schubert in Universität Leipzig, Alte Geschichte Dr. Alexander Koch, leader of Deutschen Historischen Museums in Berlin. The discussions with all the mentioned scholars inspired me to develop my ideas further. I am also honoured by the interest of Professor Nikolay N. Kradin, Head and Professor of the Department of World History, in the Far-Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok, my work and his highly stimulating and helpful guidance in the question of the nature of nomadic power. Moreover, I am grateful to Professor Walter Pohl, Austrian Academy of Science and Director of Institute for Middle Ages Research in Wien, who strongly encouraged me to concentrate on the concept of barbarian kingship. I also warmly thank Docent Dr. Antti Ruotsala, University of Helsinki, General History, for many academic discussions that supported me to focus on nomadic nature of the Huns. I am also in deep gratitude to the Rotary organization of Eastern Finland and the state of Israel whose funding made it possible for me to write my PhD thesis for a year at Tel Aviv University, Department of Classics under the supervision of Professor Benjamin Isaac. I am deeply honoured by the expertise that Professor Isaac gave to my work not only in styles of academic writing but also dealing with the concept of otherness. My warmest thanks also go to Dr. Avshalom Laniado, at Tel Aviv University, History Department whose fundamental knowledge of the history of Byzantium and Priscus I had the privilege of enjoying on many discussions. The last steps and the final work in my research would not have been possible without holding the position of Research Coordinator at the Finnish Institute in the Middle East. Therefore, I thank the Institute and the foundation of the Institute from the bottom of my heart.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
    The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.5 Mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plate. Part of the Variable Angle Periarticular Plating System
    4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plate. Part of the Variable Angle Periarticular Plating System. Technique Guide Table of Contents Introduction 4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plates 2 4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plate System 4 AO Principles 5 Indications 6 Surgical Technique Preparation 7 Reduce Articular Surface 11 Insert Plate 12 Insert Screw in Central Plate Head Hole 20 Option A: 5.0 mm Solid Variable Angle Screw 20 Option B: 5.0 mm Cannulated Variable Angle Screw 23 Insert Screws in Surrounding Plate Head Holes 26 Option A: 5.0 mm Solid Variable Angle Screws 26 Option B: 5.0 mm Cannulated Variable Angle Screws 30 Insert Screws in Plate Shaft 32 Option A: 4.5 mm Cortex Screws 32 Option B: 5.0 mm Solid Variable Angle Screws 34 Option C: 5.0 mm Cannulated Variable Angle Screws 37 Remove Instruments 40 Product Information Implants 41 Instruments 43 Set Lists 45 Image intensifier control 4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plate Technique Guide Synthes 4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plates. Part of the Variable Angle Periarticular Plating System. The Synthes 4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plate is part of the VA-LCP Periarticular Plating System which merges variable angle locking screw technology with conventional plating techniques. The 4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plate System has many similarities to standard locking fixation methods, with a few important improvements. Variable angle locking screws provide the ability to create a fixed-angle construct while also allowing the surgeon the freedom to choose the screw trajectory before “fixing” the angle of the screw.
    [Show full text]
  • Migrating Huns and Modified Heads: Eigenshape Analysis Comparing Intentionally Modified Crania from Hungary and Georgia in the Migration Period of Europe
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Migrating Huns and modified heads: Eigenshape analysis comparing intentionally modified crania from Hungary and Georgia in the Migration Period of Europe Peter Mayall1³, Varsha Pilbrow1³*, Liana Bitadze2 1 The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 2 Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi, Georgia ³ PM and VP are joint senior authors on this work. a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 An intentionally modified head is a visually distinctive sign of group identity. In the Migration Period of Europe (4th± 7th century AD) the practice of intentional cranial modification was common among several nomadic groups, but was strongly associated with the Huns from OPEN ACCESS the Carpathian Basin in Hungary, where modified crania are abundant in archaeological sites. The frequency of modified crania increased substantially in the Mtskheta region of Citation: Mayall P, Pilbrow V, Bitadze L (2017) Migrating Huns and modified heads: Eigenshape Georgia in this time period, but there are no records that Huns settled here. We compare the analysis comparing intentionally modified crania Migration Period modified skulls from Georgia with those from Hungary to test the hypothe- from Hungary and Georgia in the Migration Period sis that the Huns were responsible for cranial modification in Georgia. We use extended of Europe. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0171064. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171064 eigenshape analysis to quantify cranial outlines, enabling a discriminant analysis to assess group separation and identify morphological differences. Twenty-one intentionally modified Editor: James J. Cray, Jr., Medical University of South Carolina, UNITED STATES skulls from Georgia are compared with sixteen from Hungary, using nineteen unmodified crania from a modern population as a comparative baseline.
    [Show full text]
  • Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire
    HUNNIC WARFARE IN THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES C.E.: ARCHERY AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE A Thesis Submitted to the Committee of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty of Arts and Science. TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Laura E. Fyfe 2016 Anthropology M.A. Graduate Program January 2017 ABSTRACT Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire Laura E. Fyfe The Huns are one of the most misunderstood and mythologized barbarian invaders encountered by the Roman Empire. They were described by their contemporaries as savage nomadic warriors with superior archery skills, and it is this image that has been written into the history of the fall of the Western Roman Empire and influenced studies of Late Antiquity through countless generations of scholarship. This study examines evidence of Hunnic archery, questions the acceptance and significance of the “Hunnic archer” image, and situates Hunnic archery within the context of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. To achieve a more accurate picture of the importance of archery in Hunnic warfare and society, this study undertakes a mortuary analysis of burial sites associated with the Huns in Europe, a tactical and logistical study of mounted archery and Late Roman and Hunnic military engagements, and an analysis of the primary and secondary literature. Keywords: Archer, Archery, Army, Arrow, Barbarian, Bow, Burial Assemblages, Byzantine, Collapse, Composite Bow, Frontier, Hun, Logistics, Migration Period, Roman, Roman Empire, Tactics, Weapons Graves ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Reshaping East Roman Diplomacy with Barbarians During the 5Th Century
    Chapter 1 From Hegemony to Negotiation: Reshaping East Roman Diplomacy with Barbarians during the 5th Century Audrey Becker Introduction During the first half of the 4th century ad, thanks to their military power, the Romans had been giving the barbarian tribes bordering the Danube and the Rhine no choice but to accept the conclusion of deditio after losing the war, leav- ing them in a very humiliating position.1 Yet, the military and political events of the second half of the 4th century ad, and even more of the 5th century ad, led the Romans to reconsider their relationship with the barbarian tribes.2 The characteristics of diplomatic relationship changed even before the defeat at Andrinople in 378, because the barbarian tribes, in the middle of the 4th cen- tury, gradually became able to restore the balance of power, leading the Eastern Roman Empire to reconsider its relations with its barbarian neighbours. This compelled the Byzantine Empire, from the end of the 4th century onward, to take into account barbarian leaders or kings who became, at that time, real dip- lomatic actors playing, of necessity, with formal rules of diplomatic protocol to 1 For instance, Constantinus with the Sarmatians in 323: Zosimus, Historia Nova 2.21.3, ed.Paschoud (Paris, 2000), p. 92; Julian in 358 with the Alemanni kings Suomarius and Hor- tarius: Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae 17.10.3, ed. Sabbah (Paris, 1989), p. 64; Ammianus Marcellinus 17.10.9, p. 66; Constantius ii, in 358 as well, with the kings of the Sarmatians and Quadi: Ammianus Marcellinus 17.12.9–16, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • General Information
    CHAPTER SIX GENERAL INFORMATION • Iowa's Diversified Economy • Fish and Wildlife Resources • Agriculture • Quick Facts about Iowa • Iowa's Labor Force • Legal Holidays • Travel and Tourism • Veterans Organizations • State Park and Recreation Areas 146 IOWA'S DIVERSIFIED ECONOMY For more information about Iowa's economy contact the Iowa Department of Economic Development, 200 E. Grand Ave., Des Moines 50319; 515-281-3251. Iowa is known throughout the world as America's heartland, the source of an abundant supply of top quality agricultural goods. The natural wealth of our soil has provided us with an enduring base upon which to build a diversified economy. While the trend of consolidation has resulted in a diminishing farm population, the contribution of agriculture to Gross State Product assures that all Iowans maintain an interest and awareness in that portion of our economy. But it would be a mistake to restrict perception of the state to farm-related goods and services, or to conclude that all Iowans are farmers. The information in this section will help put Iowa's economy into correct perspective. Iowa's top personal income source: Service sector It's clear from these charts that only a small percentage of our population derives their personal income directly from agriculture. But indirectly, agricultuVe-generated dollars have spawned vigorous growth in other sectors. Because our economy is in the early stages of diversification, we're still vulnerable to fluctuations in demand for agricultural products. As our new industries mature,
    [Show full text]
  • 037 690305 the Trans
    Horld ElstorY >#9 h. Eoeb Hednesday P.t{. lEE TnAtrSIfIOnAt KII{GDUSs VAI{DI,LS' HEiltLI' OSIBT0ES lfter the Roam defeat bf tbe Vlaigoths at 441b,gs tn t8, rp bart the cqo- uautng eto:y of the collapse of tbe Rccdr &pfre ps fo:nd e pag€ 134 fn t+g"r. Stlllcho rt tll3 bottm of tb3 flrst col:uor rp dlscswr tbat tbe @ercr Bcrorlu a (9*t&3) rypolntect Ure VErSgl Stlllplro es Easter of tbe troops. Eere nas a sltaratlcn rbera a Uerlgqls EA ffid ofE-tbe nttltary forceel It rns not just tbat tbs C'€ina,s ;ffi-:y lrr charge of Ee rrall alorg tbe RhJ.ne, hrt,gon me of tbeo le tn obarge of tbe Rmm arry fneiae tbp r.ratl! Itrs ltke tbe cansLto nose under tbe tmt. far see litt&e ty ltttte rbat is bappentng I Golng to colu.m tvo: trr 406 Cauf. ras ,qP.rnm by Vmdals srd other trlltBs. dgpqf:re-of fn Lgt'51o tberc vas @ lccc'ed evaoratlor € Brltafg.-the..cglete t& troq>J- dates rnay:Er@g$E- sore sdrcAsErt f thl$k tbls is tbe elgplslg dg!g- for tho purposef\r1 evasusticn of the ls1ad. lnd then ln lueust of /+oB Sbilfpl*r l€g Elgl*g at Fcrelusr cdsrt ttt€ @ere did no[ tnrEt brs rnlrrtary c@EQs r.nre Just not golng rtght fcr tie fupire. Rm Sacked I relgn llotlce next that tbe @eror Theodoslus. erperor ll th9 9eg! $o b€99 -hie i" 4OS; ;i"*ua tbe earllest' colleffilf existLne lgggr tbe-lieodoela CodE.; l&eD yan_bave a good rJ"i6W bas to 16rltlply,-fi c1assl$r -md cod,l.$ none-art none latr, "tafc"trcn tbat socLety breatcnp'0gg, due to lncreased ccrlos srd Laltless:eegt lbea people ar€ Uun"":irg tb€r'selvee teet'e ls no need for a lot of lane.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Sea-Caspian Steppe: Natural Conditions 20 1.1 the Great Steppe
    The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 General Editors Florin Curta and Dušan Zupka volume 74 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ecee The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe By Aleksander Paroń Translated by Thomas Anessi LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Publication of the presented monograph has been subsidized by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the National Programme for the Development of Humanities, Modul Universalia 2.1. Research grant no. 0046/NPRH/H21/84/2017. National Programme for the Development of Humanities Cover illustration: Pechenegs slaughter prince Sviatoslav Igorevich and his “Scythians”. The Madrid manuscript of the Synopsis of Histories by John Skylitzes. Miniature 445, 175r, top. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Proofreading by Philip E. Steele The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://catalog.loc.gov/2021015848 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”.
    [Show full text]
  • International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Division
    International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Division Division V Committee Meeting at 49th IUPAC General Assembly WTC Sheraton Hotel, Sao Paulo, Brazil Saturday 8 July, 2017, 09:00 to 17.30 Sunday 9 July, 2017, 08:00-16:30 Minutes Present Jan Labuda, Slovakia TM - President Zoltan Mester, Canada TM - Vice President D. Brynn Hibbert, Australia TM - Past President Derek Craston, UK TM Takae Takeuchi, Japan TM David G. Shaw, USA TM Érico M. M. Flores, Brazil AM M. Clara F. Magalhães, Portugal AM M. Filomena Camões, Portugal AM Earle Waghorne, Ireland NR Lea Sibulelo Vilakazi, South Africa NR Wandee Luesaiwong, Thailand NR Serigne Amadou Ndiaye, Senegal YO Irene Rodriguez Meizoso, Sweden YO Patricia Grinberg, Canada YO Jiri Barek, Czech Republic YO Nunzianda Frascione, UK YO Raychelle Burks, USA YO Apologies Attila Felinger, Hungary - Division Secretary (TM) Tatiana Maryutina, Russia (TM) Sandra Rondinini, Italy (TM) Heli M.M. Sirén, Finland (TM) Hasuck Kim, Korea (AM) Slavica S. Ražić, Serbia (AM) Stefan Tsakovski, Bulgary (NR) Huan-Tsung Chang, China Taipei (NR) Medhat A. Al-Ghobashy, Egypt (NR) Ales Fajgelj, Slovenia (NR) Resat Apak, Turkey (NR) Muhammad Makshoof Athar, Pakistan (NR) IUPAC Analytical Chemistry Division 1. Welcome (Jan Labuda), introduction and arrangements The President welcomed all the Div V members and Young Observers and invited them to take a full part in the discussions of the Div V. All participants presented themselves and President cited the reasons for non present members. Erico Flores mentioned about Brazilian Society of Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry in Brazil. President set the meeting time and informed about the visit to Division V by the Secretary General on 8 July, 2017 at 11:00 - 11:30.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. 6 [1776]
    The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol. 6 [1776] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY of AMERICA Doctrina Christiana
    THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA Doctrina Christiana: Christian Learning in Augustine's De doctrina christiana A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Medieval and Byzantine Studies School of Arts and Sciences Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy © Copyright All Rights Reserved By Timothy A. Kearns Washington, D.C. 2014 Doctrina Christiana: Christian Learning in Augustine's De doctrina christiana Timothy A. Kearns, Ph.D. Director: Timothy B. Noone, Ph.D. In the twentieth century, Augustinian scholars were unable to agree on what precisely the De doctrina christiana is about as a work. This dissertation is an attempt to answer that question. I have here employed primarily close reading of the text itself but I have also made extensive efforts to detail the intellectual and social context of Augustine’s work, something that has not been done before for this book. Additionally, I have put to use the theory of textuality as developed by Jorge Gracia. My main conclusions are three: 1. Augustine intends to show how all learned disciplines are subordinated to the study of scripture and how that study of scripture is itself ordered to love. 2. But in what way is that study of scripture ordered to love? It is ordered to love because by means of such study exegetes can make progress toward wisdom for themselves and help their audiences do the same. 3. Exegetes grow in wisdom through such study because the scriptures require them to question themselves and their own values and habits and the values and habits of their culture both by means of what the scriptures directly teach and by how readers should (according to Augustine) go about reading them; a person’s questioning of him or herself is moral inquiry, and moral inquiry rightly carried out builds up love of God and neighbor in the inquirer by reforming those habits and values out of line with the teachings of Christ.
    [Show full text]
  • NHB Regional Bowl a Round #7
    NHB Regional Bowl A Round 7 First Quarter 1. Charlie Poole played this instrument in his group “The North Carolina Rambers.” Earl Scruggs played this for Bill Monroe's group, and after leaving Monroe wrote “Foggy Mountain Breakdown,” a famously difficult piece to play with this instrument. For 10 points, name this string instrument often paired with a fiddle in bluegrass and country music. ANSWER: banjo 121-11-38-07101 2. This man was criticized for calling the Afghanistan conflict a “war of Obama’s choosing.” This man was replaced by Wisconsin politician Reince Priebus, despite promising to be “off the hook” and to bring his party into more “urban-suburban hip-hop settings.” For 10 points, name this chair of the RNC from 2009 to 2011. ANSWER: Michael Steele 015-11-38-07102 3. The cabinet of this President included his predecessor’s third Attorney General, Charles Lee. This President appointed Benjamin Stoddert as head of the newly created Department of the Navy. This man ran with Thomas Pinckney in one election, but ended up with Thomas Jefferson as his Vice President. For 10 points, name this successor to George Washington. ANSWER: John Adams 005-11-38-07103 4. An argument over this activity caused the Spanish to destroy the English fleet led by John Hawkins at Vera Cruz. The Zong Massacre and William Wilberforce helped lead Britain to abolish this practice in 1808. One part of this activity involved the Middle Passage. For 10 points, name this trade of human beings across the Atlantic for goods such as sugar.
    [Show full text]