Horld ElstorY >#9 h. Eoeb Hednesday P.t{. lEE TnAtrSIfIOnAt KII{GDUSs VAI{DI,LS' HEiltLI' OSIBT0ES lfter the Roam defeat bf tbe Vlaigoths at 441b,gs tn t8, rp bart the cqo- uautng eto:y of the collapse of tbe Rccdr &pfre ps fo:nd e pag€ 134 fn t+g"r. Stlllcho rt tll3 bottm of tb3 flrst col:uor rp dlscswr tbat tbe @ercr Bcrorlu a (9*t&3) rypolntect Ure VErSgl Stlllplro es Easter of tbe troops. Eere nas a sltaratlcn rbera a Uerlgqls EA ffid ofE-tbe nttltary forceel It rns not just tbat tbs C'€ina,s ;ffi-:y lrr charge of Ee rrall alorg tbe RhJ.ne, hrt,gon me of tbeo le tn obarge of tbe Rmm arry fneiae tbp r.ratl! Itrs ltke tbe cansLto nose under tbe tmt. far see litt&e ty ltttte rbat is bappentng I Golng to colu.m tvo: trr 406 Cauf. ras ,qP.rnm by Vmdals srd other trlltBs. dgpqf:re-of fn Lgt'51o tberc vas @ lccc'ed evaoratlor € Brltafg.-the..cglete t& troq>J- dates rnay:Er@g$E- sore sdrcAsErt f thl$k tbls is tbe elgplslg dg!g- for tho purposef\r1 evasusticn of the ls1ad. lnd then ln lueust of /+oB Sbilfpl*r l€g Elgl*g at Fcrelusr cdsrt ttt€ @ere did no[ tnrEt brs rnlrrtary c@EQs r.nre Just not golng rtght fcr tie fupire. Rm Sacked I relgn llotlce next that tbe @eror Theodoslus. erperor ll th9 9eg! $o b€99 -hie i" 4OS; ;i"*ua tbe earllest' colleffilf existLne lgggr tbe-lieodoela CodE.; l&eD yan_bave a good rJ"i6W bas to 16rltlply,-fi c1assl$r -md cod,l.$ none-art none latr, "tafc"trcn tbat socLety breatcnp'0gg, due to lncreased ccrlos srd Laltless:eegt lbea people ar€ Uun"":irg tb€r'selvee teet'e ls no need for a lot of lane. ht ttbs old lavs have to Ue deftd md nerr cnos Passed as a S!€!!!g!9 foar tle EngaEd-qF t" e€cpf;i; chqrqcter, tbe,natlcn is in tranble. So it uas in sacient Rcme. So 1t ls fn trc Untted States todryll
Nou, ln 4g9 ALaric lnvaded Italy ad bricfly set up a- usurper. . Itqr.ln 410 thtg v1sre;tfiic ieaa"rG6re to gack the clty of Boe I lbls bad ney€r been dme sc-uco genrls dld ix 390 B,c.t (neger" bacl to pags 85.) 1?"'s ls strlld:rg. EractJv the lt g-eg$Ijgg't @ vears ]s!sE! RG bs$, .reBs rmtqrch€ teE Battle of Adrlanople t-n 378 *m tbo E!'- Icok bou fast thls bapperoed: Sro the (lrgll, per6 faLL to revoilts Ja liace-t lb" (:s-l) .-d tb" enalcuatLoa 6f f if,ch "try the attack of tbe hue la the east [G ruqt l.g of nore ad nore laus being codiftea, . ad the Vlsigotb.r fleefng ttm thec-io tbe Visigothg_enter lltg_tb nelt od dcr' lnate nrcb of tbe nest ti tne porri tao. tner aie able to go q-U. tbe nry don thrcflgb tbe Italtar peninsrla $ the "i!1 oq Bcoet Alarlc aocn dled Jn sorthern lta3y md biE botbr-in-Ian led t|t Vlefgdbs lato Cstll G12)-t*a-tl*ce Lee the ccnqutst of Sain fron the YEtSIs (415).o the Bcnsrs DlSntt-Care ! rE., 111d so the collapse of Bqne c€ntl,rmes. this was not a very-pretty-ptc-brre. Brt it does shcrs that 1.rltldn abcut cne cenb:ry aftsr Christtanfty hed-been legallz€d, tb 372 lrlorld l{tstcury ct 3-*6j 2 n'r'firs rras collapsJ:rg fron tdthln. Mmy of the pagms Alaned tbe chrch fcr tha falJ; brl actuaLl;r there Ls avery eyidenc€ to show that the Sqrlre vas on lts last legs ll the 3rd cenh.r:1r A*D. ad was saved by a few great nm like &[oc]etl.m, Cmstgtlnet and theodosius so tbat tbe final edllapse vas PS!!,gSg for lnrothe{ @EII. But lt cculdntt lastr md nou 1t uas beginnjag to collapss becaus mcre and rore tho pecple had lost aIL jsrterest i-u, eefuitainq€ tbe FFlr6. trn faott tbg1o rr1€ lg1.- barianj 11ke Stillcbo vbo !€re nqre laterested ln preservlag the Arplre thg ths !gg- ffig""g -!@tt they bad Lost lnt€rest. ttLs uas tbe stst€ of affalrsl @t Nsw if ue look at the story begj$iag cn pag€ 135 w vlLL sae sotns ner dewlcpr nants corpletely unprecedented In the Roan uorld! Up !o tbts polat-llsteal-tbe ngr.e, beE g nasb ;;i; .of i&g, lteattei'r?:.r_e.Sg llcg.lg, .Ig f* cegtyl9s. gnd -@, Bceg basin I nffi'aG+EffiV'i soraethiug unrsual ls ta!*rg place I ?he barbarl,ens r.pre raoving past Itaty gotng thrargh Srenco md ilto Sab-8!d sgddenJy ycn d!.scovor tbat cne-l*ro1e-reglor of !b9 Rca^@ Bf{.1 ln the nost rrnlika\y o"u (& iuyt the nost likely areal)r m! completelJr'o-ccttpig{ by a beb?r1ry peqfle. tire Rornan tern here-ubarbai'i@trt lbis rms &qE!h ArrlSp ocpngie4 ![ !& Itsr]jl'use goo V*auru y@ efid$g-U-t qate gog, tbP legrm.? 9f Pgl*q. 43 Vmda].s bad fro frG?-tffiu&*mffif'rtU:Ftft-n1G S€a €nd tbe Ulrraine, tben uedered through ctcu- tral srd r,estem g\rt.p" thrcugb Gsul tnto Slaln, tbsy stayed h Satn rmtll tbs Vlsl- goths drorre them cutr- md then they r"ent lnto t{cth Afrlca.
So nov ue havs tbe beginniag of a wry renarkable series of evqtg deftned Prt pheticajly:31 ti," Book of tiqdef-{Oa. ?:8). 1!rd.er tbe date l&9-very bottcnn of col. '2 ,tme Lnr o,.. p. {34-,"e read, 6@ q"lpr{ Bcsrlfatlus trted to set hlarsetf up as depenhent t1n Efricar'nitb tEe afE'ot tbe Vmdals, ubo crossod frcg Sain under.ggls- i"-fCe"s"rlc). But'the Vandals saized AJbice for thlmeelvogtr-not iugt under. tbe fr-*; g"o"""i-'tafter a tuo-year siege ofn tbe. giW :-g Rpp: cn the coast not far r,est of cartbage. Drri:rg this slegp-El;-Jggglilgr tue uilncp of Elppo, died (430). &e nort paragraph under tbe date 430 tells hou letlus, alrotber Rcman gonerall_ defeated the viEigltUit t:r Gsu-l. So thls nan vas able to resohn- the proble1 in Gnrl brt, Ln tbe reantlme, tbe Va:rdale rcre able to take oner ln Ncrtb Aftrlca. lnd so lF aat6 tne ueg:sing oi'thr Vsrdauc klagdm, as a_separate lndlnaadent krnqdcn lrr llorth A"1e tbs reglca of Aiti"u, tn 7rZg. g35g csreflrl n-ote e!-$,-ga!g 439t h -central md rrstern n"rtlEi"6r-T[-anS sudd€rr]t-clEslb.re1 s SeII0e?-sFSk+q Pglgr- th€ V*a"f", gpttfnJ ecryLet6 ecntrol. tbey 3.atev (+SS) got, Eelr nare because of thc ,rqy il.+ iiffugJa-tiratrs the Rmsr usagB of the tert-hrt they rrre also called nTsrdaltr earller ne*r{ng sme}o{f r&o uqrde.rs; it ccmes frcn tbe Gernm uont ggg- trto 9alpcr !,tdab ms&s vander.; vem$a]. rfPgFm IS0GNSDI Notlce r*rat ls stated nct Ln the flrst co}rm crt p. 135 under tbe yer 435r Sbo recomlaFd. The Vadal.g took Carthage lr {3.9.' llhat VadaL kined@ in lfr"tca res -A11 dg€s it r"a tbey rge urG@pizodo? kLnde of, bcbarLans bd beo aro.rnd-.thc Bmars sau then ttiat ts tbe slgntficanse of the tesa l*@4393? [r{s Ls a good noderrn tezt
32€ t{cld Eiatory ot Y*9 3
It rems these Vardals l+ere-r6c_qlntzed-$-the Rman eovernner& gg g J.gglUXgtA Fi+sten !F!hJ" .tbe sres pf nerq llpli psst$&F@ Er@- hrt, ln this cas€, via tbo Vmdals and thpl,r governmontt
I11 othor barbarims r:p to tkls t{mn, rrJ-thcrrt exceptlcn, rer€ n't'l onred to gettLe lnslde Rcrrets banndgctes tut rcre or\y cltlzsrs Gr lan lcrry, friends; b't ttiey d1d not sCrdrigter the gover::nsrt. &$ tg th? flfet tlre. g forpjq DglCL 3gg alt('l,ed fu dninlsLgr. J&g Rongr eoy€l3u€nt indeoendentlv l.,ithjr itg slg ,areo lnsi,ae tbe livn{ts of the fuirel Ihis rras tbe flrgt of the horns to be estabIlshed,, Ycrr reneuber the ten hqas of r&.isb 3 nere uprooted, rfuich grev ant of tbe beast (Deo. 7 z'1..8, 2O1 ?-,1+), lbis sas tbe establlshurent of that flrst kLngdon.
lbe Srnq St_osp€d I Ccntinuing domr the page, first co}:m: Marcisr lras erperor ln tbe east. ItHo a1'l6rypd the osf,roeo&bs (eis{ eotUs) to eettle is tary eri.tEs (t""d*"til io pa- ncniarr-hrrt ffiffiirint -*as not yet adrdnistered fudeperrdent\y [email protected] (ttat ts, the Ostrogothic kingdcri r.ras not establisheC j-n ftaly tmtll 493 rcrlch mg tbe thlrd of tbe first tbree hqrrs.) lGmr&ILe, tn l+fr1 "A!!llg, loader of the @r declded to bing his pecple frcm the east 5rtto Gzuln-remi:rg from eastern Egope. thear ocsured the faoacr.le Ba.ttle of 9balma ln t+51 near the city of bcyes. (lnd *rat Ls the clty of $qr E@-in-tE;EE{ urrless bojas cae thero ca:ryirrg the nanet) l,cnepr statesTere tbat the Buns r*re defeated. Acttrally nobody vcn this stnrggle hrt tbe Erns rpnt no f\rther sirply because they difort wlrr. lbe Smars std thetr al}les nerely beld tben; Lt nas a great sJ.aughter. thLs battle at Chal-os ia corsidered perbapg tbe most catastnoohl€"ery *auehter ln alL ancient rrarfare ia t&e early csthu{.es of tbs present era I But it d5d tunr the tlde srd stcp the Hunaic aslarrgbt.
Ipt rno €,xplafu tbat up to tbis point tbe Hns had srcceeded in oceupylag g!! g!nctber:q nrrsp€ politL.calLy (not necessariJy ty artgratim)r aL1 the ury frcaTle unhaoror reachss of the easte::n Ulralne--frcen hrssl€ futo Pdlad, Ge:mar5r, tbe tor Ccr.rntries, ald the rest of eastern Errcpe nortb of tbe Ranan roi,irryjyjggg sctit&' of Scqpdjnavia I Nobody h,cvws yet bor this happened, r.rbat polltlcal rne@s lrrrB used to orgarize this vast territoay, 8rt thay e]l garrc thalr allegtoco to tha Eras as if, lotts sry, this lras a msens notr of unit{.g ewryborff agajnst nmo I &ers bad never bsen a unlqx lilce this up to this tirne. (Note carefg$r page 15? 5-a Lager.) q & slde of 3g rere scne of, the Ostloqo,th€ and the .SgEEg. &ls Ls slgnLf- icant. lfeny Gernsr tribes, as rpll as scre Gothic trlbes, elded wtth the fue; ad a mlnber of otbers slded rd.th Ree. It vas aot, tn tbis cass, sr lnstace of pecple rru:rhg agalnst each other besed qr tribes oxc3lsile\r. Batbor, lt rlag a divlglcn as to uhether glg ncnadic barbarLo,s of tbe east, e !@, civ{Llzed decdent Rmarg of tbe rest, sb.c&ld ggg-lftetber 3g$! &os€mlpn3 uculd be adlnlnlstered a la Rre or a La AttiJ.al lte battle nas decided, .Sg. Rcmen Emrpire stoodt IlLs ls cae r€aacn *y ultLlcate\y the Germ'm Fanl'-s and otbers in tbe Rhlrrelend tbat supported Rcoe be- ome the mrcieu.s for the ccntlnuaticn of the Rmsr systen in tb liH-ddle A.pesl
The year 450 ms nhen thts groat trnnlc cqtfederatio reacbed lts santtb. h* f dcart thfrk thie has ewr boen prt togsthor proper\y rrtth the fact that Lrl 449 t'be hgles md the Sorms laft the ccntincnnt ad r.rent to Brita{rrr espacia[y the Sctrqrs. there seelrsi every reason to belLerc that tbe Saros ar a peqfle, lnstoad 9g tdc,rld lllstory of 3-549 I of ranti-ng to suboit to Attlla and, the Ermq declded-sinca they uere ne\l€r a part of the Rcu.ar fupire, uerenlt ewa near Lt, tbey wre too far nortb'-t&at' tbey lt€nld learie tbere anc go to the Britlsh Is1es. So rfuat bappened uas that .!hg, q€Stc.s. -of !tr, hglish:sp,egl.$lg Ldld left !E cqatjn-€nt gg -the Ems. h€I'g oreqllglng lhe ncth of $gg;2g gqlr-ixsl &9$9,. that is the picturo. rilho Were the->g? I canot take the tltue hare to go lnto great def'n{'l sbcrrt tbe backgroard of t}re Ihrts. there is naterlal m thls ln Herodohrs. Fopr€rr it 1s Lmpcrtant to r€a]l2s that the Erns rere the people agairst nbm tbe Chlnese briJ't tbg E:eat 1{411 gJ $$. This rras dcrie over 6oo years pr{.or to thLs great' battle at ChaLcns arsund 211F.C. (p. 145 irr Langer). The Great ltall of Cbiaa rras buIlt t" glgg !4g 4q lgq ggdduer- gg Cnfuat Tn tbe tJast here Jrl /.51 l-D. the Rcnas and thelr a]]Les didnrt bave rgr Gff tnit they prevajJ.ed irt the battle ln trbance. ?te lbns uere nqra tha cne paople. lbe skeletal stnrcture recovered frm tha grasss of tire ft;ns sbou that nay of t'ben rrre 3[!@,. lJ-most aL1 tbe leaderE ar
vaadali Spck Bcry Golng q:: trr {52 AttiLa lnvdes Italy tilt is tu:raed back by tbe Popo--li:o erp- posedJy vatned hitx hrt probabSy oal.$ binl oAttl-la died in Ir53 nd his bordes broke up.n liis erpire cracked up right after bis death. Tbere $as no stqli]if,y tl lt.
Tn June of L55 Galseri.c and the Yepda.ls erossod orrer the l'leditsranean llcua Nccth Afri.ca md sacked @. 'ry tb thorcughness of tbsir destnrctLca they aL tacbed g eemanen! stjlFa to ttre-iMgg,.n lbat is, tboy eo thororghJy sacked Rae that snybody tbat pillages and carts alrnost eveqrthing a$alr Ls a vsdal-to vmdal- lze, to destrcg! fhe Srevla Riciner is roentioned in the next paragsph 6 p. 135 tomrd the bot- ton of colurrr oae. Tbe Srevi uere srother people that cane into fta\y at this tLrae. &-rt q.'11 of these otber scupsr rðer $revL e visigotbs on rdrernr, g!4 $L.gE g, sr iacependent kiaEdon tbat cmti:nred the Rcnqr govenrrnsrt. Therr ulttroately carved ort a piece of territory fcr their om E! np\teT. like the Ymdals, peroetuatpd the Rcnan systeat If they uere ultirnate\r Ronsrized itts beczuse Rcne took then owr. Nslr r"'s l.dll be coning to tvo other tribes, the Herrli srd Ostrogotbs, that eotirnr€d the Bcman gonerrrrnent.
90oracar_and tbe Hgru].:[ Nov ln l+75 ve ha're @s, Arzustus becmtag @oron ilr tbe l{est. then ln Sep- tenber of 1i76, nafter defeating md kilting Orestes at Pavlann a ganp of pecple So Lbe B4tic, having }lved in the reglcn of Czechoslovakia srd bcderiag areas, lnora as ttenrfians ad Scili and Rigii and other tribes-€,trcrips of Balttc pecple-under tbe Eenrl n Cdovacar (on Odoacer) ndeposed Bmtrlus .Augustulusr & Lg! emo€rqr og gg rpst. at Raverrna.n llor,ice-at' the city of-Bggt W Because Bcne had bea sacked tvic€ already by Alaric tbe Visigotb (/+10) ard tban by Galseric the Tardal USil. And the cn\y safe place in ltaly nas at Bavearna cn the .ldrlatlc coast acth- east of Rcme. Tbat shows r,rhat uas happening-the entire l&st rras f inlshed I lnd thrs this year of t{16 marks the !1g{ilioatal gnd of tFe RSEen +D.ire. rThe Next paragraph3 easter:n eq)eror, 7&o-. erpparently recogr$zeil'G1E Odovacar as tpatric5-&ttt-; niitleeof of EcnbFTcc barbarisr conrnandsrs.n lrotr3pcffiglB0 is again rplL-used bocsuse the llenrli establisherj tJlis kingdon fu ftahr rdrlLe tbe Ymdals rpre in lfort& Africa. and cmtinred tbe Rcrom gowrrusnt fn Italy as tbe Tesld[s ccntinued the goverruent in Nontb A.frica butr in t'bis case, in thelr our style-6 their own H{o they uere independent bt"tt aut}reitatively recognized as per.oetuates of the Roman qfston of sovgmp€dlt. So, aga5.:r, the laqf Hoqt yor uat to take note of is nrecogruizedn. Coatlsujag the paragraph: rNepos rstainecl td.hrlar clais aa eryortrr uatlL blg death fu 180 slnd after that date the eqire sas theoretically rerarit,ed undsr the eastern 6rnp'erore, tmt actnalJ-y Odonacar ruled aB a la9geeadmt kl4g tn Italy.r lewrtbeless, he rras recognized officfaqy tbee. Ian see, thesetlcally tbe ec- plre rras reunited but 0dwacar uas hadl-ing lt t4$ependentl:r l-a the llest. So thLs ciler\y shorls that l:r theory the gotemnocts rrre restorod-the Bsnl'r xbplr.e ln tb bst under Odovecar as a lesser :ruler, letrs sry, ad the Bastena.@llre pr.edoL nant. But yet he uas really lndependen! € g selraratg @.
1?ro odorlc_ a$_tba Ostr oeoths I{ou cmtinuing undor ttre date 481: rt& the deatb of theodorlc, tho sm of Stra- bo, Zeno rocognized his rLval lpteodcic the Aml-there l,ero tr.lo tLedorice uho rge '33/ Horld liistorY of 3'?69 6 rlnals fcor cc'ntrol of the 0strogoths; soe near tce 9{ eofrugT 3s patriclao ad naster ifr" troq:s.n this part of tbe story needs clarificatiqx. lI€ harre tJre Ostrogothe ;;";"C ;;;t hhu"ao"ic, icting as Tsnots asent; $ 4S -tlqtr igvads &gfg. So the &nr- l-i lrelti the counfu7 for cnJy 12 yoars. Ccartinuing the acco.:nt: nAfber a tbree-year siega of Rarvennar ggjrel ertrnal- dered.r' i:r Febr[arv af 4thqich narked.tbe e,nd of thE^@$-1t_i_"8{"1*r!$S: ;iE€" Ravenna, odovaCar sgrgnag5eat *" soor aft€t E[u\- itG-ye-a:r=.6'of-i!s& qr*itot d;;'i,y ;*";";i;: rtre €"T F?sdgf_L".'$F *_91BS*-*.FF n,"iii.ir's;-""" -v*JJ :-l:::.T: a." ps,aF*s: "i"*?_'l,"FtFg Ee$,lrff[:.ir*:12,6. *I* ffiT*'ue ;;;i;"i-6; ry*&;i'v"Eu"?y-"1_!h:-*1{1.*,lb:. lP SIF="l'iTj*_:* rnl*: ff*atg";ilql*sr6 v- il;'r{'*-c t M ntto'""".a. ile of 1beodorlcts Oslr"g"if.ff""uf* :.t the ldast. These are dates I* T+."flt,_to,:* ;t"a then in the prophecy chart. r*" good look, be nomber. lt. l"rii";;-t;;; 'bhis " fEniLlar vitb then, dd nrhy the BtbLe nentiqrs in P{A}ecyl l'b "le to un- "uu ttr"ls tolll derstard that l&ee LirXgg !Sea11 uere the cnes -Lblb Sgrtinued &Sgg C s'ovenulent. HenrU. ald 0stroq'otls? Uho ibre -9he Vandals- Non, vhat are bbe oriEins of these three pecpler? of the ancient GerrnFn klngs Ibe Vendals dcscend fron.@1]g!gq $ e"^tgg l}e ,ar.rrl on*or Eof.n be,hao€t ;lrljl:in {,rrrirtbls*rfs >E'Detsellsetselrse. then.vsvst ffiAssvrlmASSVftm at least ln tbe naJor part of ad uarlduanLct appearSppear'Thur" to Thg Ve- G oay ir""" bea other3 llke the Alas riro ca'e anaag tlFNtr dJre"to"n. lirqFd* tuBS, r; thgt -Fggpr GeqrmJri-c € leglg. ycn pags of voltru'e ,lbe &n:rrt r,ere Eebreus of the }ine of Jokta. If cbeck 18 tvo of the Ccrqpeidfil; *ilt aiu"cmer tbat EE"la is me of the mclm't Gersm n*res of *" oittru sms of lrikug1 (Cen. fO?9l...lh"l.yotr.see tbe Eebrsnvqr EliL3Eqrite g"rrp it, tut Eoeri.l corld be ncne other thqr the an'cestor of the r+cu]-dnrt lte Varda}s }€re Ger:ng1lc, ths i{enr1i. :lu g;!['G"e !b"Ie{*" g. Le}n"q P99P1e. of fle:rali ,,ere lieU:ff ;slA-t6 oEfrEf iFffistern Got'hs, the chtldran Srtber i,ien: 10:23)1 the scn of AF€q antl hence Aranaic' itself, of cosser.u?s beavi.Jy-ch-aldean. Eebrev or cbaldaan are lnter- Italy d,escsadod frm Eeber as dLetinct changeable teraas. rf ycu ,rat io itjri-"f firen as also CbaLdesr (C'en' 11212-17)' Is- fr,=r Arpbexad then tliey arc look this sense,"""*"::y-g"t""tr.*9 a"sffi"its oi-lrptracad esrd hence cbaldeears tut to raelites are, in the Land of the at it this Lq. ls a ccnrplote ni.sr:.se of tbs tem: abrahan cme from alL id,entfty G[l;1a-*a t" thcgght o! as- st'rict\y a Eebrer (C€o' Cbaldees Lrrt lefb of pecple flor uhich 1l+;13\t ard tha chorauu" he tlrt behind rnre just arother type $e faier Cbaldeen stoek descended. the lbole story tn! in Classical Llt. lp nsy hare a chaass No:r I vcnrt tell !q"" rtatry scoe of th@ to read r,hat happenla io ilr" Ib;ii:' ut"r they uer"e defeated ln i"Ji. eagt, U.l . signl'flcant porticn uent aL[ the steyed vithin t[6 ncnan @tre nthfleoe ts tbo r.rry back thrcngh Gernary, U:r*gb u"tto,"rkr'to Snrle. tr'lhere tJ lrat g'11 qulstiert It 1s rrncLear r"'hether tte'lr uent the r.rry to fggfgF$ m m\y !.o &F- , d&gdg-hrt they flnally ended up ln cne of thoe aroas. t{ho hnous trhat t}tey nea't @e at thaf tfue-U$ggotlrulg rneeiing thE fsrthemost .$g$. Smeti:nes thay tlink it nresre ScendfuaE. TEat may be the cass. f ha're no proof tJrat lt tlctlal b€ Ic.olend-f have no archaoologicaL proof of itr I think itls m<;re ltkely it uag Scsr- dlnavia ancl frora there sorno trrot m to lcc1srd. hrt the tdtk of the llenrli eiglrr- dfy ;"* lrcaa tLo na1ff(r"rith other llolnor.r pooples r*ro vore living aro:nd thor).
372 llcld Eistory ot 3-769 Rcmgq tu-lPrs Not Itdj.ol I f,qr notl.ca the bottm of co}rm, trro cn pags 1351 Jhrstinl.a ccreE to poer la P'/ ad be relgns uat1l 565. So thls narks the beginnlng 9f the EEpfu€ sf tqstln{6 r&o rarks the llggg restcratlcn of the lBrlm revlYal.e of tle Rcmna @q!. ^&e tzg g-1s vbEE ccnes to porer tn the Ssgt-grst tako note-_of Lt. Tbe dstallt Lf UF?lgp are tabo up begtanhg tt{h pagp 186 ta Langer. _t&qt-ls lnpcrta't r bcnt tbe aib Sn ls tbat r.n nlll nor dlscsv€r g glg5 ggvtval ol t&e &9!. Bef6'e gohg oa u6 sbculd nots tbat g8ry tolf;tf of tbe later Rona. pqfre mre ltraclas, dlytlas, Sdqd-eggE F9 g II3FF I r epp-1sa Eg1gbot F" nad" tbinar$ etrd| o? tt tnt ffive-not ssen a }lst or & mt}lne LLlustrat{ng thle;" I anppo-e ue a-cnrld use langer od drav up a }[st of t&e Bcma Eqnrca sbon- l.ug theLr backgrornd,.
Al;1ggg g11 !b9 EqLg nrler! gI lbg_Bcq-sr Eq*lrc. begtunfrg rdth tbe_lbi .€lhtXI r.o.,G-'lF:trrr-. gl lbe ner?r r"Sgtp lprg-sPe orFpr,rlecplol_ eg rlarloe br tE tw-tb.y urd )lving. actual-\vr_look bou laa-i#Gt@;rvee FuL !FlL place-tbat ;any@ irEE F Gr to create tbe arptry_tn-ffallored the sltu!- to"- tEFEreb oi the prob6T TnEl?lnarl.y they nere up tr tG pecple r&m tbey ruled olBr-Just roore of tbeul lbe beet baias Lu Italy rpr.e fleetng elsedem @y ry to flnd a better_Place to 11G. 1.6o mnted to 1lvs tn Bcue rdt&-tbe nob ca tbe dole ad vlevlag "ll_theee caazy clra1rses tbat nere going-tfl; cr t So tb Doet able Bmag left aril tb fresd r.ere taklag or€r. Italy rms no lcnger t'be cemter. ltatrg rfry ultLr "fr*"fV tle cente" 6f go*rnnent nae moyed to tbe East ad Ccagtmtlnople becoe tbe beadquarters"t of 356 llnFrlre. lbstera hrllre FPetersd Ortn t f,ov rpr].l take a look at the top of colum cne a page 136: llettber DlocletLa tbq amy non dfd a1y of his srce€ssas stcp -the d?gry that bad attached g4Jre_. lte U"""r. ucrl ad ncre barbarlaa. r$re actlle de$n* ms entnrst'ed to barbarl.g mr- canarles r.rnder thelr porrerful chlefs, r&o care to dmlnate tbe gtate.n ilarst llsn notlce the aert statensnt ccatalalag a ffpr€gslcn f Llk€ w4f urcbl tbe eqtre l11 the rpst dld oot fa]1 : & o"!pr"d ggln t It Just eort of coll{p*d.-' ltttila by ]Lttle bY llttIe lfter arl- tbe Tadals rpre alroa{y rn l{et'h 'lfrica ln 4zg-tfirch ls al!o$ bslf *a"y-(;birlfy 4? yearE) befor.e ncnB fe:tl lnd Neth &rtcs bd al-ready fallot see?" S-aix nas collapsCagr sld so ql. Xos aotloe the nst etatanat here cn pagp 136 abort the otber of- the }!{ tLrea trr"6;-to*.-z)i- .b gg Cgg! th" &eek garlr_ua{rtalaed ttself'- at rm-tll"rplpr-!a iihe oorqrrgs! q. cT"tq"tr+ale the ornp aii-*"y gr.eat'arO S'rffirE-l-o.er, F (lt'531" aadera t! 1204 cnd tbe defintttve larr or tbe ctty lnto tbe bsrds of ihe t{rrtg {bg Ooal- of the .Catbo}tc CFrch Drere uas a decllao lrr art. VerT lLttle ls loorrr of tbe }ltsrahre of the dry. 15e cne arcepttoc sag th6 C,burdr: nActlrrc lntel.lsctual 1lfe. . .qllpearsd chlefly- l:o the Chrcb.n that l.s, thre flas nog a neu ldea that the Cbrchr ICn aaer_rruXd, be able to cmtrol ths Bhan er,f'tre ad tbat tbis tbole wrderful rystea ccnfd be ce lorted, and they r.rre golng to creats tbe ttcu€n rkpire into tbs Kinggctl of Godl t33 ilcnld ElstorY ot 7'r'69 So tbey had a goal, lbeir goal-tlr goal of the Chrcb,-1gg to rsa,ks .tlg n g4g Cathol-ls Cburch tretngr ycrr please, eplrS ghg I+"Sdg g!,ggg. -I?r"!ts re fl.nd the if i6FErE-![ Ace. -BA Jaylne ls that the Chucb triunpbgd cw€r pag-e Bm+-hrt iust tha rerersiis tnrel fre wcrld has yet to reallze tbis. he Ch:rcb" thc, ras conp1ttalv Bcrrsenized. Cmtjrrufug t/tth tbe naterial ca t'bls page: &e great lslrglcug rclterg are jnciu 3V tJorld ltl.story ot Y/TO 9 I'lme Abqrt-t'be .Tardals lon, hrnxlng to page 159, rn take s cLoeer look at the Ymdalg--rTbe Vadal fflg- dcn tn Ait-lcat $ eilin-!" Ele"ter dgtalt bere (rorddle of cohr.ur ae). llotdce torErli tbe bottoa ot tbe i"e" r ;I"EIA ffiadafs spared nobody ad notih:ng md t&" /n""t tqugty rnade rrtth tbe Rcnes rlas as 1'sst1aint,. After t'he arrlval of a fleet fro G,cr- Fao-lraopfer g Egggg lgraty vae nde. Rrdogla, darglter of Talent{nr* lfug aeercgTt rr"s Uetrslbgd-lqgglg@ scn, Elner|c, a1d tbe Vadals r€el.ned, nost of tb ncrlrlr e:ceaF regicn abcn'rt Carthage.n Gl[ory--- IIie ilog.c€-g ngEEj.ggg ccntract llnked tle tro, tbe Yardals uitb ncns t Take apeeta,l note of t&e n^striase becanse this ras the @!g of the reLaticnshlp between the trm. lbecdonic md the Ostroeotbe Ibe naterlal o: tbls page cmtlores rrlth tbe Ostroqoths od thelr leader, Ihgg. columEo3 Tfreodorlc uas the o3y mber of his pacple uho uas a Bma cltizor; ccagtitr:ttarally tbe otbers uere aLlen soldlerg tn tbe serYle of the mpLre. llo Item vas in nrllXar?r cmod, no Oetrogoth in the cir'll servics.n - Eo{eyp_r. take note of the next statemts: "@1gI leelslFtton srg colaaee cot:ffiFfn other uolda, t&e Egg larlE gE! norer ccntlsued ln ue€l l{ote tbat tbEodorlcrs flawst r6re aothr'g uore tba cilard.fisatiqas of lgngflit legLs1atlcr.r So here Lg cLear evLdsnc€ that tb Ostrogotbe under TheodeLc ccnstlhrt€ $1 thirat bom -of Bl-bllcal prcpbery since they ccntd-nued ad rsa$alned the Bma svstepl HW lbe-Catboltcrs Eteraipqled tbg HgFrltt iloat people haw nenBr heard tbe par.t the Catbo}lc Chrrcb playel lo-thg etccy. &e yryldaLir ti fcrtl Afllca rore Ar{T; !h9 Catbo}lcs ln tha regl-cn hated tba bc- cauee of tJrls I The Catboli.cs in ffid'afrlca (as nay books d.i1 t'eiiEr):Ggdf ffiffiffi Fffitfru*Llll*". #.'Hfrile tbe'Catbolic Chuch l-u-thb&&ffid&{tfi"s"iHi; nook ot Danie.l ls looked upcn as Ig.gESlEIg fc. t&:Lgt Se llttle bom tbat rose up-the Catbollc Cbr:rcb-sas tbe lnstlhtlca tiat ask€d for thls, rlas!&, real czuse fcr tbe trooge of the eastsm epbe colng to tbe ltsst to renole tbe Vsrdals. S hoou tbat tbe Catbollcs aleo did the eane th{ng dtn tbB Ostrogotbg b ltalf tbat tbey be renorsd. tbe represantattvg of lbe Blshop at llm !d^ goe eart -asbdto gee tbe eparcr.-nort-f;1; H@,ce t&e recoquegt IldJ ard t&e resteatlo of tb Rrea ep11." ,13a"" .toa"" &e g€n€rals,"{ Belirius acd later tarsas (Pp. 160, 186). lbat has Berrer beea rmderstood ls tbe part tAe CatholLc Chrrcb pleged rd.tb !e- abcn! fe lcng tLre. lh- tpect to tbe orerthron ol tbe @!!. -I lo"y.nothlag !t -a ainta used to ask re, rfelJ, Uffd-o-rp hov tbat tbe Catbollc Chrcb uac lastlnrsotal la thts prt of hlstoc7?' Se story ls fcrmd la a reoat\y pr,rbl+sbed book ngry- l.n paperbackr lhe lana+lca s! Brroe bx 1!g BarEFrla'e ry J. B. hry (non lork 1%6) r pp. 18&185. Ihe atcry -€--as Iffi tFere Tg-tlulir &e 0strogotba ccn*ld not defeat tbe lbnrlll $, r&at br1l- pened ras that tbs Gatbollcs in ltsly all got tqcther, tbsy srd thelr leadera, ail they cosplr€d to nork qrt at agro€Eint dtA tbe Hslull-a sct of trllve od lat lLw agreoat.! Ai thts point tba Catbo.l.ics errgt*d tbe Eeru}l. to have, ycrr hoq \'* 335 Horld Hlstory of 3-*7O fo' free nowme6,t. Aad q I psrtlorlsr rp€k-€nd-I tbfuk Lt rme a $.urdeg, tisn the flenrlJ' lere dolng thelr religicus observan@s od ss 6p-&ll the Cathollcs i.n ltaly ag !rdl- vidgals did 1fiat the Arlao Ostrogoths cculd not dol l&ea the Herrrtlsngl guard lras dcnn, due to tbe fact that thoy had nade thls trrce of nrtual coeodst,enf, d+ IFE Cathir]lS$ i:r -IklE-€"€ry fandly fsnqy lfierev€r there uas a Henr1l i.u tb€ neigbbor.. 6@s g e ggn:r4 gE5! uitclftea-tFeqll l&at the arng canLd aot do' thry tet ttri-Tffi::ans AoI-Ea thls ls rfrat destroyed tbe Henrll. f an glrre nost tristorias haw nevBr heard. tbls accurnt. hrt, yor hon, 1€ wnrlil never fatl for CatholLcts l:r tbls cct:nhif if leders la tbe nati.m,, re$g1cns end po' Ii$.caL. !€re to te]-l the tnrth-and lf the scboo:Ls rrre to ts]-l the tmtb-abcnt urlui thi,_t churc! has dcne I l&y it ls dnmk rdth the blood of tbe 3ninls ad gag@gt Jus-tirrl€B .Rest-or€s tbe ful'qg ltr 3& What Constitutee A Resurrection of the Roman Empirg? In etudying the historical fulfillments of the various resur- rections of the Soman eystem, it is important to bear several basic principles in mind. Not every governmental eystem aristng in Italy after 4?6 A. D. is of necessity a resufrection of the Empire. Nor is collaboration'with the pope a deciding factor. A resurrection of the Empire is a combination of verious factors, paramount among which must be a desire by the regurging power to lmitate the Roman syetem and to actually look on itaelf as either a continuation or a revival of actually minted coins with the Rome. Charlemagne, for exampleil inscription tt$mpire Restored, which leaves no doubt as to what he thought. The game, however, cannot be said for all the national states that lmerged after the demiee of the original Rome. The Vandals, on the eurface, would appear more as enernies of Rome tle.n ag a revirral of the syetem. They even saeked Rome itself (455 A. D. ), and never eet up a kiagdom anywbere in ltaly. On top of that, the Vandal kingdom utas established in 429 A. D. , long before the fall of the Empire (4?6 A. D. ). How then could the Vandals be classed as a revival of aacient Rome ? First of all, the attacks of the Vandals agalast Rome are not all that important in this discuseion. Satan ie divided against hi.mself (Matt. L2:261. Should we expect, then, harmony in his Bystem? The Vandals appeared on tbe scene as enemles of Rome, true. But look what happened. In 429 they crossed over into North Afri.ca and there, in what had previouely been on of the wealthiest provinces of the Empire, they established an independent state. This state mnde a compact with 8ome, and--most i.mportant of all--it eet up its own government on the basis of the Roman system. In that regard it was an independent continuation of the Roman waY of life. Now the question is, if the Vandale were a resurrection of the Romaa Empire, then why not also tbe Visigothe, who set up a kingdom in Spain at about the same time? Elere is the difference. The Vandal kingdom $ras a completely independent state, but set up along Roman The Visi.goths, however, were incorporated by'the Eoman Empire fines. ttA as foederati--confederates. Gothic gtate was created gllhio the Boman staiffier, &Encyclopedia of World Hieto[, fourth-edition, P. 158). The Visigoths aOministered Southern France and Spain on be43lf of the Eqrpire, and by the Emperorts exPrees requeet. Ia this regard the lTffiIns were a part of the original Empire, not a resurrectlon of it. The Vandals, however, were independent. But what about the fact that the Vanda1 gtate wae eetablished (4Zg A. D. ) long before Rome ever fell (4?6 A. D. )? Juet thie: the Vandals, \ sq -2- to aurvlve for maoy years after although-lteeU e8tabll8bed before, conti.nued Rome had lrllen. The powerI of the Vendels, Heruli and Ostro- goths were all indepg.ndent etates that contFo"9 to pefpe=tg+lq the figlnan \'- Iystem after tn@e iteeu hed collapsed. Ia this way the ffiia-n definitely were a reeurrection of Rome' The Lombards n€ver qualified as a resurrection of the Roman eystem. Even tfnugh they innaded ltaly, their kingdom $ever tried to imitate ancient Rome. Nor did tbey look on theogelves as either a revival or a continuation of Rome. They did not have Rome as their captial. They never entered into any kind of a compact s'tth the Empire (Gnger, p. ie*), --in fact they were iust g ftingdom, leter Catholic, whicb happened to be establiehed in ltaty. But Cetholicism ie no factor for qualifying es a resurrectioo of the Emplre. If it were, then England would have been a prime candidate, shich ie uathhkable. The Lombards never were a revival of Rome. Durtng the Middle Ages there were -nBX klngs wtro entered into compacts wtttr the paPacy. For instance, . the French Charles of Anjou rnade an unsucceesful bld for the imperiral crown in 12?3. But ooi who mekee a deel with the Pope qnalifies as Holy Soman Emperoi,""utyone Charles lost the bid, aqd the tmperial crowa went to ttre German tlapburge, who held it tUl 1806' What about Garibaldi and the uoiting of ltaly? It is true that get wlth the pope--but neither did many previous \ Garibsldi dtd not along leaders of the revivals of Rome, lacluding Napolegn. Io Garibaldirs case, the pope plainry etood in tbe way of a completely reunited ltaly. The nation waa finatly reunited in 18?1, wlth Rome ae ite capital. How- a RoPp ever, the one thing that guali{ied gg 39 levi=val gi^ Y?t li+opE tttu as such. In 1936, after the defeat @1-III aseumed the title of Emperor and "trgthlopitMussolini proclaimed that this *eg "the Empire reetored. " At the end of World War II, after the fall of Mussolini, however, Italy formally renounced any claime to being an empire. That regurrection of the Roman system ls therefore once sgain dead. AII we have at the pre- eent ie the ffepublic of ltaly, which makes no pretensions about being a resurrected Rome. It remains for another government to arise which will actua_lly claim thst it lg a rebirth of !E Roraan Empire. In conclusion, here tg a gummery, ln greater detail, of the 6even resurrections of the Eoman Empire: Restorations Dates 1. Juetlnlants Restotation 554-586 337 -3- 3. Carolinglaae 800-924 Begun bY Charlemagne and rnalntsined by hig descen- dants. By 93i1, hosever, there vas no one left to clairrr the imPerisl crom 3. Ottoniaas, Sallans end ltrohen- 962-1250 4 staufen Begun bY Otto I, the EmPlre continued on through succeesive German rcYal hotiees without lnterruPtion. It ended ir 1260, ffi 3il1ffJ ::"',ff i l'fi i,, . 4" "1h 1273- 1806 rurer n:tf,iij"T:*'nent 5. Napoleon 1804-1814 (1815) E' 1871-1e43 ffitl?ii;?Yff"'"''*-"ooer rrr agsumed the title of EmPeror of Ethiopia aad the ltalien state was acclaimed as a restored EaPire' 1. Final Revival These figuree give, as near es can be determined, the actual dates of durati.on for the tarious revivals of the Roman Empire. Gunar Freibergs April 21, 1971 l _ \,; 3//