Rehabilitation After Hemipelvectomy
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The University of Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Journal 14: 61–69, 2001 © 2001 The University of Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Journal Rehabilitation after Hemipelvectomy 1 2 KEITH M. ROBINSON, M.D., RICHARD D. LACKMAN, M.D., AND RAKESH DONTHINENI-RAO, M.D. Abstract: This article presents two clinical cases of women ages The surgical resection encompassed resection of the left 34 and 76, both of whom required internal hemipelvectomy to sacroiliac joint and the left innominate bone including the resect malignant bone tumors. Their clinical courses were radically pubis, acetabulum, and ischium. The final pathology was different representing the extremes of uncomplicated and compli- cated clinical courses in patients undergoing major pelvic resec- Grade 2 chondrosarcoma with clean bone and soft tissue tions. These cases illustrate relevant and important issues that must margins. Intraoperatively, SS required transfusion with two be considered during rehabilitation, specifically, deconditioning, units of packed red blood cells to compensate for blood loss. pain control, altered gait mechanics, altered sexual functioning, Postoperatively, she required transfusion with another four and edema/lymphedema management. Collaboration between or- units of red blood cells, however the post-surgical course thopaedic surgery and rehabilitation medicine is essential to the successful treatment of these patients. otherwise was uncomplicated. Immediate post-surgical pain was controlled with epidural narcotic analgesia. Oral nar- cotic analgesia was initiated on the fourth post-surgical day. Introduction Thromboembolic prophylaxis with coumadin was initiated Rehabilitation after internal hemipelvectomy for resec- with the goal to maintain the international normalized ratio tion of malignant bone tumors represents an increasingly (INR) between 1.3 and 1.5. Rehabilitation medicine consul- common and necessary opportunity for clinical collabora- tation occurred on the third post-surgical day, at which point tion between orthopaedic surgery and rehabilitation medi- the neuromuscular exam demonstrated no unusual sensory cine. These patients present a particularly challenging array or motor deficits. SS was cleared to be out of bed into a of clinical issues including deconditioning, pain manage- bedside reclining chair on the fifth post-surgical day, and ment, altered gait mechanics, altered sexual functioning, moved from a critical care unit to a general orthopaedic and edema/lymphedema management. A MEDLINE search surgery unit on the sixth post-surgical day. Initial physical revealed no citations on this topic. A survey of the major therapy contact occurred on the eighth post-surgical day rehabilitation medicine journals revealed no isolated case with SS being cleared for ambulation, non-weight-bearing studies. Thus, it becomes essential to report case studies as on the left lower limb: SS required 50% assistance for out of is done here, as an initial step in expanding our collaborative bed transfers and 25% assistance to ambulate with a walker clinical knowledge base in the area of orthopaedic cancer for five feet. She was admitted to the inpatient rehabilitation rehabilitation. program on the tenth post-surgical day where her stay was uneventful. Antibiotics were started postoperatively for in- fectious prophylaxis of the wound, and these were contin- Case Study #1 ued until the wound stopped draining serosanguinous fluid SS is a 34-year-old healthy female who had a left internal on the tenth rehabilitation (twentieth post-surgical) day. She hemipelvectomy to resect a left acetabular chondrosarcoma. progressed to toe touch weightbearing at this point, and She experienced left hip pain during ambulation for ap- incrementally progressed in her basic mobility skills to the proximately one year prior to the surgical procedure. Three level of independence in all transfers and in ambulation with months prior to surgery, diagnostic investigation with mag- axillary crutches, with adequate gait velocity, for 150 feet netic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left pelvic mass. on level surfaces, and on one flight of stairs. This occurred Multi-organ investigation, including mammography and during a seventeen-day inpatient rehabilitation stay. chest radiography, was unrevealing for metastases, and a A psychiatry consultant followed the patient from the end diagnostic biopsy confirmed a chondrosarcoma. During the of the stay in the critical care unit through discharge from two months prior to surgery, ambulation became progres- rehabilitation for an appropriate emotional adjustment reac- sively painful and severely limited (Fig. 1). tion and for advice about medications to regulate the sleep- wake cycles. Pain was adequately controlled during the re- habilitation stay using oral oxycodone, particularly with From the 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Pennsyl- pre-medication before the therapy sessions. Ambulation tri- 2 vania, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylva- als and therapies initially were problematic because of poor nia, Philadelphia, PA. Address correspondence to: Keith M. Robinson, M.D., Division Director, voluntary motor control when attempting to elevate and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, 801 advance proximal muscles in the left leg during the swing Spruce Street, Third Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107. phase of gait, and because of expected post-surgical length- 61 62 ROBINSON AND LACKMAN sorize this wheelchair. The patient also required a bedside commode for overnight toileting and a shower chair for safe bathing. Her health insurance policy did not cover home services, thus outpatient physical therapy was prescribed three times weekly to continue aggressive strengthening, reconditioning, gait, and balance training with unilateral as- sistive devices. Six weeks after discharge from rehabilitation, the patient no longer required a wheelchair for long distance commu- nity ambulation. She was ambulating with crutches in the community and used a quad cane for household ambulation. With further healing of the surgical site concomitantly with more ambulation, the initially longer left leg progressively became two inches shorter than the intact right leg, requir- ing a compensatory external lift on the right shoe. She was able to drive an automatic car but not a small pick-up truck with a standard transmission, and started a sedentary part- time summer job at 20 hours weekly. This allowed continu- ation of outpatient physical therapy and a self-directed ex- ercise program at a local fitness center. Thirteen weeks after surgery, she resumed full-time doctoral level professional training. She missed no school whatsoever given the timing of surgery, rehabilitation, and recovery during the summer vacation period. To support prolonged sitting in lectures at school and while studying, a ROHO cushion was prescribed to be used in a variety of seating situations. An ergonomi- cally individualized orthotic desk chair also was prescribed. Physical therapy progressed to the point that she was cleared to participate in conservative equestrian activities as the patient was an expert horseback rider prior to surgery. She is currently able to canter on horseback without restric- tions. The patient was cleared to participate in all sexual activi- ties with her long-term partner, despite initial hesitance. Fig. 1. Case Study #1: presurgical (Figure 1A) and postsurgical Subsequently, a physical therapist with expertise in pelvic (Figure 1B) magnetic resonance imaging. Figure 1A (top) shows a floor function provided practical biomechanical advice for solitary chondrosarcoma of the left acetabulum with internal lobu- re-engaging in sexual intercourse and other sexual activi- lations, measuring 4.5 × 3.7 × 3.8 cm and extending to involve the ties. She is now fully active sexually noting only minor entire left acetabulum in its anterior and posterior dimensions. discomfort during specific sexual positions. She continues Figure 1B (bottom) reveals that the patient is status post removal of the left hemipelvis and left proximal femoral head and neck. to be followed every three months by rehabilitation medi- cine collaboratively with orthopaedic surgery. Future issues to be considered are an appropriate choice of moderately ening of the limb by two inches. A one and three-quarter sedentary employment given realistic post-surgical changes inch lift initially was placed externally on the shoe of the in activity tolerance, and the use of a hip stabilizing orthosis right foot to facilitate a gravity controlled swing on the left, for more physically demanding work and for horseback rid- and until the left limb proximal muscles could be strength- ing. ened to initiate swing despite a lack of “bony anchor.” With progressive ambulation, left lower limb swelling increased, Case Study #2 however, venous doppler studies were negative. Thigh-high support stockings adequately controlled lower limb edema. RC was a 76-year-old woman who had a right internal On the sixteenth rehabilitation day, the surgical staples were hemipelvectomy to resect an extensive osteosarcoma. Her removed. past medical history was remarkable for a carcinoma of the Durable medical equipment requirements to support safe cervix 25 years prior which had been treated with hyster- and independent life at home included the rental of a manual ectomy and external beam radiation. Complications of the wheelchair for long distance community ambulation. Be- radiation