DOCSLIB.ORG

Pdf Volume 14 (2019)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pdf Volume 14 (2019) LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ART SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF LATVIA UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES VOLUME 14 NUMBER 14 ISSN 2255-8632 print Scientific Journal of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Landscape Architecture and Art, Volume 14, Number 14 ISSN 2255-8640 online DOI: https://doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF LATVIA UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ART VOLUME 14 NUMBER 14 JELGAVA 2019 EDITOR IN CHIEF Aija Ziemeļniece, Dr. arch., Professor, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia EDITORIAL BOARD Uģis Bratuškins, Dr. arch., Professor, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia Maria Ignatieva, Dr. phil., Professor, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Karsten Jorgensen, Dr. scient., Professor, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway Jānis Krastiņš, Dr. habil. arch., Professor, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia Juhan Maiste, Dr. art., Professor, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Eglė Navickienė, Dr. arch., Assoc. Professor, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania Elke Mertens, Professor, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Neubrandenburg, Germany Gintaras Stauskis, Ph.D. arch., Assoc. Professor, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania Ojārs Spārītis, Dr. habil. art., Professor, Art Academy of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Sandra Treija, Dr. arch., Professor, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia Daiga Skujāne, Dr. arch., Professor, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia Natalija Ņitavska, Dr. arch., Professor, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia SECRETARY AND LAYOUT DESIGNER Una Īle, Dr. arch., Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia TECHNICAL TEXT EDITOR Renāte Čaupale, Ph.D. in Architectural History, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia ADDRESS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD Faculty of Environment and Civil Engineering Department of Landscape Architecture and Planning Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies 22 Riga street, Valdeka palace, Jelgava, Latvia, LV–3004 Phone: + 371 29185575 E–mail: [email protected] Abstracted and indexed* SCOPUS (indexed since 2016); Web of Science ™, Clarivate Analytics (indexed since 2016); AGRIS; CABI PUBLISHING CAB ABSTRACTS; EBSCO Art Source (*) – Attention! The data bases select the articles from the proceedings for including them in their data bases after individual qualitative examination. All scientific paper was reviewed by two independent reviewers. Every author is responsible for the quality and the information of his article. Read our scientific journal in on-line: http://llufb.llu.lv/Raksti/Landscape_Architecture_Art/ http://llufb.llu.lv/db.html?i=llu_izd_arz.html http://www.le-notre.org/public_lni/news_show_details.php?news_id=514 https://scholar.google.lv/scholar?q=%22Landscape+architecture+and+art%22+latvia&btnG=&hl=lv&as_sdt=0%2C5 http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/record/3000059529403?classification- cerif=T000&count=1000&locale=uk&link-level=DIGITAL_OBJECT&collection-id=a0163 Scientific journal cover photo: from Aija Ziemeļniece private archive © LATVIA UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, 2019 2 Scientific Journal of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Landscape Architecture and Art, Volume 14, Number 14 INTRODUCTION PRIEKŠVĀRDS The 14th volume of the scientific collection Zinātnisko rakstu krājuma 14. sējums aptver of articles covers a multifaceted spectrum daudzšķautnainu pētījumu spektru no viduslaiku of research from the spatial development of pilsētu telpiskās attīstības līdz 21. gs. atkritumu medieval cities up to the issues of waste apsaimniekošanas problemātikas jautājumiem management in the cultural landscape of the kultūrainavā. Kā viens no svarīgākajiem ir 21st century. One of the most important is the pētījums par pilsētu zaļo stādījumu estētiski research regarding aesthetics and composition of kompozicionāliem risinājumiem, kas atspoguļo urban greenery that reflects the regional nature of vietas reģionālo raksturu. Augu dendroloģiskās the site. The dendrological features of plants are also īpatnības ir izmantojamas arī memoriālo useful in the creation of memorial parks, parku izveidē, simboliski pastiprinot piemiņas symbolically reinforcing the importance of the vietas nozīmīgumu, ko labi pierāda jaunākie memorial site, as evidenced by recent research in pētījumi Ukrainā. Harmoniski sabalansēta koku un Ukraine. The harmoniously balanced compositional krūmu stādījumu kompozicionālā uzbūve īpaši structure of tree and shrub plantations is particularly nozīmīga ir rehabilitācijas dārzos un parkos, important in rehabilitation gardens and parks, neaizmirstot par ziedputekšņu un smaržu alerģisko not forgetting the allergic effects of pollen and odor ietekmi uz slimniekiem. Savukārt, pētījums par on the patients. In turn, the research on the 20. gs. 50.–70. g. daudzstāvu dzīvojamo kvartālu construction of multi-story residential blocks in the būvniecību un iekšpagalmu izveidi Rīgā, 50s–70s of the 20th century and the creation of inner apkopo aptaujas rezultātus par estētisko kvalitāti, courtyards in Riga, summarizes the results of the ko veido kvartālos esošās “zaļās dominantes”. survey on the aesthetic quality of the Latvijas Kurzemes piekrastes ainavas identitātes “green landmark” in the blocks. The study of the izpēte aplūko PSRS militārās agresijas sekas pēckara identity of the Kurzeme coastal landscape in gados, kas ir nesis reģionālā ainavā gan Latvia examines the consequences of the military negatīvus, gan pozitīvus transformācijas procesus. aggression of the USSR in the post-war years, Minētie pētījumi ir saistāmi ar starpdisciplinaritātes which have brought both negative and positive jautājumiem, saskaroties ainavtelpas un transformation processes to the regional landscape. socioloģijas aktualitātēm, kas dod ierosmi tās iekļaut The above research is related to interdisciplinary akadēmiskajā studiju procesā. Otra krājumā issues, facing the topicalities of landscape space and ietvertā sadaļa ir kultūrvēsturisko pētījumu sociology, which give an incentive to include them apkopojums. Viens no tiem – katoļu katedrāles tipa in the academic study process. The second section in attīstība Baltijas jūras dienvidu piekrastē the collection of articles comprises cultural and 13.–14.gs. un tās arhitektonisko risinājumu historical research, including the development salīdzinājums ar Rietumeiropas katoļu katedrālēm. of the Catholic cathedral type on the southern Jau 12. gadsimtā baltu un somu-ugru zemēs ienestā coast of the Baltic Sea in the 13th–14th centuries katoļu katedrāļu būvniecība ietekmēja vietējās and a comparison of its architectural solutions celtniecības tradīcijas. Kultūrvēsturisko vērtību with Catholic cathedrals of Western Europe. saglabāšanas un aizsardzības kritēriji ir apkopoti Already in the 12th century, the construction of Polijas pētnieku darbā, ietverot salīdzinājumus ar Catholic cathedrals in the Baltic and Finno – Ugric ICOMOS un UNESCO prasībām. lands influenced local building traditions. The criteria for the preservation and protection of cultural and historical values are summarized in the work of Polish researchers, including comparisons with ICOMOS and UNESCO requirements. Aija Ziemeļniece Editor in Chief 3 Scientific Journal of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Landscape Architecture and Art, Volume 14, Number 14 4 Scientific Journal of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Landscape Architecture and Art, Volume 14, Number 14 CONTENTS Maija Veinberga, Daiga Skujāne, Pēteris Rivža The impact of landscape aesthetic and ecological qualities on public preference of planting types in urban green spaces ............................................................ 7 DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.01 Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa Original historical spatial development research methodology on the example of the town of Skawina in Lesser Poland ................................................................. 18 DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.02 Silvija Ozola The Development of the Catholic Cathedral Building-type at Bishoprics’ Towns on the Baltic Sea Southern Coast during the 13th – 14th Centuries ................................................... 24 DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.03 Silvija Ozola The Evolution of Cathedral Planning on the Baltic Sea Southern Coast during the 13th – 14th Centuries in Context of European Building Traditions ................................. 45 DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.04 Natalija Ņitavska, Monta Siliņa The identity of military heritage areas of the coast of Kurzeme ...................................................... 59 DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.05 Aija Ziemeļniece, Linda Balode The transformation of the cultural landscape of Latvian rehabilitation gardens and parks .......... 67 DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.06 Nadiia Oleksiichenko, Nadiia Gatalska, Mariana Mavko, Oleksandr Ostapchuk The role of woody plants in the formation of figurative and symbolic structure of memorial parks .......................................................................................... 78 DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.07 Agnese Sofija Kusmane Magnetic Places in Riga Soviet Residential Areas ............................................................................ 89 DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.08
Load more

Recommended publications
  • February 12, 1992 Prepared By: Clyde Hertzman MD
    OM TRIP REPORT ON ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH IN THE BALTIC COUNTRIES January 11 - February 12, 1992 Prepared by: Clyde Hertzman MD, MSc, FRCPC WORLD ENVIRONMENT CENTER 419 Park Avenue South, Suite 1800 New York, NY 10016 May 1992 DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed herein are the professional opinions of the author and do not represent the official position of the Government of the United States or the World Environment Center. Environment and Health in the Faltic Countries by Clyde Hertzman MD, MSc, FRCPC My investigations into environmental health conditions in Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia were the first I conducted in republics of the former Soviet Union. In comparison to Poland. Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria (herein, the non-Soviet republics or Central Europe) which 1previously investigated, they were notable for a general lack of useful data on the human health impact of environmental pollution. This difference could not be attributed to an absence of public health agencies similar to those found in the non- Soviet republics since, in a superficial sense, the institutional structures are quite similar all across Central and Eastern Europe. However, the Baltic republics seemed to have additional obstacles to the effective evaluation of environmental health problems not encountered in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria. In the Baltics, the agencies responsible for environmental measurement and public health investigation tended to have stronger reporting relationships with Moscow than with each other. This lead to alow degree of inter-agency co-operation and made the agencies susceptible to manipulation according to interests which conflicted with their (theoretical) mandate to protect the public's health.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    35846 v 1 Public Disclosure Authorized Assessing Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations Financing Higher Education Controlling Health Care Expenditures Managing Fiscal Risks in Public-Private Partnerships Public Disclosure Authorized VOLUME I: MAIN REPORT VOLUME II: COUNTRY CASE STUDIES (CD) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Contents FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Daniela Gressani CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................................................................................ 9 CONFERENCE AGENDA ...................................................................................................................... 10 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Thomas Laursen I. FISCAL CHALLENGES FOR THE EU8 COUNTRIES ......................................................................... 27 Paulina Bucon and Emilia Skrok 1. FISCAL DEVELOPMENTS 1995-2004 ........................................................................................ 27 2. MEDIUM-LONG TERM FISCAL PROSPECTS ............................................................................... 43 3. QUALITY OF FISCAL POLICY ..................................................................................................... 46 II. INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Health Systems in Transition
    61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 1 03/03/2020 09:55 Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Vol. Health Systems in Transition Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Health Systems in Transition: in Transition: Health Systems C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Latvia Latvia Health system review Daiga Behmane Alina Dudele Anita Villerusa Janis Misins The Observatory is a partnership, hosted by WHO/Europe, which includes other international organizations (the European Commission, the World Bank); national and regional governments (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Kristine Klavina Ireland, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the Veneto Region of Italy); other health system organizations (the French National Union of Health Insurance Funds (UNCAM), the Dzintars Mozgis Health Foundation); and academia (the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and the Giada Scarpetti London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)). The Observatory has a secretariat in Brussels and it has hubs in London at LSE and LSHTM) and at the Berlin University of Technology. HiTs are in-depth profiles of health systems and policies, produced using a standardized approach that allows comparison across countries. They provide facts, figures and analysis and highlight reform initiatives in progress. Print ISSN 1817-6119 Web ISSN 1817-6127 61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 2 03/03/2020 09:55 Giada Scarpetti (Editor), and Ewout van Ginneken (Series editor) were responsible for this HiT Editorial Board Series editors Reinhard Busse, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Josep Figueras, European
    [Show full text]
  • At the Confluence of Art Nouveau and Ecclectic Early Modernism in Riga's
    ZDZISŁAWA TOŁŁOCZKO* AT THE CONFLUENCE OF ART NOUVEAU AND ECCLECTIC EARLY MODERNISM IN RIGA’S METROPOLITAN ARCHITECTURE U ZBIEGU ART NOUVEAU I EKLEKTYCZNEGO WCZESNEGO MODERNIZMU W ARCHITEKTURZE METROPOLITALNEJ RYGI Abstract The aim of this paper was to draw attention to the coincidence of streets intersections ending, in general, in corner buildings making up typical and picturesque parts of the townscape of the 19th c. European cities, including the central quarter of Riga. This type of town-planning establishments perfectly compose with the art and aesthetics of Art Nouveau in Riga. An additional and very important component of the town- planning-architectonic solutions is the decorative finial of the corner houses (not only inJugendstil , but also the Latvian national romanticism) creating a harmonious composition in respect of art and town-planning, ideally completing the townscape of this Baltic metropolis. Keywords: Latvia, Riga, Cracow, New York, London, Berlin, history of architecture and city-planning, Art Nouveau, Modern Art, Jugendstil, National Romanticism Streszczenie Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na koincydencję zbiegów ulic zakończonych na ogół wyraźnymi narożami, tworzącymi typowe, a jednocześnie malownicze, fragmenty krajobrazu dziewiętna- stowiecznych miast europejskich, w tym również śródmieścia Rygi. Tego rodzaju założenia urbanistyczne doskonale komponują się ze sztuką i estetyką Art Nouveau w Rydze. Dodatkową i jednocześnie niezwy- kle ważną komponentą rozwiązań urbanistyczno-architektonicznych są umieszczone na narożach ozdobne zwieńczenia (nie tylko w stylu Jugendstil’u, ale także łotewskiego narodowego romantyzmu) komponujące się wspólnie i harmonijnie pod względem artystycznym i urbanistycznym, uzupełniając znakomicie pejzaż tej nadbałtyckiej metropolii. Słowa kluczowe: Łotwa, Ryga, Kraków, Nowy Jork, Londyn, Berlin, historia architektury i urbanistyki, Art Nouveau, Modern Art, Jugendstil, Narodowy Romantyzm DOI: 10.4467/2353737XCT.15.154.4191 * Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Crusading, the Military Orders, and Sacred Landscapes in the Baltic, 13Th – 14Th Centuries ______
    TERRA MATRIS: CRUSADING, THE MILITARY ORDERS, AND SACRED LANDSCAPES IN THE BALTIC, 13TH – 14TH CENTURIES ____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the School of History, Archaeology and Religion Cardiff University ____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in History & Welsh History (2018) ____________________________________ by Gregory Leighton Abstract Crusading and the military orders have, at their roots, a strong focus on place, namely the Holy Land and the shrines associated with the life of Christ on Earth. Both concepts spread to other frontiers in Europe (notably Spain and the Baltic) in a very quick fashion. Therefore, this thesis investigates the ways that this focus on place and landscape changed over time, when crusading and the military orders emerged in the Baltic region, a land with no Christian holy places. Taking this fact as a point of departure, the following thesis focuses on the crusades to the Baltic Sea Region during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. It considers the role of the military orders in the region (primarily the Order of the Teutonic Knights), and how their participation in the conversion-led crusading missions there helped to shape a distinct perception of the Baltic region as a new sacred (i.e. Christian) landscape. Structured around four chapters, the thesis discusses the emergence of a new sacred landscape thematically. Following an overview of the military orders and the role of sacred landscpaes in their ideology, and an overview of the historiographical debates on the Baltic crusades, it addresses the paganism of the landscape in the written sources predating the crusades, in addition to the narrative, legal, and visual evidence of the crusade period (Chapter 1).
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Crusades. Episode 231. the Baltic Crusades. the Livonian Crusade Part XXVIII
    History of the Crusades. Episode 231. The Baltic Crusades. The Livonian Crusade Part XXVIII. The End of the Sword Brothers. Hello again. Last week we saw trouble brewing for the Sword Brothers. Forced to travel to Rome to defend themselves against allegations made by Baldwin of Alna, the Sword Brothers successfully defended the charges, but then faced a backlash from Pope Gregory IX, who decreed not only that Estonia be returned to the Danish Crown, but that the Sword Brothers owed King Valdemar II of Denmark a significant sum of money in compensation for removing Estonia from Danish hands. Pope Gregory also sent William of Modena, the Sword Brothers’ defender, to Scandinavia, effectively removing him from Estonia for the moment. So the Sword Brothers are in a bit of a pickle. Estonia was a vital source of income for the Order and now, not only had that source been taken away by Rome, the stipulation that the already financially stretched Order pay compensation to Denmark was a death blow. Although, it wasn’t actually. No, the death blow for the Sword Brothers is about to arrive not from Rome, but from the Lithuanians. Now, remember we saw last week that Master Volquin decided to invade Lithuania in an attempt to gain more land and income for his Order? Well, that turned out to be a really bad idea. Their first raid against the Lithuanians had been successful, but their next one wouldn’t be. In the year 1236 a contingent of crusaders arrived in Riga and their leaders, the Counts of Dunenburg and Haseldorf, were intent on bringing Christianity to the pagan Lithuanians.
    [Show full text]
  • Visits4u Itineraries: History and Heritage Route Riga, Latvia
    visits4u itineraries : History and Heritage Route Riga, Latvia visits4u is co-funded by the COSME Programme of the European Union Riga, Latvia: History and Heritage Route Description of the town Riga, capital of Latvia is located on the shore of Baltic Sea, on the creek of Daugava river and with almost 700,000 inhabitants and 18 different districts is the biggest metropolis in the Baltics. Riga was founded in 1201 and is a former Hanseatic League member. Riga's historical center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, noted for its Art Nouveau/Jugendstil architecture and 19th century wooden architecture. Over the centuries, the city has developed as a center for trade, transit and later became an industrial center. Riga is also known for being a green and blooming city – large and well- kept parks, romantic squares, beautiful gardens. Already since the 18 th century, Regan’s have taken great interest in the art of gardening, creating lush public parks and picturesque squares. Unhurried walks, colourful flowerbeds, leisurely sitting in benches or lawns in a park, bird songs and leaves rustling in the wind – this is Riga where city meets Nature. Landscape of Old Riga featuring Dome Cathedral in the center www.visits4u.eu Project No: 699484 | Call: COS – TOUR – 2015 – 3 – 04 – 1 Page 1 The content of this document represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility; it cannot be considered to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or the Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises or any other body of the European Union.
    [Show full text]
  • To View Online Click Here
    YOUR O.A.T. ADVENTURE TRAVEL PLANNING GUIDE® The Baltic Capitals & St. Petersburg 2022 Small Groups: 8-16 travelers—guaranteed! (average of 13) Overseas Adventure Travel ® The Leader in Personalized Small Group Adventures on the Road Less Traveled 1 Dear Traveler, At last, the world is opening up again for curious travel lovers like you and me. And the O.A.T. Enhanced! The Baltic Capitals & St. Petersburg itinerary you’ve expressed interest in will be a wonderful way to resume the discoveries that bring us so much joy. You might soon be enjoying standout moments like these: What I love about the little town of Harmi, Estonia, is that it has a lot of heart. Its residents came together to save their local school, and now it’s a thriving hub for community events. Harmi is a new partner of our Grand Circle Foundation, and you’ll live a Day in the Life here, visiting the school and a family farm, and sharing a farm-to-table lunch with our hosts. I love the outdoors and I love art, so my walk in the woods with O.A.T. Trip Experience Leader Inese turned into something extraordinary when she led me along the path called the “Witches Hill” in Lithuania. It’s populated by 80 wooden sculptures of witches, faeries, and spirits that derive from old pagan beliefs. You’ll go there, too (and I bet you’ll be as surprised as I was to learn how prevalent those pagan practices still are.) I was also surprised—and saddened—to learn how terribly the Baltic people were persecuted during the Soviet era.
    [Show full text]
  • ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
    APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions.
    [Show full text]
  • THE DISCOVERY of the BALTIC the NORTHERN WORLD North Europe and the Baltic C
    THE DISCOVERY OF THE BALTIC THE NORTHERN WORLD North Europe and the Baltic c. 400-1700 AD Peoples, Economies and Cultures EDITORS Barbara Crawford (St. Andrews) David Kirby (London) Jon-Vidar Sigurdsson (Oslo) Ingvild Øye (Bergen) Richard W. Unger (Vancouver) Przemyslaw Urbanczyk (Warsaw) VOLUME 15 THE DISCOVERY OF THE BALTIC The Reception of a Catholic World-System in the European North (AD 1075-1225) BY NILS BLOMKVIST BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2005 On the cover: Knight sitting on a horse, chess piece from mid-13th century, found in Kalmar. SHM inv. nr 1304:1838:139. Neg. nr 345:29. Antikvarisk-topografiska arkivet, the National Heritage Board, Stockholm. Brill Academic Publishers has done its best to establish rights to use of the materials printed herein. Should any other party feel that its rights have been infringed we would be glad to take up contact with them. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Blomkvist, Nils. The discovery of the Baltic : the reception of a Catholic world-system in the European north (AD 1075-1225) / by Nils Blomkvist. p. cm. — (The northern world, ISSN 1569-1462 ; v. 15) Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN 90-04-14122-7 1. Catholic Church—Baltic Sea Region—History. 2. Church history—Middle Ages, 600-1500. 3. Baltic Sea Region—Church history. I. Title. II. Series. BX1612.B34B56 2004 282’485—dc22 2004054598 ISSN 1569–1462 ISBN 90 04 14122 7 © Copyright 2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Politics and Views on Brexit
    BRIEFING PAPER Number 8362, 2 May 2019 The EU27: Internal Politics By Stefano Fella, Vaughne Miller, Nigel Walker and Views on Brexit Contents: 1. Austria 2. Belgium 3. Bulgaria 4. Croatia 5. Cyprus 6. Czech Republic 7. Denmark 8. Estonia 9. Finland 10. France 11. Germany 12. Greece 13. Hungary 14. Ireland 15. Italy 16. Latvia 17. Lithuania 18. Luxembourg 19. Malta 20. Netherlands 21. Poland 22. Portugal 23. Romania 24. Slovakia 25. Slovenia 26. Spain 27. Sweden www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 The EU27: Internal Politics and Views on Brexit Contents Summary 6 1. Austria 13 1.1 Key Facts 13 1.2 Background 14 1.3 Current Government and Recent Political Developments 15 1.4 Views on Brexit 17 2. Belgium 25 2.1 Key Facts 25 2.2 Background 25 2.3 Current Government and recent political developments 26 2.4 Views on Brexit 28 3. Bulgaria 32 3.1 Key Facts 32 3.2 Background 32 3.3 Current Government and recent political developments 33 3.4 Views on Brexit 35 4. Croatia 37 4.1 Key Facts 37 4.2 Background 37 4.3 Current Government and recent political developments 38 4.4 Views on Brexit 39 5. Cyprus 42 5.1 Key Facts 42 5.2 Background 42 5.3 Current Government and recent political developments 43 5.4 Views on Brexit 45 6. Czech Republic 49 6.1 Key Facts 49 6.2 Background 49 6.3 Current Government and recent political developments 50 6.4 Views on Brexit 53 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Überblick Über Die Forschungsgeschichte Der Burgen Lettlands
    Ieva Ose 15 Mastio (it.) kann im Deutschen nur eher ti/Hybsch/Vincenti (wie Anm. 16), S. I, 1950, p. 53 segg; P. Guerrini, Bedizolle, ungenau mit Bergfried übersetzt werden. 191–192; Padenghe sul Garda-Seregno, Brescia 1951. Bei diesem Beispiel von Moniga handelt La Lombardia paese per paese 6, Firenze 28 Brena Farisè (wie Anm. 1), S. 251–274; es sich aber funktionell klar um einen 1986. Favole (wie Anm. 16), S. 89; Conti/ massiven Torturm. 20 Vgl. Brena Farisè (wie Anm. 1), S. 251– Hybsch/Vincenti (wie Anm. 16), S. 198. 16 Zu den historischen Angaben in diesem 274; Favole (wie Anm. 16), S. 94; Conti/ 29 Brena Farisè (wie Anm. 1), S. 251–274; Beitrag siehe generell: Brena Farisè (wie Hybsch/Vincenti (wie Anm. 16), S. 214. Favole (wie Anm. 16), S. 91; Conti/ Anm. 1); Paolo Favole, Citta’ murate di 21 Vgl. Andrea Crescini/Antonio M. Arrigo- Hybsch/Vincenti (wie Anm. 16), S. 204. Lombardia, Como 1992, S. 82; Flavio ni/Daniele Comini, Soiano del Lago, perla 30 Brena Farisè (wie Anm. 1), S. 251–274; Conti/Vincenzo Hybsch/Antonello Vin- della Valtenesi, guida storica e turistica, Favole (wie Anm. 16), S. 94; Conti/ centi, I castelli della Lombardia, Province 2008. Hybsch/Vincenti (wie Anm. 16), S. 183. di Bergamo e Brescia, Novarra 1993, S. 22 Brena Farisè (wie Anm. 1), S. 251–274. 31 Brena Farisè (wie Anm. 1), S. 251–274; 184. 23 Conti/Hybsch/Vincenti (wie Anm. 16), S. Favole (wie Anm. 16), S. 93; Conti/ 17 Mitteilung der lokalen Touristikbehörde, 156. Hybsch/Vincenti (wie Anm.
    [Show full text]