Rcarrera Tesis All.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Rcarrera Tesis All.Pdf DEPARTAMENTO DE ASTROFISICA Universidad de La Laguna HISTORIA DEL ENRIQUECIMIENTO QU´IMICO Y GRADIENTES DE METALICIDAD EN LAS NUBES DE MAGALLANES Memoria que presenta D. Ricardo Carrera Jim´enez para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias F´ısicas. INSTITUTO D- ASTROFISICA D- CANARIAS noviembre de 2006 A mis Padres A Marta y Ana A Juan Bautista y Ra´ul v Resumen ¿C´omo se forman las galaxias? ¿C´omo evolucionan? Estas´ son cuestiones fundamentales que los cartografiados profundos de galaxias a alto desplazamiento al rojo tratan de resolver. Una segunda aproximaci´on es reconstruir la historia de formaci´on estelar de las galaxias a trav´es de sus poblaciones estelares resueltas. La historia de formaci´on estelar de una galaxia se puede caracterizar a trav´es de cuatro funciones: la tasa de formaci´on estelar, la ley de enriquecimiento qu´ımico, la funci´on inicial de masas y la fracci´on de binarias. Las diferencias entre las distintas historias de formaci´on estelar observadas vienen determinadas principalmente por la tasa de formaci´on estelar y la ley de enriquecimiento qu´ımico. La primera de ellas se obtiene a partir de los diagramas color-magnitud, mientras que la ley de enriquecimiento qu´ımico se ha caracterizado a partir de la distribuci´on en color de las estrellas en la Rama de Gigantes Rojas, a pesar de la dificultad que supone la degeneraci´on edad-metalicidad presente en la Rama de Gigantes Rojas. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es romper esta degeneraci´on, obteniendo la metalicidad por un m´etodo alternativo. La v´ıa m´as precisa para medir abundancias qu´ımicas es la espectroscop´ıa de alta resoluci´on. Sin embargo, esta t´ecnica requiere de un tiempo de telescopio desmesurado. La alterna- tiva es la espectroscop´ıa de baja resoluci´on, que junto con los modernos espectroscopios multiobjeto, permite observar un gran n´umero de estrellas en un tiempo razonable. En las galaxias, ´unicamente podemos observar espectrosc´opicamente las estrellas m´as brillantes, que en muchos casos son las estrellas Gigantes Rojas. El ´ındice adecuado para ◦ medir la metalicidad de estas estrellas es el triplete infrarrojo del Ca II ( 8500 A), que ∼ es la caracter´ıstica m´as relevantes de la parte infrarroja de su espectro. La relaci´on entre la anchura equivalente de las l´ıneas del triplete de Ca II y la metalicidad se ha estudiado principalmente en sistemas viejos y pobres en metales. Sin embargo, las galaxias presentan, en general, amplios rangos de edades y metalicidades. El primer objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el comportamiento de las l´ıneas del triplete de Ca II con la edad y la metalicidad. Para ello hemos medido las l´ıneas del triplete de Ca II en estrellas de c´umulos abiertos y globulares que cubren los m´as amplios rangos de edad y metalicidad, 0.25 (Edad/Ga) 13 ≤ ≤ y -2.2 [Fe/H] +0.47, en los cuales se ha investigado el comportamiento de las l´ıneas del ≤ ≤ triplete de Ca II hasta el momento. El siguiente paso ha sido utilizar este ´ındice para medir abundancias estelares en las Nubes de Magallanes y de este modo estudiar su evoluci´on qu´ımica. Por su proximidad, estas galaxias son un excelente laboratorio para probar la potencia de este m´etodo. Son facilmente observables desde tierra y presentan poblaciones estelares con un amplio rango de edades y metalicidad. Hemos observado estrellas en diferentes posiciones en las dos galaxias. El principal resultado es la presencia en ambas de un gradiente de poblaciones, en el sentido de que las estrellas m´as met´alicas son tambi´en m´as j´ovenes, y se encuentran concentradas principalmente en las regiones centrales. En promedio la Gran Nube de Magallanes es m´as met´alica que la Peque˜na Nube. En el caso de la Peque˜na Nube de Magallanes hemos encontrado que las poblaciones estelares m´as viejas de 1 Ga no presentan la apariencia irregular que se observa actualmente en esta galaxia. vii Summary How do galaxies form? How do they evolve? These are the fundamental questions driv- ing the current deep, high-z galaxy surveys. A second approach, used here, reconstructs the star formation histories of galaxies from their resolved stellar populations. The main functions that are commonly used to define the star formation history of a complex stellar system are four: the star formation rate, the chemical enrichment law, the initial mass function and the binary function. The two that one expects to present a larger variation from system to system, and thus those defining its evolutionary history are the star for- mation rate and the chemical enrichment law. The star formation rate is derived in detail from deep color-magnitude diagrams. The chemical enrichment law was traditionally con- strained from color distribution of RGB stars. However, this method to derive metallicities from photometry is a very crude one because in the RGB there is a degeneracy between age and metallicity. The main objective of this work is to break this degeneracy by ob- taining stellar metallicities from another source and then derive the age from the positions of stars in the color-magnitude diagram. The best way to obtain stellar metallicities is high-resolution spectroscopy. However, to evaluate a suitable number of stars, a lot of tele- scope time is necessary. The alternative is low-resolution spectroscopy, which allows us to observe a significant number of stars in a reasonable time with the modern multi-object spectrographers. In galaxies, the only objects that can be observed spectroscopically are the most brilliant stars, which usually are RGB stars. The appropriate spectroscopic index to obtain the ◦ metallicity of these stars is the infrared Calcium II Triplet, ( 8500 A) which is the main ∼ feature of the infrared spectra of red giant stars. The relationship between the equivalent width of the Ca II Triplet lines and metallicity has been studied in metal-poor and coeval stellar systems. However, galaxies have in general a wide ranges of ages and metallicities. The first step in this work was to study the behaviour of the Ca II Triplet lines with age and metallicity. For this purpose we have observed a sample of stars in open and globular clusters which cover the widest age and metallicity ranges, 0.25 (Age/Gyr) 13 ≤ ≤ and -2.2 [Fe/H] +0.47, in which the behaviour of the Ca II Triplet lines has ever been ≤ ≤ studied. The next step in this work has been to measure stellar metallicities with this index in the Magellanic Clouds with the purpose of studying their chemical evolution. Thanks to their proximity, these galaxies are an ideal laboratory to test the power of this method. They are easily observed from the ground and their stellar populations have a wide range of ages and metallicities. The main result of this work is that both galaxies have a stellar population gradient, in the sense that the metal-rich stars are also younger, and they are concentrated in the central regions of both galaxies. On average, the Large Magellanic Cloud is more metal rich than the Small one. ´Indice 1 Introducci´on 1 2 Las Nubes de Magallanes 3 2.1 ElSistemadeLasNubesdeMagallanes . 5 2.1.1 LaGranNubedeMagallanes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 2.1.2 NaturalezadelaBarradelaLMC . 6 2.1.3 LaPeque˜naNubedeMagallanes . 8 2.1.4 LaRegi´onentrelasNubes. 9 2.1.5 La Corriente de Magallanes . 10 2.1.6 Interacciones entre Las Nubes . 11 2.2 C´umulos Estelares en Las Nubes de Magallanes . 12 2.2.1 SistemadeC´umulosdelaLMC. 12 2.2.2 SistemadeC´umulosdelaSMC. 13 2.3 Poblaciones Estelares de Campo en las Nubes de Magallanes ........ 14 2.3.1 Poblaciones m´as J´ovenes . 14 2.3.2 Poblaciones de Edad Vieja e Intermedia en la LMC . 14 2.3.3 Poblaciones de Edad Vieja e Intermedia en la SMC . 16 2.4 El Medio Interestelar en las Nubes de Magallanes . 18 2.4.1 El Medio Interestelar de la LMC . 19 2.4.2 El Medio Interestelar de la SMC . 20 3 Composici´on Qu´ımica de las Nubes de Magallanes 21 3.1 Origen y Evoluci´on de los Elementos Qu´ımicos . 21 3.1.1 La Metalicidad [Fe/H] . 24 3.2 Abundancias Qu´ımicas en el Medio Interestelar . ......... 24 3.3 Composici´on Qu´ımica de la Poblaci´on Joven . ......... 25 3.4 Abundancias Qu´ımicas en la Poblaci´on de Edad Vieja e Intermedia . 27 3.4.1 Metalicidades Estelares en la LMC: Relaci´on Edad-Metalicidad . 27 3.4.2 Metalicidades Estelares en la SMC: Relaci´on Edad-Metalicidad . 30 3.4.3 Composici´on Qu´ımica detallada de las Poblaci´ones de Edad Vieja e Intermedia en las Nubes de Magallanes . 32 x 4 El Triplete Infrarrojo del Ca II como Indicador de Metalicidad 37 4.1 MuestradeC´umulos ............................... 38 4.2 Observaciones y Reducci´on de Datos . 40 4.2.1 VelocidadesRadiales . 43 4.3 ElTripletedeCalcio .............................. 44 4.3.1 Definici´on de las Ventanas de las L´ıneas y del Continuo . 45 4.3.2 LaAnchuraEquivalente . 47 4.3.3 El ´IndicedelCaT ............................ 48 4.3.4 La Anchura Equivalente Reducida . 50 4.4 La Escala de Metalicidad del Triplete de Calcio . 56 4.4.1 Calibraci´on en la Escala de Metalicidad de CG97 . 60 4.4.2 Calibraci´on en otras Escalas de Metalicidad . 62 4.4.3 El papel de la Edad en la relaci´on W’V (W’I ) frente a [Fe/H] . 64 4.4.4 Influencia de la Abundancia [Ca/Fe] . 65 4.5 MetalicidadesdeC´umulos .
Recommended publications
  • Optical Astronomy Observatories
    NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORIES NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORIES FY 1994 PROVISIONAL PROGRAM PLAN June 25, 1993 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION AND PLAN OVERVIEW 1 II. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM 3 A. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 3 B. Kitt Peak National Observatory 9 C. National Solar Observatory 16 III. US Gemini Project Office 22 IV. MAJOR PROJECTS 23 A. Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) 23 B. 3.5-m Mirror Project 25 C. WIYN 26 D. SOAR 27 E. Other Telescopes at CTIO 28 V. INSTRUMENTATION 29 A. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 29 B. Kitt Peak National Observatory 31 1. KPNO O/UV 31 2. KPNO Infrared 34 C. National Solar Observatory 38 1. Sacramento Peak 38 2. Kitt Peak 40 D. Central Computer Services 44 VI. TELESCOPE OPERATIONS AND USER SUPPORT 45 A. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 45 B. Kitt Peak National Observatory 45 C. National Solar Observatory 46 VII. OPERATIONS AND FACILITIES MAINTENANCE 46 A. Cerro Tololo 47 B. Kitt Peak 48 C. NSO/Sacramento Peak 48 D. NOAO Tucson Headquarters 49 VIII. SCIENTIFIC STAFF AND SUPPORT 50 A. CTIO 50 B. KPNO 50 C. NSO 51 IX. PROGRAM SUPPORT 51 A. NOAO Director's Office 51 B. Central Administrative Services 52 C. Central Computer Services 52 D. Central Facilities Operations 53 E. Engineering and Technical Services 53 F. Publications and Information Resources 53 X. RESEARCH EXPERIENCES FOR UNDERGRADUATES PROGRAM 54 XI. BUDGET 55 A. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 56 B. Kitt Peak National Observatory 56 C. National Solar Observatory 57 D. Global Oscillation Network Group 58 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Ngc Catalogue Ngc Catalogue
    NGC CATALOGUE NGC CATALOGUE 1 NGC CATALOGUE Object # Common Name Type Constellation Magnitude RA Dec NGC 1 - Galaxy Pegasus 12.9 00:07:16 27:42:32 NGC 2 - Galaxy Pegasus 14.2 00:07:17 27:40:43 NGC 3 - Galaxy Pisces 13.3 00:07:17 08:18:05 NGC 4 - Galaxy Pisces 15.8 00:07:24 08:22:26 NGC 5 - Galaxy Andromeda 13.3 00:07:49 35:21:46 NGC 6 NGC 20 Galaxy Andromeda 13.1 00:09:33 33:18:32 NGC 7 - Galaxy Sculptor 13.9 00:08:21 -29:54:59 NGC 8 - Double Star Pegasus - 00:08:45 23:50:19 NGC 9 - Galaxy Pegasus 13.5 00:08:54 23:49:04 NGC 10 - Galaxy Sculptor 12.5 00:08:34 -33:51:28 NGC 11 - Galaxy Andromeda 13.7 00:08:42 37:26:53 NGC 12 - Galaxy Pisces 13.1 00:08:45 04:36:44 NGC 13 - Galaxy Andromeda 13.2 00:08:48 33:25:59 NGC 14 - Galaxy Pegasus 12.1 00:08:46 15:48:57 NGC 15 - Galaxy Pegasus 13.8 00:09:02 21:37:30 NGC 16 - Galaxy Pegasus 12.0 00:09:04 27:43:48 NGC 17 NGC 34 Galaxy Cetus 14.4 00:11:07 -12:06:28 NGC 18 - Double Star Pegasus - 00:09:23 27:43:56 NGC 19 - Galaxy Andromeda 13.3 00:10:41 32:58:58 NGC 20 See NGC 6 Galaxy Andromeda 13.1 00:09:33 33:18:32 NGC 21 NGC 29 Galaxy Andromeda 12.7 00:10:47 33:21:07 NGC 22 - Galaxy Pegasus 13.6 00:09:48 27:49:58 NGC 23 - Galaxy Pegasus 12.0 00:09:53 25:55:26 NGC 24 - Galaxy Sculptor 11.6 00:09:56 -24:57:52 NGC 25 - Galaxy Phoenix 13.0 00:09:59 -57:01:13 NGC 26 - Galaxy Pegasus 12.9 00:10:26 25:49:56 NGC 27 - Galaxy Andromeda 13.5 00:10:33 28:59:49 NGC 28 - Galaxy Phoenix 13.8 00:10:25 -56:59:20 NGC 29 See NGC 21 Galaxy Andromeda 12.7 00:10:47 33:21:07 NGC 30 - Double Star Pegasus - 00:10:51 21:58:39
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Evolution of the Large Magellanic Cloud)
    EVOLUCIÓN QUÍMICA DE LA NUBE GRANDE DE MAGALLANES. (CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD) Profesor Guía: Dr. Douglas Geisler Tesis para optar al grado académico de Doctor en Ciencias Físicas Autor RENEÉ CECILIA MATELUNA PÉREZ CONCEPCIÓN - CHILE NOVIEMBRE 2012 Director de Tesis : Dr. Douglas Geisler Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile. Comisión Evaluadora : Dr. Giovanni Carraro. European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile. Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universitá di Padova, Padova, Italia. Dr. Sandro Villanova. Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile. Dr. Tom Richtler. Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile. Dedicado a Mi Padre Agradecimientos He llegado al final de un ciclo, y son muchas las personas que me han acompañado de alguna u otra forma en este proceso. Por esta razón, es que decidí hacer estos agradecimientos en un orden más o menos cronológico. Comenzaré por mis padres: Cecilia y René, ya que gracias a ellos estoy aquí. Mamá has sido un gran apoyo en este camino, te agradezco cada gesto de amor y cada sabio consejo que me has dado. Papá, aunque no estas físicamente presente para presenciar este momento, agradezco la oportunidad que me diste para ser fuerte y seguir adelante con mis sueños a pesar de las dificultades y se que estarías muy orgulloso de mi. Muchas gracias papá por el legado que me dejaste, mis hermanos: Alejandra, Gabriel, Mariela, José Luis y Alfredo, con ellos aprendo cada día de que en la diversidad esta la belleza y la armonía, muchas gracias, son un gran apoyo, los amo. A mis tios y primos: tia Quelita, tio Rene, Dany, Pauta y a mi comadre(Cecilia), gracias por entregarme su amor, sus consejos y esos momentos de celebración y risas.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida State University Libraries
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School Constraining the Evolution of Massive StarsMojgan Aghakhanloo Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES CONSTRAINING THE EVOLUTION OF MASSIVE STARS By MOJGAN AGHAKHANLOO A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Physics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2020 Copyright © 2020 Mojgan Aghakhanloo. All Rights Reserved. Mojgan Aghakhanloo defended this dissertation on April 6, 2020. The members of the supervisory committee were: Jeremiah Murphy Professor Directing Dissertation Munir Humayun University Representative Kevin Huffenberger Committee Member Eric Hsiao Committee Member Harrison Prosper Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii I dedicate this thesis to my parents for their love and encouragement. I would not have made it this far without you. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Jeremiah Murphy. I could not go through this journey without your endless support and guidance. I am very grateful for your scientific advice and knowledge and many insightful discussions that we had during these past six years. Thank you for making such a positive impact on my life. I would like to thank my PhD committee members, Professors Eric Hsiao, Kevin Huf- fenberger, Munir Humayun and Harrison Prosper. I will always cherish your guidance, encouragement and support. I would also like to thank all of my collaborators.
    [Show full text]
  • A Large and Homogeneous Sample of Cmds of LMC Stellar Clusters
    Extragalactic Star Clusters fA U Symposium Series, Vol. 207, 2002 Doug Geisler, Eva K. Grebel, and Dante Minniti, eds. A Large and Homogeneous Sample of CMDs of LMC Stellar Clusters Enzo Brocato Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, Via Maggini, 1-64100 Teramo, Italy, (email: [email protected]) Elisa Di Carlo Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, Via Maggini, 1-64100 Teramo, Italy, (email: [email protected]) Abstract. We present the photometric results of 21 stellar clusters of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The WFPC2 images were retrieved from the HST archive. Simple stellar populations in a large spread of age are well rep- resented in the sample of color-magnitude diagrams shown here. 1. Introduction and data reduction LMC stellar clusters represent an appealing opportunity of probing our under- standing of stellar populations in a wide range of age. Clearly, one of the most powerful tools for this purpose is to study their CMDs. The HST collected a number of images all along the years and we decided to use the archive facility 'to derive a set of homogeneous CMDs for the LMC clusters. All the images were retrieved from the HST archive as observed with the WFPC2 camera in the filters F450W and F555W. DAOPHOT II (Stetson 1987) was used to obtain the instrumental magnitudes. We followed Dolphin (2000) to derive the calibrated magnitudes and colors. We find good agreement (within ~ 0.1 mag) between our data and the results of Sarajedini (1998) for the common clusters NGC 2155, SL 663, and NGC 2121. We performed an additional check of our photometry by comparing our data of NGC 2257 to the ground based photometry by Walker (1989).
    [Show full text]
  • The Magellanic Clouds, Past, Present and Future-A Summary of IAU
    The Magellanic Clouds, Past, Present and Future - A Summary of IAU Symposium No.190 Sidney van den Bergh Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics National Research Council of Canada 5071 West Saanich Road Victoria, British Columbia Canada V8X 4M6 1. Introduction Important problems to which we would like to find answers are: • What are the distances to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC)? • What is the present distribution of stars, gas and dark matter in the Clouds, and how did it evolve? • How, and where, did the Magellanic Clouds form, and how have their orbits evolved? • Finally the recent discovery of numerous microlensing events in the Clouds provides answers to questions that we have only recently started to ask. For background material on the Clouds of Magellan the reader is referred to IAU Symposium No. 108 (van den Bergh & de Boer 1984), IAU Symposium No. 148 (Haynes & Milne 1991), and to the recent monograph The Magellanic Clouds (Westerlund 1997). The sections of this summary of the conference arXiv:astro-ph/9810045v1 3 Oct 1998 proceedings are given approximately in the order in which they were presented at the symposium. 2. Interstellar Matter 2.1. Optical Imaging A number of authors presented beautiful narrow-band images of both the LMC and the SMC, which showed an intricate network of hot bubbles produced by the stellar winds of giant associations, and shells formed by exploding supernovae. From the close association between supernova remnants (SNRs) and emission nebulosity Petre (NASA/GSFC) concluded that the majority (35 out of 48) of the SNRs observed in the Large Cloud had been produced by supernovae of Type II (SNe II).
    [Show full text]
  • Large Magellanic Cloud Stellar Clusters
    A&A 374, 523–539 (2001) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20010711 & c ESO 2001 Astrophysics Large Magellanic Cloud stellar clusters I. 21 HST colour magnitude diagrams?;?? E. Brocato1;2,E.DiCarlo1;3, and G. Menna1 1 Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, Via M. Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy 2 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, LNGS, L'Aquila, Italy 3 Area di ricerca in Astrogeofisica, L'Aquila, Italy e-mail: brocato, [email protected] Received 22 June 2000 / Accepted 9 March 2001 Abstract. We present WFPC2 photometry of 21 stellar clusters of the Large Magellanic Cloud obtained on images retrieved from the Hubble Space Telescope archive. The derived colour magnitude diagrams (CMDs) are presented and discussed. This database provides a sample of CMDs representing, with reliable statistics, simple stellar populations with a large spread of age. The stars in the core of the clusters are all resolved and measured at least down to the completeness limit; the magnitudes of the main sequence terminations and of the red giant clump are also evaluated for each cluster, together with the radius at half maximum of the star density. Key words. Galaxy: globular clusters: general { galaxies: evolution { galaxies: Magellanic Clouds 1. Introduction 1998), iii) to evaluate the age of the oldest clusters in this galaxy (Walker 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993a,b; Testa et al. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) offers a unique oppor- 1995; Brocato et al. 1996; Olsen et al. 1998) and iv) tunity to investigate bright populous stellar systems span- to study the luminosity function of MC clusters (Mateo ning a wide range of age and located at a distance short 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • The RR Lyrae Distance Scale from Near-Infrared Photometry
    Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali. Dottorato di ricerca in Astronomia – XVII ciclo The RR Lyrae distance scale from Near-Infrared photometry Massimo Dall’Ora Coordinatore Relatore Prof. Roberto Buonanno Prof. Roberto Buonanno Tutore Prof. Giuseppe Bono Contents Abstract 1 1 The Scientific Problem 7 1.1 RR Lyrae stars as distance indicators 7 1.2 The PhD project 8 2 RR Lyrae stars 12 2.1 Observational properties 12 2.2 Evolutionary properties 15 2.3 Pulsation Physics 16 2.3.1 Generalities 16 2.3.2 Kappa and Gamma mechanisms 19 2.4 Pulsation Periods 21 2.5 Oosterhoff dichotomy 22 2.6 The Blazhko effect 24 2.7 Mean magnitudes 25 2.8 RR Lyrae stars as distance indicators: the MV −[ Fe / H ] relation 25 2.8.1 Pros and Cons 25 2.8.2 Outline of the current calibrations 28 2.9 RR Lyrae stars as distance indicators: the FOBE method 30 2.10 RR Lyrae stars as distance indicators: the PLK relation 31 2.10.1 Empirical evidence and theory 31 2.10.2 PLK relation: fine tuning 37 2.10.3 The MK −[ FeH / ] − log P relation 40 1 3 Data reduction 42 3.1 Near-infrared arrays 42 3.2 Array operation 43 3.3 The sky in the infrared 44 3.4 SOFI – Son OF ISAAC 46 3.4.1 Optical arrangement 46 3.4.2 The Detector 49 3.5 Observational techniques in the IR 49 3.6 Data pre-reduction 50 3.7 Photometric reduction 52 3.7.1 Overview 52 3.7.2 Calculus of the PSF – DAOPHOT 53 3.7.3 Photometry – ALLFRAME 54 3.7.4 The photometric calibration 56 4 Observations and Color Magnitude Diagrams 61 4.1 The LMC Cluster Reticulum
    [Show full text]
  • THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS NEWSLETTER an Electronic Publication Dedicated to the Magellanic Clouds, and Astrophysical Phenomena Therein
    THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS NEWSLETTER An electronic publication dedicated to the Magellanic Clouds, and astrophysical phenomena therein No. 105 — 1 June 2010 http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/MCnews Editor: Jacco van Loon Figure 1: VLT-MAD superb resolution near-infrared image of the core of 30 Doradus (MNRAS, 405, 421 (2010)). 1 Editorial Dear Colleagues, It is my pleasure to present you the 105th issue of the Magellanic Clouds Newsletter. It is particularly voluminous, in part (but certainly not only) due to the Herschel special issue of A&A and a number of OGLE papers. Well done all! Thanks especially to one person, who did not mind entering all 30 affiliations in the webform, in full. Congratulations to Brian Williams for his beautiful Ph.D. thesis on supernova remnants! We wish him all the best in his further career. The next issue is planned to be distributed on the 1st of August 2010. Front cover pictures remain welcome! Editorially Yours, Jacco van Loon Refereed Journal Papers A very young component in the pre-eminent starburst region of the Small Magellanic Cloud M. Heydari-Malayeri1 and R. Selier1 1LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, France We present a study of the compact H ii region N 66A in the SMC pre-eminent starburst region N 66/NGC 346. Despite extensive research on various components of the N 66/NGC 346 complex, few studies have so far focused on N 66A, which is a special object in the whole complex and therefore deserves scrutiny. The study of this compact H ii region and its fellow objects seems important in the framework of massive star formation in the Magellanic Clouds.
    [Show full text]
  • The Age of Old Magellanic Cloud Clusters. I: NGC 2257
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server Mon. Not. R. Astron. So c. 000, 000{000 (1994) The Age of Old Magellanic Cloud Clusters. I: NGC 2257 1 2 3 3;4 V. Testa , F.R. Ferraro , E. Bro cato , V. Castellani 1 Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 2 Osservatorio Astronomico, Bologna, Italy 3 Osservatorio Astronomico di Col lurania, Teramo, Italy 4 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitadegli Studi, Pisa, Italy ABSTRACT Deep CCD photometry down to V 24:5 is presented for the old globular cluster NGC 2257 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The main results of this study can b e summarized as follows: i) the Red Giant Branch(RGB) Bump has b een detected at V =18:70:1, and it is compatible with determination of this feature in Galactic Globular Clusters; ii) using the currently accepted metho ds of dating Globular Clusters, NGC 2257 seems to b e 2-3 Gyrs younger than a typical Galactic Globular; iii) the Helium abundance has b een estimated to b e Y =0:21 0:03 using the R-metho d as calibrated by Buzzoni et al. (1983). Key words: Globular Cluster { Stellar Evolution { Magellanic Clouds 1 INTRODUCTION of the Universe. This is not the case for the MC, where one nds globulars as young as 10 million years, if not lower This is the rst of a series of pap ers devoted to investigating (Barb ero et al. 1990). However, the MC do have some glob- the ages of old globular clusters in the Magellanic Clouds ular clusters whose characteristics closely resemble those of (hereafter MC), in order to allow a comparison with the GGCs, with CMD morphologies quite similar to that typical Galactic Globular Clusters (GGCs) system.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapporto Annuale 2010
    INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna Rapporto Annuale 2010 Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy Tel.: +39-0512095701; Fax: +39-0512095700 http://www.bo.astro.it Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OA Bologna) Via Ranzani 1 I-40127 Bologna http://www.bo.astro.it/ Sedi distaccate: Stazione Astronomica di Loiano Via Orzale 16 40050 Loiano - Bologna Direttore: Flavio Fusi Pecci tel: 0512095766 e-mail: [email protected] Contact Point: tel: 051209570 e-mail: [email protected] In copertina: Immagini - ottenute col telescopio spaziale Hubble - dei 20 candidati ammassi stellari giovani e massicci di M31 studiati in Perina et al. (2010, A&A, 511, A23). Questo è il più ampio studio di questa classe di ammassi mai effettuato, per quel che riguarda la grande galassia di Andromeda. Table of Contents 1. PROFILO SCIENTIFICO DI OA-BOLOGNA ....................................................... 1 1.1. GRANDI SURVEYS COSMOLOGICHE ........................................................................ 1 1.2. STRUTTURA ED EVOLUZIONE DELLE STELLE, DELLE GALASSIE E DEI SISTEMI STELLARI. ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.3. IDRODINAMICA E CALCOLO NUMERICO ................................................................. 3 1.4. STRUMENTI E TECNOLOGIA ................................................................................... 3 1.5. NOTA FINALE .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Revised and Extended Catalog of Magellanic System Clusters
    A revised and extended catalog of Magellanic System clusters, associations and emission nebulae. II. the LMC Eduardo L. D. Bica1,2,3, Henrique R. Schmitt1,2,3, Carlos, M. Dutra1,2,3, Humberto L. Oliveira1,2,3 ABSTRACT A survey of extended objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud was carried out on the ESO/SERC R and J Sky Survey Atlases, checking entries in previous catalogs and searching for new objects. The census provided 6659 objects including star clusters, emission-free associations and objects related to emission nebulae. Each of these classes contains 3 subclasses with intermediate properties, which are used to infer total populations. The survey includes cross-identifications among catalogs and we present 3246 new objects. We provide accurate positions, classification, homogeneous measurements of sizes and position angles, as well as information on cluster pairs and hierarchical relation for superimposed objects. This unification and enlargement of catalogs is important for future searches of fainter and smaller new objects. We discuss the angular and size distributions of the objects of the different classes. The angular distributions show two off-centered systems with different inclinations, suggesting that the LMC disk is warped. The present catalog together with its previous counterpart for the SMC and the inter-Cloud region provide a total population of 7847 extended objects in the Magellanic System. The angular distribution of the ensemble reveals important clues on the interaction between the LMC and SMC. Subject headings: Catalogs — Magellanic Clouds — galaxies: star clusters — galaxies:stellar content — galaxies:ISM 1. Introduction The systematic study of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) properties is nowadays possible partly arXiv:astro-ph/9810266v1 17 Oct 1998 owing to cataloging efforts carried out throughout decades.
    [Show full text]