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Rapporto Annuale 2010 INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna Rapporto Annuale 2010 Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy Tel.: +39-0512095701; Fax: +39-0512095700 http://www.bo.astro.it Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OA Bologna) Via Ranzani 1 I-40127 Bologna http://www.bo.astro.it/ Sedi distaccate: Stazione Astronomica di Loiano Via Orzale 16 40050 Loiano - Bologna Direttore: Flavio Fusi Pecci tel: 0512095766 e-mail: [email protected] Contact Point: tel: 051209570 e-mail: [email protected] In copertina: Immagini - ottenute col telescopio spaziale Hubble - dei 20 candidati ammassi stellari giovani e massicci di M31 studiati in Perina et al. (2010, A&A, 511, A23). Questo è il più ampio studio di questa classe di ammassi mai effettuato, per quel che riguarda la grande galassia di Andromeda. Table of Contents 1. PROFILO SCIENTIFICO DI OA-BOLOGNA ....................................................... 1 1.1. GRANDI SURVEYS COSMOLOGICHE ........................................................................ 1 1.2. STRUTTURA ED EVOLUZIONE DELLE STELLE, DELLE GALASSIE E DEI SISTEMI STELLARI. ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.3. IDRODINAMICA E CALCOLO NUMERICO ................................................................. 3 1.4. STRUMENTI E TECNOLOGIA ................................................................................... 3 1.5. NOTA FINALE .......................................................................................................... 4 2. PERSONALE ............................................................................................................ 5 PERSONALE IN SERVIZIO AL 31 DICEMBRE 2010 ............................................................ 5 3. INFRASTRUTTURE ............................................................................................... 7 3.1. OFFICINE ................................................................................................................. 7 3.2. LABORATORI .......................................................................................................... 7 3.3. INFRASTRUTTURE OSSERVATIVE .......................................................................... 7 4. PARTECIPAZIONI .................................................................................................. 8 5. RELAZIONE DEL DIRETTORE ......................................................................... 10 5.1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 10 5.2. CENNI STORICI ..................................................................................................... 10 5.3. ATTIVITÀ DI RICERCA ......................................................................................... 10 5.4. ALTRE ATTIVITÀ ................................................................................................. 13 5.5. EDILIZIA ............................................................................................................... 17 5.6. PERSONALE .......................................................................................................... 17 5.7. NOTE DEL DIRETTORE ........................................................................................ 19 6. PROGETTI DI RICERCA .................................................................................... 20 6.1. GALASSIE E COSMOLOGIA .................................................................................... 20 6.2. STELLE, POPOLAZIONI STELLARI E MEZZO INTERSTELLARE ............................. 24 6.3. TECNOLOGIE AVANZATE E STRUMENTAZIONE ................................................... 28 7. ALTRE ATTIVITÀ ............................................................................................... 35 7.1. INFRASTRUTTURE E SERVIZI DI INTERESSE NAZIONALE ................................... 35 7.2. DIVULGAZIONE, MUSEI E MOSTRE ...................................................................... 36 7.3. ATTIVITÀ EDITORIALE E COLLABORAZIONI A CONVEGNI E CONGRESSI .......... 38 7.4. INCARICHI ............................................................................................................ 41 7.5. ATTIVITÀ DI FORMAZIONE ................................................................................. 48 7.6. PUBBLICAZIONI ................................................................................................... 53 1. PROFILO SCIENTIFICO DI OA-BOLOGNA L'aspetto che meglio caratterizza da un punto di vista scientifico l'Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OA-BO) e che lo rende per certi versi un caso quasi unico in Italia (e anche raro in Europa) è quello di avere non solo un approccio multifrequenza (X-ottico-infrarosso-radio), ma anche un forte collegamento tra gli scenari cosmologici e la formazione e l'evoluzione delle galassie e delle popolazioni stellari. Non a caso, numerosi componenti di OA-BO vengono chiamati a far parte, a vario livello, di un gran numero di grandi progetti internazionali, nonchè a collaborare con gruppi leader negli specifici argomenti scientifici. Questa forte "scuola" ha quindi portato i ricercatori di OA-BO ad essere tra i maggiori utenti italiani dei grandi telescopi da terra quali VLT, LBT, WIYN, CTIO, Keck, CFHT, TNG, CTIO, VLA nonché delle maggiori missioni satellitari HST, BeppoSAX, SWIFT, XMM, Chandra, FUSE, INTEGRAL, Herschel. Inoltre, c'è un ampio coinvolgimento anche nella definizione delle priorità scientifiche e tecniche degli strumenti in via di attivazione e progettazione (LBT, ALMA, SKA, GIANO@TNG, E-ELT) e delle future missioni spaziali (GAIA, IXO, Euclid, etc.). Nel seguito viene riportata una sintetica descrizione dei principali filoni di ricerca, ricordando nuovamente che esiste un alto grado di collegamento ed interazione tra questi. 1.1. Grandi surveys cosmologiche Di notevole importanza è la partecipazione del personale di OA-BO alle cosidette "legacy surveys", cioè progetti coordinati a livello internazionale per la produzione di grandi archivi di dati da mettere a disposizione dell'intera comunità scientifica mondiale. Un tipico esempio attuale è il progetto COSMOS, che ha condotto sullo stesso campo diverse surveys nelle varie lunghezze d'onda (radio (VLA), medio (Spitzer) e lontano (Herschel) infrarosso, ottico (HST, Subaru, CFHT etc), ultravioletto (Galex), banda X (XMM e Chandra) e spettroscopia ottica (zCOSMOS al VLT). In questo grande progetto la componente bolognese occupa un ruolo primario. Tale partecipazione è stata possibile grazie all'esperienza acquisita dai ricercatori OAB nella conduzione di importanti progetti conclusi o ancora in corso quali la VIRMOS-VLT Deep Survey, K20, ELAIS ed HELLAS. Questi progetti mirano essenzialmente allo studio dell'evoluzione delle strutture cosmiche, delle galassie e degli AGN alle varie epoche cosmologiche e nelle varie bande, cercando in particolare di cogliere le relazioni tra i vari oggetti per creare un quadro interpretativo complessivo e coerente. In maggior dettaglio, l'evoluzione di luminosità, della distribuzione spettrale, del clustering delle galassie degli ammassi e degli AGN sono alcuni degli argomenti specifici distintivi dei ricercatori di OAB, i quali sono peraltro partecipi di tutte le fasi dello sviluppo di tali surveys, dal disegno della strategia alla 1 acquisizione, riduzione ed interpretazione dei dati. Tale conoscenza dell'evoluzione delle strutture cosmiche, ottenuta su un periodo di tempo che rappresenta circa il 90% dell'età dell'universo, viene quindi confrontata con il modello standard cosmologico per poterlo validare o confutare e l'intero procedimento costituisce quindi un grande progetto di ricerca che coinvolge contemporaneamente conoscenze tecnologiche, osservative, informatiche e teoriche. 1.2. Struttura ed evoluzione delle stelle, delle galassie e dei sistemi stellari. Lo studio dettagliato della evoluzione delle galassie da un punto di vista stellare è sviluppato a livelli d'eccellenza all'OA-BO attraverso un approccio multibanda (UV, ottico, IR, radio) che affianca lo studio delle stelle, delle galassie e delle popolazioni stellari da un punto di vista osservativo alla costruzione di modelli interpretativi teorici. In questo contesto, la dinamica nelle galassie meno vicine viene tracciata dallo studio dell'idrogeno neutro, mentre nel caso di quelle vicine, come la Via Lattea, i suoi satelliti e Andromeda, essa puo` essere tracciata dalla cinematica stellare e degli ammassi globulari. Basti ricordare come un dettagliata definizione della dinamica delle galassie permetta di ottenere vincoli importanti sulla quantità e la possibile natura della materia oscura presente. Lo studio della storia della formazione (gerarchica o meno) della nostra galassia è basato sull'analisi fotometrica e spettroscopica (e quindi chimica) delle stelle, della formazione stellare e della dinamica di "relitti fossili" dei merging subiti, individuabili come popolazioni stellari dinamicamente distinte. Lo studio della storia di formazione stellare delle galassie nell'Universo Locale (entro 20 Mpc) è possibile con un approccio "stellare" (cioè studiando le singole stelle e popolazioni stellari ad esempio con HST, VLT, LBT, Spitzer, etc.), per cui la tradizione dell'OA-BO è consolidata da molti anni essendosi sviluppata nel tempo una vera e propria scuola. Tale studio consente la ricostruzione di una storia chimica ed evolutiva di tali galassie da
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