sign in sign up
<<
Home , Furnace

Introduction to Heating with BIOMASS in the NWT

Renewables in Remote Microgrids September 15, 2015 AGENDA • Introduction to AEA • What is biomass? • Why biomass? • Biomass heating options • Maintenance & Management • Example Installations • Questions, Discussion • Walking Tour INTRODUCTION TO AEA Vision • “NWT Society will become a global leader in clean, efficient, sustainable energy practice.”

Mission • "To promote and facilitate the adoption of efficient, renewable and carbon neutral energy practices by all members of NWT society."

Background • not‐for‐profit, non governmental organization, set up in 1997. #101 5102 51st Street, Yellowknife Regional Offices Mackenzie Delta ‐ Inuvik ‐ (867)777‐2068 Sheena Adams Sahtu ‐ Norman Wells– (867) 587‐3520 Wayne Lennie Dehcho ‐ Fort Simpson ‐ (867) 695‐2355 Teresa Chilkowich Tlicho ‐ Whati ‐ (867) 573‐3030 Sonny Zoe Hay River – South Slave – (867) 874‐3434 Tom Gross AEA IS INVOLVED IN ACTIVITIES

AIMED AT: aimed at: • Knowing how we use energy • Conservation e.g. turn down • Energy Efficiency e.g. more insulation • Renewable Energy e.g. biomass heating What is Biomass

• Wood • Pellets • Chips • Sawdust • Other WHY BIOMASS ? o Renewable energy o Reduce fossil fuel dependency o Cost savings o Local resource, local employment o Self sufficient, self reliant community WHY BIOMASS ? WHY BIOMASS ?

Urbania Annual Energy Consumption ‐ Urbania Greenhouse Gas 760 GJ Emissions ‐ 46 tCO2/Year 2%

3% 11%

86% 98%

Electricity Oil Wood Pellets AEA OFFICE BEFORE PELLET BIOMASS ‐ A RENEWABLE ENERGY BIOMASS AND CARBON EMISSIONS • Biomass, under sustainable forest management practices is a renewable resource • In Canada, between 1990 and 2008, managed boreal forest of Canada has been a carbon sink (CFS)

• Biomass is at some point decompose / combust and release CO2 (CH4, CO) into the atmosphere • Canada’s forest and forest management are some of the best in the world

• The atmosphere doesn’t care whether a molecule of carbon comes from a wood pellet or a lump of . It is still carbon dioxide CO2. And when we burn biomass, we are speeding up that CO2 dump to the atmosphere.

CO2 emissions biomass coal Timeline of reaching carbon neutrality for biomass is extremely relevant and sensitive to many factors BIOMASS AND CARBON EMISSIONS Fossilized carbon versus biogenic carbon

From http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk

Net increase in atmospheric carbon No net increase in atmospheric carbon when fuel burned when fuel burned

Carbon Neutrality claim for biomass Biogenic carbon (non‐fossilized carbon) from the of biomass is re‐sequestered by living plant/tree material and does not add any additional carbon emissions into the biosphere BIOMASS HEATING OPTIONS Space Heating a Heats whole building Heats more than one building BIOMASS HEATING OPTIONS ‐ SPACE HEATING

Wood Stove

Pellet Stove BIOMASS HEATING OPTIONS ‐ CENTRAL HEATING

RESIDENTIAL SCALE BIOMASS HEATING OPTIONS ‐ CENTRAL HEATING

RESIDENTIAL BIOMASS HEATING OPTIONS ‐ CENTRAL HEATING

COMMERCIAL SCALE BOILERS BIOMASS HEATING OPTIONS DISTRICT HEATING WOOD STOVES

• Traditional Source • Still high use of wood stoves in NWT Communities • Many people harvest their own wood WOOD STOVE ADVANCES IN

• Older ‘pot‐belly’ or • Newer Stoves oil drum stove • Catalytic & Re‐burn • No baffles • High efficiency • Low efficiency • low emissions • high emissions (smoke) (smoke) • Then ‘air‐tight’ –a bit better (70’s) COMPARE OLD WITH NEW:

Overall Efficiency 40 – 50% 60 – 80%+ INSIDE A ‘NON‐CAT’ WOOD STOVE

1. Firebox insulation 2. A large baffle 3. Preheated combustion air INSIDE A CATALYTIC WOOD STOVE

Smoke passes through a catalytic honeycomb that lowers smoke burn temperature MAINTENANCE WOOD STOVE Regular through burn season: o Remove ashes o Clean Annual: o Check gaskets, glass, hinges, bricks o Check and replace catalytic combustor FIREWOOD Good fuel is the key to efficiency ONLY BURN DRY (SEASONED) WOOD. PELLET STOVES • A clean burning option • Can operate up to 24 hours unattended • Can be used with thermostat Pellet Stove Emissions PELLET STOVE CUTAWAY What Are Wood Pellets? Why Heat with Wood Pellets?

• Waste Product

• Cheaper than

• Better for the Environment than fossil Cost Savings with Wood Pellets Heating energy equivalent

2 kg of pellets = 1 litre of oil = 1.5 litres of propane

1 bag of pellets ($5.15) = 9 litres of oil ($12) 1 bag of pellets ($5.15) = 13 litres of propane ($11)

1 tonne of pellets ($350) = 500 litres of oil ($670) 1 tonne of pellets ($350) = 725 litres of propane ($610)

Note: Prices May 2014, incl GST ‐ Heating oil $1.34, Propane $0.84 Pellet Fuels Institute Specifications Pellet Specifications PELLET SPECIFICATIONS Where do Wood Pellets Come From? Where do Wood Pellets Come From? Where do Wood Pellets Come From? Where do Wood Pellets Come From? Where do Wood Pellets Come From? Where do Wood Pellets Come From? Where do Wood Pellets Come From? 18kg (40lb) bags Pallets of Bags Bulk Pellets – Delivered like Heating Oil or Propane Residential Bulk Pellet Storage 1 Tonne (1000kg) bag & Hopper Loose Bulk Pellets by Truck Loose Bulk Pellets by Rail Pellet Transfer Augers WOOD PELLET STORAGE AND HANDLING ‐ Must keep pellets dry ‐ Cover and do not store directly on the ground (or cement ) ‐Ravens! Wood Pellets need to be kept dry! SAFETY

Smoke Carbon Fire Detector Monoxide Extinguisher Detector MAINTENANCE – PELLET STOVE Regular throughout the burn season: o Remove ash from the burn chamber and ash pan, o Scrape the burn pot, o Rake the ash from heat exchangers, air wash system, venting and exhaust path Note: Pellet quality WILL affect maintenance. (size, ash, fines, crumbling) Annual or as required o Clean entire system after burning 1 ‐ 2 tons of fuel o Check glass, door hinges, gasket REBATES WOOD and PELLET STOVES ‐ 1/3 to max of $700 ‐ purchase outside of NWT 50% ‐ 3 months from date of purchase ‐ copy of receipt REBATES PELLET BOILERS Residential ‐ 1/3 to max of $5,000 Business ‐ 1/3 to max of $15,000 Subject to funding availability DISTRICT HEATING BENEFITS o Cost effective –Shared capital and O&M costs o Economy of scale o Reduced maintenance ‐ one appliance instead of many o Safer – combustion is external to living space o Access to funding DISTRICT HEATING PIPING DISTRICT HEATING CONNECTIONS Forced (Hot) Air – • Add Heating Coil in • Coil to replace furnace Hydronic (Hot )– Boiler • FORCED AIR - FURNACE Heating Coil in duct – Keep Furnace

Fan Coil – replaces Furnace HYDRONIC – BOILER Heat Exchanger installed in piping COMMERICAL BIOMASS BOILER - OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE o Monitoring o Daily check ‐ can be remote o Ash Removal o Smaller boilers –up to 1 hr biweekly o Larger boilers –1‐2hours weekly o Cleaning o Heat Exchanger & Chimney – Monthly o Who Does Maintenance? o Owner(s) or Contractor TETLIT GWICH’IN BIOMASS BOILER – FT MCPHERSON TETLIT GWICH’IN BIOMASS BOILER – FT MCPHERSON TETLIT GWICH’IN BIOMASS BOILER – FT MCPHERSON TLICHO INV. CORP. BEHCHOKO BIOMASS BOILER

• 540kW KOB Boiler • Heats 7 • Sell heat to GNWT YELLOWKNIVES DENE FIRST NATION CHIEF DRYGEESE , DETTAH KA’A'GEE TU FIRST NATIONS BIOMASS PROJECT - KAKISA

• 60kW Woodmaster Boiler • Local Wood & Pellets • Band Office & Hotel • Cost Estimate ~$135K • SPB ~2.5 Years HAY RIVER 4 SCHOOLS DISTRICT HEATING

• 1 MW KOB Pyrotec Boiler • Services four schools • Operational Savings of $160,000 • Simple Payback of 6 Years HAY RIVER 4 SCHOOLS DISTRICT HEATING Inukshuk Housing Co-op, YK City of YK – Pool, Arena Curling Club

• 740kW Binder Boiler • Savings ~$200K/yr • Simple Payback ~3 Years NPR Garden Townhomes, Bison Apartments BIOMASS COGENERATION

o aka Combined Heat and Power (CHP) o Produce both and Heat

o None in NWT yet… o Small scale (<1MW) –ready for remote & harsh conditions? o System for Yellowknife in planning Biomass Co‐Generation • Heat • Power • Peak load‐ 7 MW • Peak load‐ Approx 1.6 MW • Annual load‐ 18,000 MWh • Annual load‐ 9,000 MWh

5,000

4,500

4,000

3,500

3,000 Power

kW 2,500 Heating

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0 Jan Feb Marp ArMay Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec THANK YOU!

QUESTIONS?