The Affordable Heat-Circulating Fireplace Offering Style, Value and Performance. After a Hard Day in a Cold World…
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Biomass Burning Emissions and Potential Air Quality Impacts of Volatile Organic Compounds and Other Trace Gases from Temperate Fuels Common in the United States
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications Chemistry and Biochemistry 8-12-2015 Biomass burning emissions and potential air quality impacts of volatile organic compounds and other trace gases from temperate fuels common in the United States J. B. Gilman University of Colorado Boulder B. M. Lerner University of Colorado Boulder W. C. Kuster University of Colorado Boulder P. D. Goldan University of Colorado Boulder C. Warneke University of Colorado Boulder Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/chem_pubs See next page for additional authors Part of the Biochemistry Commons, and the Chemistry Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Gilman, J. B.; Lerner, B. M.; Kuster, W. C.; Goldan, P. D.; Warneke, C.; Veres, P. R.; Roberts, J. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Burling, I. R.; and Yokelson, Robert, "Biomass burning emissions and potential air quality impacts of volatile organic compounds and other trace gases from temperate fuels common in the United States" (2015). Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications. 89. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/chem_pubs/89 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Chemistry and Biochemistry at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors J. B. Gilman, B. M. Lerner, W. C. Kuster, P. D. Goldan, C. Warneke, P. R. Veres, J. M. Roberts, J. A. de Gouw, I. -
Ventilation in Residential Buildings Indoor Air Quality
Ventilation in residential buildings Indoor air quality Blanca Beato Arribas Senior Research Engineer BSRIA 1 Making buildings better Index • IAQ • Ventilation • Guidelines/Legislation • Exposure limits • What affects indoor air quality at home? • How to measure contaminants 2 Making buildings better Indoor Air Quality Good IAQ : “air with no known contaminants at harmful concentrations” (CIBSE) 3 Making buildings better Ventilation Ventilation is needed to: Good IAQ requires: • Provide fresh air • Low external pollution • Remove pollutants in concentrations a space • Low pollutant • Remove odours emission rates from • Remove heat loads internal sources, including materials • Control humidity • Ventilation: dilute and remove pollutants • Effective ventilation 4 Making buildings better Legislation Regulation or standard Area covered Requirements Size of opening areas for background ventilation and Building regulations Part F1 Provision of adequate fresh air rapid ventilation. Particular extract ventilation rates from kitchens, toilets, etc. Provide adequate air for Building regulations Part J1 combustion devices EH40/2005 Workplace exposure limits Provide adequate fresh air, Limit exposure to various pollutants (HSE) filtration Ensure minimal contamination of HSE Approved Code of Practice L24: Regular maintenance of mechanical systems, including air Workplace health, safety and welfare systems conditioning systems. Air quality guidelines for Europe (WHO, Provide adequate fresh air, Limit exposure to various pollutants 2000) filtration 5 Making buildings better Source:CIBSE Legislation Regulation or standard Area covered Requirements Ambient air and cleaner air Limit exposure to SO and for Europe (EEC Directive 2 suspended particulates 2008/50/EC/2008) BS EN 13986:2002 (Emissions from) wood panels (Emissions from) glued laminated BS EN 14080:2005 timber Selection of materials with low emissions. -
Vapor Intrusion? Can You Get Sick from Vapor Vapor Intrusion Refers to the Vapors Produced by a Chemical Intrusion? Spill/Leak That Make Their Way Into Indoor Air
Bureau of Environmental Health Health Assessment Section VVaappoorr IInnttrruussiioonn “To protect and improve the health of all Ohioans” Answers to Frequently Asked Health Questions What is vapor intrusion? Can you get sick from vapor Vapor intrusion refers to the vapors produced by a chemical intrusion? spill/leak that make their way into indoor air. When intrusion? You can get sick from breathing harmful chemical chemicals are spilled on the ground or leak from an vapors. But getting sick will depend on: underground storage tank, they will seep into the soils and How much you were exposed to (dose). will sometimes make their way into the groundwater How long you were exposed (duration). (underground drinking water). There are a group of How often you were exposed (frequency). chemicals called volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that How toxic the spill/leak chemicals are. easily produce vapors. These vapors can travel through General Health, age, lifestyle: Young children, the soils, especially if the soils are sandy and loose or have a lot elderly and people with chronic (on-going) health of cracks (fissures). These vapors can then enter a home problems are more at risk to chemical exposures. through cracks in the foundation or into a basement with a dirt floor or concrete slab. VOC vapors at high levels can cause a strong petroleum or solvent odor and some persons may VOCs and vapors: experience eye and respiratory irritation, headache VOCs can be found in petroleum products such as gasoline and/or nausea (upset stomach). These symptoms or diesel fuels, in solvents used for industrial cleaning and are usually temporary and go away when the person are also used in dry cleaning. -
Fireplaces, Woodstoves, and Clean Air in Pima County
Pima County Department of Environmental Quality 33 N. Stone Avenue, Suite 700 Tucson, AZ 85701 520-724-7400 www.pima.gov/deq January 2016 Fireplaces, Woodstoves, and Clean Air in Pima County Wood burning is of concern in our community because it is not healthy to breathe wood smoke. Smoke is made up of a complex mixture of gases and fine particles produced when wood burns. According to 2002 estimates, there are approximately 70,000 households that burn wood in fireplaces or wood burning stoves within Pima County. The wood burned by these devices emits about 3,100 tons of carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) into our skies annually, in addition to other pollutants and potentially cancer-causing materials. These microscopic particles in wood smoke can be inhaled deep into the respiratory system where they may cause serious health impacts. The combination of altitude, topography, longer nights and cool winters adds to the wood smoke pollution problem in Pima County. On cold nights with little wind, layers of warm air above trap cold air in the valley, forming an inversion. This inversion layer acts like a blanket and keeps smoke and other pollutants close to the ground. These stagnant conditions can last for days and impact the health of our neighbors. Check with your neighbor to see if your fireplace smoke is causing problems with their health. Together, we can spare the air of these harmful pollutants by choosing not to use our fireplaces as much, or by making small changes in our wood-burning practices. Wood Burning Tips Use firewood that has been dried for longer than six months. -
Fast Facts (PDF)
FAST FACTS According to the National Fire Protection Association, the leading factor contributing to home heating fires (30%) was mainly due to having a dirty chimney (i.e., creosote buildup). Heating equipment (including wood stoves) is the second leading cause of home fires, and third leading cause of home fire deaths. Most fireplace and chimney fires are caused by creosote buildup, and could be prevented. EPA believes there are approximately 13 million fireplaces, 250,000 hydronic heaters, and 8.5 million wood stoves in use nationwide. Five million (57 percent) of the nation’s wood stoves are older, inefficient devices. EPA estimates that if all of the old wood stoves in the United States were replaced with cleaner- burning hearth appliances, an estimated $56-126 billion in health benefits per year would be realized. Smoke from wood-burning stoves and fireplaces contain a mixture of harmful gases and particle matter (PM2.5). Breathing these small particles can cause asthma attacks and severe bronchitis, aggravate heart and lung disease, and may increase the likelihood of respiratory illnesses. Changing out one old dirty, inefficient wood stove is equivalent to the PM2.5 reduction of taking five old diesel trucks off the road. The benefits of replacing old wood stoves and fireplaces: • Saves money, fuel, time, and resources • Up to 50 percent more energy efficient, uses 1/3 less wood • Cuts creosote build-up in chimneys that helps reduce the risk of fire • Reduces PM2.5 indoors and out After start-up, a properly installed, correctly used EPA-certified wood stove should be smoke free. -
'Fan-Assisted Combustion' AUD1A060A9361A
AUD1A060-SPEC-2A TAG: _________________________________ Specification Upflow / Horizontal Gas Furnace"Fan-Assisted 5/8" Combustion" 14-1/2" 13-1/4" AUD1A060A9361A 5/8" 28-3/8" 19-5/8" 5/8" 1/2" 4" DIAMETER FLUE CONNECT 7/8" DIA. HOLES ELECTRICAL 9-5/8" CONNECTION 4-1/16" 1/2" 3/4" 2-1/16" 7/8" DIA. K.O. 3-15/16" ELECTRICAL CONNECTION 8-1/4" (ALTERNATE) 13" 40" 3-3/4" 1-1/2" DIA. 3/4" K.O. GAS CONNECTION 2-1/16" (ALTERNATE) 28-1/4" 28-1/4" 3/4" 22-1/2" 23-1/2" 5-5/16" 3-13/16" 1-1/2" DIA. HOLE 3/8" GAS CONNECTION 2-1/8" FURNACE AIRFLOW (CFM) VS. EXTERNAL STATIC PRESSURE (IN. W.C.) MODEL SPEED TAP 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 AUD1A060A9361A 4 - HIGH - Black 1426 1389 1345 1298 1236 1171 1099 1020 934 3 - MED.-HIGH - Blue 1243 1225 1197 1160 1113 1057 991 916 831 2 - MED.-LOW - Yellow 1042 1039 1027 1005 973 931 879 817 745 1 - LOW - Red 900 903 895 877 848 809 760 700 629 CFM VS. TEMPERATURE RISE MODEL CFM (CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE) 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 AUD1A060A9361A 56 49 44 40 37 34 32 © 2009 American Standard Heating & Air Conditioning General Data 1 TYPE Upflow / Horizontal VENT COLLAR — Size (in.) 4 Round RATINGS 2 HEAT EXCHANGER Input BTUH 60,000 Type-Fired Alum. Steel Capacity BTUH (ICS) 3 47,000 -Unfired AFUE 80.0 Gauge (Fired) 20 Temp. -
AP-42, Vol. I, CH1.9: Residential Fireplaces
1.9 Residential Fireplaces 1.9.1 Generall-2 Fireplaces are used primarily for aesthetic effects and secondarily as supplemental heating sources in houses and other dwellings. Wood is the most common fuel for fireplaces, but coal and densified wood "logs" may also be burned. The user intermittently adds fuel to the fire by hand. Fireplaces can be divided into 2 broad categories: (1) masonry (generally brick and/or stone, assembled on site, and integral to a structure) and (2) prefabricated (usually metal, installed on site as a package with appropriate duct work). Masonry fireplaces typically have large fixed openings to the fire bed and have dampers above the combustion area in the chimney to limit room air and heat losses when the fireplace is not being used. Some masonry fireplaces are designed or retrofitted with doors and louvers to reduce the intake of combustion air during use. Prefabricated fireplaces are commonly equipped with louvers and glass doors to reduce the intake of combustion air, and some are surrounded by ducts through which floor level air is drawn by natural convection, heated, and returned to the room. Many varieties of prefabricated fireplaces are now available on the market. One general class is the freestanding fireplace, the most common of which consists of an inverted sheet metal funnel and stovepipe directly above the fire bed. Another class is the "zero clearance" fireplace, an iron or heavy-gauge steel firebox lined inside with firebrick and surrounded by multiple steel walls with spaces for air circulation. Some zero clearance fireplaces can be inserted into existing masonry fireplace openings, and thus are sometimes called "inserts". -
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): Combustion By-Products
Number 65c June 2018 Indoor Air Quality: Combustion By-products What are combustion by-products? monoxide exposure can cause loss of Combustion (burning) by-products are gases consciousness and death. and small particles. They are created by incompletely burned fuels such as oil, gas, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can irritate your kerosene, wood, coal and propane. eyes, nose, throat and lungs. You may have shortness of breath. If you have a respiratory The type and amount of combustion by- illness, you may be at higher risk of product produced depends on the type of fuel experiencing health effects from nitrogen and the combustion appliance. How well the dioxide exposure. appliance is designed, built, installed and maintained affects the by-products it creates. Particulate matter (PM) forms when Some appliances receive certification materials burn. Tiny airborne particles can depending on how clean burning they are. The irritate your eyes, nose and throat. They can Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and also lodge in the lungs, causing irritation or the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) damage to lung tissue. Inflammation due to certify wood stoves and other appliances. particulate matter exposure may cause heart problems. Some combustion particles may Examples of combustion by-products include: contain cancer-causing substances. particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, Carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs naturally in the water vapor and hydrocarbons. air. Human health effects such as headaches, dizziness and fatigue can occur at high levels Where do combustion by-products come but rarely occur in homes. Carbon dioxide from? levels are sometimes measured to find out if enough fresh air gets into a room or building. -
American Standard Humidifiers – Our Dealers Will Put You in Designed to Complete Your Matched System and Your Comfort
Achieve a better balance and a better level of comfort. Whole-Home Humidifiers Say good-bye to dry. Bone dry Arid outside Comfort for your body and mind. How an American Standard humidifier outside During the winter or in arid climates, the air in your home can leave benefits your family: you feeling parched. You may experience dry skin, brittle hair, • Provides potential energy savings during heating by cracked lips, itchy eyes and irritated nasal passages. Your furniture, making the air feel warmer, so you’re more comfortable setting your thermostat lower. woodwork and musical instruments may also suffer as the dry air • Reduces static electricity so you won’t have any leaches their essential moisture. By balancing the moisture level in shocking experiences. your home, an American Standard humidifier improves your comfort • Prevents skin, hair and nasal passages from drying out. and protects your belongings. And when the mercury dips, a • Protects your furniture, woodwork, artwork, books, Inside it’s just the way you like it. Thanks to American Standard Heating & Air Conditioning. humidifier can also help you save on your heating costs. With the plants and other valuables. right amount of moisture in the air, you’ll feel warmer and be able to keep your thermostat at a lower, more efficient setting. • Lessens shrinkage of woodwork around doors and windows. American Standard Humidifiers – Our dealers will put you in Designed to complete your matched system and your comfort. More than 100 years your comfort zone. of feeling right at home. When it comes to your home comfort system, you may find yourself thinking peace of mind. -
How to Select the Right Honeywell Thermostat for Your Comfort Zone
Step 1: Identify your heating/cooling system Thermostats IMPORTANT: Thermostats are designed to work with specific What To Look For heating/cooling systems, so it’s essential that you know your system Be Confident With Honeywell type to avoid purchasing the wrong style. All thermostats share one common feature — a way to set the temperature. After that, every Honeywell has been inventing and perfecting thermostats Central Heat or Central Heat & Air — The most common thermostat is different in terms of accuracy, reliability, number of features, display size and since 1885 and is the number one choice of homeowners system. Can be 24V gas or oil, hot water or electric. and contractors. You can count on Honeywell products for more. Here are a few features you should consider when choosing your thermostat. superior design, engineering and efficiency. Heat Pump — Heating and air conditioning combined into one unit. Can be single- or multi-stage. Years Fireplace/Floor/Wall Furnace — Millivolt or 24V of heating systems. Superior Comfort Electric Baseboard — Convectors, fan-forced heaters, Auto Change From Heat To Cool. electric baseboards and radiant ceilings. Menu-Driven Programming. Some Automatically determines if your home 4 Programmable Periods Per Day. Here To Help programmable thermostats can be needs heating or cooling to provide maxi- Honeywell programmable thermo- difficult to program, but menu-driven mum comfort. stats allow settings for wake, leave, If you have any questions about Honeywell thermostats, Step 2: Choose your thermostat type programming guides you through the return and sleep to provide you call our toll-free consumer hotline at 1-800-468-1502 or process much like using an ATM. -
Residential Wood Combustionš PM2.5 Emissions
Residential Wood Combustion— PM2.5 Emissions Prepared by: James E. Houck and Paul E. Tiegs OMNI Environmental Services, Inc. 5465 SW Western Avenue Beaverton, Oregon 97005 Prepared for: WESTAR PM2.5 Emission Inventory Workshop Reno, Nevada July 22-23, 1998 1 Residential Wood Combustion — PM2.5 Emissions Table of Contents 1. Description of Appliances and Fuels 1.1 Woodstoves and Heaters 1.2 Fireplaces 1.3 Fuel Characteristics 2. Current Home Heating Status 2.1 Space Heating by Fuel Type 2.2 Old versus New Technology Wood Stoves/Heaters 2.3 Aesthetic and Heating Uses of Fireplaces 2.4 Regional and HDD data 3. Physical and Chemical Characterization of Wood Smoke 4. PM2.5 Emissions Units 5. Emission Inventories 5.1 Emission Factors 5.2 Surveys 6. Tracers and Modeling 6.1 RWC Tracers 6.2 Chemical Mass Balance Modeling 6.3 Correlations with CO and Nephelometer Data 7. SIP Implications 7.1 Emission Reductions with New Appliances and Fuels 7.2 Economics of New Appliances and Fuels 2 Woodstoves and Heaters C Conventional Woodstoves 40 year lifetime 8.3 million in use or about 90% of total C Certified Noncatalytic Woodstoves 0.6 million in use Phase II, July 1990, 7.5 g/hr, 119 models C Certified Catalytic Woodstoves 0.4 million in use Phase II, 4.1g/hr, 83 models Durability, maintenance program C Certified and Exempt Pellet Stoves 0.3 million in use 5 certified models 35 to 1 air- to-fuel ratio (low burn rate) Suspected lower PM2.5 to total ratio C Masonry Heaters Higher cost, few in use, exempt from EPA certification High burn rate, lower emissions -
Furnace Fan Preliminary Analysis TSD Chapter 7. Energy Use Analysis
CHAPTER 7. ENERGY USE ANALYSIS TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 GENERAL APPROACH TO THE ENERGY USE ANALYSIS ................................... 7-1 7.3 HOUSEHOLD SAMPLE ................................................................................................ 7-2 7.4 FURNACE FAN POWER CONSUMPTION ................................................................. 7-4 7.4.1 System Curves ................................................................................................................. 7-4 7.4.2 Furnace Fan Curves ......................................................................................................... 7-6 7.4.3 Fan Power ........................................................................................................................ 7-7 7.4.4 Determination of Fan Performance by Product Class and Efficiency Level ................... 7-9 7.5 OPERATING HOURS .................................................................................................. 7-17 7.5.1 Heating Mode................................................................................................................. 7-17 7.5.2 Cooling Mode ................................................................................................................ 7-23 7.5.3 Constant Circulation Mode ............................................................................................ 7-28 7.6 FURNACE FAN STANDBY ENERGY