The Poetry of Gary Snyder 3K'(QJOLVKWKHVLV8QLYHUVLW\RI6RXWK)ORULGD)ORULGD
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
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««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 5HIHUHQFHV:RUNV&LWHG««««««««««««««««««««« 5HIHUHQFHV:RUNV&RQVXOWHG««««««««««««««««««« ǀ $EVWUDFW &ULWLFDODSSUDLVDOVRIWKHZRUNRIWKH$PHULFDQSRHW*DU\6Q\GHUYDULRXVO\ DGGUHVVKLVVWDWXVDVDQRWHGPHPEHURIWKH%HDW0RYHPHQWKLV%XGGKLVW EHOLHIVDQGWKHLULPEXHPHQWLQKLVSRHWU\DQGKLVFORVHDIILQLW\ZLWKWKH QDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWSDUWLFXODUO\WKH$PHULFDQ ZLOGHUQHVV PDQLIHVWLQJLQKLV HFRSROLWLFV2IWKHPDQ\FULWLFDOVWXGLHVKRZHYHUIHZKDYHGLUHFWHGWKHLU DWWHQWLRQWRDWHUPWKDW6Q\GHUFRLQHGLQWKHVWRGHVFULEHKLVHWKRV EHLQJWKDWRI:LOG0LQG7KLVWKHVLVSURSRVHVWKDWWKHFRQFHSWRI:LOG0LQG² DVDQHWKRVDSKLORVRSKLFDOSHUVSHFWLYHDQGDVWDWHRIFRQVFLRXVQHVV²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²ERUQRIWKHLQWHUPLQJOLQJRI:HVWHUQDQG(DVWHUQ GLVFRXUVHVRQLQQHUDQGRXWHU ZRUOGV ²ZKLFKSULRULWLVHVRXUGHHS HPEHGGQHVV LQQDWXUHDQGJLYHVXVSUDFWLFDOWRROVIRUQHJRWLDWLRQRIWKH FRQGLWLRQVRIOLIH ǀŝ /LVWRI$EEUHYLDWLRQV $+ Axe handles6KRHPDNHU +RDUG:DVKLQJWRQ'& %& The back country5HVHWHGQ1HZ'LUHFWLRQV1HZ<RUN %) Back on the fire: essays&RXQWHUSRLQW%HUNHOH\&$ '3 Danger on peaks6KRHPDNHU +RDUG86$ (++ Earth house hold: technical notes & queries to fellow dharma revolutionaries1HZ'LUHFWLRQV1HZ<RUN () The etiquette of freedom: Gary Snyder, Jim Harrison, and the practice of the wildHG3(EHENDPS&RXQWHUSRLQW %HUNHOH\ *56 The Gary Snyder reader: prose, poetry, and translations 1952-1998&RXQWHUSRLQW1HZ<RUN +:+% He who hunted birds in his father's village: the dimensions of a Haida Myth&RXQWHUSRLQW%HUNHOH\&$ /25 Left out in the rain)LUVW6KRHPDNHU +RDUGHGLWLRQHGQ 6KRHPDNHU +RDUG(PHU\YLOOH&$ 0 7 Myths & texts1HZ'LUHFWLRQV1HZ<RUN 05:( Mountains and rivers without end&RXQWHUSRLQW %HUNHOH\&$ 11 No nature: new and selected poems3DQWKHRQ%RRNV 1HZ<RUN 30 This present moment: new poems&RXQWHUSRLQW %HUNHOH\&$ 36 A place in space: ethics, aesthetics, and watersheds &RXQWHUSRLQW%HUNHOH\&$ 3: The practice of the wild&RXQWHUSRLQW%HUNHOH\&$ 5&03 Riprap and cold mountain poemsWKDQQLYHUVDU\HGQ &RXQWHUSRLQW%HUNHOH\&$ 5: Regarding wave1HZ'LUHFWLRQV1HZ<RUN 7, Turtle Island1HZ'LUHFWLRQV1HZ<RUN 75: LQ:P60F/HDQ HG The real work: interviews & talks 1964-19791HZ'LUHFWLRQV1HZ<RUN ϭ ,QWURGXFWLRQ «RIWHQZKHQ\RXZDGHLQ6Q\GHU VSRQG\RXILQG\RXUVHOIXSWR\RXUDVV LQDOOLJDWRUV ²-LP'RGJH *65S[L[ ၜ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ild MindLW EHLQJKHSRVLWVDFUHDWLYHVRXUFHDQGDSV\FKRORJLFDOVSLULWXDORU SKLORVRSKLFDOWRROIRUPDNLQJRQH VZD\LQOLIH6Q\GHULQLWLDOO\FRLQHGWKHWHUP :LOG0LQGLQDWDONJLYHQDWWKHILUVWQDWXUHZULWLQJFRQIHUHQFHKHOGIRUWKH $UW RIWKH:LOG LQ,WDSSHDUVDVRQHRIDNH\OLVWRISRLQWVIRUD 1HZ1DWXUH Ϯ 3RHWLFV 6Q\GHUVWDWHV «WKDWLWVWXG\PLQGDQGODQJXDJH²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e who hunted birds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arth house hold +HZULWHV :LWK DUWLVWVFHUWDLQNLQGVRIVFLHQWLVWV\RJLQVDQGSRHWVDNLQGRIPLQGVHQVHLV QRWRQO\VXUYLYLQJEXWPRGHVWO\IORXULVKLQJLQWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\ 6LJQLILFDQWO\6Q\GHUGRHVQRWIUDPH PLQGVHQVH LQDQ(DVWHUQFRQWH[WEXW ϯ GUDZVZKROO\IURP&ODXGH/HYL6WUDXVV VThe savage mind ,WV LQIOXHQFHRQWKHIRUPXODWLRQRIWKHFRQFHSWRIWKH:LOG0LQGLVHYLGHQWLQWKH IROORZLQJSDVVDJHTXRWHGE\6Q\GHU «LWLVQHLWKHUWKHPLQGRIVDYDJHVQRURISULPLWLYHRUDUFKDLFKXPDQLW\ EXWUDWKHUPLQGLQLWVXQWDPHGVWDWHDVGLVWLQFWIURPPLQGFXOWLYDWHGRU GRPHVWLFDWHGIRU\LHOGLQJDUHWXUQ«:HDUHEHWWHUDEOHWRXQGHUVWDQG WRGD\WKDWLWLVSRVVLEOHIRUWKHWZRWRFRH[LVWDQGLQWHUSHQHWUDWHLQWKH VDPHZD\WKDW LQWKHRU\DWOHDVW LWLVSRVVLEOHIRUQDWXUDOVSHFLHVRI ZKLFKVRPHDUHLQWKHLUVDYDJHVWDWHDQGRWKHUVWUDQVIRUPHGE\ DJULFXOWXUHDQGGRPHVWLFDWLRQWRFRH[LVWDQGFURVV«ZKHWKHURQH GHSORUHVRUUHMRLFHVLQWKHIDFWWKHUHDUHVWLOO]RQHVLQZKLFKVDYDJH WKRXJKWOLNHVDYDJHVSHFLHVLVUHODWLYHO\SURWHFWHG7KLVLVWKHFDVHRIDUW WRZKLFKRXUFLYLOL]DWLRQDFFRUGVWKHVWDWXVRIDQDWLRQDOSDUN SS 6Q\GHUDGRSWVVLPLODUGHVFULSWLRQVLQODWHUSURVHZRUNWRDUWLFXODWHWKH GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQD FLYLOLVHG DQG ZLOG PLQGVHW ,QTurtle Island ILUVWSXEOLVKHGLQ 6Q\GHUDUWLFXODWHVDPRUH FRQFLVH SROLWLFDO FRPSRQHQWWRKLVWKLQNLQJDURXQGWKHOLQNEHWZHHQWKHZLOG