''''' TITLE the What and -How of Teaching Afro-American Culture and History In

- ED 069 578. SO 004 961

/ . . . ''''' TITLE The What and_ -How of Teaching Afro-American Culture and History in. the Elementary Schools. INSTITUTION New York State Education Dept., Albany. Div. of

Relationt .1,ntercultu.ral in Education.

. PUB DATE 72... " . NOTE2 84.,,

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EDRS 'PRICE mr-$O.65 HC-$3.29 . . . DESCRIPTORS Activity Units; *African American Studies; *African Culture; *African .Hisibry;, Elementary Grades; Ethnic .Studies; Instructional Materials; *Interdisciplinary. ,-Approach;- Social Studies; Teaching 'Guides -ABSTRACT Elementary instructional materials are offered in this, guide for teachers to he'lp them learn and teaoh about Africa, simultaneouslY. Interdisciplinary African material's' and suggested activities are integrated into'the total curriculum. Emphasis is upon relating themany African contributions which resulted. -in a fuller and better life for all. In the first section ai calendar of. significant events lists :related activities and projects. Language arts,. in the second section, includes readings, poetry, drama, and additional activities which emphasize.iffectiVe objectives to help students'undetstand what it means to be black. The third section, social' studies, is' arranged by the topics .'kfrican history, ,cultural insightwon Africa, African geography, Afro-American history,, and United States historiCal figures. The, next three sections deal with relating understandings about African' and Afro-American culture and history to math, ()science, art, and physical eduCation. Appendices include a bibliography of suggested hooks and a bibliography specifically for teachers. (SJM)'

a THE IllAi A

OF TEACHING

CULTURE AN E

ELEME

ESHU, DYNAMIC, UNPREDICTABLE ELEMENT !N YORUBA (NIGERIA).

'412f :Ttit6.: ..-11t..ft'ej: Ast:P3-'11 I THE U N IV HSTA p,601Pi ii.VPRKYTHE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT DIVESION OF IN TIERcULTUR LUNY,NEW .1972444n4Pfg,'N,, r lz. nrftft'-'A, 1"lt **1;16). af.910.11:el&k)-11.1,-xot U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. OUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON on ORGANIZATION ORIG- INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EOU

. .

OF- TEACILING AFR.O.NAMERICAI

...CULTIIRE .A1111 HISTORY. ill

ELEMENTARY SCI111011 a

ESHU, DYNAMIC, UNPREDICTABLE ELEMENT IN YORUBA (NIGERIA)..

-THE UNIVERSITTOF_THE STATE OF NEW YORK/THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT DIVISION OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS IN EDUCATION/ALBANY,NEW YORK 12224, 1972 -

2 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATEOF NEW YORK Regents of the University (withyears when terms expire) ;WA JOSEPH W. Mc Gomm, A.B., LL.B.,L.H.D., LLD., D.C.L., 1 Chancellor ..... - - . New York 1985 EVERETT J..PCNIM D.C.S.. Vice . Chimeellor White Plains 1978 ALEXANDER J. ALLAN, JR., LLD., Litt.D. Troy 1973 CHARCES W. MILLARD, .411., A.B., LLD., LAID. Buffalo 1987 CARL ff. PronzlictNtut. - z 0 A.B., D.C.S., H.H.D. - Purchase 1975 EDWARD M. M. WARBURG, BS., L.H.D. New York 1977 Jesuit .T. Kiri°, LLB. Queens i974 Jesuit- G:-Istott.ie4To, M.D. - ... Brooklyn 1976 Mits. iltaxst B. Powtat, A.B., Litt.D.. 1.11.11.LLD. Rochester 1979 FRANCIS W. MCGINLEY, M.S.; LL.B., LL.D. Glens Falls 1980 MAx.1. RUBIN, LL.B., L.H.D. ... New York 1986 KENNETH B. CLARK, A.B., M.S.. Ph.D.,Litt.D. Hastings on Hudson 1982 STEPHEN K. BAILEY,AR, B.A M.A., Ph.D., LL.D. Syracuse 1983 illatoLD E. NEwcoma. B.A. Owego 1981 THEODORE M. BLACK, A.B., Litt.D. .. Sands Point President of the University and Commissionerof.' Education EWAI.D B. NxQuist Executive Deputy Commissioner of Education Connos M. MIDACII

Deputy Commissioner for Elementary,' Secondary,and Continuing Edw.:Man Iti6mAs D. 'SHELDON ."

3 0

'FOREWORD ()

`c., As their rianle indicateS,,,the ancestral roole of ,AfrciAmericatis are in Africa. -African history is among man's otdest, and current African affairs arcamong man's newest major developitts.

11 o r$ 0., African'descendants. in the United States. of America have contributed to the"% building. beautifying, and protection of the countryfrom the, beginning days of ex.; pioration.The concern of this publication is: to pres6t the facts-in such a way that

O teachers Zart-le*.. and. teagh-simultancously.:., ,z,611 em'riciiluni ..areas are included, . ,0 for the elementary classroom teacher's,.., task is to'cleal with. all. or them, Jhroughout . . E . . , ., the schiSol -*year...... , ,. . -'.. i ," . t .-t. . ._ This publication'.was prepared, by Edwina Chasers Johnson in cooperation' , with the Divisio'n ,of In" terctiltural Relations at'' the invitation brMrs. Nida E. . i 1 r., .-- Thomas, former -Chief;of the Burcau bf Educational Integration:HOwardvYates; associate, Bureau of. Elementaty-eurribultim Development, and Stanley Calhoun, , t$ A 0 'State University. of New York at Albany reviewed the manuscriptand Robcrt Femenell of the Diviiion of Intercultural Relations worked with Mrs.:Johnson in a final editing. The entire publication was deveIomiiiinder the direct supervision ' '..of the late Wilbur R. NordOs;,Administrator, Divisten of Intercultural Relations. ... - .. . . Division Of Intercultural Relations :.-,. TABLE. OF CONTENTS

PAGE Foreword ii i

Suggested Calendar With Related Activitici,, and Projects I Language Arts 4 Readings b 4 Poetry 5 Drama 13 Additional' Activities 17 Social Studies 19 The Scholar Called Father of Negro History 19 History Africa 19 Erdy African History 20 'Cultural Insights Africa 29 Unit of Study Combined With Classroom PrOjectson Food and Clothing..31 Geography Africa , 32

History Afro-Ametican 35 - Historical Fipres United States 40 Mathematics 43 Egyptian Frectinns 35 Science 46 Technology t 47 Music 48 African Music 48 Afro-American Music 50 Arts and Crafts 55 Bulletin Board Ideas -- Suitable Grade Levels K -2 55 Physical Activities 57 :Bibliography Appendix A ,60 Bibliography for Teachers 67

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N SUGGESTED CALENDAR WITH. RELATED ACTIVITIES AND PROjECTS

mcoNni YEAR OF YEAR OF AM) DAY NAME BIRTH DEATH CONTRIBUTION ACTIVITY

. SeptemberJesse Owens 1913 Olympic star Planning for year's physical .activity program. 12 4 * Learning about the Olympics: 13 Alain Leroy .1886 1954Author, philiao-Opening the class library which-includes books.:\ Locke pher by Afril-American writers,' assigning 'works, for .pupil reading, such as-leading a story:- about,1-about, John Henry, a poem by Gwendolyn Brooks; or sharing picture. books', about, Afriu,

October Nat Turner . 1800 1831 Leader of slave Discussion or unit on civil 'rights, insurrection:,.

(?) . uprising antl their meaning. . ,- 10 R. Nathaniel 1882 .1943 Pianist, com- Unit on Afro-Amercipn Music": introducing the., Dett poser ,I.spiritunl, blues, jazz;. and" " rock.", Show filmstrip aI:out Afritan music and culuire;,-±

25 . U.N. Day ...Emphasis during U.K. week can' embrac4 the diversity of peoples of.the,world' represented = accent can be placed on the:.large 'number of'., African member-nations..Pupils may; write to .0 the various African missions for.pictutes and booklets =the,n: niake scrapbooks of materials obtained.Children can dre ss ',as U.N. mem- - bers, have a U.N. party.Hi; -Neighbor books are excellent for guidelines. ° November Benjamin 1,731 1$06Astronomer, Unit on Afro-American inventors whoTfolloW 9 Banneker inventor, Banncker; relate to unit on the solar system, or mathemati- relate to the designing of Wathington,.D.C. cian

16 . W. C. Handy 1873 1958 Father of Unit on Afro-American music: discussion of the " The' Blues"-spiritual, blues, jazz, " rock r as refletting the history of the Afro-American experience. December Dr. David i R.,9 Author. physi- Civil rights martyrs;--civil rights activities, dis- .16 Ruggles cian, under- cussion of the mnderground_ railroad in New ground rail- York. road leader 19 Carter G. 1875 195u Historial In planning for the Christmas holiday recess: Woodson pupils may be assigned or may-volunteer 1.,1 read a book on Afro-American history during recess. January George 1864 1943 Onof the Celebration of Carver Day, as publicly pro-. 5 Washington world's great-claimed yearly by the Governor of New York Carver est chemur- State. Have a party; make foods out of peanuts; gists, devel- taste peanut butter; sing songs about Carver. oper of peanut butter 7 Ethiopian Unit.on the Ethiopian ChristMas variance, in Christmas celebration as well as difference in calet4ir, clock, and number' of months per year. 2

MONTH YEAR OF YEAR OF AND DAY NAME BIRTH DEATH CONTRIBUTION ACTIVITY

15 Martin. L. 1929 1968 Nobel prize DiscussiOn of his life, his organization (S.C.L.C.) King, Jr. winner, civil as well as other civilrightsorganizations:i rights martyrC.O.R.E., N.A.A.C.P., S.N.C.C., Urban League. . Read a story about his life_ 18 Dr. Daniel 1858 1931 Surgeon, pen, t. Discussion of " open heart " surgery, which has Hale Williams formed -first become famous since heart transplantation is 0 surgery on being tried today. human heart February Langston 1902 1967 Historian, poet Choral speaking poetry from works of Langston 1 Hughes Hughes.Reading projects: books written by Langston Hughes. . 14 , Frederick 1817 1895 Abolitionist, Negro History Week includes Douglass' birth Douglass writer, oratordate.Discuss his having taught himself to read and. having paid. children to teach him. March ,Crispus (?) 1770 First to die in 5 Unit on the American Revolution, and role of Attueks cause of Afro-American in it.This might lead into dis- American cussion and study of the numbers of Afro- Revo!.otion Americans in the American. Revolution and all American wars fought thereafter.Learn a song about Attucks. Have a parhde.In many com- munities of the country the 5th of March is celebrated a5 " Crispus Attucks Dax." 10 Harriet 1820 1913 Undergrmtnd Unit on the underground railroad Relate to Tubman railroad leaderawl discuss theovergroUnd " railroad of the 20th century.(AfroAmerican migration from the rural south to the urban north)\ , 20 Jan 1852. 1887-Inventor of shoe Unit on some ,Afro-American inventions which Matzelinger lasting ma- make our .daily life more comfortable: inexpen- chine' -sive shoes (Matzelinger), safety. traffic *raffle light, G. Morgan), refinedsugar, evaporated mills (Rilleinx) nril Booker T. 1856 1915 Educator Discussion of industrial education, of which Washington Washington was the pioneer.List skills students learn and need through industrial educa-, tion. 15. Afiica Day f. Make flags of African countries.Have a party and serve an African meal, using African,nap- Iins and designs to decorate the table.Use bright colors afid geometric African designs. \ 23 Granville T. 1856 1910 Inventor , Unit on transportati n, especially the railway Woods telegraph. May Elijah 1844 1928 InventOr Relate to.unit ontransportation,,especially 2 McCoy " lubricating cup " developed by McCoy.

IS . . P. W. 1876 1933 Author, bankerLesson on the security pupils have when de- Chavers , positing money in banks today.(If there is a school banking activity, the lessoncan be given on " School Bank Day.") . 18 Malcolm X 1925 1966 Civil rights Unit on civil rights activitiesmartyrs, their martyr lives.Malcolm X Day is celebrated inmany or ununities. MONTH YEAR OF YEAR OF :,9) DAY NAME BIRTH DEATH CONTRIBUTION ACTIVITY June Dr. Charles 1904 1950 Developer of Relate to Red Cross campaign in the school. 3 R. Drew blood plasmaDiscuss the importance of blood plasma, how it saves lives.Explain that Dr,. Drew developed the Blood Bank. 17 James "I 187'i 1938 Poet, composer,Teach. the song " Lift Every Voice and Sing." Johnson author Excellent for assembly presentation.Interpret the words, in terms of pupil understanding. 27 Paul- L. 1872 1908 Poet Teach some of his poetry througivehoral speak- Dunbar ing or individual mignment. 'Class may inter pret the lines of his p:%ntry.

ADDITIONAL SUGGESTED CALENDAR. OF ACTT

SeptemberRecognize Ghana's harvest: Odjira; locate Ghana on the globe.Learn a Ghanian, game. Ethiopian New Year Falls during second week of our Read a story about Ethiopia. NovemberLearn song about Benjamin Banneker, his clock, his almanac.Draw pictures of a clock. December Recognize Carter G. Woodson's Nrth dote. :-* He is called The Father of Negro History. February Play games from Afrida, sing songs from Africa,learn about musical instruments from Africa.Identify instruments in, class rhythm band which are of African origin. Commemorate the death of Malcolm X, recognize his intentions to bring equality to the world. March Read some bf Aesop's Fables. Discuss well known animal moral stories. May When teachingtransportation, introduce the important names of Elijah McCoy, Granville T. Woods, Garrett Morgan, as ir.venzors of note. LANGUAGE ARTS

READINGS down. the tree backwards that this. wouldbe a good The reading section contains two stories suitabl.cfor time to nab. him.But Riley saw what Fredwas re.ading to early elementary -10Idren fromMargatet T. up. to. before-he went up the tree.Riley began . Bwrough's Whip Me, Whn;. .;w Pudding.The work pulling the peaches: contains other storics adaptuileto, various levels of " Fling them down here, Riley," saidFred, elementary education.. "Fling them where Ican catch them." It is further suggested that the it.cheruse Aesop's " If I fling them down Whereyou are Fred," Fablos.It's usually of intemst r4- children andadults hollered. Riley, " Andyou`-.should chance to miss alike, to discover that thisag- famous writer was them, they will be squashed,so I'll just pitch'them black. out yonder in the grass where they won'tget ***** ',11* busted." So Riley flung thepeaches, out in the grasS and when Fred Fox went afterthem Riley shinnieddown and out of the tree.When he was a little way off Riley calledto Fred that he had a Riley's Ridde riddle for him to read. by " What is it Riley2." asked Fred. " This," said Riley, " Big bird rob andlittle,bird Margaret T. Butroughs sing.The big bee zoom and the little beesting. The little ,man leads and the big horse follows.'Can One day Riley decided to earn his'ownliving you tell what's good forhead in the .hollow? " so he laid off a piece of ground ,ttcl planted himself' Fred Fox thought and thought. Hescratched his a potato patch.Fred Fox saw ..J1 of this goingon head ' and thought somemore. The more he and he figUred that Riley had suddenly`calmed studied, the more he got' mixedup with the riddle . down because he was afraid.Fred decided that and after a while he said, " Riley) Igive up.Tell this would be a goodtime,to pay Riley back iior me the answer to the riddle." all the tras that had been playy,lon him. " So you can't read a simple riddle likethat," decided to harass Riley about the:',",tato patch. said Riley, " Comc along withme and I'll show you One time he left the draw bars :town.Another how to read thatriddle..Before you read it, you'll night Fred flung off the top bars. Thenext have to eat some honey and I know just theplace he tore down a panel of the fence. Fredkept cu where we can find some fine honey." this way until Riley didn't know whatto do., When " Where is that? " asked Fred. Fred saw that Riley did nothing. hewas convinced ."AV at Bobby Bear's beehive." that Riley was afraid. He decided that. it,was just; " I don't have much of a sweet tooth Riley," said about to gobble Riley up so one day he called Fred, " But I\would like toget to the bottoM of, pit Riley and invited him to go for a waik. this riddle so I guess I'llgo along."They started " Whereto? " asked Riley. out and it wasn't long before theycame to Bobby " Oh, right out yondef." said Fred. . Bear's beehives.Riley rapped one of them with "Where is right out yonder? " asked Riley. Hs case.He tapped one 'after the other until he " Out yonderintheorchard."saidFred, '..::me to one that sounded. as if it was full of honey. " Where there are some mighty fine peaches. " This One is full Fred," said Riley. Hewent want you to climb the tree and fling.them down." behind the hive." I'll tip it up and .you put your " Oh well," said Riley, " I don'tcare if I do." head inside and get the drippings." Sn the two of thim set out.After a while they Riley tilted the hive up and Fred jammed cam:: to the peach orchard. his Riley picked out a head underneath it.Then Riley turned it loose good tree and climbed it while Fred satat the foot. (lid the hive came right downon Fred's neck add He figured that since Riley would havetp come there he was! -Fred kicked and squealed, danced and pranced, buzzed and prayed but all to no avail things.including the cups, plates and the coffee pot. for there he was!Riley got off some distance and Tired and loaded down;he started back home. As ' then. he called back, "Don't you get the riddle yet he walked he noticed some marks in the dust on Fred?Honey is good for a head in the hollow! " the road. There was the print of Fred Fox'S-bushy Riley then went off and told Bobby Bear that Fred, tail, of Willie Wolf's long tail and Bobby Bear's Fox was trying to rob his beehives.When Bobby short tail. .heard that he got a handful of hickory switches and " Ah ha! thought Riley. "bet they're hiding let Fred- have it and then he turned him loose. down in the hollow and Planning to jump inc. Fred never forgot Riley's riddle after that., That's not going' to happen!He quivkly hid his (From WHIP ME, WHOP ME PUDDING by Margaret packages in the bushes and ran down to the gully. T. Burroughs.(c) 1966, Museum of African-American Sure enough there they were. They didn't see hit History.) so Riley ran back to_his. packages.He put the ***m.o.« coffee pot on his head and ran a twig through the handles of the tin'cups and slung them across his shoUlder. He put some of the plates in one hand Old Man Spewtersplutter and sonic in the other. He crept to the top of the by hill and starfed down it with a terrible racket! The-noise startled 'Bobby Bear so much that he Margaret' T.' Burroughs almOst ran over Fred Fox, Willie Wolf and Michael Mink." Give. me room!Give me' room!Give One season Riley. Rabbit made a good crop of me room! !! shouted Riley as.he clatteredby, "I'm peanuts. He planned to take them to town to sell Old man Spewtersplutter!"Fred, Willie, Bobby them. and Michael were so frightened that they split the " When you get the money," said Mrs. Rabbit; air in getting away from there.. Get a coffee, pot for the family and some cups and plates for the .children to eat and drink out of." (From WHIP ME. WHOP ME PUDDING by Margaret T. Burroughs.(c) 1966, Museum of African-American " That's just what I'm going to do." said _Riley, History.) " as soon as I get to town." But before Riley could *,******* get out of the gate good, his wife had rushed across to Mrs. Mink's house and told them the news that Riley was going to town to get some things POETRY. for the children. The poetry in this section is arranged ifi sequence When Micit5c1 Mink came home. Mrs. Mink from material that can be read to early elementary grade complained,Look here Michael.I hear that children for sheer enjoymei4t to verse that lays bare the Riley Rabbit is.g.-0.g to town to buy some things artist's soul as he or she attempts to give vernal form for his children. I clet sec why you- can't buy to what it means to be black). something for yours sometime." Then the quarrel The poetry presents various expressions and senti- began.. Mrs. Min1:. carried the word to Mrs. Fox ments.Due to the maturity of children in. the middle and 1;.,:i got a raking over the coals.Then grades. poetry dealing with- civil rights can be 'intro- Mrs. -:10 Mrs. Dear and she caught Bobby duced. . The teacher may pose questions about what the Bear wh,. n he got home. Soon everyone knew that author is stating, what the pupil learns about the au- Riley was go tog to town on Satinday to shop for thor's ideas of the subject matter. how the pupil feels hisnily. All of t1;ther children began to worry about the \subject matter of the poetry.Pupils may be their mothers to woitry their fathers to go to town gncouraged to- write their own poltry, to learn the poems and get them something too. for assembly presentation. for china! speaking at special Such a commotion vas Caused that Fred Fox, times. Theems offer new vocabulary words, imagery, Willie Wolf, Michael Mink, 1:1(J.,by Bear and the and various styles of. writh,g, wt..11 as messages and other animals decided' to nab Ri, y when he came challent.,!s,to pupils of the r';:iddle grades whose worlds back from town for causing such disturbances in are expanding-1n this already changing social climate. their households. The poems al4? offer the teacher an opportunity to open The day came and Riley went i.town bright discussions about' such subjects as personal feelings. and early. He sold the.peanuts and toUght many ambitions, del eloping values in life.

10 There is often a theme of " the-dan m of freedom " Night woke tO blush; the spritewas gone. to be found: repeatedly. there is the return to Africa in Men saw the blush and called it Dawn. imagery.Recurring is the demand for equal treatment. Excellent opportunities can be made for chin discus= (From THE COMPLETE POEMS OF PAUL'LAU- sion of current events and racial relations through dis- RENCE -DUNBAR by Paul, Laurence Dunbar.New york, N.Y. Dodd, Mead & Company, The. cussion of what th,0 poet was saying to the reader. (c) 1913.) ********

c.0 Val The Voyage of Jimmy Poo by by Gwendolyn Brooks James A. Emanuel. When grown-ups at parties arc laughing, A soapship went a - rocking do not like the sound. Upon a bathtub sea. It doesn't have any froiting Thc sailor crouched a-smiling It doesn't go up from the gtaund. Upon a dimpled knee.. So when my Daddy chased me Young Neptune dashed the waters Away from the bend in the stair (Against enamel shore. With a " Get about your business!" And kept the air a-tumbling didn't really, care. With bubble-cloUds galore. I'd rather be in the basement. But soon the voyage ended. I'd rather be outside. The ship was swept away I'd rather. get my bicr.e.ii; By a hand that seemed to. whisper And ride. " There'll be no more games today (From BRONZEVILLE BOYS AND GIRLS byGwen- The ship lay dry and stranded dolyn Brooks. Copyright 1956 by GwendolynBrooks Blakely.Reprinted by permission of Harper & Row, On a shiny metal tray, Publishers.) And a voicewas giving orders ******** That a sailor must obey. Tommy Oh captairi, little captain, Make .room for just one more by The next time you le) sailing Gwendolyn Brooks Beyond enamel shore.. (Reprinted with the permission of the author James A. I put a seed into the ground Emanuel.It wa,s first published in The New York And said, " watch it grow." Times, March 20, 1951.) I' Watered it and cared for it ***** *** As well as I could know. One day I walked in my back yard, Dawn And oh, what did I see! My seed had popped itself right out by Without consulting me. Paul Lauren:; Dtinbar if (From:BRONZEVILLE BOYS AND GIRLS, by Gwen- An angel, robed in spotless White,, dolyn Brooks. Copyright 1956* by Gwendolyn Brooks Blakely.Reprinted by permission of Harper & Row, Bent down and kissed the sleeping Night. Publishers.) .977""'"'"woomammmmomma°0110w

She led her folk from bondage On many, -many trips; A gim beneath het cloak but Paul Laurence°.Dunbar ,. A prayer, On. her lips! A. crust of bread and .:.rarer to 'sleep in, -. Sometimes they grew so frightened A minute to smile and an hour to wec'p Their bodies 'quaked with fears. A piii,1_01 joy to u, pc-0; ofrOuSle,. Shc nudged them with her gun and And never a laugh but the nibanscome double: ,. Then wiped away" their tears! And ihitt -is . c...... She 'slipped behind the Rebel lines; crust .t ;Aug a corner that ,love precibus,-. With A Union spy was she, ci . 4 =m 'arid the tears to refresh us: She burned their crops and freed their slavei,, And joy scems S-W-ileter when carescome after, Then left to set more free! ..",. Anda rr nab- is the. firiv4 of foils for..: laughter: And that is Ade! (From GRI? Ai- AMERICAN NEGROES IN VERSE by Eloise Cruz,..by. Cutter.The Associated Publishers, (From THE COMPt:Eit POE R'S OF; PAUL J.AU- :(C) 1966.) RE.NCE -DUNBAR by Paul Lass, rice 'Dunbar. .:New * *** * ** Yolk. N, Drxid, Mear,1 Inc.(c) 1013.) James 'Meredith's COurageous Student (let 1.1p. Blues 1933 - Mississippi James A. Ernanuel by %- Eloise Crosby Culver illues Never chab a hill A lonely ligure strode on, Or on .a roof Alone, yet midst a crowd; In starligpt_ Though hearing jeers of hundreds, Illue; His head was still unbowed! . Just bets,' low And mibAn in the street Alone is not the right word-- And shake a borrowed 'cup. For millions walked with him, Some fearful, others joyous; (Reprinted_ with the permission of the author JamesA. Some eyes with tears grew dim. Emanuelit was first poblAtxd in Pkvlon. XXII, No.1 (Spring 1961),) Like James, take heart, my children. Most hurdles you can mount; For soon, good men who falter Harriet l'utiman . Will stand up for the count! Freedom Fighter Abou' 1823-1913 Like James, work hard; my children! Maryland The weak can always hate, by Your education's one thing No foe can dissipate! E oise Crosby Culver. Graduated August 1963, from University of Micssippi. tss Mose* people called her. For sbe war,. titry brave. (From GREAT AMERICAN NEGROES IN VERSE by Eloise Crosby Culver.The AssoCiated Publishers, 4.1he opened doors ol freedom Ins.le) 1966.) To help the hopeful slate. ** *****

. , : The White House ti. Glow Child by - by "Claude ,McKay Constance E. Berkley

-Your- door is shut against my tightened face, Black ,child so small 0 And I am ,sharp as steel with discontent;, Tiny segment of wondrous color

But-1 possess the courage and the grace Who would ever think .

- To bear my anger proudly and. unbent. That you . The paVement slabs burn losii& beneith,my feet; Who arc so unsung in Song A chafing savage down the decent street; Could;a11 at once shimmer And passion rends my vitals as I pass, Like a heavy sun Where boldly shines your ,shuttered door of glass. Turning night-tithe to day Oh, I. must search for wisdom every hour, In one-small.face Deep in my "wrathful bosom sore and raw, When laughter peels frbm your throat And find in it the superhuman power Pulling back the full lips To hold me to the letter of your law! Sending sunrays through the field of your face (From SELECTED POEMS OF CLAUDE MCKAY And the ite gleam of your teeth Aby Claude McKay. New York, N.Y. Twayne Pub- Highlights the dark contours of your cheeks.... lishers, Inc.(c) 1953.) (" Glow Child " by Constance E. Berkley.Vol. 7, No. 2, Spring 1967. ** Reprinted with permission of * * * * * * Freedomways.) *** ***IL* If We Must Die by I'm Laughin' To Keep From Cryin' by Claude McKay Jim Williams If we must die let it not be like hogs Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot, I'm _laughin' to keep from cryin' While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs, Just laughin' to keep from dyin' Making their mock at our accursed lot. But do your know why? ICwe must die oh, let us nobly die, Do you want to know Why? So that our precious blood may not be she I'm langhin', cryin', dyin'! In vain;, then even the .monsters we dety Shall be constrained to honor us though dead! 'Cleanite, other people's floors Oh Kinsmen! We must meet the common foe; Cookin':_otiter people's meals Though far outnumbered, let us show us brave Mindin' other people's store, And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow! Openin' other people's doom. What though before us lies the open grave? Like men we'll face .the murderous, cowardly pack. That's why Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back! I'mlaughin' to keep from cryin' Just laughin'. to keep from dyin' (Fr.= SELECTED POEMS OF CLAUDE MCKAY . But do you know 'Noy': by Claude McKay. New York, N.Y.Twayne Pub- lishers, Inc.(c) 1953.) Do you really' know why? I'm laughin', cryin', in'. ******** Plowin' other people'; fields Liftin' other people's loads Fightin' other people's wars Holdin' other people's woes.

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One day Street in New Orleans, lost disinherited dispos- Together, be sure, we'll scan' tall _, sessed and HAPPY people filling the cabarets, Without: fear, I know we won't stall . and taverns and other people's pockets needing We're Makin' what's owed. bread and shoes and milk and land and money Do you understan' why? and Something Something all our own; . Then be nomore. Laughin', cryin'.. dyin'. For my people walking blindly, spreading joy, losing time being lazy, sleeping when hungry, (From FREEDOMWAYS. Vol. 4, No. 2, Sprinel 964.) shouting when burdened, drinking when hope- 818 811 818 48 less, tied and shackled and tangled among our- selves by the unseen creatures who V. .ver over us omnisciently and laugh; For My. People For my people-blundering and groping-and floun- by dering in the dark of churches and schools and Margaret Walker clubs and societies,associations and councils and committees and conventions, distressed and For my people everywhere singing their slave songs disturbed and deceived and devoured by money- repeatedly:. their dirges and their ditties and their ungry glory-craving leeches, preyed on by facile blue..; and jubilec..s, praying their prayers nightly rce of state and fad and novelty by false to ati unknown god, bending their knees humbly pr7het and holy believer; to an unseen power; For my people standing staring trying to fashion c4. For my people lending their strength to the years: a better way froni confusion from hypocrisy and to the gone years and the now years and the misu4rstanding, tryingto fashion a world that . maybe years, washing ironing cooking scrubbing will hold all the people all the faces all the adams sewing mending hoeing plowing digging planting and eves zbltheir countless generations; pruning patching dragging along never gaining Let a new earth ris Let another world be born. never reaping never knowing and never under- Let a bloody peace beritten in the sky.Let a standing; second generation full of c age issue forth, let For my playmates in the clay and dust and sand a people loving freedom .come growth, let a of Alabama backyards playing baptizing and beauty full of healing and a stren of final preaching, and doctor and jail and soldier and clenching be the pulsing in our spiritand-our school and mama and cooking and playhouse _blood.Let the martial songs be written, let the and concert and store and Miss Choomby and dirges disappear.Let a race of men now rise hair and company; and take control! For the cramped bewildered years we went to (From FOR MY PEOPLE by Margaret. Walker. Copy- school to learn to know the reasons why and the right, 1942' by Yale University Press.) answers to and the people who and the places ***** * * * Where and the days when, in memory of the bitter hours when we discovered we were black and poor and small and different and nobody won- Yet Do I Marvel - dered and nobody understood; by For the boys and girls who grew in spite of these things to be Man and Woman, to laugh and Countee Cullen dance and sing and play and drink their wine and religion and success, to marry their play- I doubt not God is good, well-meaning, kind, mates and bear children and then die of con- And did He stoop to quibble could tell why sumption and anemia and lynching; The little buried mole continues blind, Why flesh that mirrors Him must someday die. For my people thronging 47th Street in .Chicago Make plain the reason tortured Tantalus and Lenox Avenue in New York and Rampart Is baited by the fickle fruit, declare

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If merely brute caprice dooms Sisyphus from' the China trees To struggle up a never-ending stair. to the fallow ground. Inscrutable His ways are, and immune To catechism by a mind too Strewn Easy. easy drums With petty cares to slightly unch,cstano and sweet leaves overhead, What awful brain compels His awful hand. easy %vim! and rain Yet do I marvel at this curious thing: your dancing girlis dead. To make apoet black, and bid him sing! (Reprinted by permission of Harold Ober Associates. (From ON THESE I STAND by Counte'e Cullen. Copy-. Inc.Published in PERSONALS 1963 by Arna Bon- right, .1925 by Harper Brothers; renewed 1953 by Ida- temps.) M. Cullen.) ******** ******** A Black Man Talks of Reaping Here Is The 'Sea by by Arm Bontemps Arna Bontemps I have sown beside all waters in my day. Here indeed is the rising surf, planted deep, within my heart the fear the sea you told me of: That wincfor fowl would take the grain away. a singing wind, I planted safe againit this stark, lean year. a sailing moon, and the long, cool wash of wave. I scattered seed enough to plant the land In rows from Canada to Mexico, And here the breath of the storm-cloud But for my reaping only what the hand darkness Can hold at once is all that I can show. and thrt far, mysterious call of lonely gulls. Yet whatsowed and what the orchard yields. My brother's sons are gathering stalk and root, But all the simple sailor men .-Small wonder then my children glean in fields who knew you in that day, They have not sown, and feed on bitter fruit. tell me. Captain, (Reprinted -by permission of Harold Ober Associates, where indeed are they? Inc.Published in PERSONALS 1963 by Arna Bon- . temps.) (Reprinted by permission of Harold Obcr,Associates, ******** inc.Published in PERSONALS 1963 by Arna Bon- temps.) Heritage by Countee Cullen by What is Africa to me: Arna Bontemps Copper sun or scarlet sea, Jungle star or jungle track, Easy on your drums, Strong bronzed men, or regal blaCk easy wind and rain, Women from whose loins I sprang and softer on your horns When the birds of Eden sang? she will not dance again. One three, centuries removed From the scenes his fathers loved, Come easy little leaves Spicy prove, cinnamon tree, without a ghost of sound What is Africa to me? All day long and all night through, Four Epitaphs On thing only must I do: by Quench my pride and cool my blood, Lest I perish in the flood, Countcc Cullen Lest a hidck-i eMber set Timber that tho. ught was wet 1. For My Grandmother. Burning Ilk" the .dryes: flax, This lovely flower fell to seed Mc,";!ii; like the-merest wax, 'Work gently sun and rain; 'rave restore its dead. She held it as her dying creed Nu.' yet hers myheart or head That she' would grow again. In the least way realized 2. For John Keats, Apostle Of Beauty They and I are civilized. Not writ in water nur in mist,. (From ON THESE 1 STAND by Countee Cullen. Sweet lyric throat., thy name. Copyright.i1925 by Harper Brothers; renewed 1953 by Thy singing that cold death kissed Ida M. Cullen.) Have scan:d :.is own with flame.

* * * * * * ** 3. Few Paul Laurence Dunbar Born of the 37,rrowftil heart Mirth was !. crown :iron his head; We Wear the Mask Pride kept his twisted lips epirt In jest, to hiiie a heart that bL:d. by 4. For. A Lady I Know Paul Laurence Dunbir She even thinks that up in heavizn Her class !ics late and snores, We wear the mask that grins andlies. While poor black cherubs rise at.. seven It hides our checks and shades our eyes.:-- To do celestial chores: This debt we pay to human guile; (From ON THESE I STAND. by Countee Cullen. With torn and bleeding'hearts we smile, Copyright, 1925 by Harper Brothers; renewed 1953 by And mouth with myriad subtleties. Ida M. Cullen.) Why should the world be overwise, . . In counting all our tcars and sighs? ******** Nay, let them only see us, while We wear the mask. We smile, but, 0 great Christ, our cries. To Thee from tortured souls arise. What Shall I Tell My Children Who Are _Black? We sine. but oh, the clay is'vile by Beneath our feet, and lonithc mile; Margaret T. BurrOughs But let the world dream otherwise, Feb. 18, 1963 We wear the mask.. (Saluting the Emancipation Centennial Year) (From THE COMPLETE POEMS OF PAUL LAU- RENCE DUNBAR by Paul Laurence Dunbar. New York, N.Y. Dodd, Mead & Company, Inc.(c) 1913.) What shall I tell my children who -are black? Of what it means to be a captive in this dark ;kin. * * * * * * * * What shall I tell my dear ones, fruit of my. womb Of how _beautiful. they are when everywhere they turn They arc faced with abhorrence of everything that is black. The night is black and so is the boogicman. Villains are black with black hearts. A black cow gives no milk. A black hen lays no eggs.

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Bad news comcs bordered in black, mourning clothes And his hcritagc will be his weapon black, And his armor, will make him strong enougn to:win Storm clouds, black, 'black is evil Any battle he may fact.And since this story is

And evil is black and devils' food is black Oft obscured, I muse sacrifice to.find it .- For my children, evea.as I sacrificed to feed What shall I tell my dear ones-raised in a white world Clothe and shelter them.So this I will A placc where white has been made to represent ; for them If I love them.; None will do it for me. - , All that is good and pure and fine and decent, I. must find Me, truth of hcritagc for myself Whete clouds'are white and dolls, and heaven And pass it on to them.In years to come.:1 believe, Suiely is white, white place 'with angels Because I have armed -- Robed in white, and cotton candy and ice cream them with the truth, my children, And their children's And milk and ruffled Sunday dresses children will venerate me. And dream houses and long sleek cadillacs And angel's food is white all all white. (From WHIP ME, WHOP ME PUDDING by Mat. garet T. Burroughs.(c) 1966, Museum of African-': What can I say therefore, when my child Anicrian History.) Comes home in tears bccause a playmate ******** Has called him black, big lipped, -flatnosed And nappy headed? What will he think When I dry his tears and whisper, " Ycs, that's true.". Langston Hughes,. the late black poet laureate - But no less-beautiful and dcar. How shall I lift up his head, get him to square His. shoulders,- look his adversaries in the eye, Confident in the knowledge of his worth, Serene under his sable skin and proud of his own beauty? What can I do to give him strength That hi may conic through lift's adversities As a whole human, being unwarpcd and human- in a world Of biased laws and inhuman practices, that he might-- Survive. - And survive he must!For who knows? Perhaps this black child here bears the genius

To discovcr the cure for Cancer' , Or to chart the course for exploration of the universe. So, he --must Survive for the good .of all humanity. He must and will survive. Ihave drunk deeply,.of late, from the fountain Of my black culture, sat at the knee of and learned From Mother Africa, discovered the truth of my heritage,

The truth; so often obscured and omitted.. And I find: I have much to say to my black children. I-will lift up their heads in proud blackness

With the story of their fathers and their fathers'_ . Fathers, and I shall take them into a way back time Of Kings and Queens who ruled the Nile And measured the stars and discovered the Law of mathematics.Upon whose backs have been built The wealth of three contincnts.I will tell him this and " Bring me all,of your dreams, You dreamers... MOM. (Reprinted with the permission of thc author.) r ::. 1 i -, 13 1 - ''

DRAMA A boult Or dish of 1 -.. A bottle of milk -v ielish A glass of butter- A bowl. of tapioca milk A bottle ofmucilage'' Plastic toys A bottle of syrup, ' A dish of icc cream A bowl of ccrcal A bottic.,,of worccs- A bag of flour ,tcrshire A bottle of dye ' Mockcocoanut A jar of pcanut but- Mock oysters to A piece of paper

. . Costumes:Each 'Speaking character should be drcssed . - as one of the prodticts of Dr. Carver's work. A phi- _tlowsliti cut to slip over a 'child's head, with the product made of felt and sewn or glued on the front of the pillowslip is adequate. By using heavy felt-point ink and .writing the name of the product below the felt collage, the ;costume becomes really .dramatic and a good rcading lesson for the young

audience as well as participants. . Setting:A garden; filled with flowers.

Scenery:Large pictures paintings of a garden, simu- lating arr outdoor. scene profuse, with colorful flowers and plants. Vinic Burtc.ws artist Action:- Whcb 'curtain opens, all pupils in double or " Walk Together, t hildren." triple rows. When first speaker begins dcscrip- (Reprinted with the permission of the author.) ton of Dr. Carver's life, the pupil representing Dr. 'Carver pantomimes waking, inspecting plants, holdininp test tubes, reading books. When pupils 'George Washington Carver (c) 1971 sing the song, Dr. Carver stands to the sidc of the stage, engrossed in a book he is ` reading.', by (Characters are numbcrqd below for the sake of sim- -Edwina Chavers Johnson plicity.) (A one act play for primary gradcs) The curtain isclosed while the first three (3) spcak- Characters:Thcrc are twenty -nine (29) cliaracierg in ers address the audience. all.The cast may be cut down to as few as sixteen (16), to accommodatc a smaller class, if nec- 1.(Starch):Class will- present a play today. essary.All spcaking parts are of either a single word or of one simple line, hence the youngest 2.(Swtct Potato):Our class will present the story child may participate. of a great American. 3.(Peanut):Gcorgc Washington Carver Dr. Georgc Washing- Acan of creosote ton .Carver ,Abottle of vinegar (All take a bow as curtain opens.All three take A bottle of starch Aslice of cheese their places in the rows with others.Only A sweet potato Acup of cream Dr. Carver walks to the side of stage from the A peanut Abar of soap rows of children. He takes .a book from his A peanut Acan of coffee pocket and reads carefully while others sing, A bottle of ink Abottle of shampoo " Gcorgc. Washington Carvcr." 14

ve,viat, 3.(Peanut):Dr. Carver made 300 different things I out of peanuts. IAN J 2.(Sweet Potato):Dr. Carter made 100 different mu: -cart.._ . J-- 1J things out of sweet,potatoes. ALL SING:" Dr. George Washington Carver " 1.(Starch):Here 'are just a few of the wonderful things he made:

( Each product comes to front_ ofstage and an- t. i.e.!4,!r e raat,t t - v., le,' vs,.1far nounce:: then takes a bow.). Soap Irtk Coffee 11111.1111110111111111CIIIMIIIPCMIP Relish' Shampoo Tapioca Milk %tn.Rolft. t0. 1^1.- Mucilage Cheese Syrup Buttermilk Cereal Plastics ALL SING:George Washington Carver Flour Paper was a very great man. Dye, Ice cream He loved to paint, he loved to study Butter Worcestershire all round the land. Creosote Pickles (Repeat, last line becoming very faintat end.) Vinegar Mock cocoanut Cream Mock oysters ,(Starch):George Washington Carverwas born a slave a long time ago. ALL SING SONG AGAIN. 4. _(Ink):Whet' he was a- little boy hewas not allowed to go to school. CURTAIN' CLOSES, OPENStsAGA1M ALL BOW. 5.(Relish):George Washington Carver didnot worry about this. 6.(Tapioca): He knew what he wantedto do. Places and Sounds Of Africa 7.(Mucilage): He decided when hewas a little boy. (A pictorial play in one act for middlecr upper 8.* (Syrup):He did not play all the time likeso many other boys did. elementary grades) by 9.(Cereal):He studied the insects and flowers in the garden. Edwina Chavcrs Johnson (c)' 1971 10. (Flour):He liked to watch them andto paint them. Characters: There can beas kw as sixteen and as many 11.(Shampoo):When he became a man, hewent as thirty, depending upon ttw. :,ize of the class. to school -for the first PROLOGUE a map c:1 Africa Zimbabwe 12.(Milk): He was so'smart, he,started anewkind Reader Palace of science. Inquisitive Timbuctuo Pyramid of Giza I 3.(Cheese):This science is called " Chemurgy." Musicians Pyramids of Kush Dancers 14.(Peanut butter):It means making new thingsout of plants. Judges, Aeries, doctors of Timiltketou Musical dolls

19. 15 CostumeS: Characters of African sites and roles dressed STOP FLUTE MUSIC HERE accordingly.Inquisitive and Reader dressed in Inquisitive:My, my (great wonderin his voice), I school attire. . know what yr.,11 arc, you arc a triangle. (Curtain drawn, speaker at center of stage.) Pyramid: (26p4y.. without any body movement, how-. Prologue:There arc in Africa monuments of great ever) 1 ;It:t ..itota triangle.I am a pyramid. A cities and empires which stand today and serve as triangle has three sides..r. have four. sides.See? testimonials tothe advanced civilization which (turning s'owly to show four sides) flourished on that continent before the 16th cen- Inquisitive: .11teg your pardtn. Where do You belong? tury.The family of man was born in Africa . and from that birthplace. traveled toall other Pyramid:I belong in Egypt.f was built 5,000 years harts of the earth. ago for the great Pharoalt, Cheops.Two..and a half million blocks of stone were used in building -me.I am one of the most amazing engineering DRUM BEAT feats in the world. Western civilization is actually based upon one of these .ancient African civilizations Egyptian civ- FLUTE MUSIC HERE ilization.This hiStc.ity of black peoples reveals (Curtain opens fully now, several additional, but smaller the beginnings of the arts and seienees as well as. pyramids are now seen scattered about the stage.) of aesthetic expre.ssiol.Those were borrowed and developed by. others, mainly in the Western Pyramid:There are hundreds of other pyramids in World. cast Africa, but none so famous as I! (Inquisitive and Reader withdrew, to stage left now.) L1P,UM BEAT For what is the present, but the past? FLUTE MUSIC HERE Pyramid of Kush:(Choral Spealcing) DRUM r3E,tvr Reader:I am reading .kfrican iiistory about plrces MUSIC STOPS NOW in Africa that were built by men long, long ago. We are the pyramids of Kush, the ancient name for Some of these place's are thousands of years old! Ethiopia.Kings and queens were buried within ICS really quite exciting material. our walls. We stand, a tribute to the remarkable Inquisitive:Read to Inc, please: past of the African peoi:le. We stand, 5,000 years now. amid palaces and temples, one of the world's Reader: All right. "The pyramid ryf Cliza was ordered largest colleztions of royal buildings and tombs. to be built during the fourth Memphite dynasty by Our royalty unlit-northward, .down the Nile, and the Pitaroah Cheops. No doubt...the sphinx was taught the °Ilex backward people in Egypt the arts built by another Memphite Pharoah, Khafre, in of life. his own image. -- - The ruins of Zimbabwe, covering an area of approximately 70 acres repre- (Curtain closes to reveal V-single pyramid again. Small sents still -, pyramids leave stage.) . Inquisitive: (interrupting hastily)Just a moment. FLUTE MUSIC HERE don't understand a thing you've said. Reader: Oh, I'm so sdrry.I'll show you some pictures, MUSIC STOPS if you like.(Putting book down, taking Inquisitive Pyramid:People have come to visit me throughout the by the hand now.) Here, just look this way. ages.There is something inspiring about seeing .mc, so they say. Would you also like to visit me? FLUTE MUSIC HERE Inquisitive:Oh, yes. (Curtain opens partially to reveal desert scene in a, pie- Pyramid:I'll be seeing you. ture enclosure, with actor dressed as famous pyramid, . centered in the scene.) (Cur-fain closes)

20 16

(Backstw, Sphinx steps onto picture frameas Pyra- BELLS STR NOW mid step. Inquisitive:I know wha' yo.1a,1,You area ;..Ac. Rea Ida Iere is another picture for-you tosec.Look! Zimbabwe: "(turning as bells e:-.g)No, we are not (Csi.r.oio reopens, as before, revealing pictureframe. We arc halt Orcos. tots time, Sphinx is centered in frame.Thcrc can be an adaptation hcrc.The frame may be removeden- Inquisitive:Oh, dear. what your name?. tirely. the curtain opened fully to reveal the Sphinxupon Zimbabwe: We are the walls of Zimbabwe. a raised platform. pr a covered ladder. A dancer 300 feet may long, 200 feet wide. 20 feet high move gracefully as the Sphinx speaks and hollow instnt- and 20 feet thick.Although we are still considered ments such as wooden blocks are struck intermittently a mystery, during the speech.) we are the remains of the marvelous Monometapa empire of 1.500 years ago in South Central Africa. Inquisitive:O0000000h! Who are you? We are considered so amazing becauseno mortar was used to construct us. We arc truly a work of Sphinx:I am the Sphinx.I was built in the image of art. another great Pharoah Khafre.I have the head of a man and the body of a lion. The sands of the Inquisitive:Where would I find you? Sahara Dcscrt submergid my body as they did Zimbabwe:You could find us in what isnow called the paintings and rock carvings of the Tassilli cul- Southern Rhodesia.Perhaps you will come and ture to my west.I have seen nearly all of man's solve our mystery. history unfold, due to my great height and position in the East. There is not time to tellyou all. Yet. Inquisitive:Thank you.That's a challenging idea.I linger and listen. The craftsmen. thefarmem. the just might do that.. astrologers, the soldiers, the rulers, the p'3i1oso- (Curtain closes as before.') phers all I have met in, the past.Shall I 45..-Pt you. too. one day? (Bells ring as curtain closes:) Inquisitive:I should like that very inuch. Rcadcr :I have two more pictures foryou to sec. Here is the first of the two. Sphinx: Good, I will look for you tocome.I am quite near to the great pyramid in Egypt. . ( Curtain reopens.Palace stands centered by frame of tree-lived streets.) /- (Curtain closes again.Flute music. or East African music hcrc until curtain is entirely closed.) trqui;.itive:Dear. dear, whaa beautiful building ,yoti,i hat is you name and where is your loca- FOR THE REMAINING " PICTURES,"THE CUR- tion? TAIN OPENS AND CLOSES AS INTHE PRE- Palace:I am the palace of King Tenkamenin of CEDING ACTION. ancient. IF DANCERS OR ACTORS Ghana. As you can see, I am made ofstone and ARE AVAILABLE FOR APPROPRIATE AND RE- wood.If you could step inside the portals,you LATED INTERPRETATION OF THE "PICTURES" wrlid sec the scu!ptures and excellent pictures AND THE CULTURES THEY of REPRESENT, SUCH thr king.My stained glass windowsare extra- DANCERS OR ACTORS, DRESSEDAPPRO- ccumarily locly, too.Before the Sahara Dcscrt PRIATELY MIGHT ADD GREATLY TOTHE encroached upon me fromthe north, Iwas able to RETAINED VISUAL IMAGERY. OF THEAUDI- be a part of a marvelous people. ENCE. Our music and FOR APPROPRIATE SCENERY. i:IN11 dance atwell know.. the U.S.A., but the desert PICTURES OF THESE HISTORIC SIGS ISIN and the wars we stiffercd destroyedan enormous BOOKS OR REFERENCE MATERIAL. amount of our buildings, and towns.During the Rcadcr:Here is another picture. ilth century, our empire was at its .31 glory. New Ghana is located to the south of old Ghana. (Bells may be rung as curtainopens here.) You could reach me by jet quite easily. (CaMain reopens, two actors stand, facing one another Inquisitive:Wow!' I'd never thought the past wasso and speak simultaneously in this picture.) near to the present.

71MMINEMMMINIMIMMIMMIMINIMIIIIIMIdS1117i1.111111=1 17

(IF THERE ARE DANCERS FOR THIS PICTURE, They are Nigerian dolls and play instruments from MUSIC BEGINS NOW. DANCERS APPEAR SI- Nigeria. MULTANEOUSLY. INQUISITIVEAPPLAUDS THEM AT THE END OF THE DANCE.) Inquisitive:I'd like to hear some of their music now. Reader: Certainly. just press the. music button (Curtain closes) over here. Reader: And here is thc last picture I'll show you now. (Crosses stage to right, presses button.) Look! (Music begins promptly. OLANTUNJI'S " Drums of (Curtain opens. revealing Timbuctoo, the ancient uni- Passion "' includes an, excellent band entitled " Oye " versity.) which can be played.for,about 60 seconds and then stopped.) Inquisitive:I ain'simply overwhelmed at this point. MUSIC DOLLS PANTOMIME PLAYING INSTR- Timbuctoo:Thank you. I am `\ rather .overwhelming MENTS THEY HOLD IN THEIR ARMS AS REC- when you think about it. ORD IS PLAYED. WHEN MUSIC STOPS. DOLLS .Inquisitive:Who are you? RESUME IMMOBILE POSTURE. Timbuctoo: I am Timbuctoo. I was a part of the ancient Reader:Theseare tliC dancing dolls. empire of Ghana.I notice you are a student.I Inquisitive:They are beautiful.I'd like to see the was the home of students of law, science and medi- dancing. too. cine about a thousand years ago, you'd be inter- ested to know. Judges. clerics and doctors walked Reader:OK.I'll just press the dance button for you. my corridors. Mcn of learning were drawn to me. DANCING DOLLS DANCE AS MUSIC DOLLS There was'a greater profit in the book trade than PLAY TO THE SAME RECORDING AS ABOVE. in any other commercial venture in my days of WHEN SAME 'PORTION OF RECORDING HAS fame. By the way, not too long ago. some United BEEN COMPLETED; RECORD IS STOPPED. ALL States Congressmen came to see, me. DOLLS'RESUME THEIR IMMOBILE POSITION. Inquisitive:Where are you to be found? (Both move to left 'of stage walking towards right as Timbuctoo:In the present day Mali Republic,Will they talk.) , you come to visit me. too? Inquisitive:That was terrific. Inquisitive:I want to. Reader:Nosy you know why I like to read so much. Timbuctoo:I'll be looking for you. Inquisitive: ou've gdt company now!I would never (Curtain closes) dream that all I saw could be gained through reading a book. DoYou know of a book I could begin Reader: How did yodlike the pictures? with? Oh,"great! Reader:You're challenged!Finish this one with me. (Off on right) Reader:I have some dolls to show you now. THE, END ,Inquisitive:Good. Where are they?'.. . Reader:Right here, just be a bit patient.

(Curtain opens, revealing twsets of actors on stage ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES left are male music dolls on stage right are the female Who Said It dancing dolls.) Who Said It? is another excellent language arts activ- (Reader takes Inquisitive by the hand again, walks over ity which provokes discussion and thought, and very to the music dolls.) often. pu suit of more reading.The teacher may assign Reader:These are the music dolls.The music they the work or study, then review what was learned through play is as ancient as the cultuie they represent. an oral quiz or a written exercise. 18

" I've been to the mountain-top." (Martin Luther Write to authors. King. Jr.) Have a book fair in class.Bring books from home " An empty bag cannot stand on end:" (Frederick and library. Dnuzlass) Compose original poetry. " I've never lost a passenger." (Harriet Tubman) Establish a class picture and current events file. " Keep the faith, Baby." (Adam Clayton Powell) Conduct debates on current issues reflecting news- " Black Power." (Stokely Carmichael) paper or television viewing. " Maybe I'll pitch forever.'^ (Satchel Paige) Present Frederick Douglass' orations. " I know no national boundary where the Negro is Lea,-n African proverbs; interpret them. concerned. The whole world is my province until Africa is free." (Marcus Garvey)': Read African folklore. " We are beautiful people." (LeRoi Jones) Write compositions, book reports. " Too long others have spokcn for us. (John B. Russ- Perform dramatic skits, original. wurm anal Samuel Cornish) Present choral speaking. " No oppressed people have ever secured their liberty Write compositions on " The Kind of World I'd Like without resistam.x.." (Henry Highland Garnet) To Live In." " Delay is perilous at best ...." (Hiram Revels) Present Martin Luther King's speeches. " There is ho defense or security for any ofus except in the highest intelligence and development of all." (Booker T. Washington) It is further suggested that middle -grade andupper- grade pupils study the life of at leastone imprtant writer.Paul Laurence Dunbar, Countee Cullen, Mar-. "The achicvemci4ts of the Negro properlyset forth garct Walker, Carter G. Woodson, James Baldwin, will crown Mini as a factor in early hunian progress Frederick Douglass, David Rugglesare a few who would and a maker of modern civilization." (Carter G. be of interest to pupils. Woodson) Langston Hughes, the poct laureate of the Afro-American people, should bestudied " The problem of the 20th century tit(' prob!tio and his works read.Carter G. Woodson, " father of of the color-line." (W. E. B. Du Bois) Negro history," is a historical figure, in additiont having lived a most fruitful life and havhigbeen a most " I've known rivers ancient as the world and older prolific writer. than the flow of human blood in human veins." Several of the poets arc livingpersons about whom (Langston Hughes) the pupils may conduct research\ by writingto the pub- " I have sown beside all waters in my day." (Arna lisher of the poets' works, obtaining the poets' addiesses, Bontemps) and corresponding with the poets. The teacher will be able to find the biographyof nearly all poets whose works are included herein Arna Additional language arts activities arc: Bontemps' " American Negro Poetry."

23 S OCIAL STUDIES

In1915,he .organized the Association forthe Study of Negro Life and History andin 1916, begah publication of the Journal Of NegroHistory.In1921,he organized the Associated Publishers,He established oft' Negro History Week, and from 1937onward. the Negro History Bulletin was publishedregularly.The Asso- ciated Publitillers was the pioneerpublishing house in America. on materials by and aboutthe African de- scendant..Dr. Woodson devoted his entirelife and , income to the sustenance of black history. Thebooks, including textbooks published undeihis aegis, are the fountainhead of materialson black history in Africa and in the United States. His life and worksarc outstanding; for he pioneered against the greatest odds.' Helabored at a time when lynching was common practice insouthern states, and lua exclusion from the benefits ofa common life was corn- , mon practice in .northern life of the United States of Anierica. His famouS quotation is: "... theachievements of the Negro' properly set forth willcrown him as a factor in early human progress anda maker of modern civilization." Pioneers of his caliberare rare in mankind.

Carter Godwin Woodson, The social studies section is divided intothe following categories:, The father of Negro history History Africa Cultural Insights Africa (Reprinted with the permission of theaut ar.) Geography Africa History Afro-American Historical Figures United States. THE SCHOLAR CALLEDFATHER OF The teacher will discover that theactivities in each NEGRO HISTORY section progress from those suitablefor early childhood Carter G. Woodsonwas born December 19,1875, to upper elementary 'grades. Because the level of sophis- in Buckingham County, Virginia.His parents. James tication varies from classto class, the teacher may de- and Eliza Woodson, were formerslaves and exceedingly cide what is usable with the particulargroup he or she poor. The family was large, andyoung Carter had no is teaching. opportunity to attend school regularly.He taught himself until the age of17. / HISTORY In1895,he entered a' formal school, theDouglass AFRICA High School in Huntington, WestVirginia, and com- Historical Sites in African History pleted high. school within 2 years.Following this, he Pupils should become familiar with those went on to earn the college degrees of B.A., sites indi- M.A., and cated in the map belowas they study African history. , Ph.D. He studied abroad after receiving the-Ph.D. from Places and names will then becomea parrof their body Harvard University '(in 1912). of knowledge of world history.

24 INIMORT441PolffewwWWIIPIPmelmemesPWMPPIN=PIelm1MwrroPrmsOppummumml

.01

15 20

General Gebal-Tarik Conquerdr of southern Spain (711) after whom 'the Rock of Gibraltar is named %ism. 10.0009.0 KuSY1 PrinCe Tin-Yeroutan Et,0C.1 Ghana ruler (961-971) Tenkamenin King of Ghana (1062-67)

Dievq. TrrbuVao Yusuf Upper Senegal King, military leader. de- 01:4% so Urge feated King of Spain in 1086, saved Moorish 1.750,000 C civilization in Spain

Sundiata Keita Ruler of Mali (1230-55) - Mansa Musa Ruler of Mali (1307 at 1312-37) Zirt3t...e Sunni Ali Ber Ruler of Songhay (1464-92) Askia Muli;:mmed, or Askia The Great Ruler of Songhay ( 1493-1528 ) Affcwo I King of Congo Empire (1506-45)

Historical Fibures of the African Past v% Shaka Zulu King (1773-1828) Pupils should know the role played by the following military leader., historical personages: developer of strategy still in use }Osiris EARLY AFRICAN HISTORY Isis Kushites divinated by Egyptians Horus When assessing the culttres of early Africa.many historians have sought convenient means to discredit Nefertiti Egyptian queen, by various techniques the'black people of that continent. Imhotep First father of medicine Egyptian Chained to the confinement of slave -trade justifications and colonial ideologies and fostering such words Pharaoh Khafre Sphinx built in his image as " primitive." " savage," " heathen," " child like," and Pharaoh Cheops Pyramid at Giza built under his " inhuman." these writers were limited from the begin- orders ning and failed. too often. to give the black African just praise for his accomplishments. On the contrary. the Thothmes III Kushite pharaoh of Egypt. military conqueror trend was to detract from rather than add to whatwas already known.As a result, where Africa exhibited Amcnhotep HI Pharaoh, patron of arts signs of greatness. steps were taken immediately to stress that the responsible people were not Negroes. Pharaoh Akhenaton(or lkhnaton) authorof rarely Negroid, but instead Hamites. Arabs. dark whites. psalms and mentor of monotheism Semites, Hindus. Muslims. or some other name which Cleopatra Egyptian queen avoided the apparent qualities of black skin and woolly hair.On other occasions. positive facts from the Afri- Sheba Also known as Mckada, a biblical queen can past were purposely overlooked, and ancient manu- who visited Solomon scripts which told of such were dismissed as " tall tales Menelik I King of ancient Ethiopia. son of Sheba or simple glorifications.In short, the few observers and Solomon who attempted to break from the acceptable approach and report the facts without colorations were forced to Piankhi, The. Great Kushitc conqueror of Egypt Overprove their convictions or to mention them vaguely Hannibal of Carth ge Military. genius (247-183 in passing.' B.C.) Such has been the fate of reports on pre-Columbian African expeditions to the Americas. While this infor- Pope Melchiades oman Pope (A.D. 311-314) mation has escaped the attention and interest of many, 21

Milcans may vti...w it withniore concern: They are not ' close to 200,000. well-equipped men to do battle. His -.foa, prone to okerlook facts.thatitave been, treated as royal court, literally, overflowed with :pupils, readers, nonsense by others, and ,in this respect.. it is their and poets."'Ibn Banuta, a Moorish traveler who visited point of tvitich really matters..7- 'Consequently. the Mali during the 14th century, commented on the com porc.Sitiility sot .early African excursions to.the Americas Mete security of the country' and the. surpassing beauty must, be.approached front this perspective:. of its women. Though he had ,spent most of his life visiting:the most advineCd.civilizations of that time, he TRANSATLANTIC VOYAGES added that he knew of no other, nation more civilized except, perhaps, his own Morocco." That Alckans voyagccl across theAtlantic before the erl el Christopher Columbus as no:recent ars haw long speculated that a great seafaring nation MALI' EMPIRE . which sent its ships to the Americas once -existed on Mali started on its, road to world importance during WeS; 1.)etails still remain scant. but those --. the reign of Sakura (1285-1300), the usurper, 'Who a+ailable leave hide doubt that such a venture took vastly extended his domain to include much of Mauri- ; ..place:: This can be attributed to the ftict that more in- tania and established diplomatic relations 'with Morcic formation ;:thout African history,.has been published and co." From this new contaet, advanced maritime tech - that ntothan arcOologists arid anthropolOgisti have niques and the concept of the 'earlh's rotundity littered &Coined our !mut:rims of the variois:peoples and cul- into. the last-growing empire.This, was-made possible tures. of pre-Columbian America,. ; through the ,geographies and astifonomical theories of ik'e can now positivelystate that the Nlandinioes. of such Arab writers as Abu Zaici, Masudi, Idrisi, Istakhri, the Mali and Soogfiay Empires. 'and possibly Other Afri- Abulfeda, and those from the"court Of Harun-al-Rashid cans, crossed Atlantic to carry on trade with the. With whom the Moroccans were thoroughly familiar. Western. Hemisphere Indians and further succeeded in Both Idrisi and Abulfeda stressed thc rotundity i of the establish:0 gColonies throtig.hout the Americas. .During earth, and the latter even spoke of "voyages around the' the 13th 'centuty, :Mali." the earliest of these two great world." " .cmpiles, building on the ruins of Ancient Ghana, arose Ii was not until several ycars later, however, that a tobccothe one of the leading nations in the world.'Its little known and seldpm mentioned ruler elected to make iromtancee to :the Middle Ages should not be under- use -of this empire-stirting information.This 'daring estimated.Linde" its'authority, West Afriein civiliza- monarch, Abubakari 11 (1305-07)," did not believe !ion flourished with learning and trade.Timbuktu, a that.it was impossible 'to conquer the limits of the neigh- commercial cepter:bicarne the 'Most popular University . boring Ocean:Employing Arab .navigators who had a eity on the fait of the globe, entertaining noted scholars knowledge of,. longitudes and latitudes, the compass, born all paps who went there to compare the;r manu- quadrant, and 'sextant," he equipped 400 ships with scripts.'Books 914 all subjects were. written in both men, food, water, and gold, in sufficient quantity tor an Mundingo and Arabic!'Djenne,Mali's second most extended duration, and sent them sailing across the informant metropolis, cattld boast of having .4,200 Atlantic.His captains were. .informed not to return telic.Artsat the close of the 12th century.' until they had discoVered land, or had exhausted their Thiswas an empire of black peop1eand was remark- supplies.After a, long alisenee,. sOld.ship retUrned,... able In that itdemonstrated the Negro's large capacity and its captain, informed' Marisa Abubakari thatthe .forgrivernmelit and commerce. , Reaching into the At-. lank Ocean from the Senegal and 'Gambia tributaries, other shiPs--. had been ,caught in a violent current, like !. a river in'the middle of tame ocean, and hacj been carried,- it'Covered an area about- the size of Western Europe; . j`trom,Po.rtugal to Germany. and dwarfed its contentpo- away by. _it-:Irrita.ted by hii caPtain'i'failtire-.9 follOw raty,'..the Holy Roman Empire. There were well kept the others,- the king -equipped a fleet ,of 2,000 more roads, resthouses, and a postal system::: ..SUperb agri- ships in the same manner of the first- eicpedition and de-, ;cultural techniques.. such as crop .rotation, irrigation, Bided to_leadthem personally. across thc perilous sea. i and soil .conservation, we're employed, and numerous WaiSo certain of. his return that ha temporarily con-

. kegttable i.atieties were ;produced,".'.. 'fite people wore ferred power.- in the.hands of his brother, Musa, until has. triginaf clothing is well as iMported Egyptian fab-: come ehaek to reclaim it."Thus, the peOple . . rics..and'ioldiers adorned themselves with.golden armor of Mali opened the way for West African trade relations and,Weapons. -The emperor was capable .01 motiiiiini with the American Indians.' JINNIEW1111,111101161C.it-

- of Africa, that Negroes .had'heen known to set out into: them at war with. neighboring Indians:ThiS :::port was the Atlantic from the Guinea coast In canoes loaded Made before the first importation of African slaves to the with merchandise and steering towards the west.The Antilles; Or before any Spaniih colonies were founded.. _ same Christopher Columbus was further. informed by Other Negro colonies of that time. werediscovered the Indians of Hispaniola when he ,arrived in the West in Northern Brazil among the Charuas, at St..Vineent

.Indies that they had been able to obtain gold from black . ...in the Gulf of Mexico where the Black Caribees re-

men who 'had come from across the sea from the south . sided, around the Mouth of the Orinoco River in Vette- and southeast.22The dates' of these accounts coincide zitela, and among the Yamascesr of Florida. 2"These, precisely.With the dinethat Askia the Great held swap *colonies, it must he. stressed, Were. all reported by the over Songhay.It mustalsobe added that Amerigo first Europeans who reached the Anterieas.Even as Vespucci on his voyage to the Americas witnessed these late as 1775, Francisco Garces:was able to come .. upon same black men out-in the Atlantic returning to Africa.2" a distinct race of black men living side by side with the Fifteenth and sixteenth century Spanish explorers Zunis of the New Mexico pueblos.' He related that and early American ant, legends, and burials provide the the .blacks- were the. first fnhabitants of the area,and principal sources of information on what happened- to suffice it tosay .thatthedescriptionhe gave of Meiji these African seamen after their arrival in the Americas. leayes no doubt that they 'were Negroes.. .This ob- In :effect, the Spanish conquistadores found dispersed servation was made about. :the. same time thee-French all over the New World small tribes who were from the explorer, La Perouse, was witnessing a similar phel. very first 'considered Negroes."The largest Negro nonicnon in California,He also found there a race of . colony appears to have been a permanent settlement at 'blacks whom he immediately denoted as Ethiopians.:" Darien .wheteBalboa, who saw them in 1513, reported.

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28 INDIAN LEGENDS along with paihtings .of Negroes have been unearthed .Anierietin.Indian legends 'abound with accounts. of at Teotihutte.tr., acid the tall.figures of people .with nai- black: meet who 'ca-meto them froM faroff_ lands...Aside row heads, thick lips, and short woolly hair, 'found at from the report that Columbus* obtained at Hispaniola, Chichdn sh,Juld be attention...TheiO a notable tale is recorded in the Peruvian traditions. are 'often represektted its standard or parasol .bearers," They inform us of bow black men coming from the cast and they match 'identically early descriptions of attend-., had been able to 'penetrate the Andes Mountaini.'4; ants at the king's court of the Mali'Empire:32.- Evenas Furthermore, Indian traditions of Mexico and Central far north as from Canada, Pacan Point, Arkansas,to. America indicate that.legroesi were_ among the first oc-. La Plata, pre-Columbian pottery, seulptuie,, and other cupants of that territory. Some ladians7there yet. claim objects which demonst rate physiognomies of 'decidedly descent from these Same blacks. A contemporary an- Afriean lineantAts have been Furthernu thropologist has convincingly denionstrated that several burial mounds excavated in the United States have dis- Indian. tribes in thii.area have developed. out of early eloscd fossil men comparable to West African typ*,' Negro: stocks.These. would include: the Otomi of andcowryshells,found with them correspond eicaetly Mexico, 'the Caracols.of Haiti, the ArgaalOs. of Critara. to thc'shell moneythat was often used throughout Africa the Aravos of Orinoco, the Poicijis and .Matayai of before colonialism.34:**Thesediscoveries.iuggest that the'.. Braiil, the Chuanas of Darien, and the Albinos of penetration and dispersion Of the African trader were

.At this.juncturc, it must be pointed out that extcnSive throughout the AMericas. the localities of thege Negroid Indians coriesparld 7- Petroglyphic inIcriptions. observed in various early the last detail with the areas where early African. Bade- Western. 14inispl..eresettlinien!..; C.oinpare identically merits were found.Other descendants of pre-Colum- with pre-Arabic writing Systems of MandingOland and bian Negroes wcrc either destroyed by the onslaught the nei,;01boring nomads of. the Sahara. Many or these of the ,Spanish conquest, or eventually absorbed into inscripti05 found in AmeriCan settlements.have. the slave system.' been described by some examiners as rinse belonging ;..,,e6 examination of ancient Indian 'religions yields to ". visitors," while the African* glyphs and alphabets.; additional information on the condition of early Africans in all recpeets, spear to have been indigenous,"Re- in the Americas:Several India0nations, such as the search in this particular area has becn retarded by-,the

MaYani; Aztecs, and Incag, worshipped black gods along erroneous theories 'that Africans haVe been incapable. With their other deities, and the Mayan religion particu-* of developing original scripts, or that they have ;pie, larly exemplifies the high esteem in which the Negroes fcrred oral over written means of keeping records,_ were held. Among the black dcitiei, Quetzalcoatl, the Those who adhere to these fallacies' should be made, serPentgod and Messiah, and Ek-ahau (Ekchutib), and aware- that Africa above the equator alone has created the trader-god and war captain, are the most revealing. more writing systems than Europeans (a total, of 19) Their surviving portraits show them, black and woolly have ever adoPted.n haired, to have been unmistakably.Negro.It im- An inquiry may be made at this point whether some. ..pOrtant to note here that serpent worship in the same Indians did not succeed in returning to Africa with their forin can still be found today in Mandingoland.,That Negro visitors.Evidinee is slim in this respect, but Ek-aliau was worshipped as a trader and warrior. needs what there is looks promising. For example, two mod- little elaboration since..early 'Africans came to America' ern anthropologists have comhioed their efforts to.dern- principally for tradefand on occasions hid to *fight for. onstrate that certain people living in the Sahara possess survival." American Indian traits.Not only do they have similar names and naming methods, but tribal groups are aliO NEGROES 'IN SCULPTURE designated by the same titles, differing only in the aspects .; Not only were.African Negroes held in reverence. by of ,an occasional prefix or suffix.Furthermore, the the Indians of antiquity, but they appear frequently in womenfolk of the same region in all appearance could early American sculpture and. design.Stone statues easily be mistaken for American Indians. Their men, 'depicting an African Negro morphology have been dis- however, are more prone to wear African clothing and covered throughout the 4..mericas.Five solid .granite exhibit Muslim customs.Alio, it must be noted that heads, the largest. weiehiitz close to five tons, ha4e 'these nomads reside in tents: _rather than mud-brick been found in the canton c.0 Tuxtla, and at Vera Cruz; houses as do most of their neigbbor.".\ Mexico."Several little Nt.ads of the Ethiopian type

a 25

INDIAN-NEGRO ACCULTURATION. PARTS OF PUZZLE MISSING Agricultural ,-,anthropologists have shed additional Many pieces to the puzzle of pre-Columbian African light on the cross culturation of the African Negro and contacts with the Americas- are still niissing, but those the American. Indian.. From them, we have learned that which are available fit too. well.Present' data dismisses certain crops whiCh ...originated .in Africa,such as yam; all notions of circumstance:CircuMStance does not taro, and a specific- cotton...gends, were feund growing lend to so many positive elements.If the idea that the in the Americas by Columbus and other. Spanish ex- Vikings landed in North America can be accepted on plorers.MOreover, the of that time indicated the thin bases of Myth and a few scattered artifacts,-then that these crops were somewhat new, to them. The same we can positively conclude, behind a larger volume of ;Ipplict to Africa in the caseof.naize and manihot: facts, that West Africans during the Middle Ages sent These two products, indigenous to the Americas: Were exptorers to the- Americas. to settle and carry on trade- already being cultivated on Africa's west coast, when 'with the Indians. . the PiirtUguese first arrived there; One eitaminerrstudy--. If Songhay had not been defeated by attacking Moroc- Awl maize in, particular, yclatcs:-that. this crop was. not can armies id 1,591, its survival would-have made recon- .knoWn in Africa' before'. A. 0: .000...and adds:thin. its.:::::.:,Struction.of its Atlantic exploits a.simple matter. Rene- induction was due:to..early .Afro-Indian contacts., The gade Moors under the command Djoudar- 'date he gives maY.-Or may not be too early, but what Pasha ransacked Timbuktu and other intellectual cen- is important is .that 'thin Was not available in Africa ters, razing libraries and burning books.Scholars were :before the first millenium A.D..and that it Was widely either taken back to Morocco as, captives or killed on' cultivated. there in the 15th century.Maize; manihot, the spot.'" It is easy to conceive from this how records yams, and taros arellnique in sesPect that they -do not of Atlantic expeditions might have gone down in ashei. . Spoil:easily and,lherefore, would have been especially ,The- Songhay soon afterwards fell victim to the ensu- suited for -supplying seamen on :long voyages acros% the ing European slave traders who succeeded in depleting . Africa of over 1004million of its healthiest, strongest, That Africans could. cross the Atlantit bears little and most talented citizens."It Was then a simple taskrs

stretch of the 'imagination.ks'clistance Of Only 1,600 for these; same slavers to create derogatory myths on . miles .separates Africa from .South America; and sev- the basis of the pillaged, depopulated AfriCa that re- eral small islands lie on the way.Besides, the North mained. As a result, it has been these myths whieh have Equatorial Current starting at the mouth of the Senegal.: prevented honest,,research and reports on Africa's his- River provides a natural.' highway. to Brazil Wand the tory. The -publication of false theories about,Afriean West Indies.This, more thanlikely, would be the same. origins and .abilities was, intensified during the -colonial, " liver in the middleof.the ocean " to-which Abubakari's period.The. colonials attempted to justify 'their right. captain referred whcii she related thaT .fate of his ,con- to govern Africa by demonstrating that ,Africarts were ,voy. The path..of this current agrees too well with the. not capable of ruling themselves.If this could Aticceek,.,

distribution of the early Ainericqt Negro ,colonies re- no one would, challenge their exploitatiOil of African a ported by the. Spaniards.4°Furthermore, the dulf resources. Thus, European writers bred cri these con- Stream departing frorn'Florida provides the same kind- cepts became the interpreters and authorities of Africa's of route backtONorth.Africa and parts of Europe. For past.44 at Spain-, the Gulf Stream divides itself in two directions, The:20th century witnesses a new phenomenon now. one bending south to Africa and the other continuing 0. taking place -iti-Africa,qreedom froM colonialism:, With :1 around thoBritish Ides on to Germany and Denmark. this new Ireedoin; African scholarssare coming fonvard This Might explain why On' at leak four occasions in with their own interpretation of history, and it Min this historyistageing.blacks have been reported shipwrecked new foundatiOn that their present nationalisms are being on the north shore of Germany.More important, the built.4 Through these 'efforts, fresh facts relative to shipsthatthey manned havebeen&Scribedas early African voyages,' to the Americas will certainly canoes " hi the same .manner.as the reports of Colum- Come to light. Moreover, this may someday prove itself " bus, Vespucci, and the Indians:41The sparsity of such to be a minor occurrence in a greater magnitude of Afri- incidentsomay .further indicate that their appearance in can Negro achievements. Europe was'clue to erroneous navigation. 0 . 26

NOTES AND REFERENCES 23.. Sir Clement Markham;'Book 0 j. I. .Janhcinz Jahn,. Muth: An of Knowledge°Ville Outline of the New WorldiHakluyi Series Vol. LXX1X, London: African Culture, New York:1961, pp. 11-28; 1912, pp. 23-24. Alan Houghton Brodrick; Mirage' of si Africa, Lon 24.C. C. Marquez, EstudiosArquclogicos y Etnbgrafil:- don: 1953,p. 53. cos; Madiid: 1920, I, pp.-270-272. . 2: Jahrvop..cit.; p. 17: -. 25. A. Quatrefages; Introduction 3. a l'Etude DCs Races Carter Q. Woodson, TheAfrican BackgroundOut- Humilities, Paris: 1889, pp..406,593. . lined, Washingtort;.D.C.: .1936, p. 256. pp. 5517552, 'N 4. W. E.. Ward,Africa Beforethe White Man Came; 27:Ibici:,'0. 406. 74. London: 1934,p. 53. .28.' Marquez,,op. cit.,pp. 271 -273, 5. \;\ . Lady Lugard ,(Flora L Shaw),A Tropical Dc- 29.Leo Wiener, Africa and the , DiscoverY of Anprica, pendency, London: .1906,pp. 126-127.. Philadelphia: 1922, 411, 6.Warck op. cit., p.-53. pp 255 -261, 264;-266, '314-316; cf. L. Desplagnes,Le Plateau Centrar Lady Lugard, op. cit..,p. 147: Nigerien, Paris.;-.1907, pieI 307.137... 8.Sec Fig. for comparative sizes. . 30.. Wiener, op. cit.,p. 332; Marquei, op. Cit., pp. 279- 9.Ibn Battuta. -Travels in Asia andAfrica, translated 273. by H. A. R.,d1bh, London:1929, pp...3187-324.... . 31. , Marqtiez, loc. Cit.; leatius'Donelly, Atlantis. 10. George PeRr 'Munilock,Africa, The Its People and. Antedeluvian World,.London: 1950, Their 0.133. History, New York: 1959,pp. 73, /32. Al Omaniop. cit., pp. 65, 69,,,. 126, 261; Ibn Fadl Allah al Omani, Masalik El 33..: Fourth-Annu;t1 Report,,U.S.Burnt, Of Ethnology, Absar F.! Mamalik El Amsar, trad..uitpar Gaude- pp. 407-409; Wiciter, .op. cit.,p. 365. froy-Demombynes, Pail's: 1927,pp. 61-63. 34.A. E. Hooten, Apes; Men: 11.Al Omani, op. cit., and Morons; London:. pp. 64-70; Ibn Battuta, op. cit., 1938, p. 183; RolandB. Dixon,The Racial His- Pp. 328-330. . tory of Man, New York: 1923,pp 436, 441, 12.Ibn Battnta, op.' pP-. 321-329. 35. Al dmari, op. cit., 13. pp...75-76;4.bn Battuta, op: Cit.,. Woodson, op. cit., p. 56. p. 334;1V. J. Jackson -Shells of Evidence Lugard, op. cit., p. 38; H. R. 'of the. MilL.Geog- Migrations of Early. Culture,Manchester: 191 7, raphy, ( Encyclopedia Britannich) . 14th Ed., New 1861'88; p. 365.. York: 1929;. Basil Davidson, ThC. Lost Cities ,of .36,Fourth Anntial Report, pP:.22,8-2431Tenth Africa, Boston: 1959, p.' 74. An- . nual Report, U.S, Bureau ofEthnology, pp. 56=59, 15.Woodson, op. cit., p. 56. 73, 151,,156; cf. Desplagnes,--.0. 16.. J. McCabe, The Splendor cit.,. pp. :74-8,3. of Moorish Spain, Lon- 37. David .Diringer, TheAlphabet, 'New York!' 1948, 'don: 1935, pp. 179-202; F..H. Butler & S. P. pp. 59-71, 14,-151, 178-'479; 180 -181, 199-262, Thompson, History of the Mariner's Compass (En- 223-230, '248-249, .306, -467-470;Stanley We cyclopedia Britannica).14th Ed.,New York: 1929, rnyss, -The Languages of the Arorld, - VI, p. 175. Philadelphia: . 1950; pp. 27-28, 118, 119;Desplagnes, lot: . 17.Al Omani, op: cit., 'pp. 7445. John Hillaby, ..18,Warsb.op. cit., p; 54;--Lady ". Ancient Africans 'KneW Arith-7' Lugard, op. cit., pp. metic," New York Times,- May'23,1957, 30:1. 126-127. 38.Giles Cauvet, Les .Berberes 19.Woodson, op. cit., pp. 65-71; en Anieriqtie, Alger: Imnianuel 1930. The entire work is devotedto the:compari- stein, Africa, The Politics ofIndependence, New son of tribal designations of American Yoilc: 1961,pp. 17-18. Indians with those of Africans in the Sahararegions:Alio see .20.Wallerstein, op. cit., p. 18; John . Hope Franklin, ;Boule's Hommes Fossiles,'Paris,. p. 322. From Slavery to Freedom, NewYork: 1948, 'pp. 39. M. D. W. Jeffreys 16-18. "Pre- Columbian 'Negroes in America," Scientia, XIIC .(1953), 21.. Woodson, op. cit., pp. 2147216; pp. 70-71; Franklin, op. 'cit., " Pre-Columbian Maize in Africa,"Nature, Nov. pp:18, 23-24. 21, 1.953; pp. 965-966; Murdock, 22. op. citi, P.. 70. Lionel Cecil Jane,. Voyages ofColtimbus, N. 11 .40.Quatrefages, op. cit., p. 406. Hakluyt Series 11, Vol. LXX, London:1912, pp. -41. Avant Propos of Cauvet, 270-271. op. cit., quotes' Beuchaes Manuel d'Archeologie Ameiique, . p. 40. ,^

31 o

O3 27

.ci 42: Abderrahnuln Es Sadi, Tarikh-Es-Susaan. Traduit 45. James Baldwin, Nobody Knows My Name, New 5, .del'arebepar 0. Houdras.. Paris: 1900, pp. 215 ___York: 1961, pp.. 13-15; Wallerstein, op. cit., pp. . 223, 259-265: 1212135. 43. W. E. B.°Du Bois, The Negro, New York: 1915, p.1:3 56. (Reprinted with the permission of The Crisis Publishing 44 Ibid., p. 233; Brodrick; op. cit., pp. 53-54. CoMpany.)

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, EQUATOR'

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.1;

ff A FACE SHLEI ON AFRICA Economics:Africa furnisheslarge portionsof the world's supplies of diamonds,. gold, ivory, cobalt; ` Geography:Africaisthe 'second largestcontinent, 'chromium, Manganese, copper, cotton, oil, rubber, 11,688,728 square miles in extent, and about live 'cocoa, sisal, tea, coffee, cloVes, and uranium. How-. times as large as the visible face of the full moon. ever, so. much of the natural resources' has been The Sahara Desert alone1S-biggeTtlitia-the United used for the enrichment. of the colonizers that 'the States. Lake. Tanganyika, 420 miles long, is the ....people of Africa arc, generally speal0g,very poor, longest lake in the world, and the Nile is the long- so that they cannot afford .adequate fbod,clothing, est river.' The Victoria Falls are twice as high and housing, or education.In the colonies, Africans nearly twice as wide. as Niagara. The Suez Canal arc usually paid much less than Europeans for their is twice. as long as the Panama Canal. Meson:- work, sometimes only a twentieth as much. tinefirextends from the North Temperate Zone to the South Temperate Zone,' the Equator cutting Languages:There are about 2,000 languages.English,

across almost the exact center. Although Mt. Kili- French, and.Portuguese. are the commonest Eu- manjaro is alnio: on the Equator it is always snow- ropean languages.Swahili is spoken in much of capped, since it is 19,340 feet high.The coastline East Africa.Here is a South African song in the is so smooth that there are few good hrbors. language of the Tembu tribcs::.

History:The first beginnings ofour own civilization Nkosi sikeleilAfrica. . God bless Africa. were African, arising.in Egypt thousands of years Maluphakanyis'udumo 'May. her praises be ago, while Europeans still lived in-caves.Histo- lwayo. . raised. rians and archeologists are just starting to learn Yizwa imithandazo. Here. our prayers. about other ancient African-civilizations' centered Nkosi sikelela: God bless. .. in Nigeria, Rhodesia, Ethiopia, the Sudan; Uganda, Woza moya, woza Come. Spirit, come'. Mali, and other places:The .terrible. slave trade, moya, Spirit, begun .by Arabs and continued by Europeans, Woza moya.oyingc- Come Holy Spirit, ruined prosperous cUltures and killed or stole away 1 And bless us, millions of people; in order to feel less guilty the Usisikelele, Us, her children. Europeans, came to believe that all the Africans Thina lusapho. lwayo. Were savages who were better off in 'slavery, but ' (Reprinted with the *permission of the knerican CoM- the' first accounts of travelers, before the damage mince on Africa 1964.) *was lone, tell quite adifferent story.

Population:The population of Africa is 344,484,000. There is a wide variation in appearance. The LIST OF AFRICAN MISSIONS atutsi grow to about 7 fed tall, the tallest people the world, while the.Pygmies,At 4 feet, are the The following 'addresses may be helpful as,sources of smallest; all the others, like, the. rest of us, are in information about specific countries. We suggest send- between.Skin colors Cif the African peoplevary ing a stamp or, better, a large self-addressed stamped from the Mediterranean shades of North Africa ;o nape, justas a courtesy. very dark, with all shadings in between.Also there Permanent Mission of Algeria, 750 Third Ave., 14th are large numbers of people from Europe and from Floor, New York 10017 Asia, .particularly India and Malaysia. Permanent Mission' of Botswana, 866 Milted Nations Nations:7.T are 56 countries in Africa of all sizes Plaza, Rm. 498, New York 10017 ' and political conditions:Thirty-nine are members Permanent Mission'of Burundi, 60 EaSt 42d St., Rm. of the United, Nations.There are colonies ruled. 763, Nov York 10017 from Europa with no representation, such as Permanent Miision of Cameroon, 866 United Nations Angola. Ethic:pia has an emperor; Morocco a Plaza, Rm.'. 650, New York 10017 . king.Several countries have presidents. Twelve, Permanent Mission of the Central African Republic, such as Nigeria and United Republic of Tanzania, 386 Park Ave. South, New York 10016 arc members of the British Commonwealth, %lie Permanent Mission of Chad, 150 East 42d St., Apt.5C,

Canada and Australia: ' . York -10017 29 Permanent Mission Of the Congo (Brazzaville), 444 Permanent Mission of Sudan, '757 Third Ave., 12th Madison Ave., Rm: 1604, New York 10017 Floor, New York 10017 'Permanent MissiOn of the Congo (Kinshaha), 211 East Permanent Mission of Tanzania, 205 East 42d St., New

43d St., 14th Floor; New York 10017 'York- 10017 . Permanent Mission of Dahomey, 4 East..73d St.; New Petmanent Mission Of Togo,' 801 Second Ave., New

York 10021 . York _,10017 Permanent Mission of Ethiopia, 866 ,United Nations. Permanent Mission of Tunisia, 40 East 71st St., New

Plaza, Rm. 560, New York 10017 York 10021.' . Permanent MissionOf Gabon, 866 United Nations Plaza, Permanent:Mission of Uganda, 801 Second Ave., New. Rm. 136, New. York 10017 York 10017. Permanent Mission of Gambia, c/o O.A.U., 211 ,East.' Permanent Mission of United Arab- Republic, 900 Park

43d St:, New York 10017. . Ave., New York 10021. Permanent Mission of Ghana, 144 East 44th St., New Permanent' Mission of Upper Volta, 236 Eait 46th St.,

York 10021 . . New York 10017 Permanent Mission of Guinea, 17 -East 73d St., New PerManent Mission of Zambia, 641 Lexington Ave., York 10021 Ne w York 10022 Permanent Mission. of Ivory. Coast, 46 East 74th St., 'Rhodesia is not legally recognized as a' free country. New York 10021 .by African countries other than South Africa, nor by Permanent Mission of Kenya, 866NnitedNations Plaza, the United Nations.Other African' nations are not Rm.. 486, NeW York 10017 friendly. toward South Africa. because of her vicious

Permanent Mission Of 'Lesotho,. c/o .A.U., 211 East system of racial apartheid. . 43d St., New York 10017 Permanent Mission of Liberia, 235 East 42d St., New .'..(Repridted with permission of the American Committee -on AfriCa 1964.) York 10017. . Permanent Mission of Libya, 866 United Nations 'Plaza, * * * * * * * * New York 10017 Permanent Mission of Malagasy, 301 East 74th St., 'Apt. 21-1. New York 10021,. CULTURAL INSIGHTS AFRICA Permanent Missiol of Malawi; ,-777 Third Ave., 24th floor, New YO[1:: 10017 The Hi; Neighbor series. of books (Hastings House, Permanent Mission. of Mali, ill East9th St., New New York) is most suitable for 'classroom usage in York 10021 teaching about several African countries, songs, games, Permanent Mission ,of Mauritania, 150 East 52d St.; stories, holidays, and dress. Neyi York 10022 Some important holidays of Ethiopia are described here.Due to Ethiopia's dissimilar calendar and method . PerfitTnt Mission of .Morbcco, 757 Third Ave., 23d of reckoning time; pupils will enjoy learning about this . Maur,' iCew York 10017 .. faraway land,' so full of. history and prehistorical sites' Perroa.nent Mission of Niger, 866 United Nations Plaza, yet to be understdod by modern man! Suite570, New York 10017 The country'of Ethiopia, situated as she is in the high- permanent Mission of Nigeria, 757 Third. Ave., .20th lands of East Africa, is a land of perpetual sunshine. FlOoi, New York 10017 Her calendar has 13 months, and is often referred to ". Permanent Mission ot Rwandese Republic, 120 Eist as " Thirteen Months of Sunshine.". 56th St., Rm. 630, Ney! York;16002 The " Thirteen Months of Sunshine" are based 'upon Pefmanent.Mission of Senegal, 46 East 66th St.-, Third the Julian calendar which has been retained by the Floor, New York P0017 Ethiopian people.The Western World discarded the Permanent Mission, of. Sierra Le%-..riet, 30 East 42d St.,, Julian calendar and adopted tbo-'6regorian calenddr Rm. 608, NeW York 10017 400 years ago. Permanent Mission of Somalia, 236 East 42d St.. l'hird There are 12 months. of 30 days each.There is1 Floor, New York 10017 . " month of 5 days (during leap year, this month has 6 Permanent Mission of South Arica, 300 East 42d St.,. days).There is also a difference of 7 years in, the 17th Floor, New Yoxk 10017 calendar; hence 19.67 in the U.S.A. is 1960 in-Ethiopia. .

The first of the important holidays is New Year's Day .Day falls on January 7th in Ethiopia, andnot on 'De- (Inktitalash) around which a Unit of. Study for Grade centher 25th, as it does in' America. One has been written. The Ethiopian Other holidays of great national calendar is different from the Aniericancalendar and significance are:Maskal, Yezew Ba'al, Timkat,Genna so theltiliday comes at another time. (Christmas); Easter, Patriots' Liberation Day, andthe. In far-off Ethiopia, there is no snowat Christmas and King's birthday. Several of these holidaysare discussed below. no one brings a Christnias tree indoorsto make the house beautiful.' Trees arc forevergreen over there. . Inkuta'tash is the Ethiopian New Year: This day Flowers are always blooming in the gardensaround the falls in September, usually,on theI I th. The month people's homes. Children and ladies justgo outside and Which begins the New Year is called Maskaram,and 61:: ew 'lovely flowers to; bring inside the house for the 1 I other Months, has 30 days. holi- Schools reopen forov.-- er; . The homes.,rire made fo look bright andfull of ing Maskeram., hence the first. month Ofthe official color in this .way.! Ethiopian calendarisalsothefirst month ofthe Ethiopia was' one of the Ethiopian school year. very firm countries in the world to celebrate Christmas, :roadthe people have kept Inkutaldsh begins with the gathering of flowers..Boys the custom year after;year.First of all, everyone goes and girls spend the day making lovely bunches of flowers to church the night before and staysthrough. until the. out of those gathered from the countryside and gardens. morning comes.. On Chriitmas, in the morning, the im-. These are given to friends and neighbors as an expression portant people of the church recite poetry, danceto.soft of good wishes for the coming-year. Sometimesthe chil- drumming, and then the service isover. dren are given coins in return. During the day, the most importantgarite of theear Traditional mores in Ethiopia ascribeto. children a is played in a large meadow.The game is called. special place and role. Hence, their activities are' quite " Genna." There are two teams of meirorof boys, and separate from those of adults..Children understand this . each team tries, to strike a wooden ball' across the field and revere their own special status as children.They to the opposite sides.It is a hard game to play,so may dress up for the afternoon and then look 'forward ladies do not play. Ofcourse, little girls do not either. to the evening time when they. will be able to observe They watch the game. Thegame lasts all day, until the 'the adults in the lionie preparing for largerfestivities sun is ready to set. such as dinner. parties, dancing,formal receptions, and Later in the eVening,..in every home, such. Long .before the nighttime activities there is much begin, the joyand merrymaking.The winners of the 1.1 Genna " children are tucked into bed witha traditional story or game arewelcomed to join in the fun. .folktale told by Mother. . . The ladies have good foods preparedfor supper. The Maskal alSo falls in September.Maskal.is a religious bread is called `` injeta " and is holiday, related to and celebrating the 'placed upon a large finding of the round tray.This large " injera ". is eaten withany True Cross by St. Helena.People everywhere gather meat prepared = chicken, beef, lamband in the openfield or public with many squares, each bringing a stick vegetables.There is also a good sauce which is-.called 'of green wood for the occasion. In the center of the-wat.. The wat is. quite hOtto taste and very good with square or open area, the sticks are piled high around -the meat. . a tall pole which has been previously secured for j-the-- 'Later in the night there is singing and festivities. ,A cloth is dancing and placed over the pile of sticks and, storytelling for' the young children before finally, flowers from the fieldsare cort atop. buring the their bedtime. Patriots' Day. is celebrated early in festivities, the cloth is removed and the entirestructure March (of the is set afire.: There is much dancing and Western calendar). ...Schoolchildren,Boy Scouts, sol- . chanting afterwards. diers, and patriots marchor ride on horseback to. a . . monument in Addis Ababa where 'ceremoniesare 'held The story of Christmai in Ethiopia isalways well re- -- ceived to commemorate the patriots who diedin the Italian by young children, especially beeause it fallion invasion:of the 1930's.. another date and is celebrated quite different, from the '.:Using library books for the value of the United States. The following_Story may be adapted for picture con- tent is another.excellent way to teach about presentation to the various agegroups. African turc. The teacher may select books 'withgood .colored In far off Ethiopia, a countryon the other side of the pictures of life in' Various. African world; Christmas is countries from the': not celebrated in December.ChriSt; schOol library.These May be' used vs a Class library mac is celebrated in January. This is becauie Christmas set' for several days at a lime, giving thechildren-the 31.

opportunity to " look " at pictures.The text in books A taimplingof foods to be prepared is as follow:. is not often suitable for reading to young children, yet Fruitsof Africa Salad Fried Plantains the purpose of browsing through the books with good Groundnut Soup (peanut (Bananas) pictures depicting African life and culture is to discover soup) Maize Soup (corn soup) such facts as: Baked Bananas Fu-Fu (yams) Groundnut Bread Fried Fu-Fu (yams) I.Africa is a continent of deserts, grasslands; moun- Nigerian Pancakes Wait and Injera(East. tains with snow on top, forests, and great lakes as Fried.Cookies Africa-Theiopia) well as rivers. Mango- Banaii Sundae 2. The people in Africa are not all alike; they are as varied as people in other continents. Pupils will easily and readily learn which foods, grow 3. The Afro-American carriedfromAfrica to in particular geographic areas, which foods are similar Anwrica skills' and esthetic' values-which are a to those of their own parents' country of origin, and tV. . part. of the culture in the United States now. interestingly enough, which foods are used in the Carib- African countries are all different; the ways of bean area. in the same way. iife in various 'countries are different.Yet there" Recipes td be used in this unit follow: is a " continental ". culture observable ttirough r3 the music, art, and several cultural institutions:. DISHES FOR ANY OCCASION :-- SIDE DIMES religion, faMilY, recreation.' In addition to learning globe and map skills through tngo Salad

the preceding suggestions, pupils may be introduced to yielu. servings

archeology and anthropology. CUT 7. 2 mangoet. in V.-inch cubes in a 2-quart 'An excellent film to be used for these purposes is: bpWl. " What Color Are You?" Encyclopedia Britannica; ADD IA -fresh_pineapple eut in 14,-inch Cubes color sound film, No. 2554. BLEND 1. cupvinegar (white) with 1 cupapricot or papaya nectar , . Pour dressing over qrtlit. UNIT OF STUDY COMBINED WITH 'SERVE ON lettuce cups individuali, in' a bowl CLASSROOM PROJECTS-, ON. FOOD AND CLOTHING (From THE AFRICA:1 GOOK BOOK by Bea Sandler. . . A natural way to incorporate African culture and Hdrvest4fouse..) histOrOnto the curriculum is by including African food, and clothingwith the regular units on food and clothing This can be a successful unit of study as well as a class- Recipek e ropm project involving parents. An international

. 36 32

Mix peanut butter and liquid, stirring slowly until dis- BEAT 4 egg yolks with ... olved. Bring mixture slowly to a boil.Add optional IA cupsugar until light. ingredients if desired....Serve. Peanut soup may be used as'a sauce for shrimp, beef; ADD 4 mashed 'bananas or thieken.. For a main dinner conise, use peanut soup 2 cupscrushed pineapple (42 can) as a basting oyer a cut-uptchicken. Bake chicken slowly: I cup orange juice until lender. cup shredded .coconut. * *4** * ** k POUR into freezer pans and freeze until mushy.. s PEANUT LOAF BEAT 4 egg whites until stiff. 2 cups coatd rice I IA cups milk ADD IA cup sugar. Beat to Merino le -consisieiicy!" '2 cups peanuts,.ground fine2 tsp. salt, Fold- into fruits.Freeze until firm. '3 eggs pinch of pepper SERVE in dessert (orsteMmed bar) glasses topped with Mix rice and peanuts.Beat eggs slightly, ,Add milk whipped cream and maraschino 'cher- gradually to eggs: Coinbihe with rice and peanuts. Add ries, with stems. salt and pepper.Pour- over greased loaf baking pan, Bake.in a moderate oven (3500).Serve. with a cream (From THE AFRICAN COOKBOOK byltea .Sandler. white sauce Or cheese sauce.This is a good meat sub- Harvest. Hotise.) stitute. (Used by permission of the Judson Press. From TABLE TALK AND TIDBITS by Dorothy A. Stevens.)

*****4;**

Nonalcoholic Ethiopian Punch GEOGRAPHY .AFRICA A .niddern globe and yield:. 1 gallQn an up-to -date world map arc two/essential tools for'teaching social Studies.Not only COMBINE I cupraspberry syrup does the pupil learn about the geographicalareas of Icupmaraschino cherry juice th.ewatld;climatic regions, and weather' changes, he ' 1. cuporange juice has an opportunity to trace the movements of :popula-

tions of 'people . Icuplemon juice from place to place Itis instance: . ..

the African people. : I.Clip pineapple juice f. Such'; mapas the Once.on the next page:can be rick.- ." I cup -grapejuice graPh'ed. by the teacher and afford the pupils the dis7' 1/jqts. Water or sparkling wateror ,7 Up covery of Africa's several geograPhic regions, interest: SERVE out 'of punehbowl garnished with orangeslices ingly .arranged by nature in ." layers;"neatly-one ato-P and plenty of ice. the tither.

Physical maps which show the mountainranges of- . r (From;THE AFRICAN COOK BOOK by Bea Sandler. :Africa: are also interesting, especially. the eastern range; Harveit House.) where tile human fa milydeveloped. Some of themoult- taintops are covered with snow, an interestingi feature * !It ******.

of the continent so often thought ofas hot. . Aseccrad gqod Map for reproducing or examining is DISHES: FOR ANY OCCASION DESSERTS the map on slave ro4utes to the New World, indicating the _several ,water .routes across which the' African people Tropical Whip were- brougbt to the New World:Should the teacher. yield: 8 portions wish to, the class might also draw waterroutes followed by the African explbrers to the New World during the ...In a 2-quart bowl pre-Columbian days. Iv

1 CLIMATE ZONES

MOUNTAIN RANGES OF AFRICA

Eastern Highlands

. P I `Mt Kenya (snow Covered)

Mt Killmanjoro

ti 34

Country by. Country, or Region by Region, in Africa The Products-of Africa Pupils may learn about African countries in the following ways: 1.Alphabetization of African countries:' 2.List African countries in regionalgroups. 3.List those located in specific geographic regions,_,. MOW41117' -4111n6; desert, grassland, forest, mountain, etc. Enper 4.Class assignments. for research on one.,eoentry, Ueu osphatemlel"AlkeY3, in depth. Each pupil may be.assignedii different Eep; ten country. (Reprinted with the permission of the American Com- Pet. Pets 011 ---"--i=:144,, mittee on Africa 1964.) eeer Cott, Poanwts rOsim.ltuto Dart Suggested Class Project re.Iftitelertikit°41 abbey oerqn j PeMu lairsin The Products of Africa. tan nStant Pupils may be assigned into committeesto seek out Calumets Nob r F the names of natural resources, pf0tilICtS; andareas Itla° oas where these are found.. A.gOod.wall map of Africa, -Load a or., C an outline map of Africa made by a student, anda few,,, otl accurate books on African resources are all that are e. needed. This project can last for 2 weeks and lends stool oesa it IN sr tee itself to correlation with other studies of either products PPe tin it of the 'world, or, furthe7, study of individual African Seem Cot' .0004. sell countres. 1 Trod 011Vees Holm is an example of.the way in which the outline Vol Rear) of Africa can heconte another wall map' for the classroom, entitled "The Products of Africa." 6.4" Upon completion of the project, each studentcan he (Reprinted by perniission of International Publishers given a copy for his notebook, through usage of a rixo- Co., Inc. From THE WORLD AND'AFRICAby Dr. graph master and duplication of the final. Map. DU 49.)

TABLE II

LANDS OF \LOW, MIDDLE AND HIGH CARRYING CAPACITY 1 OF THE SEVERAL CONTINENTS

Useless or low carrying capacity.

Africa's '1 Deficient Total solar Total advantage useless in medium 4 energy Mountain- or low Continents Total area high' or high Deficient polar- ous carrying carrying sq. miles Rainfall % 1 :Ingo carrying lands % capacity % capacity % capacity AFRICA 11,497,009 3,9 (0,000 34 none 0 805,000 7 4,715,000 41 6,782,000 59

ASIA 18,000,000 3,420,000 19 1 3,420,000 19 7,020,000 39 13,860,000 77 4,140,000 23 2,642,000 I 2. N. AMERICA 9,323,000 1;025,000', 11 i 3,915,000 42 1,583,000 17 6,523,000 70 2,800,000 30 3,982,000

S. AMERICA ii,889,000 757,790 11 f none 0 1,033,000 15 1,791,140 6 5,097,000 74 1,1585,600 EUROPE none 0 946,960 24' 504,270 13 1,451,230 37 2,427,770 63 4,354,230 AUSTRALIA '1,947;:iill 1,249,324 42 non 0 29,745 1 1,279,069 43 1,695,512 57 5,086,488 (From FREEDOMWAYS magazine, p.164, Vol. 3, No.1, Winter 1963.) 35 HISTORY - AFRO AMERICAN

Calendar ofAfro-American Contributions to America YEAR YEAR DAY NoimE BIRTH DEATH CONTRIBUTION JANUARY' 4 Benjamin Lundy 1789 1839 Colonizationist 15 Martin Luther King, Jr. 1929 1968. Civil rights leader 17 Paul Culla 1759 1817 Colonizationist, seaman, philanthropist 18 Dr. Daniel Hale Williams 1858 1931 Surgeon, performed first successful human heart operation Note; George. Waihington Carver 1864 1943 World's greatest chemurgist 5 Day Governor's Decree, 1945, N.Y. FEBRUARY Langston Hughes 1902 1967 Poet, writer 3 Charles Henry Turner 1867 1923 Biologist, studied colony life . Riehatd Allen 1760 1831 Founder of African Methodist 'movement 14 Frederick Douglass 1817 1893 Abolitionist, statesman, orator 23 W. E. B. Du Bois 1868 1963 Writer, historian, scholar 27 Marian Anderson 1908 Concert artist Note: Negro History Week embraces Douglass' birth date. MARCH

12 Col. Charles Young 1864 . 1922 Martyr, soldier 18 Norbert Rillieux 1806 1894 Inv,entor of the sugar refining process Note: 5 Crispus Attucks in 1770 was first American to die in cause of Revo-: lutionary. War. 7 Eget:mice in 1539 was discoverer of seven cities of Cibola in South- west. 10 Harriet Tubman 1820 1913 Underground railroad leader 20 Jan, ritlatzelinger 1852 1887 Patented the shoe 'lasting machine APRIL 5 Capt. Robert Smalls 1839 1915 Civil War hero, 'deliverer Of "Planter," southern gunboat to Union lines C

YEAR YEAR' DAY NAME ° BIRTH DEATH CONTRIBUTION

AUGUST 4 Robert Purvis 1.810 1898 Abolitionist

7. kalph.J. Bundle 1904 1971 Social ,scientist, Nobel Prize winner . . 8 Matthew A. Henson 1866 1955 ExPlorer, planted U.S. flag on North Pole

10 Clarence Cameron White 1880 1960 Violinist, composer

14. Ernest Everett Just 1883 1941 Marine biologist

16 Peter Salem 1816. Minuteman of Bunker Hill, Revolutionary War

17 Marcus Garvey 1887 1940 Nationalist philosopher

SEPTEMBER

1 Hiram Revels 1822 1901 1st U.S. Negro Senator, 2 James Forten 1776 1842 Inventor, abolitionist 6 J. A. Rogers 1884 065 Anthropologist

12 Prince Hall 1748 807 Free Masonry leader 12 Jesse Owens 19131 Olympic star 13. Alain Leroy Locke 1886 1954 Philosopher, author John Henry (many writers be- Legendary figure who de- lieVe John Henry's feats took featedamachine ina place in Sept. mid-1800's) steel-drilling contest 24 .E. Franklin Frazier 1894 '1951 Sociologist

OCTOBER 10 R. Nathaniel Dett 1882 1943 Pianist, composer

NOVEMBER . 9 Benjamin Banneker 1731 1806 Astronomer, inventor, niathematician 16 W. C Handy 1873 1958 Originator of blues

DECEMBER

. 1.. Hain T. Burleigh 1866 1949 ° Composer. 6 Theodore K. Lawless. 1892 1971 Dermatologist

15 William A. ,Hinton 1883 1959 . BiCteriologist developer of Hinton test for syphilis

19 Carter G. Woodson 1875 1950 Historian

. 4) K. 38

In presenting the people'of the United States, first as 1733-17851 nnmigrants, then.later as: Origin as " Africa " 4,146 discoverers and explorers, volonialand revolutionary The Gambia to Sierra.Leone 12,441 Sierra Leone" 3,906 leadersi, leaders in establishingO.nation, leaders in. the Liberia and the Ivory Coast fight for human rights, leadersin industry and sci- (Rice and Grain Coast§) 3,11S1 Guinea Coast (Gold Coast to Calabar) -once, *leaders in the ails and patriotism,the true role Angola 18240 Congo 11,485 and relationship of the Afro.American to the period 10,924 Mozambique of time ofincident should he placedin context. 243 East Africa 230 As in every other curriculumarea, the role of. Africa Imported.from Africa 65,466 Imported from the West Indies or of African:descendants should be contextual,rather, 2,303 tlian appendaged andapart fromThe books listed in 67,769 thy. appendix of this manualinclude references for li- -- (From AFRICA: HER HISTORY,LANDS AND bra-brary- research and classroommay...These niaterials PEOPLE by John A. Williams.1965. Cooper Square 'can be used concurrently with the regulartextbook, so . Publishers, N.Y. 10003.) that the pupil gains a realistic ,pientreof American historical development andcan thereby deal with the con- An excellent book foruse in the area of Americans frontation of black and white' whichlooms so largely of African descent who have participatedin all of the in the common life today.' fields of endeavor to buildAmerica is: In order to be able to workwith such concepts as They Showed the Way by " What kind of a world. wOUld Charlemae Rollins, New you like to live in?!' or York, N.Y. Crowell Company, ." What are some of America's- 1964. most pressing problems 0 today? " or " How can people best1K::; together:in the The subjects of Slavery inAmerica, Slave Insurrec- future?" the pupil needs..exposureto t4;;, continuum of tions, The Revolutionary War,The Civil War,'Recon- the " fight for free_dom " whichhas tg;ert waged from struction, and Civil Rights shouldbe treated along with the time that the first Africanwas put aboard a slave The IndUstrial Revolution, TheThirteen Coloniei, The shin: in 1441. De aration of Independence,The' Westward Expan- sion, Choice of words\ is important, for.example: African nd The Gaining of Statehood. people were forcibly broughtto the New World during the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19thcenturies i.4 order to Tile Afro-American for Liberation supply the labor force neededto build Ow country. During the ifith century, .the firstinsurrection took. (Negroes did not come from Africa,nor were the first place. The Hama of the leaderis not yet known. In .African slaves brought'to'the New World, or to United what is now South Carolina,a Spanish colony of about States soil in 1619:)American hiStOrical.development .500 Spaniards and, 150 Africanslaves was shortlived, is related to Industrial Revolution,and the relationship due to the Aciiion of theAfrican slaves who killed neeilS. presentation-incontext.-(See. World Book En- their masters and escapedto the Indians. The remain- cyclopedia, " Industrial Revolution.") ing Spanish colonists left for'Haiti in 1526. The importation of African peoplewas a carefully , Until about 1675, therewere not large populations of kept recorded venture.. See chartbelow as an example African-slaves in the colonies.Slavery was not legalized of bookkeeping daring the 18thcentury. until 1660, and the Atlanticslave trade had not yet begun in earnest:. , There were about. 350 slave revoltsOr insurrections SHIPMENTS OF SLAVES INTO CAROLINA FOR THE YEARS 1710 TO 1796: 'from the '17th to the 19th 'centuries.The Africans . Source of origin given asAfrica " 20,564 fought against slavery overtly andcovertly.Some of Gambia (including.Senegal andGoree) 3,652 the ways in which enslavementwas fou&nt were com- " Guinea" (from sources indicatedas Gold Coast, Cabocorso Castle, bande, Hance Island and mitting suicide, individualor 'mass,- and infanticide, Windward Coast) 6,777. staging hunger strikes, breaking ofimplements, Poison- Calabar (Old Calabar, New Calabar andBonny) 9,224 Angola ing of the Owner and'his family, 3,860, feigning illness, inflict- Madagascar, 1,011 ing harm upon oneself (breaking own arm Or leg Slaves brought directly from Africa 45,088. Slaves imported from the West Indies 7,046 to prevent being worked), setting firesto fields and Slaves imported from other American 'houses el' the wvmer, running ports away, plotting with In- _'370 dians against the settlers, joiningthe'British forces dur- 52,504 ing the Revolutionary. War. ,

43 .

i I I.,I /1 lI t I 1 1 ;;;NORTIV: 1 s I / I t =ABIERAC / I t -- The. _ I Thirteen------1- 4 - Louisiana, '' , Colonies , i It I.

i . I ,I 1 ATLANTIC OCEAN , 1 aim 1

%C`%` %,.. I \ %. I .,..,,

\ \ \ \ , , p-

'',- , 7.- _. 4, % ,., -.... % vadr... `... % N I % "":" -: \ -, , ,-, AI, I v,'":" Imo. \ t r1. 5 \'.L...... -:(1 , i ;1, :0 ; ' \ ." ' \ "

(Used with the written permission of the JUNIOR CATHOLIC MESSENGER, published by Geo. A. Pflaum, Publisher, Inc.) portant. slave reliiiliOns were: .

13 1741 In New York City, 31 slaves put to death for So aggressive were the African's against the state of planning a rebellion. enslavement, laws known as 'Slave Codes had to be 18 Gabriel Prosser, in Virginia, led 11,000 slaves;, passed and owners had- to keep firearms under their torebel. A toirentia storm- (ideated the beds and pillows to be assured of self-defense and pres- execution of the ri...volt and Prosser, along with ervation against African uprisings.There were no many- followerl, executed. . docile slaves or happy slaves singing and dancing at 1822 Denmark. Vesey, its South Carolina, planned. night on, the plantations.This was a false image per- . an extensive"militaly onslaught .against slave-- petrated long after slavery had legally ended y sustain owners.His Plan was pctiayed by house what had become white supremacy in America. servants." °. ,

f .44 40

1831 Nat Turner, in Virginia, begana rebellion in which all slaveowners and their familieswere to be killed.When he was captured, finally, he was put to death. 1839 Joseph Cinque led a mutiny aboard the ship - Amistadon the high seas and landedat Mon- tauk Point, Long Island.,His case, and that of the other AfricanS who mutinied with him ,vas finally taken to the Suprenie Court, and the Africans were set free. What had begun as an economicanswer to a labor shortage, became a national institution by thetime of. the Civil Nat._ It was against the lawto teach a slave to read or to write. Slave familieswere broken up. the sale of family members at the. auction block. A master had the right to whip, punishseverely, sell, or give away a slave. The African people werenot allowed to perpetuate their own culture, religionin-' eluded. A part of the Christianization of theAfrican in the colonies was the teaching that he(the African) was meant, by God, to serve.whitc people. Pupils should understand that the differencebetween slavery in the colonies (and later, the.UnitedStates of America)' and elsewhere at any time in thecourse of human history is this: HISTORICAL 'FIGURES ----UNITED STATES The process of kiting away the culture andhumanity Simplified stories of persons who shotild beknown of the African people,calleddehumanization.. to the childrc.n may be read to theyoungest, oerexo- Famous Civil Rights. Leaders graphed for the older pupils whocan read (upper first grade, second grade), During the 19th century, the followingwere outstanding: Examples:. Frederick Douglass.. Martin Luther. King, Jr. 'David Ruggles David Walker Mr. King was a very good. man..He was also very smart.He was a preacher, who believed in loveso Henry Highland Garnett much that he would ,..Harriet Tubman never strike back if someone' hit him. . Sojournor Truth'- ), He, worked for, peace among theraces of men and During, the 20th century, the followingarc outstand- was killed for this work. He wanted to be remembered ing: as someone whO worked for peace, love, and harmony. Marcus Garvey Malcolm X Phoebe Fraunces !.Stokejy Carmichael . George Washington, the first President of the United Jamcs Forman. States, was saved from .death bya young girl named Martin Luther King, Jr. .Phoebe Fraunces.It so happened that onc.night, W. E. B. Du Bois someone put poison in. George Washington'ssoup, at the Edward Blyden restaurant owned by Phoebe's father. Fannie Lou Hamer Phoebe found out about it, rushed to the table Dick Gregory where George Washingtonwas being served his soup, and William Monroe Trotter threw the soup away.Wasn't she smart?

45 1 0

Who Am I Quiz For Assembly Programs 7I invented and patented the 1-1:7;: shoe lasting ma-, Suggested for Grades 3-4 chine that made it possible for shoes to be pro7 This is a stimulating activity which can involve the duced in mass production.I worked for1 years audience as well as the class presenting the play. Best at my invention. , time.for presentation is on Frederick Douglass' birth (JAN MATZELINGER) date, Fcbruary 14th, which is during the week celebrated as Negro History Wceli:This isa natural culminating 8-1 wrote The-Three Musketeers, which has been made into a movie for boys and ,girls to enjoy. activity for thc grades, as by this time, all pupils have, been exposed throughout the previous months to Afro- (ALEXANDER DUMAS) American culture and contributions to the United States. 9I was born on February 14, 1817.. I was born Cast: varied,, each character dressed in accordance into slavery.I escaped by masquerading as a . with the personality he or she portrays. sailor.I found work and used the mercy earned. Props: varied, pupils may. paint background scenes to buy books.. I became a famous orator. I 'trav- appropriate to the contributions included in the quiz. eled to England and spoke arainst slavery. There 1I am the first Afro-American woman ,_to play is ,a.museum in Washington, 1.)7C.; named after and win the championship at Wimbledon, Eng- me.Negro History Week m.lebiees my. birth

land.I am a tennis player,I wrote the story date. . .

Of my life in the book, I Always Wanted To Be (FREDERICK DOUGLAS'S) . Somebody. -, .(ALTHEA GIBSON) I was a great .speaker long ago.I told stories which had a moral at. the end. These stories. have 2I was a baseball player.I was the first-Afro- come down to children through the (Taturies. American to play in big league baseball. They are called Fables. . (JACKIE ROBINSON) (AESOP). lJ 3I helped to construct the, tunnels through the I II was a famous writer of history, biogtaphy, mountains of West Virginia.Songs; poems, and . poetry, and plays.I loved children and lived . stories have been written about me because I won in Harlem whenever I was in New York.Some.. a race against a steel drill. . of my best poems are in a book called 'the Dream (JOHN HENRY) Keeper. 4I am called The Father of the Blues because I sat (LANGSTON HUGHES) down and wrote the musical notes that my people 12I am now called The Father of Negro History. had been composing and singing for many years. There is a film about my life which you may have I worked all of my life and gave,all of my time seen already. to. writing down the truth about black people of (W. C. HANDY) the Old 'World and of the New World. I began Negro History Week and the first large publish- 5-1 lived about 100 years ago.I was a poet and ing house for African and Afro-American history. wrote five books of verse.I am famous around Scholars all over the world read my books. the world for my poetry.One of them is The (CARTER,P: WOODSON) Seedling.

(PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR). These, are added persons of note.The teacher may . 6I was born in Maryland.When' I was in ele- write her own descriptions, or involve the pupils in writing descriptions. mentary school I did not spend much time play- Suggested additions are: ing with other children.I preferred to spend Dr. Charles Drew' developer of the blood bank'and time solving ,mathematical problems.I made first director . . the first striking clock in America.I published .Dr. Daniel Hale Williams first to perform open an almanac.I was chosen by. Thomas Jefferson heart surgery to help plani Washington: D.C.I memorized all the plans drawn u0, and when they were needed, 'Haile Selassie Emperor of Ethiopia I drew them all again from memory. , Malcolia' X fighter for human rights for the Afro- (BENJAMIN BANNEKER) American people

46 IIIMIONPRIMIPIPIIPIP7MPREIGIPPENNININIP.IPPIIMI.P.01111111.1111PTIMIMINIMMIMPIPmilgIMPINFmmIMPIIMIE.11

Garrett Morgan inventor of the traffic signal and .1..A. Rogers the gas mask a pioneer in, Afro-American history Martin Luther King, Jr. civil rights martyr Gwendolyn Brooks-- poet, winner of the 'Pulitzer Prize for pony in 1950 Pupils will become: engrossed inthe research related ".Duke'' Ellington --jazzconcert composer to developing a complete "quiz " forassembly presenta- . tion. Phoebe Fraunces heroine who saved George.Wash: This same type -of quiz' .. ington's life in her father's restaurant,Frauncee can be utilized in the class- Tavern, New York City room.

47 .1.MIFIM111"...... "rrn^110.1111,7.1=07.19r....!rPO.

O MATHEMATICS a

lianneker, who made the first. striking clock in America.`The clock ran for 22 years without stopping! . Discuss the difference between telling time in Ethiopia and in America.- In Ethiopia, the first hour of the day is calledI o'clock (7 o'clock in America), tlie second hour of their day is called 2 o'clock (8 o'clock in America),and so on. For the second grade'pupil, this is a fascinating discovery. 4.With a globe in the classroom, the kindergarten teacher is able to indicate distances between the continents of the world.This is especially well. received during U.N. week, when the class is exposed to various cultures through the use of books, filmstrips, films,: and folklore.In grades 1 and 2 there can also be a map 'of the world on hand. Comparison of the sizes of the continents as well as the abundance 'of water around them is an excellent way to reinforce concepts of space, distance, liquid (water), and solid (land). 5. When introducing the basic geometric shapes, thd circle, the square, the triangle,:and the rectangle, Paul Williams there is. another opportunity to relatethee lcarnin to the culture of Africa. -The basic geometric (Reprinted With the permission 'of the author) shapes are used practically throughout the- con-

. , tinent ,of Africa in works of art as well as in Mathematics in the earliest years is principally con- designs of cloth used.The popularity of Afri- cerned with concepts, and then with the application of can prinis.during. the 1960's in &Medea affords the concepts to concretes situations.Hence, other sub- the teacher to use " everyday-wear " as examples ject areas are highly correlated with the teaching of of African prints. mathematics' for the youngest.Stories, 'songs, even In the second grade, pupils may be introduced games are used to teach the pupil to understand ordinals, to the ancient pyramids through pictures. Here spatial relationships, and time. -,is another basic geometric form, used in West Following the same pattern, the teacher-can include. Africa right up Ina today, for staking bags of understandings' about African cultirre and history as peanuti for marketing.. ,. well as Afro-American 'culture and history.A few '6. The teacher may use African names in presenting examples will suffice to orient the.teicher. story problems. These names will become famil- I.Teach the song about Benjamin Banneker when iar toher and to the class once the library in the introducing or reinforcing concepts and tinder- room is stocked with books-about Africa and put

. standings about the reckoning of time. , to use. 2.Tell the story, or read the story, or have the 7.The teacher may use situations from. African pupilsiread for themielves, the story of Benjamin stories or folklore in presenting story' roblems.

I umwriuwauvrelm wontulskr.41111,111411

The ,Ethiopian 'clockmay also be interpolated. 4. Of the three mountains listed-ashavirg highest .American clock Ethiopian clock peaks, which one is closestto the average of the total feet? 7 a.m. 1st hour ofi the day 8 a.m. 2d hour -of the day 9. a.m. 3d hour of. the day SOME FEATURES OF AFRICA 10 a.m. 4th hour of the day Rivers 1 1 a.m. ° 5th h o u r of the day Nile 4,145 miles 12 noon . 6th ftoitr-of = the ;day '.- Congo 2,718 miles Niger and so on' until the evening (7p.m., which is the first 2,600 miles Zambezi. .."-hotir of the-evening) or,.1.o'clock agaca,'in Ethiopia. 1,600 miles Orange 1,300 miles Senegal This is not due to the difference in timearound the 1,050 miles Zimpopo world; this is because the hoursare calculated differently 1,000 miles in Ethiopia. Gambia 700 miles Pupils may learn to tell time by usingthe Ethiopian, clock, for example: __. Lakes I.It is 3 o'clock in New. York-.What time would Victoria 26,828 square miles it be if the clock in New Yorkwere the same as Tanganyika 12,700 square miles the clock in Ethiopia?(Answer: 9 o'clock) Nyasa 11,430 square miles Rudolf 2,473 square miles- _, Bangwculu 1,900 square miles Albert 2,075 square. miles Chad* 7,060 square miles *In rainy season.

Waterfalls Maletsunyane 630 feet King George. 450 feet Victoria Face of clockinNem.York Face of clock in Ethiopia '355 feet Aughrabies Not measured It is better nal, to use the international timee zones with the problem, for there isan additional several Deserts hours' diffefence again, duc'to Ethiopia'slocation: -Sahara 3,500,000 square miles From the chart on the followingpage, several prob- Kalahari 120,000 square miles lems may be developed andafford pupils an opportu- Nubian (Sudanese) .tiot measured nity to learn about the interestingfeatures of the con- Namib.(Soutb-West Africa)Not measured tinent of Africa. Types of problems which may be developed Mpuntain Ranges I.Of,the eight important rivers of Africa, which.is Rtiwenzori (Mountains the longest?The' shortest? What is the differ- of the Moon) 16,000 'feet at highest point ence. in. length between the longest and the short- Atlas 13,500 feet at hiipust point eit?Which' river is exactly half, of another? Which one?Are there any other rivers where. Highest 'Peaks; one is'exactly half the length of the other? Which. Mt. Kilirrianjaro: :19,:,t0 feet. two rivers are involved in the second case? Mt. Kenya 17,058 ket 2.Average the square miles of the lakes listed in the Mt. Cameroon 13.500 feet. chart. Which lake is closest in square miles to (From AFRICA: HER HISTORY, the average? LAND AND PEOPLE by John A..Williams. 1965.Cooper SIR uare 3. How much larger than theKalahari is the. Sahara Publishers, New York, N.Y. 10003.) I Desert? . I ******** 45

EGYPTIAN FRACTIONS American American Ethiopian Ethiopian Ancient Egyptian fractions were usually expressed year month month- year

as unit fractions, IA, The numerator was usually 1, . but the :denominator was changeable.This typc of 1969 Sept.' 11 -Oct.10 Maskaittin 1962 thinking would take the fraction IA and expreSs it as -* Oct.11-Nov. 9 Tikimt the sun ; of IA + IA' -1- IA; after thinkihg about it as Nov. 10-Dec. 9 Ilidat Dec. 10-Jan. -1-X'1:1=:;,14,Modern-day activities with money and 8 making change are eirectly relatedto this, type of think- Jan 9 -Feb. 7 Tir ing.Withiin the process of working with .fractions in Feb: 8-Mar. 9 . S'akatit the Egyptian manner, there.: are many. applications to Mar. ID-Apr.. .8 Maggabit APr.... classroom situations involved -whew a fraction isre- 9-June 7 . Miyazya. named with .unit numerator: This method provides. May 9-June 7 Ginbdt, 'June the substance of clasSioom activities geared demon- 7 Sane strie the extent of the knowledle r' fractions July 8 -Aug.6 Hantle . Aug...7-Sept. 5 Nahase bascd upon their ability to -; interpret terms of a differing denominator a uncha.ging: nu-.. Sept.: 6-Sept. 10 Pagunten. mcrator. (From Operations With Fractions, No. 3,-. Series of Informational Parnp.'.ift:.. About EleoilitarY Pupils may determine how old they wouldbe at the School Mathematics, ThcState Iducation Depaqient, present time, by the Ethiopian calendar..'-; Bureau of Elementary .Curriculum Dev'elqi?meht. bany, 1965.) MATHEW HENSON ". The Ahmes Papyrus, t!u: idest recognized mathe- 'Don Pyburn matical document was written in Egypt.. The opacity of.barns for:storin; _grains and then= of pInnt 5gures _.related .to surveying received consider:, is ;:ntion. The Material recorded- in the papyrus i:lust:; the practicalsituations to which gconictry -.Aplied. 3 (Fiont Grometry and Mensurentent, No. 5 oft of Informational Pamphlets About Elcmcntary Mathematics, The University of the,State of Ncw York, The State Education Department, Bureau of Elementary Curriculum Development, Albany, 1965.) The Egyptians measured the year of 365 days into ti 12 months of 30 days each, and an extra month of 5 days' (6 in leap year).The earliest date known in the Egyptian calendar is 4236 B.C. ***** * * *

The Ethiopian calendar is an interesting one for pupils to learn about. The year consists of 12 months of 30 days e.,leh anda 13th month of 5 days (or .,6 for leap year).This much is like: the old Egyptian calendar. 1.* The year begins during the 9th month of. the American if calendar. 1

(Reprint from the book PRINTS BY-AMERICAN A N EGRo'ARTISTS,.With permission of the publisher: Cultural .Exchange Ccntcr,- Los Angeles, California)

mmsetoulne IIIPMMINIRIMIMPIrrIPIPPIMMo1.4111, IWEIPMPINNOWIIMMINWIWINNIerIMIIMMINOPIP

SCIENCE

In the field of science, many Afro-Americans have Long ago, a man named Jan Matzelingerworked for made contributions which !echoa better common every: I 1 years, t' make a machine which is 'day life for all. called a shoe lastihg Although children in the early grades machine.His invention is the do not study biographies, except through reason why your shoes the celcbra- cost very little money, for theycan be sewn together .tio.n.of holidays for the most. part, the teacher can' inter- quickly and cheaply thesedays. weave the facts presented below into the science lessons This story can, be reador told when studying com- as they occur in sequence of the year's surely. munity helpers, and the class visitsthe shoemaker in GEORGE WASHINGTONCARVER THE PEA- the neighborhood: NUT MAN . DR. DANIEL HALE WILLIAMS HEART George Washington Ca'rver lived longago before our SURGEON .:. parents were . born.He was Very,'very poor.Like When current events arc discussed,and/oi the tele- most boys and girls he enjoyed Watching birds and other vision programs show heart transplantation,the teacher animals ofthe woods. He began studying sciencewhen may take the opportunity to point out to the pupilsthat he was a young boy and madeup his mind to learn all the first successful heartoperation took place' a really that he could about plants and animals. Hediscovered long titricdgo (for them) andwas performed by Dr. peanut butter could be made from peanuts. That is Daniel Hale Williams, of Chicago, Illinois. , why he is remembered as the " Peanut Man."He made GARRETT MORGAN L.- INVENTOR hundreds of other .good things for peopleout of the peanut, the sweet potato, .and. the When out walking in the community,and Waiting for pecan.When you the traffic light to change from red cat peanut butter sandwiches always' think of.George to green, or from Washington Carver. - green to red, the teacher has an opportunityto tell the children that a; man named Garrett On January Stp, the clasimay have a Carver Party, Morgan invented and taste pnanut butter on crackers, make the traffic signal so thatcars and trucks can move safely pictures of through the streets. Dr. carver at work in his laboratory, learnthe song, Would it not be difficult without " George Washington Carver." the traffic signal?The children can conjureup many answers to the question and they will remember the DR: CHARLES DREW, FATHER OF THE name of Morgan. along With the traffic signal. BLOOD BANK . In the field, 'oft science, biographies ofmen who have - Dr. Charles Drcw is someonewe should always made major contributionscan be studied and reported remembee-i 'He worked for mariy,many years to help' upon. The research related to the scientist's life should all the people of the world.He. was able to find' out take place during a unit 1Of studyconcerned with the how.to mike blood plasma and keep itstored away for type of work dope by the scientist.For example: doctors to use .when needed.Soldiers all around the Living Things:-- world have been given blood from bloodbanks. People .George Washington .Carver (Chemurgy] in hospitals have been given blood fromblood' banks. Percy Julian (Soybean research) . Dr. Drew was a friend to boys and girls, too., for some- Cliarlei Henry Turner (Animalbehavior) times boys and girlhave'to be given blood at the hos- Ernest Just (Marine biology)- pital. John James Audubon (Birdlife) This story can be read or told to the class at the time.. Our Growing Bodies: of the Red Cross membership dive,for:Jr..Drew was ..the first director Of the Red Cross Blood.Bank Charles Drew .(Blood- hematology) in.Britain. Percy Julian (Chemistry) JAN MATZELINGER MAKER OF THE SHOES' . Theodore 'K.' Lawless (Dermatology), LASTING MACHINE Daniel Hale Williams (Open heartsurgery). When you buy a pair:- of shoes at thestore, do you Air, Water, and Weather: everwonder how they can be made . and how your Benjamin Banncker (Published-an alinanac, parents can .buy them for ,so little Money? annually). ^ 46

51, 47

The Solar System: Ancient, hgyptians: Bowman, H. A. , Making Flags 1892 Benjamin .Banneker (Astronomy) Biooks, C. B. Punching Machine 1893 Streetsweepers 1896. Matter and- Energy: Ancient Egiptinns-: Brown, Henry Reeeptacle for Storing ElijahMcCoy' (Automatic lubricator) and Preserving Papers1886 Granville Woods (Railway telegraphy) Brown, L. F. Bridle Bit 1892 Lewis Latimer. (Electric ..lamp) Brown, L 'imer Water Closets for Pupils may be guided to select a field of interest td- Railway Cars 1894 themselves in which 'an Afro-American.scientist has Brown, 0. E. Horseshoe 1892 made a contribution.Pupil's may also be assigned- to. Johnson, W. Eggbeater 1884 find out in.'how many ways the scientific creations Of. Jones & Long Caps for Bottles. 1898 the Afro-American have improved the common life.,of Lavaletie, W. A. Printing Press 1878 all. Lee, J. Kneading Machine 1894 Lewis, Al L. Window Cleaner 1892 Love, J. L. Pencil. Sharpener 1897 TECHNOLOGY Matzelinger, J. E Shoe Lasting Machine 1891 I America is an industrial, technical society.This is McCoy, E. Litbricator for Steam. an outstanding feature of AMerican life known through-: Engines 1872. out the world,Although present7day tontributions to Drip Cup 1891 technology may be known to some extent'.1*.the Miles, A. Elevator , 1887 little,if any, conkideratioti has been given to...the.era Murray, G. W. Planter and Fertilizer prior to the 20th century. Distributor Reaper 1894 Nash., H. H: Life Preserving Stool 1.875 Afro- American' Inventions of -Nichols &. Latimer, Interest to School Age Children --- Lewis Electric Lamp 1881. (extractedfrom a listing of 341 inventions 1871 to 1900) , Afro-American Inventions 'of Interest to School Age Children Name of Name of Year of (coned.) Inventor Invention nvention Allen, C. W. ! Self-Leveling Table 1898 Name of Name of Year of Alien, J.13. Clothes-Lint Support 1895 Inventor Invention Invention Ashbourne, A. P. Process for' Preparing Nickersbn, W. J. Mandolin and Guitar Coainut for Domestic . Attachment for Piamis 1899 Use 1875 Pickering, J. F.' Airship 1900 Biscuit Cutter, 1875 Polk, A., J. Bicycle &ippon . '1896- Refining Coconut Oil 1880 Purdy, W. Device for Sharpening Bailey? L. C. Combined Trust _and Edged Tools 1896 Bandage 1883 Purvis, IV. B. Bag Fastener_ 1882 Folding Bed 1899 Fountain Pen 1890 Bailiff, C. 0. Shampoo Headrest 1898 Magnetic Car Balancing Beard, A. J., Rotary Engine .1892 Device . '-.1895 Car-Coupler 1897 Electric Railway. Switch1897e Becker, G.!E. Letterbox 1892 Ray, L. P. Dustpan 1897 Bell, L. Dough Kneader 1872 Reed, J. W. Dough Kneader and. Benjamin, Miss M.E. Gong and Signal Chairs Roller 1884 for Hotels 1888 Rhodes, J. B. Water Closets 1899, Binga, M. Street Sprinkling . Richardson, A. C.insect Destroyer 1899' Apparatus 1879 . Blackburn, IA. B. RailWay Signal 1888 I/ From the prec'eding list, it shduld be clear that the Blair, Henry Corn Planter 1834 Afro-American played a large role in developing tech"- Boone, Sarialt Ironing Board 1892 nology in the 19th century.

52 t I t MUSIC ti stick.. beaters maracas (gourds) 2.Membranophones (producing sound when hitor beaten) The highly intricate art of rhythm isexecuted. through drums of all types,includingsome whose ....,...names maybe familiar: -..--

Mb- conga (played with hands). tambour (playedwith two drumSticks) double-headed drum talking drums of Nigeria include, threediffer-..- ent kindS and different usesfor eachone (Sonic drums are shaped like pots, others like goblets, still others like bottles.Drumming is a type of science among the African musicians.) 3.Aerophones (producing sound when blown into). flutes trumpets whistles 4.Chordopliones(producing sound when pluckedj " JAZZ PLAYER " harps Scotland Ha- is . zithers (Reiirint from the book P10:4-1BY AMERICAN lutes NEGRO ARTISTS, with perksSion of the publishei: lyres Cultural Exchange Center, Los Angeles,California.) 5.. 'Body percuision (where the humanbodyis used as an instrument) The music section is divided intotwo parts: ° Afriean Music Below are two body 'Percussion exercises-for the Afro2American Mtisic teacher to use with he class.0. I.Sing a familiar song:.,,Clap.'in time.Clap every. bed first, then airy Otherbeat.Clap .AFRICAN 'MUSIC only the accented beats next. 'Developsyn- . African musical instruments should be identifiedas copation.' .After. clapping each of thetypes 'to origin and name: The drum is wellknown, yet the of rhytlim through an entireverse of your various types of drums are nor, and can be introduced wily, divide the class into two or himgroups easily through pictures in books and eultUral ° excursions. and clap several versions simultaneously. . The three major types of Afridan instrumentscan be 2, As you sing, clap hands (count 1), slap presented as: chest left ( count 2); slap clieStright (eount 3), and I.Idiophones (producing sound through theirOwn tap ;open ;Mouth. (count "4).Repeat again bodies) andp.gaiti;, ,Inctease you speed asyou gain ,, gongs skill,Notice phanges in: voice resonance as rattles' yOu tap your:Open mouth Nithilesinging.. castanets- ° . .. Below ar4':'Africiin songs that may be learned by.the xylophones ,children. 49

Come By Here !Ian

went--57"="ir.^-ir .7-4 Co,,e byheler.moiLad. ccv, here... Crested Crahe Luta° Longways 0 ii 0 I .9 We stern 1.1gondo ti wo ar Ma M M. Lot co by here`'_.. Coc-c by hee.y Lad. I,,M .vorow-77., sr mr-ma .*...-.M. lMr,INM.64B 11SNP ..e.n m I N IN , %AMINE* -AM111 .. WIN.,,M.01 M Wcwo-liwewaliWowo,li wa-woli, Wowo4i,. AM ,IMIL.1111 KIM j CM WV Ntu ha, Ntu -ho,' son dora turole, fituhoNyo 104... r...... Crane, oh crone, when will you be dan-cing?Ohcrested 1. SW.* 40 des dying, Lad. coif* by Itcc Semebody's .

rir. Fine ..71 * ...... r....-m-mm-m-rmforr r r a3,= 1 rr=rm,=1: Ir *Mt dytrhg,Lati.cav, by ;wt. Som,e.be ey's clyIrto. Lad wowoli D c. wowo11 wowoli, Wawali wowali. oesnoimrami...... 111-771.a I= MNIe ** 171 a.. bmilo/WorI ,.11.A../110* iMINNM1;,3!..1 I MI co-* bt 114"1 f /.r 0 Lord. corm L *, ere 41., .botgabo sari-da - ra, son do 7 SePtecsiy nreds you, Lad,. crone, let's see you dance, see you dance. Sorgtbaly's voyo. Lad.

1...0, Von 11.034 41 I.PM -.=.....11M1-"N...... ;= =.-.11.7IN.11 MMII MN= =1,=0 (V10171 111C Oak 'Publication: WE SHALL OVER- 1. So no Nyo - ko bwali foolison COME. (01963, OakTublications.Adaptation of 2. F. bi so r Ice e binyomwi . traditional scrig by 11cmbers of SNCC. Used by per- 1.Whenyour motherand your fo -ther both haws 2. Who gave --you thot pretty creston your .mission,,) D.0 11; LLA 13'V =1..11M . 1111111.iI I .I1:,111 MM. 11.14: rent no ho, Ntu * I 1.0 4, ho,Ntu ha sou - do a? nyi, A- maivie nge irr,Ntu : ha? 4,141.41,11, ff-gi-1;;i/1.0i4 .4 flown, With whom then will you do y3Uf dance? , ".. " 4A*. =',*16 11 ,. head, I% it kr,. SO.IsSti sup- posed to-- be 'our hair?

it,#.7-7:';I .. t a -- 4 '7 1 ..',1":"'..4 rdi : 3. Wawawa-li, Sandara, Ntuha, Ntuha, sondero. ?:t ,A1*, A, I* .:t Log wo, by r.1 7 ,,, 1 3. "Wowowoli," I like your song, But pese, oh, jt,4 -1 ^ rt Ls 1. ,. 1.0 p crane, ,let's see you dance! 14 51 :"...T.7..7 7 t t 4 : r Fri tr_14!"14.44.41-I Ths descent,. representing .the co of the crone. is folic sung only 10 la 4, Craw -t. tn yn, as. Vo. 1 yn.ru. ober 00000 s 7 aid 3, end by only one a er lea lightroicitd singers. SA,.111.S).*,11 11:t,}11. Contributed bi Alai horn Toro, Fran'llt.Neighbor,'U.5 Connit?o* les UNICEF. 1955. Englsh seises by A.D. Zons.g.

tok...1, ., &S .ek Itio tew, t. -x,,- t..ln fr' VS0- riljsift (From the book AFRICAN SONGS by Lyiin Ror- t Nr- **1911.. f*-.11fhal'All,...... 1a Nin. bough.) W.. .1,41411114,T +.1!***fi*V.M..4 4-4 ttitr it.d..-40,!sv:1.--...SU ri kroa-a. Cora

(From THE WHOLE WORLD SINGING compiled by Edith Thomas.Friendship Press.) 50 BEFORE DINNER Carol dart Sayre Congo Children's Song Arranged by Carol Hatt Soft

. O J _ . i. .. Tr F01.0: First. We g0 10 hoe our garden, al.: IN. ya..70.70..

. . AFRO-AMERICAN MIISIC 1 . Tr TT AGM& Ned V.0 carry Music, like art, is fe.verywhere in the African's life. . Jugs of va ler,at.t.t Tn. ya. ya. en. . Hence, as the African people traveled or were iforcibly %.9-11------il------Al-i:-4:-----If------1---7---7-E.F=4.7=-31 taken to various parts of the world, their music was -j'f------LT=--J::=jq:.7 transplanted to the new environment.Today, the en Tr TI vr SOM,Then'we pound theye I - low earn, .sit, Ya. pa. ya,ya. tire world enjoys Music which grew out of Africa and is now called American Jazz. African musical instruments which are well known --_-_-__ arc drums, harp, banjo, bells, castanets, marimba (xylo- 41P Tr sous:Then we stir ourpros of mush, at 1.1 l'a. 70. ya.. phOne),, tamborine, maracas (gourds), horns, flutes, gongs, and musical bows.' a 4 4-4 WM4 African music is noted for offbeat phrasing of melodic - _ accent, predominance of percussion, multiple meter, or NT iir-)=-1'---TIE-q1Y4ii=4-1-Aivr vr sousNo at, rat.. COM., gather round the eampflre.ao.: Th. ya.ya. ya. . the use of two or three time Signatures at once;, the _ overlapping of call and response and counterpoint is 7 ---;---4----1-----1 . most often prcsent. This wog from the Ion& tribe of the Belgian Congo describes the

duties.thai the women and Obtuse to presuimg a meal. One girlsings . the suiry,..ind all the othetijoin to the %bogus -Ta. s !a.ya. ya.- , u. tropeolOwoolo iwohhorw, Out of the oppressive experience of slavery, the Afro- (From THE WHOLE WORLD SINGING compiled American created the spiritual, the blues, the work song, by Edith L. Thomas.Friendship Press.) jazz, and' soul music.The Afro-American has found THE MAGIC TOM-TOM that very much' can be stated through new forms of Prom the Congo music.The various forms of, what has been called Carol Haft Say!! Otrlogo4 by Card Hat Sayre rfftA.:9 Am OfeAi A Orweg e4oIllot Negro music include:- S1-.1j-iirtqj=--rn-..--Fs,..._ .1-ii?"--;r;?1.1..r.TH...:::;:i. work songs play songs hollers blues spirituals jazz gospels rock

-_-----t *1-.±-44::JA:. 4:114::::1--:-r47:11 ;"--:ffj "t1 4 -7:717): : 7t. .1.;:.--4 ll.den to my le.uK to tom-1.0.1.1st. entoitston - de beat, All the Additional forms of African music not so well known' as African (in origin) are: tango cha cha cha rhumba beguine birds hrs.rer nest. In chirp and trg. All tls. Iren.keys smote dawn with .bo4ak nova conga samba

Pupils may learn the songs on the following pages. They are of several types. din-r lel feet.Oh; dome orals10 ;t Oh,Minee and elrgl Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing is the official song of the N.A.A.C.P.

The Lund/ tribe of the Belgian Congo enjoyroq about a tom that woo sonww:d to he magic because it elubl 31Wol 1 tp ft' ions. Really there wit a bOy inside the thstm. The storyteller sops at atmortiate places in the suss and this chorus is sung by the loosen.

Coor611.... b bosItArp

55 Crispus Mucks Benjamin Banneker nue Pittman Tllk 11.1)11C MAN Lightly Keclyn 1.allho Ist 'man

Ag "fI'fh r-ry .--4.41-' -=.:-.:':---=--=:

17j s.i177i is "."-

$ 14 IN, '. ')-:':;)- . ;----; -- ..-.- h.- .-1:-.-y.i...._,---1 ITo II. tall. I oil. loch. Ilan, -no . a .r. 2. Twit. link. tisk. loch. 'lawn __ u.1, ...,.. II. lies, 1.1 tis hood . . VI hos tsar 1Io 111,1 i. 11° In tsar 4 rjN--7-.T.Ti..--- 4.4 .

4N: e ar cO/ I I

iii__,____I--. i___I 4---2t =. r, Tisk. aril. -lids. 'Inch. haws, _. halt. Tsrls. ark. licit. inch. 4..,:-..1), 4 ,. - -_- - 7-1.117,--- V _17, ---=- .;. . ::: _.:_l_.:. -..-----:._=-: 1 -,iiErat''Hati.--t=t--z--= . V . ... . rwslfor A a Val lot A m., LA# j ,i;r _l__i ,..,1"11 U. S. ; 4t.:- - -6 7E7g Made lin. first skill.. Woecarts. Mao 11w IOW ylwiteinwclock. . . 4,---="-- :LW -..r-r_i--r-7-17--tirfs-_--I s t:hntunif 9.."3MIMI 2- ..-

(Permission to this was granted by the RICH HERI- TAGE COmpany, 12 .Edgepark Road, No. White Plains, 10603.) Little Sally Walker__

Nan Ile n man wile children% pip was Tito yawl Flay and ihei.rwits nne Mae o1 1M al nil they NI soda WO wound and lay all can. IraAnd ins one w Me hop is snap dna In 'dm. Iney gonna Ore Ihh ont In On dui. hoar 1, And awn Poty hates Na. Sally Wise. Via yam N. otrynli eya...ne roma me oat of la en*. And I d a lloy say -Fly iota eau and 11, in the 1.11.11, In./ ow you In. 1w hew' the imam ly and can one ds gnat weird IM and ash lie by the Itwas the Nal Mani. was and :Anne or twat, ,afielln hand. can an has Iota ring and he sonata Masa Minn)* KM, latinen. tae. in ihe shalt and Sally Ida 9111 011.. Now Mal Qui obey pane sing aide 11.1, all f W. NV _...., i i . IJ i ...... If Llt-tie Walk-er In a au -cer weep-Ing and a-moan -lag "-- Jr t'a--2-.1 ii

like tur-Ue dove. R14, OH", rile Wipe your weep -Ing eyes DV a

Fly to the east -Fly Ili the Weal, Fly to Won' that you love the beat.

Little Jimmy Walker shag to a saucer, Wettz and a-mantas liketurtle Rise Jimmy rise, wipe your weeping eyes Turn to the east, turn to the west Turn to the one that you love beat (Used by. permission of Folkwayi Music Publishers, (Permission to this was granted by the RICH. HERI- Inc., New York, N:Y.New words and new music TAGE Company; 12 Edgepark Road, No. White Plains, adaptation by Huddie Ledbetter TRO copyright 1962. 106030 and 1965.) MI

52 C - Irene Molts sat Moue by 11.411t tedletta eat ktia.l.orraa And rhea I onus back snob., t tape you'll Sera to no ...Wet ludlo.1.1.0. ha. dos .... Sue dooeisin. Ballad Fot.BillMoore Chants tint: "You've Got To Walk That IrneSnme Valley" .07 words: Dol Went On April 24, ISM,' a Daltimore post- Members MSNCE and CORE who later man,CORE memberWilllam L. Moore,dc.Ided to carry through his pilgrim- was shot from behind on U. S.. Highway I- renegoodnight I - age to Jackson were pelted with rocks rene good night Good II near'Gadsden, Alabama.Moore, a 7 C antAcggs by molisf hoodlums and then D7 native Mississippian, was journeyingarrested et the Alabama state line by to present his personal plea for civilpolicemen *int:electric prod poles to rights to Governor ROM Darnell. force the demonstrators into patrol night, 1- rene, Good nigU: cars, Irene, I'llkiss you Inmy . D7

4t dream(); Oh,' 11111 Moore walked 7 thatlone - sonic Some -times I.live In the coun.la Some-times 1 D7

in town.-- Sorm-times I have agreat.no- lion to high le D7 wa. He dared watt thbreby him'- G G . . G7 c " 'a

-"=. _ .. 0, I i 1 , jump . 1n-to the rl ver 64 drown. self, None of us here were walk - Mg G 117' .c .. (Used by permission.of Ludlow Music, Inc., NewYork, t.tO____..__...... :F__i,__,___(71::..M. N.Y. 'Words and music by Huddic Ledbetterand John; ----- 3----1 ----..-m-3 A. Lomax TRO copyright 1936 (renewed 1964 with him, He walked that highwa by him - self. and - VERSE 1950.)

Yes, he walked to A - Is-ba - ma, This Little Light Of Mine D7 etItablImat aver tom n.r ran, M tee C.Itaa sal tr.nan "Annals to hi:Jima. If It it main.Some cf the songs are to be shouted: on the page, it is the same ey a errOthers are to be sung quietly, lived Ile walked that road .. foryau and me, automobile that is bought, plates Uowith sold allowed to grew within you and garage and kept there. with too. -A song Is lobe Sung. ' G7 A bong is to be sung. One's mu._ Julius Lester Highlander song book nay abilities may be Haulm, IA,1 thee, are no limitations to csa's musical note Is a gunk. Wt e More '1 believe that throughout our south- ' In 'his life there was the does not make a song. land, and in. other Sections of the na- pur-posc. . "A song is to be saw Onet must-lion,too, we have been cal abilities may he gird for (Meet.- singing a ship schools, mass nags;etr. Septima Clark - Echo its My Soul CHORUS or 1/1,0311 That black 'owl .),a sea Very pit dant white might Mtn he free. a

w--w --t' Ballad For Bill Moore This- a lit- at tight ofmine. I'm plena let it shine, . (continued) c7 c He walked for peace, he walked for freedom,

(oh) ThislitIM lightof mine, He walked for truth, he walked for light End segregation in this country --7 Eat at Joe's both black and white. Each man must walk his 14:5106inehighwky I'm gon-na let _itshine, -- (oh) This lit -tie light of mine.- to Each must .decide it for himself, No one else can do that foryou, You've got to walk thereby yourself! rm gone na lettt shine, Let it shine,- 'Some day we'll all,walk theretogether G C And we'll knock on.Frecdom's door And if they ask,.who was it sentyou, let It shine,..: letU. shine. We'll say a man named. William Moore. (From the Oak Publication: WE SHALLOVER- He walked for- peace, he walked for freedom COME. (a). 1963. Oak Publicationi. Traditional Words He walked for truth, he walked t.Or right,- words by` Bob -GitiSon and members ofSNCC.Used End segregation in this country by ' permissiOnN..) - Eat at Joe's, both black and white.

57 -5,

53 (From the Oak 'Publication: WE SHALL OVER- Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing COME. (c) 1963. Oal; Publications.Adaptation of Wens by. Mink by JAMCS WELUON JOIINSON :I ROSAMOND JOHNSON by DotrWest.Used by permission.) Moderato e amebic's°

;4.1k.= CM rer7. 010 sad Stooy aid se Keep Your Eyei on the Prize. Ood of sa so. gY Adquiten of iradisonatoplchy Alle.Wile 114ukmhell of SNCC, This Is a song that bas been through The song had meanin; for the sit-in every chapter of the mOvement. Thentudents who were cuefirstto be words 'keep your eyes on the prize"'bound in Jail' for long perlodsof time. (replacing the more common 'keepIt went with the Freedom Riders to your KW on the Flow") came from;ackson and into Pvclunan, and then Alice W`se,one. 41 the first prouden to Albany and all of the many other products of voter .tSiocation schools areas of struggle. onJohnsisland, SouthCarollna in 1958. Slow Am FILL sash TiV nett sad boa vis rtes, Hiss sate the hat 40 Ind. 11,1.1,1the nut: slog rod,VoltIs. the Jass hope us 4 bars, On ofear el lest .Tbes she bastbroesht s thus be Paul and SI -las, bound In Jail had.., no

mon - ey for to go, their. bah Keep your

Am CHO Como.. 1800 ID, /83 W. two Co. 57 Am G (goo.. 133 Iv Cawood* W.89 0.44 1 5. Cwww. env** 1033 fte 1Wwwd 8 83.89 o0.04

on hold on,ho)d.On. !told eyes the prize, .519.4 Em "s1 on, Hold your on, -- Keep Lib , Of IN .Letourre- Jose ins t High asthe bon bad died: Jet54th a Mead p Hat sotVII E7 Am G_ es the .say, 'rhos she hoot by Thy i Led us h.

. eyes on the prize, Hold _ on, hold on.

Paul and Silas begin to shout, the Jail But the one thing we did right, was the . door opened and they walked on day we started to fit ht. out, Keep your ayes on the prize, hold on. We're gonna board that big Greyhound, I. carryin' love from town to town. Freedom's name is mighty sweet, soon one day we're gonna meet. We're gonna ride for evil rights, were gonna ride likth black and Int- 'sins One, I 0 re need ladso the roll In Got my hand on the Gospel plow, I white. soar y_ footapse to theplate for which est . fa then nine& wouldn't take nothing fur my 0 the. light, Keep so let ev . or Is the path..se' pay. Journey now. We've met Jail andviorence too, but God's love has see,' us through. The only chain that a man can stand, Is that chain of hand in hand. I Haven't been to heave.' but I've been The only thing we did wrong, stayed told, streets up there are paved In the wildernen. a day Inn Ina° ,111. snlo4

(From the Oak Publication: WE SHALL OVER- , Sing a engfell.r thefaith that the dark posthas taspht so COME. (c) 1963. Oak Publications.Adaptation' of we hate tees or - say that minivan hasbees so lend traditional sbng by Alice Wine and ,members of SNCC. Len see "feet dray Den thepiatat, err teed, *here wemot Theo, Used by permission.) *Ft WI

=11111=11=1 54

e motto erne alblicoAdo

Slug song Ml ofthe bore that the pres.mttbas b %vont*. hateave come. tread -ag ourpath tbro the blood of Lest eur the Omagh - Varts, &nasals the nine of It it nostd.e for 'get Mgt? ,q, anal e mk wma

r- oll. fatlog the ris log suo ofour ow day be %mg Oot from the gloom . y pest. . Till hop ue stead ..pt Thee, Shadolsed be. death Thy hood. May yefor ev.

fit Jr " tremolo ) =nrws- "t.5":1 z - v V 1.11 *

ktra: tt'S t P - =1 4 o gig, Let us worth so 1.11 vieto is Wog last Wherethe while gleam of our bright star. is east. stood. Trot to out Iled, True to our oa live laud.,

" BLACK DIAMOND " Geraldine McCullough 0055. pve (Al Glut/ d b, 1%itito No.leCr /pour ton. VI,OJ 6. pentIon / (Reprint from the book PRINTS BY ..THEAMERI- CAN NEGRO ARTISTS, with permission ofthe publisher: CUltural .Exchangc Center, Los Angeles,Cali- fornia.) ,

59. ARTS AND CRAFTS

BULLETIN BOARD IDEAS SUITABLE Afro-American artists' nameswhich should be known GRADE LEVELS K-2 to the pupils include:. Henry Oswald Tanner (19th-century- genius) Arts and Crafts in Relation to Modern American , John James Audubon (birdlife) Fabric Designs Charles White (black and white prints) In kindergarten, first, and second grade, p;Awi:: learn Inge Hirdison (sculptor) readily and easily through esthetic expression.Unin- George Washington Carver (oil paintings) -hibited 'young children internalize images, ideas, and Margaret T. Burroughs (woodcuts) concepts which are everlasting through life.Hence, Geraldine McCullough (metal 'sculpture) this particular project has proven excellent with Roy DeCaravd (photographic artistry) boys and girls alike. E. Simms .Campbell -7 (cartoons) One week prior to United Nations Week is suggested AugustaSavage (sculpture) as the, time for intioducinglhe activity.The projytt, Romare 'Bearden (illustrations) including the culminating activity of creating a .bulletin Aaron Douglas (murals, illustrdtions) board, lasts approximately 2 weeks. James Porter (oil paintings) - Materials needed: Artists are often persons of many talents.For ex- Scraps of geometric patterns. ( readiW available at ample, George Washington Carver was a great painter, present; African prints are in vOg c( throughout the and'Margaret Taylor Burroughs is an author of note as U.S.A.) well as an artist. 9 X 12 construction pa The use of trash. materials was pioneered by a lady named Charles Rosenburg Foster, known as The Trash Crayons . Craft Queen.She began working with trash materials Pictures of African)ies dressed in various coun- "while teaching in a Chicago high school. 'During the de- tries' national drels, or dolls so dressed pression days, she took whatever leftover materials were on hand and created pictures from them.She began Thechildren'sxamples of work done with African teaching her, pupils the art.Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt was designs shouldc replaced with various African designs one of the' admirers of Charles Foster's work. and instruct] ns on how to employ them. Pupils may work with trash materials brought from . Moder 'art was inspired by African art,Picasso home or discarded within the claisroom. and ofrs borroVied the ideas of the West African Several activities lend themselves to including Afri- artistand"brought to 'Europe and America a new form can culture and Afro-American history within the regu- oxprcssfon Cubism.Basic geometric forms, start- .. lar teaching time.Here' are some basic ideas upon mg combinations of colors, and vivid shades of every which .the teacher may build more and extended activ- color have cultural value for the African people.Dur- ities: (4. ing the mid- 1960's, American dress designs for women

were dominated by the African influence. . Make John Henry's hammer. Use cardboard or oak-

Pupils may create designs through painting or crayon; . tag. ing, using the basic geometric patterns which include Creatc African dolls; dress them like models pro- the triangle, the. circle, the square, and the rectangle. vided through pictures. The herringbone is another basic African design. Draw Africampatterns through use of basic geometric in metropolitan areas across the country there are shapes the circle, 'rectangle, square, triang,le.6 museums to be visited which include the works of Afri- Paint African patterns'at the. easel.As in drawing, can and Afro-American_artists.Pupils may visit them the design is repated over and over;,thus the fin- while on vacation around the country, and during the. ° fished product resembles African art. schciol year 'under the guidance of the teacher. Paint or draw scenes from films or filmstrips seen.

55 56

Paint or draw or make out of . clay, scenes, person- The use of basic geometric alities, or designs. patterns is continental from the ancient Egyptian .to Plan for an Africa Day class the Zulu to the. Ghana party, make herringbone of today.Huge art monuments are being found borders oyt of red, yellow, and . cur- green for the class- rently by archeologists who seekto find their meaning.. room, African flags for U.N. members, andattempt Prior to the intrusion by the to European, the African . create 'out of clay some African sculpturing. religions included forces 'Draw or make' out of ,nollage or 'spirits left 'by God (when materials scenes from--He departed from the earth)within objects; hence; the current civil rights struggle, cfrawingfrom tele- much 011 had a great spiritual vision or newspapers. Modern art was influenced by the.ark of West Africa. Crcatc through art the kind of Americathey would Pupils may collect pictuics of African 'like .to make. art from 'maga- zines and newspapers and placethem in a scrapbook Art in. Africa is everywhere.Art is interwoven in as an activity. .This is an interesting. on-going)oroject every .phase of life activity and preparation fordeath. 'which helps the The Nok culture of 100 B.C. (Nigerian pupil to understand how cultural region) created aspects are transferred br borrowed fromone area of, beautiful sculpturing interra cotta.The people of the the world to another. Congo embroidered in It encourages appreciation Tor - raffia.The Hansa people of art forms. ,- Nigeria created extravagant geometricembroideries. .. With the aid of the Hi, Neighborbooks the pupils- The Yoruba and Dahomey civilizationscreated beauti- can be introduced to severa'i African ful Wall sculptures. patterns. rcpre- . Everyday articles of household . renting eight countries. . use .were greatly enThellished with detaili ofbeauty. .Note: Teacher shouldtring.in African The City of He and the Kingdom cloth or items, of Bcnin left. cast .bf art so the Childrencan sec: how the basic geometric bronze artifacts of worldrenown. shapes are used.

isiMlissms6.11 224=10.IMMIIIIIliallfteM=IMERNIKAVIWIRVIM r.3

*43 a.

Scvcral excellent body percussion exercises are found either classrooms or outdoor physical activities of Afri- in the book Musical Instruments of Africa (listed in the can origin. in the bibliography) which provide the teacher with *******

57 58

Games from Africa can be found in the bOok. Chil- !cadet'. of 'one side is " dead,", hisopponent becomes dren's Games From Many Lands (listed in the bibliog- leader. The game continues untilall but one are raphy). " dead."This. game, is' played in various forms in , Here are two excellent games: many parts of Africa. Booko, or Onide Comes S Active Games: from Nigeria . 5-20 players, boys and girls, 6-10 The Hen and the Leopard (from the Cameroon) years, indoors Antelope in the Net (from the Congo) or out of. doors It (Congo, Ghana) \ The Hawk IGhana, Togo) The leader. holds a small stone in his hand.Another child runs and hides, and the' remaining children sit Jumping Game '(Liberia) Onide Conks (Nigeria) on- the ground and hold out both their hands. As the leader goes by them, he touches each hand with the Hopscotch (West Africa and America). stone.Secretly he places it inone hatid.Moanwhile all the children sing: The, above may be found in Children's GeniesFrom Many Leeds by Nina Millen, Friendihip Press,New Onide comes, York, 1965..

Saworo, Onide comes, . All right!Onide Song- Plays: Come and inspect us. Little SallyWalker When they come to the end of thesong, ''the child, Bon Ton who is hiding comes out and triesto find which player Peter Rabbit has the stone.He has three guesses.If -he is success- Li'l 'Liza Jane ful in finding the stone, he takes his' place withthe Willowbee group and the child who had the stone goes and hides. Shake 'Hands, Mary Then thc.gameproceeds,as before.If the player is That's A Mighty PrT Motion not successful in three guesses, the group takes hold of him and ridicules him..If the player is a boy, then The above are to be foiod in Play Songs of the Deep they put him on the ground.This child does not get, South by Altona-Tient-Jahn, Associated, Publishers, angry, but laughs with the others.The Yoruba chil- Washington, D.C., 1944. dren are not easily offended, and they enter heartily Additional popular song-plays into the fun, even if the joke is on'themselves. are: Skip to My Lou Shoo-Fly Handclapping Game zr- 10-30 players,. 8-14 years, indoors or out-of-doors Dances of African siginarc the following: k (Similar to Simon Says) Samba Juba The players form two parallel' lines, facing each Bossa Nova Malaittena other.The first player in one of the lines becomes the Tango Cha-Cha leader.The leader and the player opposite him hold " Morris " Calypso Rhumba their arms up in the. air.The leader quickly brings his Black Bottom Ring Dance down, clapping his hands togethert and throwsout Cakewalk one hand, left or right as he wishes.The one op- Charleston Buzzard Lope posite must follow his movements simultaneously and Calenda throw out his hand to match the first.If he throw's ********.. out the left and the leader the right, or viceversa, he is " wounded " and. drops to the end of the line, the Pupils will enjoy learning the body percussionexer- player next 'to him takingplace.If he throws out cise introduced by Michael Olatunji,It is an African - the proper hand, then the leader is " ounded." Any- form of musk which makes use of the bodyas the one ." wounded " three -times is " deed."When the instrument.

63 59 t.. Sit on a ehair:. \ Slap both 'knees simultaneously good book!about Afro - American athletes, excellent (count 1), clap hands (count stamp both feet while magazine articles from time to time about outstanding making percussive ,sounds with 'your mouth (count African athletes, particularly during the time of the count 4).When yoli n do this capably, double the Olympic games.Reading and discussing. these persons speed and theactions slap knees twice-MT fast and their lives is inspirational for all pupils and can (Count 1 and); clap hands twice (count 2 and), etc. be correlated with the physical .activities program. Devise., new combinations in this sitting position. The success stories of the Afro-American in cur- Stamp your feet, changing the rhythm from time to rent spipis are fairly well known..What is not well time.Add clapping in a different rhythm. Then add known and is needed to be known is the fact that the 'tongue clacking,iLater,, imitate. drums: rattles, and Afro-American has been denied the opportunity to other instrtiments, with mouth sounds. compete in sports; to join athletie clubs, to belong to Games fi-Om AfriCa can be found in the Hi, Neighbor- sporting clubs.Hence, the lack of his renown in areas series and in Children's Games-From.'Many Lands. other than basketball, track, baseball, and football arc ******** due to systematic and purposeful discrimination. Pupils in the 'middle grades are often intensely inter- Pupils should have the opportunity to comprehend est\ed in learning about professional players in various what this deiiial of opportunity means to the Afro- fields of athleticaccomplishment.Thtre are some American youth.

.64 Bibliography AppendixA:

Lerone Bennett, senior editor, Ebony Magazine (Reprinted with the permissionof the author.)

SUGGESTEDLIST OF BOOKS Author " Title Level Aardema, Type.. Talcs From the Story Hat&3-6Folklore.:. Verna More Tales From the Story Hat. African NewYork,Coward-McCann, Inc., 1966 Achebe, Chike and the River. New York,K-4 Storybook- Chinua .Cambridge University Press, Afilican 1966 Adams, Great Negroes, 'Past &Present.6-8 .Russell Biography-African Chicago,Ill., ;Afro-Am.Publ., & American 1963 Allen, Nts The Negro in NeW York.New6-8 Jamei E. Biographical York; Exposition Press, 1964 V ignettes- American Anderson, My Lord, Whata Morning. Niw Marian upper Autobiography York, The Viking Press,1956'6-9 American Ananse, The Spider: NewYork,5-8Folklore- Peggy Pantheon Books, 1966 ' African 60 5

- 61 O

Author - Title Level Type Bailey School DearDr.King,New York,5-6Tribute to a.0 Children Buckinehani Ent., 1968 martyred, American. -Bor°,;(emps, Amerf4-71:1' NegroPoetry.New 3- Poetry- /' Aeria York, Hill & Wang, 1963 adult American

GoldenSlippers.NewYork. 3-8Ppetry- Harper & Row. 1941 Ameriean The Story of the Negro. New 6-8History- York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1948 African &.

American.

Boriar K.. Phillis Wheatley. New York, The 4-513iografyiry-' S4.either, Bobbs Merrill Co., 1968 American Brooks, Itrotacville Boys ano Girls. New K16 Gwendolyn York, Harper Brothers & Row, American '1956

Burroughs, Whip Me, Whop Mc Pudding. K-4 Folk &Vit.-Ica- , Margaret T. Chiago, Museum of Afri- Americaii can-Arndt-icon t-listery, 190 Cain, Negro Heritage Reader for .K-4 African & Alfred IVA.) Young People. Yonkers, Educa- American tional Heritage, 1965

Carawan, G. C.Ain't You Got A Right- to the; 1_6-9Ctvil dells slant wiih & Yellin, R. Tree of Life? New York,Simon- - culture-of rural & Schuster, 1966 -sotith-Americhn

Chambers, Negro Pioneers. New York, C. & 3-513 iography- Lucille S. Ventures, 1.9,65 American

Chu, Daniel & A Glorious Age in Africa. Gar- 4-7Historical- Skinner, E. den City, Zenith Series, Double-. Mikan day & Co., 1965

Conrlander,. H. The, Cow-Tail Switch & Other -.3-5 & .Herzog, G.%Veit African Stories. New York,- Afri.an Henry Holt & Co.., .1947

Culver, Grent American , Negroes 7--in-73.26.--Poetry- Eloise C. Veme, Walhington, Asto- knerican Cialed PUblishers, 1966 (Intercacian,

-David, R..& Ash=Land la the Sun: BostOn; Mass, 3-5Presentation abranner, B. Co;, A965 of 'West Africa

Davidson, A GuidetoAfricanilintory.5-7Historical- Basil -Garden City, Zenith 'Series, 'Dou- African. bleday 11: Co., 1965

66 . nommaimitivifiminmaimmantiosoll=MaglIMMinmirimailmiela* % Autoor , Title Leval Type Dcrricotte; Word Pictures of ,Great Negroei3-6Textbook- Turner & Roy4. Washington, . Associated American Pub., 1964 'Dobler, L., Se Grdat.Rulers of the African Past.,46Biography. ,Brown, W. 'Gorden City ; .Zenith Series, Dou- African' bleday,& Co., 1965

84' Pioneers& Patriots. Garden City,4-6Biography- Toppin,' E. A. Zenith Series, Doubleday & Co., American

'Durham, P.&0 The Negro CowboysNew YOrk,upper History- Jades, E. Dodd, Mead & Co., 065. 6:-9 American Epstein, S. & B. Harriet :,Tubman:' ',Champaign,.3-4 :Biography- Ill.,, Garrard.. 1968 American Epstein, .GeOrgeWashington. VarVel....Upper Biography; Sam Champaign, Ill., Garrard, 1960 3 -5. AniePican Fax,. African ; Vignettes. New 3-8Culture, Elton .C:: York, 'America'n Society of Afri- A frican ,can Culture,' 1963 Finlayson, J.Decathlon Men. Champaign, III.,4-6 Sports- 'American 'Ann -- . . Garrard, 1966 . interracial

Fleming, B. & Distinguished . Negroes Abroad.' 5-8 Textbooks-Africans _ Pryde, M. Washington;D:C.,Associated around the world Pub., 1946' . . Foner, Frederick .Douglass,....,. Selections6L9Civil 'rights ,cssays-. Philip S.., From YV.ritings:: New York, American International'PublishersCoin - ' patty, 1945.

.Color Mc Brown. Chicago, Ill.. K-2Biography-. Lucille° Johnson Pub. Co., 1967 American Graham, S. & Dr. G. Washington Carver. Twiupper Biography -, Lipscomb, G. D. York, WashingtonSquare Press,5-.7 American 1967 p Gregory, What's Happening? New 'York,5-- rights- Dick E. P. Dutton, 1965 adult .humor A Hambly, Clever Hands of the African5-9Arts & crafts- W. D. Negro. Washington, D.C., Asso- African ciated Publisheri, 1945 : Hambly, Talking Animals.Washington,,4-7Folklore- Wilfred D.C., Associated Pub., 1949 ' r'African

, . Hatikerry; The Movement, New York, _Si-upperCivil %his- .Lorraine mon & Schuster, 1964 5, American odUIt a. 63

Meteor lik Level Type ilarris, M. A. The Negro. 1VstoryDetective.5-9 .Historical . 0 (Uncle Spike) New York, Greenwood Press, documents, facts-- 1968 AmeriCan Negro History Tour rif N.Y. New 5- Historical -York. Greenwood Press. 1968 adult ditectory-. A merican

1 li..k4kett.., Grains of Pepper. (Liberia) New 3AFolk-tales- , fidythr York, 'IlieJohn' Day Co., .1967 African

1 lentlerson, The Negro int Sports. Washington,6- All sports- !Edwin.. Associated Pub., 1949 adult America

Holt.. George Washington' Caner. .New . Biography- Raekhani York, Doubleday & CO., 1963 American

ItOgitei;1..*; A PictorialHistory,of the Negro5-8History- Meluer. M- in America, .New York...60W11. African 8. 1956-'- American

Hughes. Dream Keeper. New York; Al- Poetry-both Langston fred A. Knopf, 1953 , ' continents., , Fartilius Adkrican Nevoes, New Biography York, Dodd, Meat Co., 1954 ..1. C Frirtious Negro lieretlii: of Amer-5-8Biography- tea. New- York, Dodd, Mead At American Co,. 1965,- FantouS Negro Music tytakers:6-9 -Biography- Ncw York, Dodd. Mead ,,54,Co'.. American 1964 ,...... , The Fiest-:Book. of Africa...N.w 3 -6History- ( Yorkr-Franklin:Wati4,, 1964 .African . fri.41:-. BtiokOV;ar.z.-.'New York,.. 3-5History-both .- Dodd, Mead tC0., 1954. continents. First11O6k of Rhythms.. New5-6'Musie-African, York..Franklin Watts, 1954 American

Johnson, Piankhy, The 'Great. New York,6-8Biography - Nelson & Soos, 1962 African King ,Jr Strengthto ,Love;14ew, York, upperEssays-civil ri Martin flarpte ic Row, 1963 6- . American adult ,!; ;Stride Toward Freedom. New 6- History-American,

VOA, Harper & Row, 1958 adult . civil rights Why. We Can't Wait. New York.6- Civil rights- Ilarpet & Row. 1964 adult American

Ilreurrimmiliellimallik0111111111111111111111 64 .

Author Title Level Type Kredel, Aesop's Fables. New York, Gros-3-6 Moral stories- Fritz set .&!Dunlap, 1947 African Lerner, 'Red Man, White Man, African1-2Science-skin Marguerite Chief MinneapoliS, Minn., Ler- coloring ner Pub., '1960 Leslau, African Proverbs. Mt. Vernon,5-- ..Proverbs- C. & 'W. Peter Pauper, 1962 adult African .° . Lobsenz, The First Book of Ghana. New3-6History- Norman York, Franklin Watis, 1960 African McCarthy, AgnesWorthFightingFor.Garden4-.7Civil rights fight- ,& Reddick, L.City, Zenith Series, Doubleday &... up to Reconstruc- Co. 1965 tion Mcdray, A Proud -Heritage. New York,6- History- Victoria Comthercial Ad:, 1962 adult African, American Meade, M. & Samory Tour& Brooklyn,Nom-upper Biography- Snellings, R. mo Associates, 1963 5-9 African M iers, The Story of the 'Anierican Ne-4-5History- Earl S. gro. New York, Wonder Books, American A965 Millender, CrispusAttucks.NewYork,4-6Biography- Dharathula Bobbs Merrill Co., 1965 American Montgomery, William C. Handy,' Fatherof the3-6Biography- Blues. Champaign, Ill., Garrard American Pub., 1968 , Newsome, Gladiola Gardens. Washington,K-6 POetry:' Effie L. D.C., Associated Pub:, 1940 American Olatunji, M. it Musical Instruments. of Africa..3- Diet; B.. Music, dance- New York, John Day Co., 1965 up African Patterson, Booker T. WashingtOn. 'Cham-upper Lillie Biography- Paign, 711., Garrard 'Pub., 1962, 2-4,American Frederick Douglass: Champaign,3-4.Biography- Ill.,. Garrard, 1962. ' Prempeh,A. & American. The Hat-Shaking Dance.New3-6Folklore - Cour lander, H. York, Harcourt; 'Brace' &World, African 19.57 Preston, The Scholar & TheScalpel. (Dr..6-9 # Donald Biography- Ulysses Grant Dailey), Chicago, American Ill., Afro-Am. Pub., 1966 i . Robinson, The First Book of AncidntEgypt.4-6 Charles A. History- New York, Franklin Watts,1961 African Rogers, Facts About The Negro. J. A. 41 & 2,5- 1 vignettes- New. York, Rogers, 19,61. adult, world

.o 9

. . Author Title Level Type One ' Hundred Amazing Facts6 History- About The. Negro. New....York,adult, the world Rogers, 1957

Rollins, 'Christmas.Gif', .Chicago,Ill.,K-4Poetry-

Charlemae Follett Pub., 19(13 . American Famous American Negro Poets: 4 Biography New York, Dodd, Mead & Cc.,up 1965

They Showed theWay. New5-8' Biography-, , York, Crowell, 1964 American

Roy, Jesse H. & Pioneers of Long Ago. Washing-upper Textbook- . Turner, G. ton, D.C., Associated Pub., 19512-4 American hisiory

Saikiler. The African dlook Book. NewK7.6Recipes= Bea York, Harvest House, 1964 African Shackelford, The Child's Story of the Negro, 5 Textbook-both Jane Waillington,D.C.,Associated continents Pub., 1944

Shapiro, JackieRobinson. New York,6-8Biography- Milton WithingtiniSquire Press, 1957 American Shapp, Martha &Let's- Find Out About The U.N.K -2 Current. events; ,Charles 'New York, Franklin Watts, 1962 U.N.

'Sterling, D. & Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing. Gar-5-8BiographY- !Quarles, B den City, Zenith Series, Double- Americin day & Co.

Sterling, Captain of the Planter. _(Story of5-8.Biography- Dorothy s Robert Smalls) NeW York, Dou- American bleday & Co., 1958 C. Sutherland, Playtime-in Africa. (Ghana) New3-4 Culture- Efua York, Athenetn, 1962 African The Roadmakers. (Ghana) Lon-K-6 Photos on don, England, Newman Neame -culture- Ltd.,. Information, 1961 African

Thomas, The Whole World Singing.r NewK-6 Music, song, Edith L. York, Friendship Press,71950 the world

Treacy, . Stories of Great Saints for Chil-4-6History- Rev. Gerald C.dren. New York,. Paulist Press, African 1948

Trent-Johns, Play Songs of the Deep. South.IC:-3Song-plays, Altona Wnshington, D.C:, Associated 67 American Pub., 1944

70 N a

Author Title level Type U.S. Committee Hi, Neighbor. (seriesof 8 books) K-6Culture-around for New York, Hastings House, n.d. the world U.N.I.C.E.F. .

. Watson, 'Nigeria.. Champaign,Ill.,Gar-3-5Culture- J. W. . rard Pub., 1967 African .Ethiopia. Champaign, Ill.,- Gar-3-6Culture, history- raidPu6:, 1966 African Weatherwax, Ancient Africa. Parts1 & 2. Los5 History- John M. Angeles; Calif., Aquarian Spiritualadult African Center, 1962 The African Contribution. Parts 5 History- Los Aquar- adult cultural African ian Spiritual Center Bookshop, 1964 White, Aesop'sfables. New York, Ran-K-3 Fables- Anne T. dom House, 1964 African Whiting, Negiv Art, _Music andRhyme.K -2. Art, African Helen A. Washington,D.C.,Associated & American Pubr,-1938 NegioFolk -Tales. Washington,K-2 Folklore, African ,D.C.,-Associated Pub., 1938 & AMerican Williams, Africa, Her History Lands and57 Geography, history, John A. People. NeW York,Cooperadult culture-African Square; 1962 -Woodson, African Her'oesand Wroines. 7-9Textbook- Carter G. Washington, - D.C.,Associated African Pub., 1944 Negrii Makers, of History.Wash-5-7Textbook- ington, D.C., Associated Pub., African, c. -1954 American African -Myths. Washington,4-5Folklore- D.C., Associated Pub., 1928 African

Mr.

Yates, 'Amos Fortune, Free Man. New. 6-9Biography - Elizabeth York, Dutton, 1950 American

: c.

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR TEACHERS

(The hooks listed below and those which were used Buckler, Doctor Dan, Pioneer in American Sur- as references for writing the manuscript.They are Helen gery.Boston, Mass., Little, Brown & Co., equally suitable for teacher usage in reading more 1954

deeply and profoundly.) - Buckmaster, Let MY People Go.Boston, Mass., Bea- Aptheker, The Negro People in. the United States. Henrietta con Press, 194.1 Herbert New York, The Citadel Press, 1962 Butcher, .The Negro in American Culture.. NeW Margaret'York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1957 Arkell, A. J. A History of the Sudan.London, Eng-. 4) land, University of London, The Athlone Just Press, 1961. Caldwell, The Education of the Negro Child. New Bacon, Vanished Civilizations oftheAncient Dista H. York, Carlton -Press, 1'961 Edward World:New, York, McGraw-Hill, 1963 (ed.) Campanella,It's Good To Be Alive. -Boston, Mass., Roy Little, Brown &.Co., 1959 Baldwin, The Fire Next Time. New York, Dial James Press, 1.963 Carleton, The Suppressed Book About Slavery. New George W. York, Arno Prl.ss, Inc., 1968 Nobody Knows My Name.New York, (ed.) Dell Publishing Co., 1961 Notes of a Native Son.Boston, Mass., Carmichael, Black Power: The Politics of Liberation The Beacon Press, 1955 Stokely and in America. New York, Random House, Hamilton,1967 Bates, Daisy The Long Shadow of Little Rock. New Charles

4 York, David Mi;;Kay Co., 1962 . 'Chicago The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Battuta, Ibn Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354. Commis- Relations and a Race Riot. New York, London, England, Routledge and Kegah sion on Arno Press, 1968 -,Paul; 1929 Race Re- lations Beier, Ulli Ail' in Nigeria, 1960. Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge University Press, 1960 Child, The Freedmen's Book. New York, Arho L. MariaPreis, 1968 Bennett, Before the Mayflower. Chicago,Ill., Lcrone, Jr. Johnson Publishing .Company, 1962 Cliurchuard, Origin and Evolution of the Hurhan Race. Confrontation: Black and White.Balti- Albert London, England, G. Allen & Uniun, Ltd., more, Md., Penguin Books, Inc., 1965 1921 What, Manner of Man.Chicago, Ill., Clarke, Harlem, U.S.A. Berlin, Germany, Seven Johnson Publishing Co., 1968' J. H. (ed.)Seas Pub:; 1964 Bontemps, Any Place But Here. New York, Hill COnrad, The Invention of the Negro.. New York, Arna, andand Wang, Inc., 1966 Earl Paul Eriksson, Inc., 1966 Conroy; - ,

Jack Council ofMiSsissipki_Black Paper. New ..York,. ----FerleratedtmriiroTtilfaugO, 1965., . Breitinan, Malcolm X Spialcs..NewYork;kerit Orgahlza- Georgr--Publishers, 1965 tions

67 68 ti

Cron On, Ed- ..? Black Moses (The Story of Marcus Gary The Souls of Black Folk. Greenwich, ni Lind Davidvey).Madison, Wis., The U. of Wis. Conn., Fawcett Publishing Co. 1961 N. Press, 1964 The World and Africa.New York, In- Cultural Ex-Prints by American Negro Artists, Vol. 1. ternational Publishers, 1965 change Los Angeles, Calif., Cultural Exchange Edwards,. Equiano's Center Center. p. 67 Travels(Autobiographyof Paul (ed.) Gustavus Vassa, The African)New York, Daedalus, The Negro American.:Fall, 1965, Vol. Frederick A. Praeger, 1967 The Jour-. 94, No. 4, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard Ellison, The Invisible Man. NeW York, Random nal of the U., 1065 Ralph House; Inc., 1952 American Academy Fagg, NigerianImages(African-- Sculpture). of Arts and illiam New York, Frederick AA. Praeger, 1963 ) Sciences Fisher, Negro Slave 'Songs in the U.S.Ithaca, Miles M. Cornell U. Press, 1953 Daniel, W. &Ambrose Calvier, Adult Educator. Wash- Holden, J.ington, D.C., The Adult Education Assn., Fortune, Black and Land, Labor a nd Poli- T. T. . . 1966 tics in the South. New York, Arno Press, Inc., 1970 Davidson, The African Slave Trade. Boston, Mass., Basil Little, Brown & Co., 1961, Frazicr, E. The Negro in the United 'States.New Franklin York, Macmillan Co., 1949 DeCarava, The %goo Fly Paper of Life. Ncw York, Roy & Hill & Wang, 1955 ./ Black Bourgeoisie.New York, Collier Hughes, L. Book, 1962 &Graft- African. Glory.New _york, Walker. and The Free Negro Family. New York,Arno Johnson, Co., 1954 Press, Inc., 932 J. C. Gibson, I Always Wanted To BeSomebody.' New Althea Delafossd, The .Negroes of Africa. Port Washington, York, Harper & Row Publishers, 1958., Maurice Kennikat Press, 1968 ° Ginzberg, One Hundred Years of Lynching.. New

Ralph (ed.) York, Lancer, 1962 . Delany, The Condition, Elevation, Emigration and Martin R.Destiny of the Colored. People. of the Grant, BlackProtests. New York,Fawcett United States.Ntyv York, Arno Press, Joanne' World Library, 1968 Inc., 1968 Gregory, Nigger. New York, E. P. Dutton and Co., Diop, Africa, Seen by American Negro. Schol- Dick Inc., 1964 . Alioune ars. New York, The American Society The Shadow That Scares Me. of African Culture, 1963 Garden City, Doubleday & Co., p968 Division of Intergroup Relations, A Resource Hand- From the Back of the Bus.New York, Intercul- book for Elementary School Teachers, E. P. Dutton and Co., 1962 tural Rela-Albany, The University of the State of tions in New York, The State Education Depart- Griffin, John Black Like Me. Boston, Mass:,Hough- Education.ment, 1963 Howard ton Mifflin Co., 1961 Hansberry,Africana at Knsukka. Douglass, Lac and Times of FrederickDouglass: New York, The FrederickNev' York, Collier Books, 1962 William LeO Viking Press, 1964 Harris, Negro Hiito :Four of Manhhttan. New Dover, American Negro Art. Greenwich, Conn., M. A: York, Green vood Pres, 'N.Y., 1968 Cedric New York Graphic Sobiety, 1960 Hatch, J.D.The Negro Ar ist Comes Du Bois, of Age. Albany,. Black Reconstruction in America.New & Locke, Albany. Institu c of History & Art, 1945 W.E. B. York, The World Publishing Co., 1935 Alain

73 69

Herskovitz,The Myth of the Negro Past. New York, Locke, Alain The Negro and His Music.New York, 1MelVin J. Harper & Row, 1941 Kennikat Press, 1963 Holt, Mary McLeod Bethune.Garden City, (ed.)The New Negro: An Interpretation. New Rackam Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1964 York. Arno Press, Inc., 1968 J Hughes, Fight For Freedom (The Story bf the- Love, Nat_ The Life and Adventures of Nat Love, Langston N.A.A.C.P.). New York; Berkley Pub: Better Known in the Cattle Country as Corp:, 1962 " Deadwood Dick."New York, Arno The Best of Simple New York, Hill & Press. 1968 Wang, 1961 Lynch, The Facts of Reconstruction. New York, . Simple's Uncle Sam.New York. Hill & John, 'R. Arno Press, Inc.,. 1968 Wang, 1965 Malcolm XThe Autobiography 'of Malcolm X. Nim I Wonder as I Wander.New York, Rine .` York,.. Grove Press, Inc., 1964 hart & Co.. 1956 Mannix, BlackCargoes. (The AtlanticSlave Jacques-Gar-Philosophyle Opinions of Marcus Garvey. Daniel Trade). :New York, The 'Viking Press, vey, Amy New York, Arno Press, Inc., 1968 1962 . 'Johnson; Guide' for Teachers on COritributions of .McManus, A History of Negro Slavery in New York. Edwina C.Afro-Americans to the American Culture. Edgar .J. Syracuse,- Syracuse U. Press, 1966 Cambria Heights, Guide forTeachers, Mozley, First Book of Tales from Ancient Egypt, 1963 . Charles Ncw York, Franklin Watts,/ 1960 Johnson, The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored (ed.) James Man. Ncw York, Rill & Wang, 1960 Murray, Proud Shoes.. New York; Harper & Bros., Weldgn Pauli 1956 . The Books of Amcrican Negro Spirituals. Nell, The . Colored Patriots of the American New York, The Viking' Press, 1926 William Revolution. New York, Arno Press, Inc., Black Manhattan. New York; Arno Press, 1968 Inc., 1968 Ottley, RoiNew World A-COming. New York, Arno Jones, LeRoi Blues People (Negro Music in White Press, Inc., 1968 America) New York, William Morrow Paige, Maybe I'llPitch Forever. & Co.; 1963 New York,; LeRoy Grove Press, Inc., 1961 Home(Social Essays)-. New York, Wit- - (Satchel ) liam Morrow & Co., 1966 Pain, Tc; Do Justice., New York, Black Star Kerner, Report of the National Advisory Com- William Pub. Co., Distr. by Pyramid Pub., 1965 Otto mission. on Civil Disorders. New York,. Pease, Wil-Black- Utopia, E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1968 Madison, .Wis., Thee State liam H: & Historical Society, 1963 Leakey, The Progress and Evolution of Man in. .Jane L. S, B. Ncw York, Oxford U. Press, 1961 ,N Ploski, HarryThe Negro Almanac. New York, Bell, Lincoln, Sdunds ofthe- Struggle. New York, &Brown, wcther Pub. Co., Inc., 1967 C. Eric Friendship Press, 1968 Roscoe The Black Muslims in America.Boston, Quarles, The Negro in the Making of America. Mass., Beacon' Press,. 1961 Benjamin New York, Macmillan Co., Inc., 1964 My Face Is Black.Boston, Mass., Bea- Lincoln .and .the Negro. New York, Ox- con Press; 1'964 ford U. Press, 1962 70

'Ramos, .The Negro in Brazil.Washington, D.C., Webb, The Afro-American and United State; Arthur Associated Pub., 1939 In- Margot S. dustry. Cambria Heights, Guidefor Redding, The Lonesome Road. New York, Double-: Teachers, 1968 Saunders day & Co., 1958 Weld, American Slavery ,M It Is:Teninuiny Robeson, African Journey.New York, John Day Theodoreof a Thousand Witim$ses.New Y(;4! Eslenda G.Co., 1945 Dwight Arno Press, Inc.; 1968 Welts; Robeson, Here I Stand.London, England, Dobton David Walker's Appeal. New York,Hill Paul Books, 1958 Charles and Wang; 1965 (ed.) Robinson, Dark Companion.(Matthew Henson) Wesley, Bradley The Changing African Historical Tradi- Greenwich, Conn., Fawcett Pub.,Inc., Charles tion. 1947 Washington, D.C., Associated Pub- f lishers, (reprints) Rogers, Africa's Gift,to Afficrica. New York, J. The Negro in the Carribbean. Joel A. 4. Rogers, 1961 Washing- Eric ton, 11C., The ekssociation of NegroFolk Education, 1942 , Nature. Knows -.NoColcir-Line. New York, J. A. Rogers, 1952 Capitolism and Slavery. New York, Rus- sell & Russell, 1944 From Superman. to Man. New York, J. A. Rogers, 1952, 1917 Williams, History of the Negio Race inAmerica George W. From 1619-1880. New York,Arno-Press. World's Great Men of Color.(Vol. I Inc.; 1968 and IL) New York, J. A. Rogers, 1947 Williams, Africa, Her History, Lands andPeople. Shinnic, AncientAfricanKingdoms. London, John A. New. York, Cooper Square Pub., .1961 Margaret England, Edward Arnold Pub.; 1965 Wish,' Slavery. in the =South..New York, The SiMmons, Men of Mark.New York, ArnO Press, Harvey Noonday Press, 1964

Rev. Wm.Inc., 1968 . (cd-.) J. Woodson, .The Education of the Negro Priorto 1861: Spero, S. & The Black Worker. PortWashington, Carter G.New York, Arno Press, Inc., 1968 Harris,A. Kcnnikat Press, 1966 The Story of .the Negro Retold. Washing- Still, The Underground Railroad. New York, ton, D.C., The Associated Publishers, Inc., William Arrio Press. Inc., 1968s,, 1959 Taylor, Susie.Reminiscences of My Life in Camp. New The Negro in Our History. Washington, King York, Arno Press, Inc., 1968 D.C., Associated Publishers, Inc., 1949 Terkel, Giants of Jazz.New York, Thomas Y. Studs Crowell, 1957 PERIODICALS FOR.THE LIBRARY . Thompson,the Zimbabwe Culture. New York, Ox- Aka Report Stiite505 Dupont Circle: Bldg., Washing- C. Catonford U. Press, 1931 . ton, D.C. 20036 Truth, Narrative of Sojourner Truth. New York, Africa.Today c/o Graduate Schoolof International Sojourner Arno Press, Inc., 1968 . Studies ' University of Denver Turner, Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect. Chi- Denver, Colo. 80210 LorenzceD.cago, Ill., TheUniversity.Press, 1949 Crisis Crisis p.PublishingCompany U.N.E.S.- The Courier, October 1959. New York, C.O.. \ 1190 Broadway U.N.E.S.C.O. Publications Center. `New York, N.Y. 10019 F'""erliOI,"r...-7.4rr,47.....^"°"'T'I,"e.'...."'w-"owo.eoom.uwwmeoo..x.y., .1

.1 71 Ebony Johnson. Publishing Company Film Associates of California - 1820 Michigan Avenue 115 -59. Santa Monica Blvd. Chicago, III. 60616 Los Angeles, Calif. 90025 ,s Freedomways Freedomways Associates, Inc. " Discovering. the Musk: of Africa."Historic, yet 7.99 Broadway current,. for all ages New York, N.Y; 10003 " Paul Laurence Dunbar."Humanizes the poet; Journal of Bureuti of Education Research brings his life into perspective of the time in which Negro Howard University Press he lived and of today Education. Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20001 Journal of Associated Publishers FILMSTRIPS Negro 1538 Ninth. St., NW. Bailey Films History 'Washington, D.C. 20001 : 6509 De Longpre Ave. Hollywood, Calif: 90028 Negro Biblio- 117 R St., NE. graphic and Washington, D.C. 20002 " Nigeria: What You Would See There." Good un- 'Research biased presentation. NigeriaisIlk ancestral Center, Inc. homeland of the majority of Afro-American people.2 filmstrips with records, .color Negro Box '1057 Heritage Washington, D.C. 20013 , Bowmar Records, Inc. Negro His- Associated Publishers 622 Rodier Dr. -tory; Bulletin 1538 Ninth St., NW. Glendale, Calif: 91201 Washington, D.C. 20001 " Folk Songs of. Africa."Excellent., Includes words Phylon Atlanta Univeriity and music for pupils to learn and sing along. 223 Chestnut St., SW. Color, with record. Atlanta, Ga. 30314 Buckingham Enterprises, Inc. FILIVIS 16 mm. 160-08 Jamaica Ave. Jamaica, N.Y. 11432 ti.r:419 De Loagpre Ave. "Survey ofAfrcwAmericanHistory 1619to oioorl, Calif. 90028 1865." Stark reality; historically accurate. Black and white.Teach:wit manual for script reading. ." Inc Negro American." Has very minor. flaws which do no take away from its overall historical message or from the vital human relati&IS issue of the Film Associates v.:went ;or ial scene 0559 Santa Monica Blvd. Los Angeles, Calif. 90025 " W. C.'.Ilutay:"Humanizes the rfiusician, tells his life,-and or the unfolding of American blues and Biographies: Dr. Ralph Bunch', GeneraL Benjamin jazz Davis, Jr., Judge Thurgood Marshall: A. Philip Randolph. Color.With record and reading " Booker T. yVashifigton." Humanizesthe pioneer of \script.

Industrial education in America 4, FriendshipPress Encylopedia Britannica 475 Riverside\Dr. 425 North Michigan Ave. New York, N.Y.\ 10027 Chicago, IR. 60611 " Crescendo."History of the 20th-century racial " What .Color Are You? ".A superior film for all strife, well done.Color, with record and teacher's ages manual.

loommiaboonsloinsomem 72

, Negro History Associates REXGRAPH MATERIAL 51 Herkimer St. . Brooklyn, N.Y. 11216'. Continental Press Elizabethtown, Pa. 17022. " Anti-Slavery Coins," " The Doctor Is a Lady," " The Story of Lewis 'Latimer."All,well docu- "Grade Six. Africa." (Nearlyallare'usable," menteand historically accurate.Color, with teacher,may omitthose which stress the Tole of reading script. the missionary) 40 " Early American Inventors."The true record of important industrial inventions .interracial. RECORDS . " Revolutionary Period, 1770-1790." The true, in- Folkways/Scholastic , tegrated record of this historical period 'presented- Grade factually.Color, filmstrip, no record, teacher's Level reading' script. FC- -70031,2; 3, and a Zing, Zing, Zing. - Jenkins Society for Visual Educatidn, Inc. . 1345 Diversey Parkway FC 7665,Play Your Instruments and Make Chicago, III. 60614 A Pretty Sound.Ella Jenkins K-2 Biographies: :Mary McLeod Bethune, Benjamin . FC7664You'll Sing. A S6ng and I'll Sing Banneker, George Washington Carver, Frederick A Song. .Ella Jenkins K-2- Douglass, Robert Smalls, Harriet Tubman. Color. FC7057Rhythm and Game Songs for the With recorei. and reading script. Little Ones.Ella Jenkins , F " The Reverend Dr: Martin Luther King, Jr."His FC7654American Negro Folk and Work life, his deith,his message ^ Song Rhythms. Ella Jenkins 3-6 " Robert and His Family " (a series of four film- FC7652.This Is Rhythm.Ella Jenkins strips). FC7104The Dream Keeper and Other 1.Robert's Family at Hdme. 'Poems 2.Robert's Family and Their Neighbors byLangstonHughes (read by. Langston Hughes) 3.Robert Goc:s Shopping .3-6 4.Robert and Father Visit the Zoo CXS 115The Islanders.Harry Belafonte 3-6 Value ofSeries:Humanizes. the Afin-American FP 712The Story of Jazz. Read by Langs- faniily, .affords opportunities for classroom dis- ton Hughes (From the book of cussion of race relations, also useful for other the same title by Hughes) 5-6 areas of curriculum.Warm, filled with humor, Children enjoy.color, sound filmstrip with rec- CC 0615Demonstration Record, 5-6 ord and reading' script. A sampler of 19 separate al- bums, excerpts provide' teacher with an idea of what each record TRANSPARENCIES album contains.Send 250 to Afro-Am Publishing Cdmpany, Inc. Folkways/Scholastic Records,' 172.7-South Indiana Ave. 906SylvanAve.,Englewood Chicago, III. 60616 Cliffs, N.J,. 07632, for-a:copy of this excellent demonstration.rec- . Large drawings of prominentpersons with descrip- ord. tive paragraph. FE ,4441Drums of the Yoruba of Nigeria. '5-6 Hammond, Inc. Columbia t Maplewood, N.J. 07040 t'D CL 1412Drums of, Passion. Olatunji 5-6 Maps of-Africa, set of maps.. -Reprise

77 73 . RS 6253. Miriam Makeba in C.uncert. 5-6 SONG BOOKS ,Makeba ON de Mrs. D. C. Elam, Rt. 2, Box .Level 371 C, Berlin, N.J. 08009 Associated publishers Historical Interpretations of Negro 1538 Ninth St., NW. Spirituals.(For mature sixth Washington, D.C. 20001 and up) c* ' Play Songs of the Deep SOuth byAltona "/ Trent-Johns K.-4

C ooperative Recreation Service,' Inc. Radnor Rd. UNUSUAL AND USEFUL INEXPENSIVE Delaware, Ohio 43015 MATERIALS goR THE CLASSROOM African Songs AND/OR COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES K--6 Grade Friendship Press LeVel 475 Riverside Dr.. The Wrigh t Studio New York, N.Y. 10027 ; , 5264 BtOOkville Rd. The Whole World Singing by.Nina K -.6 Indianapolis, Ind. 46219 C. African napkins; standing figures, etc. K-6 Guide for Teathers 114-53 207th St. Harold W.. Lang Cambria Heights, N.Y. 41411< 2008 Essex Ave. Rich Heritage by Evelyn Lallp.Pittman Dallas, Tex. 75203 Oak Publications Four-page chronological sketch 1492-1967 5-6 165 West 46th St. New York, N.Y: 10036 M. A. Harris, Negro History Associates We Shall Overcome 51 Herkimer St. Brooklyn, N.Y. 11216 The Viking Press, List ,of 339 inventions, patent numbers, and 625 Madison A A. dates 4-6 New York, N.Y. 100'22 The Books of American Negro Spirituals by Keg Enterprises James Weldon Johnson and J. Rosamond 171-15 Jamaica Ave. Johnson 6 Jamaica, N.Y. 11432 . - Pride and Heritage book covers: with pictures, stories . 2-6 t. GAMES , Guide for Teachers Grade 114-53 207th. St. Level Cambria Heights, N.Y. 11411 Cooperative Recreation Service; Inc. - Radnor Rd.. Pride and Heritage bookmarks (for lots above Delaware, Ohio 43015 1,000, contact Keg Enterprises) . . .3 -6 Count and Capture (the world's, oldest game)

Cooperative Recreation Service, Inc. Friendship Press Radnor Rd. 475 Riverside Dr. Delaware, Ohio 43015 NeW York, N.Y. 10027 Books of games 5 -6 Children's Games FroM Many Lands

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DRAMATIC PLAYS Grade Grade Level Level Associated Ptiblishers Afro-Am PublishingCompany, Inc. 1538 Ninth St., NW. 1727 South Indiana.Ave. Washington, D.C. 20001 Chicago, Ill. -60616. Photographs of all sizes,scenes and individ- The Meeting by Peggy Adams Osborn . 5-6 . uals of historical importance Oiler 200 in collection CALENDARS Africans and Afro-Americans - No printed description Association for the on picturcsprovid- Study' of Negro Lifeand History . ing class with opportunity 1538 Ninth St., NW.; for 'varied uses 34 Washington, D.C. 20001 Bu,ekingham Enterprises,.Inc. Wall Calendar 160-08 Jambica Ave. Month 1,f Month Jamaica, N.Y. 11432 Facts for Each bay Large drawings brief 'descriptions, print large Interracial andInternational K-6 No Pictures Friendship, Press 475 Riverside Dr.. _ ..Carver Federal Savings and LoanAssociation 75 West 125th St.. New York, N.Y.10027 " Nciv York, 'N.Y..10027 Large photographs.No printing. Wall Calendar Wall chart 'of "Twentieth Century.Ameri- Month by Month cans of Negrolineage "by Louise E. Jef-. ferson with story in _Biographies paragraph form . 3-6 With Pictures -Guide for Teachers, Guide for Teachers 1.14-53 207th, St. 114-53 2017th St. Cambria Heights,N.Y. P411 Cambria Heights, N.Y. 11411 Wall chart of "Song and Daughtersof Notebook Calendars , Africaby Joan BacchusAntoine Five Hole Punch Important people ofthe world, withbiog- Annotated. raphy in paragraph Showing Major 3-6 Contributions To Museum, of African-American America History 3806MichiganAve. Museum of African-AmericanHistory 'Chicago, 111. 60653 3806 ,Michigan Ave. Prints of various . . sizes by Margaret T.Bur- C Ill. 60653 roughs Wall Calendar Thomas Nelson andSons Month by Month Copewood and Davis Historical 'Facts Sts.. Camden, N.J. 08103 . With Pictures . Twelve scenes ofAfrican fife,2 x 3 feet PICTURES AND CHARTS . . Afro-Am Publishing / Company, Inc. FLAGS.. ° 1727 South IndianaAve. Chicago, III. 60616 United NationsBook Center ° United NationsPlaza Large drawings,paragraphs, descriptions Also, transparencies Chart of flags ofALL U.N. member of same 3-6 nations - Good, for bulletinboard in classroom 11111PRONIUMPIPIFTINIMMINI111111111111MINOPPIXIMPOPM11111

75 MAPS MA.GAZINES- Farrel Lines NEGRO HERITAGE (a magaZine-in-brief I Whitehall St. 11372 Links Dr. New York, N.Y. 10004 Reston, Va. 22070 0 (write for a FREE map of Africa) NEGRO HISTORY BULLETIN Friendship Ness 475 Riverside Dr. Associated Publishers New York, N.Y. 100.27 1538 Ninth St., NW. (has several. types) Washington, D.C. 20001 PHYLON Hammond, Inc. Maplewood, N.J. Atlanta Universit) 223 Chestnut St., SW. (has wall maps and transptirencies) Atlanta, Ga..30314 Rand, McNally THE AFRICAN OBSERVER 124. West Monroe St. 'S600 M St., NW. Chicago, Ill. Wrshington, D.C. 20002 (has several sizes and globes of various descriptions) EBONY Silver. Burdett Company 1800 South Michigar. Ave. Morristown, N.J. 67960 Chicago, III. 60616

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