DOCSLIB.ORG

Multi-Scale Modeling of Sediment and Nutrient Flow Dynamics in The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Multi-Scale Modeling of Sediment and Nutrient Flow Dynamics in The Multi-scale modeling of sediment and nutrient flow dynamics in the Ouémé catchment (Benin)– towards an assessment of global change effects on soil degradation and water quality Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von Yaovi Aymar Bossa aus Kpinnou, Benin Bonn, Juni 2012 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. B. Diekkrüger 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Ir. E. K. Agbossou Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 07.09.2012 Erscheinungsjahr: 2012 Dedication To all my family, first to my wife Hélyette Arielle Bossa, who supported me with faith and love. My Children, Heysenam and Helynam Bossa for whom I did not often have enough time, but who gave me courage and motivation. To my parents, Antoine, Josephine, Reine, Valerie, Odile, Constance, Ines, Brigitte, Benoît, Bernard, my parents and brothers in-laws (Théophile, Clotilde, Harsys and Théo-wyls), and my nephews (Rosine, Octave, Rose,..) this is my most emotional way of saying thank you for giving me support and tenderness. i Acknowledgements This work has been supported by the Federal German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Grant No. 01 LW 06001B) as well as the Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology (MIWFT) of the federal state of Northrhine-Westfalia (Grant No. 313-21200200) for the funding of the IMPETUS project in the framework of the GLOWA program. The German Academic Exchange Service has supported this work through a three year scholarship. I am very grateful to Mr. Bernd Diekkrüger, Professor at the Department of Geography of the University of Bonn, responsible of the Hydrology Research Group and supervisor of this work, who has really spent time for me, giving me daily advises, and has early gave me unconditional support in my orientation. He also gave me many opportunities to visit international conferences. His patience to listen to my questions sometimes not clear enough and his commitment to a well done work were my main motivation. I am really so proud for having belonged to his working group. I express my gratitude to all belonging to the Hydrology Research Group, especially Dr Simone Giertz, Gero Steup, Dr Luc Sintondji, Dr Claudia Hiepe, Dr Anna Klose, Henning Busche, Britta Höllermann, Jakob Sorge, Guido Scuito, Mareike, Asfaw Kebede Kassa, Derib Sisay, Daniela Dowersteg, Dr Oliver Schulz, Ambros Waidosch, Aurelien Tossa, Andreas Enders, Thomas Cornelissen, Dr. Constanze Leemhuis, whose contributions in various forms were very valuable. Scientific rigor, commitment, passion and intellectual generosity made the exchanges with them interesting and enjoyable. I express my gratitude to Dr Igué and Dr Gaiser, who took an active part in all related to soil investigation, leading to the publication of the sixth chapter of this thesis in the Geoderma Journal. Many thanks to IMPETUS in all its hierarchy and its participants at the both sides Germany and Benin, since they have taken an active part in my background construction, through series of integrated trainings in soil hydrodynamics, hydrological process modeling coupled with Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing, within the capacity building rubric of the IMPETUS project. As for the administrative side, I cannot forget Prof. Dr Reichert, Dr Michael Christoph, Andreas Preu, and all of you whose names are not mentioned here. I am grateful to Mr. Euloge Agbossou, Professor at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FSA) at the University of Abomey-Calavi (Bénin). Few months before completing my master degree, he gave me the opportunity to meet Prof. Diekkrüger, Dr Giertz and Mr Steup, who accepted me to join their Research Group just after the defense of the Master degree. He believed soon in my potential, he has forged my personnal confidence face to a completely new professional environment, and seized spontaneously every opportunity that can be relevant to my education and my professional profile. I couldn’t forget his closed assistants, Dr Luc Sintondji and Dr Bernard Ahamidé, who have played remarkable roles for achieving the objectives of this work. Bearing in mind that I was originally compartmentalized to the scientific field of fundamental Physics, thraiting only few aspects of Hydrology Sciences (e.g. continuum mechanics), it is the time to thank Professor Brice Sinsin, currently Rector of the University of Abomey-Calavi, who motivated me and gave me the opportunity (through a master program in Natural Resources Management at the faculty of Agricultural Sciences, co-piloted with Belgium Universities) to glimpse the transdisciplinarity of Environmental Sciences. I am really grateful to him. I have often resorted to various contributions from Pierre Adisso, Head of the Coordination Service of Integrated Water Resources Management of the Benin General Directorate of Water. He has shown a strong attachment to the success of this work, and has created good working environment for me inside his institution. To Mr. Antoine Gohoungossou, responsible of the Hydrology Service, Dr Arnaud Zannou, responsible of the Ouémé 2025 Project, Dr Félix Azonsi, Director of the Water Service of the General Directorate of Water of Benin, I say thank you for having doing your best to help me. Thanks to Martial Dossou, Farouk, Lamidi, Doussi, Comfort, Florence, Dr. Vincent Orékan from IMPETUS, Maxime Wubda, Afouda Simon, Theodore Ouani-Yossidé from IRD. I do not forget Mr Ahlonssou of DMN, Dr Valens Mulindabigwi, Mr Pofadji of CePEG, and my friends Ulrich Demagbo of CCA. ii Abstract Beyond aspects such as the quantification of soil and water degradation, this work investigated impacts of differences in the input boundary conditions (e.g. soil map, land use) on the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Effects of different local crop management scenarios (e.g. fertilizer input) on the simulation of plant growth and soil nutrient load to surface water and groundwater systems were also evaluated. The study was carried out in the Ouémé catchment (49,256 km²) at the outlet of Bonou in Bénin, where different sub-catchments were extensively investigated. Therefore, three different soil maps have been used: two maps of the hierarchical Soil and Terrain digital database approach (SOTER) and the soil mapping at the reconnaissance level, with one dominant soil type per mapping unit approach (ORSTOM); all three were available at the same resolution. The mapping approach’s impact on the model results was within the same magnitude of that of maps with different resolutions but developed with the same mapping approach. While the latter aspect is often studied, the first one is usually neglected. A land use map was refined for the study area, enabling the evaluation of four management scenarios: fertilizer supplied only to cotton, rice and maize, as is common in Benin (Sc0); crop systems without the use of fertilizer (Sc0a); similar fertilizer inputs to all cropping systems (Sc1); and the original land use map without fertilizer inputs (Sc1a). Compared to the first scenario, the latter two scenarios, commonly used in regional scale modeling, exhibited distinct biases in plant growth parameters, crop yields, water yield, sediment yield and nitrogen load. A regionalization methodology has been developed and applied to derive scale dependent regression-based parameter models, using catchment physical properties depending on spatial scale as explanatory variables for SWAT model parameters obtained from multi-scale investigations, for accurately simulating water-sediment-nutrient fluxes at ungauged and large scale basins. With respect to process representation in the SWAT model, it was found that in the Ouémé catchment, geology appears to be a major driver of hydrological response, correlating significantly with eleven out of fifteen model parameters. Slope appears to be powerful to control the channel conductivity, groundwater threshold for base flow generation and soil evaporation compensation (accounting for capillary, crusting and cracking actions). The soil type lixisol, which is a dominant soil component within the Ouémé catchment, partly explained the surface runoff lag and the maximum retrained sediment. The occurrence of lateritic consolidated soil layer explained the soil susceptibility to erosion and drainage density explained the fraction of aquifer percolation. Parameters such as the curve number, controlling the surface runoff were not consistently explained by the catchment properties, leading to a slightly overestimation of runoff peaks, probably due to the non-uniqueness of the considered calibrated parameter set. These relationships were successfully used to compute daily runoff hydrographs (Model efficiency ranged from 0.61 to 0.67 and coefficient of determination of roughly 0.70) at different catchment scales (from 1179 km² to 23488 km²). By adopting this methodology two difficulties in model setup in the Ouémé catchment were overcome: parameter scale-effects and associated uncertainty issues for large scale model application and the lack and non-accurateness of boundary condition data (e.g. stream water-sediment-nutrient measurements). Climate and land use change impacts on the ongoing land and water degradation were compared at different spatial scales (Donga-Pont: 586 km²; Ouémé-Bonou: about 49,256 km²). Surface runoff, groundwater flow, sediment
Load more

Recommended publications
  • La Agroecología: Una Ciencia, Un Conjunto De Prácticas Y Un Movimiento Social
    HLPE INFORME 14 Enfoques agroecológicos y otros enfoques innovadores en favor de la sostenibilidad de la agricultura y los sistemas alimentarios que mejoran la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición Un informe del Grupo de alto nivel de expertos en seguridad alimentaria y nutrición Julio 2019 Informes del Grupo de alto nivel de expertos N.º 1 Volatilidad de los precios y seguridad alimentaria (2011) N.º 2 Tenencia de la tierra e inversiones internacionales en agricultura (2011) N.º 3 La seguridad alimentaria y el cambio climático (2012) N.º 4 Protección social en favor de la seguridad alimentaria (2012) N.º 5 Los biocombustibles y la seguridad alimentaria (2013) N.º 6 Inversión en la agricultura a pequeña escala en favor de la seguridad alimentaria (2013) N.º 7 La pesca y la acuicultura sostenibles para la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición (2014) N.º 8 Las pérdidas y el desperdicio de alimentos en el contexto de sistemas alimentarios sostenibles (2014) N.º 9 Contribución del agua a la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición (2015) N.º 10 Desarrollo agrícola sostenible para la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición: ¿qué función desempeña la ganadería? (2016) N.º 11 Una actividad forestal sostenible en favor de la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición (2017) N.º 12 La nutrición y los sistemas alimentarios (2017) N.º 13 Asociaciones entre múltiples partes interesadas para financiar y mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición en el marco de la Agenda 2030 (2018) N.º 14 Enfoques agroecológicos y otros enfoques innovadores en favor de la sostenibilidad de la agricultura y los sistemas alimentarios que mejoran la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición (2019) Todos los informes del Grupo de alto nivel de expertos se encuentran disponibles en la página http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe/informes/es/.
    [Show full text]
  • Börtön, Exilium És Szenvedés Bethlen Miklós Élettörténetének Kora Újkori Kontextusai
    BÖRTÖN, EXILIUM ÉS SZENVEDÉS Bethlen Miklós élettörténetének kora újkori kontextusai Börtön, exilium és szenvedés Bethlen Miklós élettörténetének kora újkori kontextusai Szerkesztette Fajt Anita Szilágyi Emőke Rita Tóth Zsombor reciti Budapest 2017 A kötet megjelenését Fodor Pál, az MTA Bölcsészettudományi Intézetének főigazgatója támogatta A borítóhoz felhasznált fénykép forrása: http://www.kozpont.ro/epitett-oroksegunk/erdely-egyik-legszebb- kiralyi-birtoka-es-vara/ Könyvünk a Creative Commons Nevezd meg! – Ne add el! – Így add tovább! 2.5 Magyarország Licenc (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/hu/) feltételei szerint szabadon másolható, idézhető, sokszorosítható. A köteteink honlapunkról letölthetők. Éljen jogaival! ISBN 978-615-5478-43-7 Kiadja a reciti, az MTA BTK Irodalomtudományi Intézetének recenziós portálja • www.reciti.hu Tördelés, borító: Szilágyi N. Zsuzsa Nyomda és kötészet: Kódex Könyvgyártó Kft. 5 Tartalom Előszó .................................................................................. 7 I. Börtönirodalom ..................................................................... 9 Tóth Zsombor Börtönirodalom: egy hiányzó kora újkori magyar hagyomány? A kora újkori börtöntapasztalatok irodalomtörténeti jelentőségéről (vázlat) ................................................................................. 11 Szilágyi Emőke Rita Az önkéntes száműzetés alakzatai és trópusai Oláh Miklós Brüsszelben .......................................................... 51 Tóth Gergely Az erazmista szatirikus és a bebörtönzött
    [Show full text]
  • Briefe Über Kalabrien Und Sizilien
    Informazioni su questo libro Si tratta della copia digitale di un libro che per generazioni è stato conservata negli scaffali di una biblioteca prima di essere digitalizzato da Google nell’ambito del progetto volto a rendere disponibili online i libri di tutto il mondo. Ha sopravvissuto abbastanza per non essere più protetto dai diritti di copyright e diventare di pubblico dominio. Un libro di pubblico dominio è un libro che non è mai stato protetto dal copyright o i cui termini legali di copyright sono scaduti. La classificazione di un libro come di pubblico dominio può variare da paese a paese. I libri di pubblico dominio sono l’anello di congiunzione con il passato, rappresentano un patrimonio storico, culturale e di conoscenza spesso difficile da scoprire. Commenti, note e altre annotazioni a margine presenti nel volume originale compariranno in questo file, come testimonianza del lungo viaggio percorso dal libro, dall’editore originale alla biblioteca, per giungere fino a te. Linee guide per l’utilizzo Google è orgoglioso di essere il partner delle biblioteche per digitalizzare i materiali di pubblico dominio e renderli universalmente disponibili. I libri di pubblico dominio appartengono al pubblico e noi ne siamo solamente i custodi. Tuttavia questo lavoro è oneroso, pertanto, per poter continuare ad offrire questo servizio abbiamo preso alcune iniziative per impedire l’utilizzo illecito da parte di soggetti commerciali, compresa l’imposizione di restrizioni sull’invio di query automatizzate. Inoltre ti chiediamo di: + Non fare un uso commerciale di questi file Abbiamo concepito Google Ricerca Libri per l’uso da parte dei singoli utenti privati e ti chiediamo di utilizzare questi file per uso personale e non a fini commerciali.
    [Show full text]
  • Börtön, Exilium És Szenvedés Bethlen Miklós Élettörténetének Kora Újkori Kontextusai
    brton, exilium és szenvedés Bethlen Miklós élettörténetének kora újkori kontextusai reciti BÖRTÖN, EXILIUM ÉS SZENVEDÉS Bethlen Miklós élettörténetének kora újkori kontextusai Börtön, exilium és szenvedés Bethlen Miklós élettörténetének kora újkori kontextusai Szerkesztette Fajt Anita Szilágyi Emőke Rita Tóth Zsombor reciti Budapest 2017 A kötet megjelenését Fodor Pál, az MTA Bölcsészettudományi Intézetének főigazgatója támogatta A borítóhoz felhasznált fénykép forrása: http://www.kozpont.ro/epitett-oroksegunk/erdely-egyik-legszebb- kiralyi-birtoka-es-vara/ Könyvünk a Creative Commons Nevezd meg! – Ne add el! – Így add tovább! 2.5 Magyarország Licenc (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/hu/) feltételei szerint szabadon másolható, idézhető, sokszorosítható. A köteteink honlapunkról letölthetők. Éljen jogaival! ISBN 978-615-5478-43-7 Kiadja a reciti, az MTA BTK Irodalomtudományi Intézetének recenziós portálja • www.reciti.hu Tördelés, borító: Szilágyi N. Zsuzsa Nyomda és kötészet: Kódex Könyvgyártó Kft. 5 Tartalom Előszó .................................................................................. 7 I. Börtönirodalom ..................................................................... 9 Tóth Zsombor Börtönirodalom: egy hiányzó kora újkori magyar hagyomány? A kora újkori börtöntapasztalatok irodalomtörténeti jelentőségéről (vázlat) ................................................................................. 11 Szilágyi Emőke Rita Az önkéntes száműzetés alakzatai és trópusai Oláh Miklós Brüsszelben .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Four Christianity in Sudan and Ethiopia
    Chapter Four Christianity in Sudan and Ethiopia William B. Anderson & Ogbu U. Kalu "Ah, land of rustling wings, beyond the rivers of Kush." (Isaiah 18:1) Sudan is a biblical land. It is not at the center, like the Holy Land-or even a major player like Egypt, Syria and Babylon. It is not part of the central geography: the fertile crescent or the Mediterranean world. Yet it is not outside like Japan or the Americas. Kush is found in our Bibles 48 times. It begins early: Kush is one of the sons ofHam.62 Kush is a clear geographical place, its northern boundary very distinct. Ezekiel talks of the whole of Egypt "from Migdol (in the north) to Syene (i.e. Aswan), as far as the border of Kush."63 For at Aswan, the fertile Nile valley, which south of the Delta is 16 miles wide, narrows drastically, as the rocky hills crowd to the edge of the river, forming the Nile's first cataract. It is the heart of the Sahara desert, with the world's longest river winding through it. Kush is all the land south of the first cataract-Aswan. Kush is also racial. At Aswan, the Black or Brown, the Negroid people began. Kush meant the black race. The Nile was the most accessible road to reach that race. Beginning with Egypt's first dynasty, Egypt sought gold and slaves there. Kushites were noted as warriors. And finally, Egypt's 25th dynasty was Kushite: Napata in Nubia conquered and ruled Egypt, and appeared in the prophecies of Isaiah.
    [Show full text]
  • Philological Proofs of the Original Unity and Recent Origin of the Human Race by Arthur James Johnes
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of Philological Proofs of the Original Unity and Recent Origin of the Human Race by Arthur James Johnes This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Philological Proofs of the Original Unity and Recent Origin of the Human Race Author: Arthur James Johnes Release Date: February 4, 2011 [Ebook 35167] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PHILOLOGICAL PROOFS OF THE ORIGINAL UNITY AND RECENT ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN RACE*** Philological Proofs of the Original Unity and Recent Origin of the Human Race Derived From a Comparison of the Languages of Asia, Europe, Africa, and America Being an Inquiry How Far the Differences in the Languages of the Globe are Referrible to Causes Now in Operation. By Arthur James Johnes, Esq. Eam linguam (primævam) Hebræi suam dicunt, Syri suam, Verius asseritur primævam linguam nullibi puram extare, sed reliquias ejus esse in omnibus linguis. GROTIUS—Annot. Genes, XI. London: John Russell Smith 4, Old Compton Street, Soho Square 1846 Contents Dedication. .2 Introduction. On The Connexion Of The Conclusions Of This Work With History, Sacred And Profane, And With The Results Of Science. .4 Plan Of This Investigation. Lord Bacon's Principles Ap- plicable To Inquiries Into The Origin And Changes Of Human Languages. 50 Chapter I. On The Evidence Furnished By A Comparison Of Their Languages Of The Original Unity Of The Various Nations Of The Continents Of Asia, Europe, Africa, And America.
    [Show full text]
  • Woord Vooraf
    Inhoud 52-61 Gemma Jansen Tuinen in de klassieke Oudheid. De grote pioniers Wilhelmina Jashemski en Maureen Carroll 62-77 Eric M. Moorman Twee- en driedimensionale tuinen. De aankleding van tuinen in de Romeinse wereld 78-83 Stephan T.A.M. Mols Een Romeinse tuin in Nederland 84-90 Pauline van Rijn Tuinen in de Romeinse provincies. Informatie uit opgravingen in Nederland en elders 91-99 Gemma Jansen Water in de Pompejaanse tuin 100-101 Het tuintje van Martialis (XI.18) 102-109 H.C. Teitler Op jacht naar paradijzen 110-111 Plinius’Umbrische Villatuin (V.6) 112-122 W. Kassies Tuinen in woorden. Een blik op epische tuinen 123-129 Hans Smolenaars Literaire tuinen. Romeinse dichters in de natuur 130-139 Vincent Hunink Een oud-Romeins boerenpesto. Het Moretum 140-147 Wim Verbaal De tuin van de dichter. Walahfried Strabo († 849) en zijn Hortulus 148-159 G.J.M. Bartelink De tuin vol klank. Mediterrane tuinen in de muziek Woord vooraf ‘Een eigen stukje groen’... voor veel mensen blijft het een onbereikbare droom. Dat geldt zowel voor de Oudheid als voor onze eeuw. Wie wél zo'n stukje groen heeft onderhoudt het en geniet ervan. De redactie van Hermeneus laat u in haar jaarlijkse themanummer ditmaal graag kennismaken met aspecten van de antieke tuin. Bij die keuze stond ons vooral de antieke siertuin voor ogen, al belichten sommige auteurs in deze bundel ook de groentetuin. Over het ene onderwerp bleek heel veel bekend, over andere laten zowel antieke auteurs als modern onderzoek ons nog erg in het ongewisse. Zo zijn er nauwelijks gegevens over tuinen in het antieke Kreta en in Etrurië, terwijl het onderzoek naar Griekse tuinen pas recent op gang is gekomen.
    [Show full text]
  • Si Vei Puté. Si Vei Fl
    10,51111111MINI varacusesaine =MN IMMI.M.1111211111, VI NERT 11 AUGUST 1861. Voiesce LuminCO-te si vei puté. si vei fl. Va esi1rotalc flilele ofera do Liana si a deou-di dupe &Habit MAUL Abermren ne face in Brimmed, la Adnenistra- linnets lla,atnulal, Pasagint Roman No, 13, A metres pe un an 128 lei. af. ae leaf 64 MARIO POLITICO, CHIRCIALII, LITERARIII rdl 32 ,1.11 in kith* la dos-null Administratorl qi la cores. 11 pondispl nostril, sail d'a droplet min pasta Ira- 24 par Lai mama.- mitend ibasil.Tot ammonia) si io Iasi, laniingirile nine 1 lea (ARTICLELE TRAMISE SI NEPUBLICATE SE VOR ARDE.) Direptoriuld Romlinula si Redaptoriuls respungetorin tC. A. Rosati. Tipografia C. A. Rosetti, (Caimata) calea Fortune! No. 15. Pentruabonare si reclamtirl se vor adresa la Administratoriul 4iarinilrt d. C. D Aricescu, Pas. Romtin No 13 SENTIVIA EUROPEL ne kai Men an i se Ba da o sulogis-lor in Roma, at aka noreedensitealn'a-mari invennts de Ininsratol Nanoleoneso marnmesk in mineral in Inkrare strikta ne !conforms doringelor eagisuil ita-kem assurenrooingelormerzionellalenrinresbelal Hanel mi itimentats itsa re gelamentelff mi 'n arinegiarea look- Asupra oamenilor ce aft guver- Cialdinirlsample frames la Masenta, Selferino nati guverna teara noastra. este ks nenstinna, de tot ka ne-regatnintHalton,[fettered/it gionorilor noblivi, kiar Bacot konsiliti ente =lags a sereorganise mi reformadeklarit ku, este ka sending% a stimi ter-mi ne alte innate knearniri de bunt° glo-tot nemit de gnomes! Ras. Rom dar, Gurernalimpdratala gittainsakm se kanine stand beadle tut aotele de brigniul dinnro-donne, made nagisnea italians at kon- Italian; tot defi- Born.111E1 ini nel Ins Morin! des Débats ed acalifarganisaretrebaane sneltitorif de reakniseltin tangelo nonolitane, ne kat limn on, fi de-traktat o datoris de rekonointinns e- fear; desor- or natal Holoneen rekonoamte deinstitagin2 SECOLI ARUNCATAdini, iiitiieidka at tinasilsitter neMal manor.
    [Show full text]
  • Niger - Région De Zinder Date De Production : 1 Février 2019
    Pour Usage Humanitaire Uniquement CARTE DE REFERENCE Niger - Région de Zinder Date de production : 1 février 2019 " 8°0'0"E 10°0'0"E 12°0'0"E " " " Tende Adreragalat " " " " Amantadau " " " " " Doubela " " Kout Kout " " " " " " Ponpon Ouroke " " " " " Fachi Tiguiliyit Akadandan " " " " " " " " " Ketare"y " " " " " " " " " " Bilma " Tiguidan Taguet " " " Inbizguine " " " " Tiguidan Taguet Kanna Ii " Tabelot Fogochia " " " Annou Araren " " " Dabaga "" " " " " " " """ " " " " " " " Taj"oual " " " " " Ekizengui " " " " " " " !( Beital " " " " Fatarachi " " Tikilkal Injitane " " " " " " " " Tamedi (En Tadeliza) Tigart "" " Intibagawen " Tessaba Nates " " " "" " " " " " A" zi Nimgui Tchinwikirwi " " " " " " " " " " " " Inatambar(Tachoghat) " " " Tchinbrane Tiblilik Tiblilik " " Tabankart " " " " " " " " " " " " Tiguidan Adar " " " " " " Tassouba Guermawan " " " " " " " " Tchirozerine Tagazar " " " " " " Tabakat " !( " " " " " " " " " " Aniwakal " " " Ikirkiwi" " " " " " Tiguinde " " " Aniwakal " " """""" " A"" gadez "" " " Ebadey Badaya " !( Nguel Garwa " " " " " " " " Agadez Arwa Azouwaloul Guerkala " " " Azouwaloul Guerkala " " Agadem " " Azouwaloul " Tilbay " Tibardak " " Tebangane " " " Assawas " " Agare " Agare Agalal Ngaren " " Din Doumi (1) Torguit " " Banawa Tchimoumounene " Ingall !(" Ebizguine " Tabakamat " Tedniss " " Ingall Kokari " " Tedniss Kirnache Akoukou " Aborak " " Finitan " Teguirwit Akassamsam Tchifeyen " " " Fako " Torouf " " Taghatchir 2 " Taghatchir 1 " Tejitmallat " Tejitmallat " Da Gare Gare " " Da Gare Gare Tameghat
    [Show full text]
  • On the Ancient Coins and Measures of Ceylon
    1397 C4D25++ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library CJ1397.C4 D25 and m aS"'es ey ancient coins <?, On the ll ,?Lp 3 1924 029 792 938 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029792938 THE INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATA ORIENTALIA. THE ADVANCED ARTICLES HAVE BEEN UNDERTAKEN BY THE FOLLOWING CONTRIBUTORS: DR. H. BLOCHMANN. GENERAL A. CUNNINGHAM. SIR WALTER ELLIOT. PROE. JULIUS EUTING. BON PASCUAL DE GAYANGOS. PROFESSOR GREGORIEF. MR. F. W. MADDEN. SIR ARTHUR PHAYRE. MR. REGINALD S. POOLE. 1 MR. STANLEY L. POOLE. M. F. DE SAULCY. M. H. SAUVATRE. MR. EDWARD THOMAS. ON THE ANCIENT COTNS AND MEASURES OF CEYLON, "WITH A DISCUSSION OP THE CEYLON DATE OF THE BUDDHA'S DEATH. T. W. RHYS DAVIDS, OF THE MIDDLE TEMPLE, BARRI8TER-AT-LAW ; LATE OF THE CEYLON CIVIL SERVICE. LONDON": TEtJBNEE, & CO., 57 and 59, LUDGATE HILL. 1877. AM rights reserved. CONTENTS. PAET I. PAET III. References to Coins in Buddhist Liteeatttee Sketch of the Histoet op Cetxon ttndee those Kings whose Coins aee Extant. Introductory - - 1,2 SECTION Northern Buddhist Books - - - - 3 Introductory - 35 Southern Buddhist Books. "Wijaya Bahu I. - - 36 1. Maha Vagga and Kammavaea (Pa&a) - 4 Parakrama Bahu the Great- - - 37-39 2. Dhammapada (Kahapana) - 5, 6 Wijaya Bahu II. 40 3. Khuddaka Patha 7 Nissanka Malla- 41 4. Parajika and Sutta Pitaka [Hiranna- The times of trouble - 42 suvanna) - - "Wijaya Bahu III. 43 5. Kaccayana's Grammar 9 Pandita Parakrama Bahu - 44 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Kultúra, Művelődés, Agrárium Speculum
    KULTÚRA, MŰVELŐDÉS, AGRÁRIUM TANULMÁNYOK IFJ. BARTA JÁNOS 80. SZÜLETÉSNAPJÁRA SPECULUM HISTORIAE DEBRECENIENSE 29. (A Debreceni Egyetem Történelmi Intézete Kiadványai) Sorozatszerkesztő: PAPP KLÁRA Kultúra, művelődés, agrárium Tanulmányok ifj. Barta János 80. születésnapjára Szerkesztette: PAPP KLÁRA – BÁRÁNY ATTILA – KEREPESZKI RÓBERT – PALLAI LÁSZLÓ Debrecen, 2020 KIADJA A DEBRECENI EGYETEM TÖRTÉNELMI INTÉZETE A kötetet lektorálta: EGYED ÁKOS akadémikus (Kolozsvár) Technikai szerkesztő: H. BALÁZS ZSUZSANNA A kötet kiadását támogatta: az NKFI K 120197 azonosítószámú pályázata, a Debreceni Egyetem, a DE Történelmi és Néprajzi Doktori Iskolája, a DE Nemzetközi Inter-regionális Társadalomtörténeti és Néprajzi Kutatási Központja ISSN 2060-9213 ISBN 978-963-490-208-9 © Debreceni Egyetem Történelmi Intézete Nyomta a Kapitális Kft., Debrecen Felelős vezető: Kapusi József TARTALOM Barta János köszöntése (OROSZ ISTVÁN akadémikus) .................................. 9 BAZSA GYÖRGY: 80 éves a Debreceni Szemle főszerkesztője ..................... 13 IMRE LÁSZLÓ: Arany László és a 21. század ............................................... 19 FORISEK PÉTER: A classis Pontica rövid története ....................................... 25 TAKÁCS LEVENTE: A római földmérők földrajzi horizontja ........................ 33 BÁRÁNY ATTILA: Magyarország és Anglia az európai politikában az 1290-es években ................................................................................. 45 SOLYMOSI LÁSZLÓ: Szentek az Árpád-kori oklevelekben ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Orbán Balázs Török Tárgyú Írásai
    Orbán Balázs török tárgyú írásai Utazás Keleten (Részletek), 1861 Egyetmás Keletrõl s különösen a nõkrõl, 1875 Külföldi életembõl, 1881 Törökországról (Feledhetetlen jó anyám emlékezetének szentelve), 1884 TTöörröökkoorrsszzáággrróóll ss kküüllöönnöösseenn aa nnõõkkrrõõll TEREBESS KIADÓ BUDAPEST, 1999 Válogatta STEINERT ÁGOTA A jegyzeteket írta FODOR PÁL A belsõ címlapon Orbán Balázs látható 1865-ben 1884 I. Az ozmánoknak egykor világrettegte hatalma és bi- rodalma gyors hanyatlásnak és bomlásnak indult, miként minden oly uralom vagy birodalom, amely- nek alapja az erõszak, melynek összetartó kapcsát nem a szabadság arany—, hanem a zsarnokság vas- kapcsa képezi, amely épp azért, mert vas, a rozsdá- sodás általi oxidálásnak van alávetve s így könnyen szétpattan. Az ozmánok egykori birodalma roskadoz, az ozmánok egykor félelmes népe tespedésbe süllyedt azért, mert nem tudott és nem tud Európa mûveltsé- gi talajában gyökeret verni, légkörében akklimatizá- lódni; mert részben vallása, de leginkább zárkózott- ságra irányuló társadalmi intézményei elszigetelték és elzárták az európai polgárosodás, mûvelõdés és a szabad eszmék áldásos áramlatai elõl; mert elõ- kelõsége Byzánc elfoglalásakor elsajátítá a görögök romlott erkölcseit, fõleg politikai és kormányzati hibáit és vétkeit. E nép nem követte a korábban beköltözött test- vér magyar nép okulásra intõ bölcs példáját, mely a honfoglaláskor talán még vitézebb, harciasabb, vallása és intézményeinél fogva talán távolabb álló volt Európa népeitõl, mint a török; de amidõn ki- tombolta fiatal hevét, amidõn Európa népéletének vénhedt törzsébe új termõ ágat olta, amidõn ha- talmának súlyát éreztetve tiszteletet és respektust szerzett magának: akkor igyekezett Európa szoká- sai, vallása és polgárosodásához simulni s nemcsak bele találta magát új helyzetébe, hanem az új alak- ba öntött Európa népeivel testvéresülve nélkülöz- hetetlenné tudta magát tenni.
    [Show full text]