Map 52 Byzantium Compiled by C. Foss, 1997 Introduction Map 52 Byzantium Map 53 Bosphorus Map 52 encompasses two very different regions, Thrace and Bithynia, together with the northern coast of Mysia. Thrace, now European Turkey, is open, rolling country with few prominent features. In classical times, its population was mainly tribal, and it never had any great density of settlement. It has also attracted relatively little research and remains largely unknown, not least because considerable areas have been military zones. The coast of the Propontis, however, was the home of Greek colonies whose names are already attested in the Athenian tribute lists of the fifth century B.C. It also became the site of the greatest city of the East, Constantinople, which dwarfed all the others in Late Antiquity (see below). Bithynia is entirely different. Its coastal regions, with the lakes behind them, are part of the Mediterranean zone. Throughout antiquity, the rich vegetation here supported dense settlement and continuous occupation. Behind, there is broken country with mountains that culminate in the Mysian Olympus; the eastern part is watered by the mighty R. Sangarius. Interior Bithynia was settled only in the Hellenistic period; it flourished in Roman times, when Nicomedia amd Nicaea were rival metropolitan centers. The regions of these two cities have been illuminated by the explorations and publications of Dörner and Şahin, and a broad district around Cyzicus by Hasluck. Much of the rest awaits systematic survey. Map 53 focuses on the area of transition between the extremities of these two regions, centered on the long narrow channel of the Thracian Bosphorus. This passage of 17 miles, varying from one-third to two miles in width, separates Europe and Asia, and connects the Black Sea with the Propontis. Since archaic times, its primary role has been one of transit–between two continents as well as between two bodies of water. The Bosphorus is lined with wooded hills, some of which drop precipitously into the channel. Its shoreline is highly indented, with frequent bays, harbors, and the mouths of several small rivers which rise not far away. Because of its strategic location, the agricultural wealth of its hinterland, and the easy availability of fish, the area has always supported a large number of settlements, which increased constantly in the period covered here, in particular after the transformation of Byzantium into Constantinople in the fourth century A.D. The topography of the Bosphorus is extraordinarily well known, thanks to one of the most remarkable and detailed of ancient geographic texts. The Anaplous tou Bosporou, written by Dionysius of Byzantium in the second century A.D., records a great number of ports and landmarks along the entire coastline. Except on the Golden Horn, many of these can be located. Unfortunately, the text has a large lacuna, which can be at least approximately filled by the Latin translation (or paraphrase) of Peter Gyllius, made in the sixteenth century. The Latin text only was published by Carl Müller in GGM II with introduction and full commentary. The best critical edition of the Greek and Latin text, however, is now that of Güngerich (1927). The topography is most conveniently analyzed by E. Oberhümmer in RE Bosporos 1 and RE Keras. Most of his identifications are adopted on the map. Attention should be drawn to one passage of Dionysius which is more than usually confusing. After describing the entire right bank of the Golden Horn, he reaches Semystra at the junction of the two rivers Kydaros and Barbyses. He then continues (Güngerich, p. 13): “A tergo Semystrae, paulo supra fluminum ostia initium circumflexus in alterum latus sinus Ceratini efficit promontorium Drepanum inflexum ... loca nuncupata Mandrae et Drys; ille quidem a loco quieto et tecto, mari enim tranquillo alluitur ... post promontorium est longus sinus Auleon appellatus.” Commentators, misled by the Latin translation, have taken this passage to refer to places on the R. Barbyses (“a tergo” from Semystra). The Greek text, however, which merely states that they are κατόπιν,“after” Semystra, shows that the left bank of the Horn is being described, from the junction of the rivers, around the large 786 MAP 52 BYZANTIUM bend of Sütlüce, where the stream changes direction, and then continuing south-east. On this reading, the text suits the topography better, as well as accommodating the “mari tranquillo,” which could hardly refer to the course of the river. Otherwise, Dionysius seems to be wandering up-river, but then returns suddenly to a point on the Horn far below Semystra. Drepanon Pr. may therefore be identified with Sütlüce, Boukolos Collis is its highest point, and Auleon Sinus is the small gulf at Hasköy. The intervening places remain unidentifiable. For Constantinople and its environs (including the Bosphorus), the most significant modern studies are Janin (1964) and Eyice (1976); the latter devotes greater attention to physical remains. The most recent, and often novel, views are those of Mango (1985). Directory All place names are in Turkey Abbreviations BAIBu Bulgarski Archeologicheski Institut, Bulletin IK 26 E. Schwertheim, Die Inschriften von Kyzikos,II,Bonn,1983 IK 29 T. Corsten, Die Inschriften von Kios, Bonn, 1985 IK 32 T. Corsten, Die Inschriften von Apameia (Bithynien) und Pylai, Bonn, 1987 INik S. Şahin (ed.), Katalog der antiken Inschriften des Museums von Iznik (Nikaia), 4 vols., Bonn, 1979-87 TIB Paphlagonien K. Belke, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 9, Paphlagonien und Honorias, DenkWien 249, 1996 TIB Phrygien K. Belke and N. Mersich, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 7, Phrygien und Pisidien,DenkWien211, 1990 Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference C2 ‘Ad Statuas’ L near İnceğiz ItMiller 540 A4 Adrasteia C above Adrasteia plain RE 2 B4 Adrasteia M. R Delikli Bayir Hasluck 1909, 48 C4 Aigaionos Monu. H Kuzgun Bayir? RE Aigaion B4 Aisepos fl. Gönen Çay RE Aisepos 1; NPauly A2 Agrianes/ C/ Ergene RE 2 Erginos fl. R F4 Agrilion RL Gökçesu? INik II.1, 20 E3 Akritas Pr. See Map 53 E2 Amykos See Map 53 E2 Ancyreum Pr. See Map 53 E3 [Antigoneia] Ins. See Map 53 Apamea = Brylleion Aphnitis L. = Daskylitis L. Apollonia Ins. = Thynias Ins. D4 Apollonia ad Rhyndacum HRL Apolyont Robert 1980, 89-100; NPauly 6 Apolloniatis L. = Miletopolitis L. A3 Aproi/ RL/ Germeyan HierSyn 634.2; RE Col. Claudia Aprensis/ R/ Nova Theodosiopolis L F3 *Arbeila R W Nicomedia, near Tuzla Dörner 1941, 83-85 (no. 81) B4 Arctonnesos Ins. RL Kapu Dağ RE ῎Αρκτων νήσος Arkadioupolis = Berg(o)ule E3 Arganthoneion M. HR Samanli Daği RE ’Αργανθώνειον ὄρος B4 Artace CHR Erdek RE Artake 1 C4 Artaiouteichos C lower Rhyndakos ATL 1, 470 MAP 52 BYZANTIUM 787 Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference B4 Artake Ins. R Tavşan Adası RE 1 F2 Artanes RL Şile RE 1 F2 Artanes fl. HR RE 1 H4 Artemis L near Kilciler INik II.1.16 Artynia L. = Miletopolitis L. F4 Askania AHR region around Nicaea RE 3 E4 Askania L. RL? İznik Gölü RE ’Ασκανία λίµνη Askanios fl. = Kios fl. F3 Astacenus/ İzmit Körfezi RE Astakos 2 Olbianus Sinus F3 Astakos CHR? Baş İskele Şahin 1974, 66-70; NPauly1 C2 Astike HRL region SE from Bizye RE Astai B1 Asticus M. R?L Istranca Daği ItMiller 600 D2 Athyras HRL Büyükçekmece RE 1 C2 Athyras fl. Karasu RE 1 F4 Aureliane R 1 hour E Nicaea Dörner 1941, 43 G3 *Baradendromia R Güvemler TAM 4.1.100 D2 Barbyses fl. See Map 53 B4 Baris HR?L Gönen Hasluck 1909, 105-109 E4 Basilica Therma RL Çekirge RE Prusa, cols. 1082-83 F3 Basilinoupolis L Yalakdere? INik II.1, 4 D2 Bathynias fl. R Sazli Dere RE B3 Bathys Limen H Vathy Robert, Hell.X,129-31 E2 Bebrykes A?C? E Bosphorus RE 2 B2 ‘Beodizo’ L 9 miles NW Perinthus RE Beodizum A2 Berg(o)ule/ RL/ Lüleburgaz RE Bergule; RE Arkadiupolis 1 Arkadioupolis L D3 Besbikos Ins. HRL İmrali RE 1; Hasluck 1909, 53-54 B3 Bisanthe/ CHRL Tekirdağ RE; Robert, Hell. V, 54-55; NPauly Rhaidestos A3 ‘Bitenas’ L near İnecik RE Bedizum E4 Bithynia CHRL NW Asia Minor RE; NPauly B1 Bizye HRL Vize RE; NPauly G3 Boane/ RL Sapanca Gölü RE Βοάνη λίµνη Sunonensis L. E2 Bosphorus See Map 53 F3 ‘Brunca’ L Hereke / Yarımca? ItMiller 656 D4 Brylleion/ C/ Mudanya RE Bryllion; RE Myrleia; IK 32, 1-46; Myrleia/ HR/ NPauly Apameia 1 Apamea/ RL/ Col. Iulia Concordia R A2 Burtudizon RL 18 miles W Bergule RE D2 Byzantium See Map 53 F3 *Byzapena R Yağcılar? TAM 4.1.72 C2 Caenophrurium RL near Sinekli ItMiller 539, 589; RE Suppl. 6 Καινοφρούριον Caesarea Germanice = Helge C2 ‘Callum’ L E Selymbria RE Kallon 1 B2 Campus Serenus L Druzipara / Çorlu ItMiller 539 E3 Chalcedon See Map 53 E3 Chalkitis/ See Map 53 Demonnesos Ins. F3 Charax L Hereke RE 6 A2 [Charioupolis] Hayrabolu ItMiller 592 E4 *Charmidea R Çeltikçi IK 29.10-11 G2 Chelai HRL near Cebice RE 1 F2 *Chelaita R Şile? TAM 4.1.102 G4 ‘Chogeae’ L Medetli? INik 11-13 E2 Chrysopolis See Map 53 Claudia Aprensis = Aproi 788 MAP 52 BYZANTIUM Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference Col. Claudia Aprensis = Aproi Col. Gemella Iulia *Hadriana = Parium Col. Iulia Concordia = Brylleion D2 Constantinopolis See Map 53 Kyaneai Inss. = Symplegades Inss. B4 Cyzicus ACHRL Belkiz Kale RE Kyzikos F4 *Dabla R Ahmetler? INik II.3.116 E3 Dakibyza L Gebze RE D4 Daphnous H on Miletopolitis L. EpAnat 21, 99-102 Daphnousia Ins. = Thynias Ins. B4 Daskylitis/ CHR/ Manyas Gölü Hasluck 1909, 47; PECS Daskyleion Aphnitis L. RL? C4 Daskyleion ACHR Ergili NPauly 2 D4 Daskyleion CHR Eşkel Corsten 1988 C2 Daunion Teichos C near Eski Ereğli ATL I, 480 B3 Değirmenaltı A Sevın 1986 G3 Dekaton L 10 miles E Nicomedia Janin 1975, 80 C2 Delkon fl.