Seeking the Pleiades
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The Dunhuang Chinese Sky: a Comprehensive Study of the Oldest Known Star Atlas
25/02/09JAHH/v4 1 THE DUNHUANG CHINESE SKY: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE OLDEST KNOWN STAR ATLAS JEAN-MARC BONNET-BIDAUD Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique ,Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France E-mail: [email protected] FRANÇOISE PRADERIE Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l’Observatoire, F- 75014 Paris, France E-mail: [email protected] and SUSAN WHITFIELD The British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the star atlas included in the medieval Chinese manuscript (Or.8210/S.3326), discovered in 1907 by the archaeologist Aurel Stein at the Silk Road town of Dunhuang and now held in the British Library. Although partially studied by a few Chinese scholars, it has never been fully displayed and discussed in the Western world. This set of sky maps (12 hour angle maps in quasi-cylindrical projection and a circumpolar map in azimuthal projection), displaying the full sky visible from the Northern hemisphere, is up to now the oldest complete preserved star atlas from any civilisation. It is also the first known pictorial representation of the quasi-totality of the Chinese constellations. This paper describes the history of the physical object – a roll of thin paper drawn with ink. We analyse the stellar content of each map (1339 stars, 257 asterisms) and the texts associated with the maps. We establish the precision with which the maps are drawn (1.5 to 4° for the brightest stars) and examine the type of projections used. -
The Zodiac: Comparison of the Ancient Greek Mythology and the Popular Romanian Beliefs
THE ZODIAC: COMPARISON OF THE ANCIENT GREEK MYTHOLOGY AND THE POPULAR ROMANIAN BELIEFS DOINA IONESCU *, FLORA ROVITHIS ** , ELENI ROVITHIS-LIVANIOU *** Abstract : This paper intends to draw a comparison between the ancient Greek Mythology and the Romanian folk beliefs for the Zodiac. So, after giving general information for the Zodiac, each one of the 12 zodiac signs is described. Besides, information is given for a few astronomical subjects of special interest, together with Romanian people believe and the description of Greek myths concerning them. Thus, after a thorough examination it is realized that: a) The Greek mythology offers an explanation for the consecration of each Zodiac sign, and even if this seems hyperbolic in almost most of the cases it was a solution for things not easily understood at that time; b) All these passed to the Romanians and influenced them a lot firstly by the ancient Greeks who had built colonies in the present Romania coasts as well as via commerce, and later via the Romans, and c) The Romanian beliefs for the Zodiac is also connected to their deep Orthodox religious character, with some references also to their history. Finally, a general discussion is made and some agricultural and navigator suggestions connected to Pleiades and Hyades are referred, too. Keywords : Zodiac, Greek, mythology, tradition, religion. PROLOGUE One of their first thoughts, or questions asked, by the primitive people had possibly to do with sky and stars because, when during the night it was very dark, all these lights above had certainly arose their interest. So, many ancient civilizations observed the stars as well as their movements in the sky. -
Book Section Reprint the STRUGGLE for TROGLODYTES1
The RELICT HOMINOID INQUIRY 6:33-170 (2017) Book Section Reprint THE STRUGGLE FOR TROGLODYTES1 Boris Porshnev "I have no doubt that some fact may appear fantastic and incredible to many of my readers. For example, did anyone believe in the existence of Ethiopians before seeing any? Isn't anything seen for the first time astounding? How many things are thought possible only after they have been achieved?" (Pliny, Natural History of Animals, Vol. VII, 1) INTRODUCTION BERNARD HEUVELMANS Doctor in Zoological Sciences How did I come to study animals, and from the study of animals known to science, how did I go on to that of still undiscovered animals, and finally, more specifically to that of unknown humans? It's a long story. For me, everything started a long time ago, so long ago that I couldn't say exactly when. Of course it happened gradually. Actually – I have said this often – one is born a zoologist, one does not become one. However, for the discipline to which I finally ended up fully devoting myself, it's different: one becomes a cryptozoologist. Let's specify right now that while Cryptozoology is, etymologically, "the science of hidden animals", it is in practice the study and research of animal species whose existence, for lack of a specimen or of sufficient anatomical fragments, has not been officially recognized. I should clarify what I mean when I say "one is born a zoologist. Such a congenital vocation would imply some genetic process, such as that which leads to a lineage of musicians or mathematicians. -
Frankfurt Pleiades Star Map 2
FRANKFURT PLEIADES STAR MAP 2 In investigating the Martian connection of the Pleiadian pattern of Frankfurt, one cannot avoid to address the origins at least in the propagation of this motif in the modern era and in all the financial powerhouses of today’s World Financial Oder. This is in part the Pleiades conspiracy as this modern version of the ‘Pleiadian Conspiracy’ started here in Frankfurt with the Rothschild dynasty by Amschel Moses Bauer, 1743. This critique is not meant to placate all those of the said family or those that work in such financial structures or businesses and specifically not those in Frankfurt. However the argument is that those behind the family apparatus are of a cabal that is connected to the allegiance of not the true GOD of the Universe, YHVH but to the false usurper Lucifer. It is Lucifer they worship and venerate as the ‘god of this world’ and is the God of Mammon according to Jesus’ assessment. According to research and especially based on The 13 Bloodlines of the Illuminati by Springmeier, the current financial domination of the world began in Frankfurt with Mayer Amschel. They were of Jewish extract but adhere more toward the Kabbalistic, Zohar, and ancient Babylonian secret mystery religion initiated by Nimrod after the Flood of Noah. The star Taygete corresponds to the Literaturahaus building. T he star Celaena corresponds to the Burgenamt Zentrales building. The star Merope corresponds to the area of the Timmitus und THE PLEIADES Hyperakusis Center. The star Alcyone corresponds to the Oper FINANCIAL DISTRICT The Bearing-Point building is Frankfurt or the Opera House. -
Optical Spectroscopic Monitoring Observations of a T Tauri Star V409 Tau
International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2019, 9, 321-334 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijaa ISSN Online: 2161-4725 ISSN Print: 2161-4717 Optical Spectroscopic Monitoring Observations of a T Tauri Star V409 Tau Hinako Akimoto, Yoichi Itoh Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory, Center for Astronomy, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan How to cite this paper: Akimoto, H. and Abstract Itoh, Y. (2019) Optical Spectroscopic Mon- itoring Observations of a T Tauri Star V409 We report the results of optical spectroscopic monitoring observations of a T Tau. International Journal of Astronomy Tauri star, V409 Tau. A previous photometric study indicated that this star and Astrophysics, 9, 321-334. experienced dimming events due to the obscuration of light from the central https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2019.93023 star with a distorted circumstellar disk. We conducted medium-resolution (R Received: July 24, 2019 ~10,000) spectroscopic observations with 2-m Nayuta telescope at Ni- Accepted: September 16, 2019 shi-Harima Astronomical Observatory. Spectra were obtained in 18 nights Published: September 19, 2019 between November 2015 and March 2016. Several absorption lines such as Ca Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and I and Li, and the Hα emission line were confirmed in the spectra. The Ic-band Scientific Research Publishing Inc. magnitudes of V409 Tau changed by approximately 1 magnitude during the This work is licensed under the Creative observation epoch. The equivalent widths of the five absorption lines are Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). roughly constant despite changes in the Ic-band magnitudes. We conclude http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ that the light variation of the star is caused by the obscuration of light from Open Access the central star with a distorted circumstellar disk, based on the relationship between the equivalent widths of the absorption lines and the Ic-band magni- tudes. -
Winter Observing Notes
Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory Winter Observing Notes Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Winter Tour of the Sky with the Naked Eye NGC 457 CASSIOPEIA eta Cas Look for Notice how the constellations 5 the ‘W’ swing around Polaris during shape the night Is Dubhe yellowish compared 2 Polaris to Merak? Dubhe 3 Merak URSA MINOR Kochab 1 Is Kochab orange Pherkad compared to Polaris? THE PLOUGH 4 Mizar Alcor Figure 1: Sketch of the northern sky in winter. North 1. On leaving the planetarium, turn around and look northwards over the roof of the building. To your right is a group of stars like the outline of a saucepan standing up on it’s handle. This is the Plough (also called the Big Dipper) and is part of the constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear. The top two stars are called the Pointers. Check with binoculars. Not all stars are white. The colour shows that Dubhe is cooler than Merak in the same way that red-hot is cooler than white-hot. 2. Use the Pointers to guide you to the left, to the next bright star. This is Polaris, the Pole (or North) Star. Note that it is not the brightest star in the sky, a common misconception. Below and to the right are two prominent but fainter stars. These are Kochab and Pherkad, the Guardians of the Pole. Look carefully and you will notice that Kochab is slightly orange when compared to Polaris. Check with binoculars. © Rob Peeling, CaDAS, 2007 version 2.0 Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Winter Polaris, Kochab and Pherkad mark the constellation Ursa Minor, the Little Bear. -
TỨ ĐẠI Vs. NGŨ HÀNH Nguyễn Quốc Bảo
LẠI ĂN TỤC NÓI PHÉT ĐŨA VÀ NGUYÊN LÍ NHỊ NGUYÊN PHẦN II: TỨ ĐẠI vs. NGŨ HÀNH Nguyễn Quốc Bảo Thou hast as chiding a nativity As fire, water, earth and heaven can make To herald thee from the womb PERICLES, Shakespeare, Pericles Prince of Tyre. Trong bài Ăn Tục Nói Phét Đũa và Nguyên lí Nhị Nguyên Phần I, có đoạn viết: … Hệ Từ Thượng Truyện viết nguồn gốc của Vũ Trụ: Vô Cực sinh Thái Cực, Thái Cực sinh Luỡng Nghi, Lưỡng Nghi sinh Tứ Tượng Ngũ Hành, Ngũ Hành sinh Bát Quái, Bát Quái là gốc của 64 quẻ Kinh dịch. … Thành thử Âm Dương đi 2 lối khác nhau, Tam Tài Ngũ Hành (Dương, với Số lẻ) và Tứ Tượng Bát Quái (Âm, với Số chẵn). … Âm Dương chuyển hóa theo chu kỳ Ngũ Hành Kim Mộc Thủy Hỏa Thổ, để quy định những quy luật tự nhiên trong xã hội loài người. Trời cao đất rộng, năm qua tháng lại, thời tiết lúc nhập Xuân ấm áp, nên rảnh rang lại xin chư vị bằng hữu cho phép nổi cơn ATNP, để mạn bàn thêm một chuyện vớ vẩn: từ văn hóa Đũa, chủng Bách Việt đã nhận thức lý luận nhị nguyên và vượt đến nguyên lí vĩnh cửu Âm Dương, rồi Âm Dương sinh Tứ Tượng Ngũ Hành. Trong khi đó, Văn hoá Phương Tây trong tiến trình phát triển, nhận thức ra khái niệm Tứ Đại (và Ngũ Đại). Nay xin so sánh Tứ Đại Hoả Địa Khí Thuỷ vs. Ngũ Hành Kim Thủy Mộc Hỏa Thổ, thử tìm hiểu xem hai Văn hóa Đông Tây trong lãnh vực này có điểm trùng hợp hay tương xứng, để có thể đi tới kết luận có một Chân Lý Toàn Năng, giống như đã thảo luận trước đây với Đũa Nguyên lí Nhị Nguyên (Xin xem Đũa phần I). -
Waterfowl in Iowa, Overview
STATE OF IOWA 1977 WATERFOWL IN IOWA By JACK W MUSGROVE Director DIVISION OF MUSEUM AND ARCHIVES STATE HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT and MARY R MUSGROVE Illustrated by MAYNARD F REECE Printed for STATE CONSERVATION COMMISSION DES MOINES, IOWA Copyright 1943 Copyright 1947 Copyright 1953 Copyright 1961 Copyright 1977 Published by the STATE OF IOWA Des Moines Fifth Edition FOREWORD Since the origin of man the migratory flight of waterfowl has fired his imagination. Undoubtedly the hungry caveman, as he watched wave after wave of ducks and geese pass overhead, felt a thrill, and his dull brain questioned, “Whither and why?” The same age - old attraction each spring and fall turns thousands of faces skyward when flocks of Canada geese fly over. In historic times Iowa was the nesting ground of countless flocks of ducks, geese, and swans. Much of the marshland that was their home has been tiled and has disappeared under the corn planter. However, this state is still the summer home of many species, and restoration of various areas is annually increasing the number. Iowa is more important as a cafeteria for the ducks on their semiannual flights than as a nesting ground, and multitudes of them stop in this state to feed and grow fat on waste grain. The interest in waterfowl may be observed each spring during the blue and snow goose flight along the Missouri River, where thousands of spectators gather to watch the flight. There are many bird study clubs in the state with large memberships, as well as hundreds of unaffiliated ornithologists who spend much of their leisure time observing birds. -
A Collection of Curricula for the STARLAB Greek Mythology Cylinder
A Collection of Curricula for the STARLAB Greek Mythology Cylinder Including: A Look at the Greek Mythology Cylinder Three Activities: Constellation Creations, Create a Myth, I'm Getting Dizzy by Gary D. Kratzer ©2008 by Science First/STARLAB, 95 Botsford Place, Buffalo, NY 14216. www.starlab.com. All rights reserved. Curriculum Guide Contents A Look at the Greek Mythology Cylinder ...................3 Leo, the Lion .....................................................9 Introduction ......................................................3 Lepus, the Hare .................................................9 Andromeda ......................................................3 Libra, the Scales ................................................9 Aquarius ..........................................................3 Lyra, the Lyre ...................................................10 Aquila, the Eagle ..............................................3 Ophuichus, Serpent Holder ..............................10 Aries, the Ram ..................................................3 Orion, the Hunter ............................................10 Auriga .............................................................4 Pegasus, the Winged Horse..............................11 Bootes ..............................................................4 Perseus, the Champion .....................................11 Cancer, the Crab ..............................................4 Phoenix ..........................................................11 Canis Major, the Big Dog -
Why Are There Seven Sisters?
Why are there Seven Sisters? Ray P. Norris1,2 & Barnaby R. M. Norris3,4,5 1 Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW 1797, Australia 2 CSIRO Astronomy & Space Science, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia 3 Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, Physics Road, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 4 Sydney Astrophotonic Instrumentation Laboratories, Physics Road, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 5 AAO-USyd, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Abstract of six stars arranged symmetrically around a seventh, and is There are two puzzles surrounding the therefore probably symbolic rather than a literal picture of Pleiades, or Seven Sisters. First, why are the Pleiades. the mythological stories surrounding them, In Greek mythology, the Seven Sisters are named after typically involving seven young girls be- the Pleiades, who were the daughters of Atlas and Pleione. ing chased by a man associated with the Their father, Atlas, was forced to hold up the sky, and was constellation Orion, so similar in vastly sep- therefore unable to protect his daughters. But to save them arated cultures, such as the Australian Abo- from being raped by Orion the hunter, Zeus transformed them riginal cultures and Greek mythology? Sec- into stars. Orion was the son of Poseidon, the King of the sea, ond, why do most cultures call them “Seven and a Cretan princess. Orion first appears in ancient Greek Sisters" even though most people with good calendars (e.g. Planeaux , 2006), but by the late eighth to eyesight see only six stars? Here we show that both these puzzles may be explained by early seventh centuries BC, he is said to be making unwanted a combination of the great antiquity of the advances on the Pleiades (Hesiod, Works and Days, 618-623). -
Mecoptera: Meropeidae): Simply Dull Or Just Inscrutable?
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 8-24-2007 Etymology of the earwigfly, Merope tuber Newman (Mecoptera: Meropeidae): Simply dull or just inscrutable? Louis A. Somma University of Florida, [email protected] James C. Dunford University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Somma, Louis A. and Dunford, James C., "Etymology of the earwigfly, Merope tuber Newman (Mecoptera: Meropeidae): Simply dull or just inscrutable?" (2007). Insecta Mundi. 65. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/65 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0013 Etymology of the earwigfly, Merope tuber Newman (Mecoptera: Meropeidae): Simply dull or just inscrutable? Louis A. Somma Department of Zoology PO Box 118525 University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-8525 [email protected] James C. Dunford Department of Entomology and Nematology PO Box 110620, IFAS University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 [email protected] Date of Issue: August 24, 2007 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Louis A. Somma and James C. Dunford Etymology of the earwigfly, Merope tuber Newman (Mecoptera: Meropeidae): Simply dull or just inscrutable? Insecta Mundi 0013: 1-5 Published in 2007 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32604-7100 U. -
CELESTIAL CHURCH of the COSMOS 1 the Purpose of This Chart Is to Approximate the Celestial Correlation Between the 7 Churches of Asia and the Pleiades in Taurus
CELESTIAL CHURCH OF THE COSMOS 1 The purpose of this chart is to approximate the celestial correlation between the 7 Churches of Asia and the Pleiades in Taurus. The Zodiac or Mazzaroth will be plotted onto the Earth geographically to suggest that the Taurus-Orion constellations in the Heavenlies amazingly reflect the topographical configuration of Greece as Orion and Turkey as Taurus and its locality on Earth. The precise ancient locations to the 7 Churches of Asia correlate as the Hyades of Taurus. Amazingly, the Taurus Mountains thus correspond in relative distance as are the Pleiades in modern day Turkey to the Hyades of Taurus. The constellation Taurus with Pleiades mirrors its opposite geographic position with Pleiades as the 7 Churches adjacent the Taurus Mountains of Turkey. They are distanced apart in a similar pattern from the Taurus Mountains opposite their positions as are the Pleiades from the Head of Taurus. The 7 Churches of Asia from the book of Revelation are geographically in a 'V” shape like the horns of a Bull. This region is called the Hyades and is considered also a pyramid with the Church of Pergamum as the ‘capstone’. This was the ancient ‘Seat or Throne of Satan’. The Witness of the Stars The 12 constellations in the Heavens can be mapped out on Earth as they mirror their positions with key geographic latitudes and longitudes. Symbols and numbers play a significant role in all things spirituality as YHVH is the author of mathematics and design. Each Zodiac symbol has a meaning ascribed to the redemptive work of Christ.