Studia Humana Volume 8:2 (2019), pp. 55—68 DOI: 10.2478/sh-2019-0018 Practical Rationality – its Nature and Operation Andrzej Niemczuk University of Rzeszów, Rejtana 16c Av., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland e-mail:
[email protected] Abstract: The article presents a proposal of explanation what practical rationality is, how it works and what are its criteria. In order to define practical rationality, the author starts from the general characteristics of reason, and then in the realm or reason activity distinguishes practical rationality from theoretical rationality. The necessary conditions of practical rationality are presented, as well as its standing between freedom and values. Next, the sources and nature of practical reasons are characterized, as well as their relation to values and desires. The problem of practical syllogism is briefly commented on. In the final part of the article the author proposes five criteria of practical rationality. Keywords: practical rationality, reason, practical reasons, criteria of rationality, practical syllogism, freedom, values. 1. General Remarks on the Concept of Rationality The typologies of rationality proposed in the literature on the subject are too varied to comment on them in detail in the present article. The differences between them vividly come to light when relevant works by Ryszard Kleszcz, Mieszko Tałasiewicz, Józef Życiński, Ryszard Szarfenberg and other authors are compared [3], [16], [17], [18], [14], [7]. Differentiated types are usually created by adding a domain adjective to the notion of rationality (e.g. epistemic, methodological, ontological, pragmatic rationality etc.), or a noun defining a field of thinking (e.g. rationality of science, politics, common thinking, decision, economic choice, etc.).