2010 PV in Australia Report (Pdf)
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PV IN AUSTRALIA 2010 Prepared for the International Energy Agency Cooperative Programme on PV Power Systems by Australian PV Association May 2011 AUTHORS: Dr Muriel Watt & Dr Robert Passey, IT Power (Australia) Warwick Johnston, SunWiz With support from June, 2011 Australian National Photovoltaics Status Report 2010 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY CO-OPERATIVE PROGRAMME ON PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS Task 1 Exchange and dissemination of information on PV power systems National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Australia, 2010 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS This report is prepared on behalf of and with considerable input from members of the Australian PV Association (APVA) and the wider Australian PV sector. The objective of the APVA is to encourage participation of Australian organisations in PV industry development, policy analysis, standards and accreditation, advocacy and collaborative research and development projects concerning solar photovoltaic electricity. APVA provides: Up to date information on PV developments around the world (research, product development, policy, marketing strategies) as well as issues arising. A network of PV industry, government and researchers which undertake local and international PV projects, with associated shared knowledge and understanding. Australian input to PV guidelines and standards development. Management of Australian participation in IEA-PVPS, including: PV Information Exchange and Dissemination; PV Hybrid Systems within Mini-grids High Penetration PV in Electricity Grids. The Association receives funding from the Australian Solar Institute, to assist with the costs of IEA PVPS membership, Task activities and preparation of this report. COPYRIGHT This report is copyright of the Australian PV Association. The information contained therein may freely be used but all such use should cite the source as “Australian PV Survey Report 2010, APVA, May, 2011”. ii June, 2011 Australian National Photovoltaics Status Report 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGEMENTS .................................................................................................ii Definitions, Symbols and Abbreviations........................................................................v Foreword...................................................................................................................viii Introduction ..............................................................................................................ix Executive Summary....................................................................................................1 Installed PV power ..........................................................................................1 Costs & prices .................................................................................................1 PV production .................................................................................................1 Budgets for PV ................................................................................................1 1 The implementation of PV systems ...................................................................2 1.1 Applications of photovoltaics..................................................................2 1.2 Total photovoltaic power installed ..........................................................2 1.3 PV implementation highlights, major projects, demonstration and field test programmes......................................................................................7 1.3.1 The Renewable Energy Target.....................................................7 1.3.2 Solar Homes and Communities Plan (SHCP)..................................8 1.3.3 State and Territory Feed-in Tariffs ...............................................9 1.3.4 Solar Cities ................................................................................10 1.3.5 Solar Schools .............................................................................11 1.3.6 Solar Flagships...........................................................................12 1.3.7 Bushlight ...................................................................................13 1.3.8 Renewable Remote Power Generation Program (RRPGP) ...............13 1.3.9 Northern Territory PV Programs...................................................13 1.3.10 Tasmanian PV Programs .............................................................16 1.3.11 South Australian PV Programs .....................................................15 1.3.12 Victorian Government Solar Hubs Program ...................................16 1.3.13 Western Australian PV Programs..................................................16 1.4 Highlights of R&D .................................................................................16 1.4.1 The Australian Solar Institute (ASI)..............................................16 1.4.2 The Australian Centre for Renewable Energy (ACRE) .....................17 1.4.3 Australian National University ......................................................17 1.4.4 Murdoch University.....................................................................18 1.4.5 The University of Queensland (UQ)..............................................19 1.4.6 University of New South Wales (UNSW) .......................................20 iii June, 2011 Australian National Photovoltaics Status Report 2010 1.4.7 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)............................................................................21 1.4.8 Victorian Organic Solar Cell Consortium (VICOSC) .........................22 1.5 Public budgets for market stimulation, demonstration / field test programmes and R&D......................................................................................23 2 Industry and growth........................................................................................25 2.1 Production of photovoltaic cells and modules...........................................25 2.1.1 Local manufacture......................................................................25 2.1.2 Exports......................................................................................25 2.2 Module prices .......................................................................................25 2.3 Manufacturers and suppliers of other components ...................................26 2.3.1 PV inverters ...............................................................................26 2.3.1 Storage batteries........................................................................26 2.3.2 Battery charge controllers and DC switchgear ...............................26 2.3.3 Supporting structures .................................................................26 2.4 System prices .......................................................................................26 2.5 Labour places .......................................................................................27 2.6 Business value......................................................................................28 3 Framework for deployment (Non-technical factors).............................................29 3.1 Description of changes to support measures in 2010................................30 3.1.1 The Renewable Energy Target.....................................................30 3.1.2 State and Territory Feed-in Tariffs ...............................................30 3.2 Indirect policy issues.............................................................................30 3.2.1 International policies affecting the use of PV Power Systems..........30 3.2.2 Taxation Measures .....................................................................31 3.3 Interest from electricity utility businesses................................................31 3.3.1 Solar Cities ................................................................................31 3.3.2 Smart Grid/Smart City Program ...................................................31 3.4 Standards and codes.............................................................................32 3.4.1 AS/NZS 4509 - Stand-alone power systems ..................................32 3.4.2 AS/NZS 5033 – Installation of PV arrays.......................................32 3.4.3 AS 4777 – Grid connection of energy systems via inverters ............32 3.4.4 AS/NZS 3000 – Wiring Rules .......................................................33 3.4.5 New Signs .................................................................................33 4 Highlights and prospects ..................................................................................34 Annex A: Country information .....................................................................................35 iv June, 2011 Australian National Photovoltaics Status Report 2010 DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS For the purposes of this and all IEA PVPS National Survey Reports, the following definitions apply: PV power system market: The market for all nationally installed (terrestrial) PV applications with a PV power capacity of 40 W or more. Installed PV power: Power delivered by a PV module or a PV array under standard test conditions (STC) – irradiance of 1 000 W/m2, cell junction temperature of 25oC, AM 1,5 solar spectrum – (also see ‘Rated power’). Rated power: Amount of power produced by a PV module or array under STC, written as W. PV system: Set of interconnected elements such as PV modules, inverters that convert d.c. current