July 2018 a Window to the Nation a Welcome to the World Vol

中国画报 July 2018 A Window to the Nation A Welcome to the World Vol. 841

Shenzhen 40 Years Up

国内零售价： 10元 12-13 52-55 70-73 USA $5.10 UK ₤3.20 Australia $9.10 Europe €5.20 SCO Qingdao Brave New Beautiful Canada $7.80 Turkey TL.10.00 Summit: World of Ancient Things Cooperation for Chinese in the Palace 2-903 CN11-1429/Z the Future Sci-Fi Museum 邮发代号

可栽绕已种地塞达树木寒来球罕沙赤坝按半个多世纪，暑地道机往，变林海，荒牢记使命械林三场原成代人的森林覆盖率绿洲。耕耘。 80%

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1 米株距排开，艰苦创业 12 圈。

绿色发展

Saihanba is a cold alpine area in northern Hebei Province bordering the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was once a barren land but is now home to 75,000 hectares of forest, thanks to the labor of generations of forestry workers in the past 55 years. Every year the forest purifies 137 million cubic meters of water and absorbs 747,000 tons of carbon dioxide. The forest produces 12 billion yuan (around US$1.8 billion) of ecological value annually, according to the Chinese Academy of Forestry. July 2O18

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Subscription and distribution agency in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan: Hong Kong Peace Book Company, Ltd. 17/F., Paramount Building, 12 Ka Yip Street, Chai Wan, Hong Kong Express Visit China Pictorial on the Internet: www.china-pictorial.com.cn 08 Trump-Kim Summit: Seeking a Sense of Security 09 Trump’s Trade War Will End American Dominance

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Now Ecology 12 SCO Qingdao Summit: Cooperation for the Future 60 Leaving Ivory in the Wild 14 Upgraded Shanghai Spirit for a Better Future 16 President Xi’s Speech at the 18th SCO Summit: Laying Foundations Society for China’s Future 64 Second-tier Cities Compete for First-class Talent 18 Expanding Financial Cooperation for More SCO Development Momentum Culture 20 Qingdao: Town of High-speed Rail 66 Time-Honored Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot 22 The Voice Behind the Voice 70 Beautiful Ancient Things in the Palace Museum Multilingual Call Center Serves the SCO Summit in Qingdao 74 Chinese Stories in Traditional Paintings

New Ideas and New Goals for a New Era 24 A New Day of Rigorous Party Governance

People 52 Brave New World of Chinese Sci-Fi 56 Blue-Collar Innovation EXPRESS | NEWS

by Chen Yehua/Xinhua

New Welcome Ceremony, New Chinese Image

June 6, Beijing: A state welcome ceremony is held by the military band and the newly established female by Chinese President Xi Jinping for Kyrgyz President honor guard procession. All these changes make Sooronbay Jeenbekov outside the east gate of the Great the ceremony more stately, more solemn and more Hall of the People before their formal talks. magnificent. To better display the new image of the country The new welcome ceremony, especially with the in the new era, some changes have been added to newly reformed Honor Guards of the PLA, evidences the welcome ceremony for foreign leaders visiting the fruitful achievements of Chinese military reforms China. Highlights include more honor guards, more led by Chinese President and Chairman of the Central trumpets playing at the ceremony, new music played Military Commission Xi Jinping.

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by Yang Lei/Xinhua

Chinese Brands at Russia World Cup

June 14, Moscow: A Chinese couple from Jiangxi Chinese tourists, Alibaba’s digital payment platform Province attending the 2018 FIFA World Cup excitedly Alipay is accepted by more than 4,000 merchants in poses with the mascot on the event’s opening day. the country. Although China’s national team failed to qualify For the first time, as many as seven Chinese com- for the World Cup this year, people can still feel China panies—real estate developer Wanda, home appliance throughout the event thanks to the dominating presence maker Hisense, dairy giant Mengniu, smartphone maker of Chinese brands ranging from elevators, mascots and Vivo, technology and entertainment experience com- commemorative coins to crayfish. pany Luci, menswear brand Diking and electric vehicle According to statistics, some 100,000 Chinese manufacturer Yadea—successfully bid to become fans visited Russia for the tournament. Following the official sponsors of the World Cup.

CHINA PICTORIAL 05 EXPRESS | NEWS

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Dragon Boat Race in Hainan

June 18, Lingao County, Hainan Province: People Over the 30 years of development since Hainan take part in a dragon boat race to celebrate the Dragon Province was established, maritime sports have Boat Festival, which was on June 18 this year. Dragon developed rapidly on the island, from traditional boat races with strong local traditional characteristics sailing and windsurfing to new emerging sports like are quite exciting and tend to attract many tourists from kite surfing and diving. Hainan has already become a home and abroad. water sports paradise.

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Relief from Gaokao Stress

June 8, Changsha, Hunan Province: After finishing provide a “one-way” ticket to higher education. the last section of the national college entrance Chinese Vice Premier Sun Chunlan emphasized examination, students stream out of the testing room like fairness as she inspected preparations for the exam. birds. That day, the national college entrance examination, “The gaokao is a crucial system to ensure equality in or the gaokao, ended in some places in China. education,” Sun declared. The gaokao will continue About 9.75 million students, the highest in eight to reform exam content with an emphasis on overall years, registered for this year’s examination from June 7 competency, and college enrollment will keep expanding to 8. The two-day exam is regarded by many as a critical to encourage comprehensive and individualized turning point in a student’s life due to its ability to development of students, she added.

CHINA PICTORIAL 07 EXPRESS | COMMENT

book Parallax Visions: Making Sense of Trump-Kim American-East Asian Relations, Bruce Summit Cumings, professor of the history department at the University of Chicago, Seeking a Sense of argued that the U.S.’ nuclear threat gave Security DPRK a justifiable reason to conduct its nuclear testing. For DPRK, the drive Text by staff reporter Hu Zhoumeng to develop nuclear weapons was not to use them, but as a deterrence aggravat- Only when leaders from the U.S. June 12, 2018: U.S. President Donald Trump meets ed by outside pressure. Today, DPRK with the top leader of the Democratic People’s and DPRK transform consensus has increasing demand for economic Republic of Korea Kim Jong Un in Singapore. Xinhua into concrete and concerted mea- development and improving people’s sures can this “sense” of security livelihood, so it craves for a peaceful compromise from both sides. Com- become real security. and stable environment. promise is one of the key reasons that From the perspective of the U.S., dialogue is necessary in the first place. he Trump-Kim summit on long-running sanctions and pressure The positive effects of the Trump- June 12 in Singapore broke failed to force DPRK to give up Kim summit can be attributed to both through over half a cen- developing nuclear weapons. In the parties’ willingness to compromise, tury of hostility between autumn of 2017 after DPRK complet- which allowed dialogue to be held on theT United States and the Democratic ed its sixth nuclear test, it launched an more equal footing. People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) inter-continental ballistic missile that China has always remained com- and marked the first time a sitting U.S. analysts deemed capable of reaching mitted to the denuclearization of the president met face-to-face with the top the U.S. So, the traditional model of Korean Peninsula, maintaining peace leader of DPRK over the past de- rejecting dialogue with DPRK could and stability on the peninsula and peace- cades. Despite the frequent rhetorical not guarantee American security. Even fully resolving the Korean nuclear issue exchanges last year and turbulent lead- though Trump once threatened “fire through political talks. “Achieving denu- up to the meeting, the historic summit and fury” against DPRK, he needed to clearization of the Korean Peninsula, is expected to help accelerate denu- take new strategies for opportunities to ending hostility and confrontation that clearization of the Korean Peninsula find solutions to this issue. has lasted for more than six decades, through political solutions. Even though substantial measures and seeking lasting peace and prosperity This sensational meeting aimed to were not listed on paper, the Trump- on the peninsula and in the region keep foster a sense of security. “Just land- Kim summit eased tensions on the abreast of the trends of the times, and ed—a long trip, but everybody can now Korean Peninsula for now, a win-win meet the common aspiration of the feel much safer than the day I took outcome for both countries. In their international community,” commented office,” Trump tweeted on June 13 as he joint agreement, the two parties agreed the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs went back to Washington DC. “There is to establish a “new type of DPRK-U.S. in a statement. no longer a Nuclear Threat from North relations” and build a “permanent and Hostile chess moves hurt securi- Korea.” This evidences that for any durable peace-keeping mechanism ty of both sides. Only when leaders country, security is always one of the on the Korean Peninsula,” achieve from the U.S. and DPRK strength- most pressing needs. “full denuclearization on the Korean en mutual trust, maintain dialogue Once isolated from the interna- Peninsula” and promote peace and and transform consensus into tional community, DPRK was facing prosperity. Previously, Washington concrete and concerted measures stifling sanctions imposed by the U.S. insisted on “complete, verifiable and through further negotiations can and pressure from the joint military irreversible denuclearization” while this “sense” of security become real exercises involving the U.S., Japan, and Pyongyang said it only accepted security. And only when each other’s South Korea, leaving DPRK vulner- “phased, simultaneous actions toward security demands are fully respected able to pressure from the U.S., the denuclearization.” Neither version was does a path to peace on a Korean only superpower in the world. In his written into the agreement, evidencing Peninsula emerge.

08 VOLUME 841 isolationism rather than integration. The World Economic Outlook Trump’s Trade Both China and the United States report released by the IMF in early War Will End are deeply rooted in the world econ- April projected a 3.9 percent global omy. For many other countries, they growth and a 5 percent growth for American are the largest trading partners or the trade volume in 2018. This is the largest export markets. The competi- highest estimate since 2012, but still Dominance tive industries of the two countries are significantly lower than the growth Text by Zhong Feiteng seen throughout the global industrial rates in 2007. If the additional tariffs A trade war would only urge chain. If China and the United States of the two countries take effect on China to open further and fuel suspend mutual cooperation, the schedule on July 6, the IMF will aspirations for the Belt and Road existing global production, transport surely significantly amend its April Initiative to boost Eurasia’s and sales layout would be disrupted. forecast, which will further shake the common economic development. As the two largest economies in confidence of investors everywhere. the world, responsible behavior from More bad news for the world ust when it seemed that China and the United States is crucial economy came from the dive China and the United States to the stability of the global economy. in foreign direct investment. had reached consensus on China has repeatedly stressed that it According to the World Investment J bilateral trade, the Sino-U.S. would not start a trade war but does Report 2018 published by the United trade tensions suddenly escalated. On not fear one. Trump’s remarks about Nations Conference on Trade and June 16, China decided to impose trade wars emit a certain naiveté Development (UNCTAD) in early additional duty of 25 percent on considering he seems to believe June, global foreign direct investment approximately US$50 billion worth that the United States would easily flow fell by 23 percent in 2017, and of imported products originating in win. Most major economies have the share of foreign added value the U.S., as a countermeasure against long been accustomed to accepting in global trade fell to 30 percent the Donald Trump administration’s the leadership of the United States, between 2016 and 2017. This means announcement to impose additional but when the current U.S. leader that the expansion of international tariffs on US$50 billion worth of becomes irresponsible, the prospects production and global value chains is Chinese goods the day before. This for recovery of the world economy slowing. The Trump team’s analysis is measure by the U.S. government flies diminish and countries are forced to based on 2017 data, which will seri- in the face of what was achieved in cope with a world economic interac- ously mislead U.S. decision-making. negotiations between the governments tion model dominated by short-term In a world economy powered of China and the United States. The behavior. Trump-style economic logic by industrial chains, the pattern of Trump administration is still hell-bent will only massively increase operating interaction between major economies on launching a trade war, which will costs of enterprises. cannot be altered over night. A trade lead to severe consequences. war will only urge China to open fur- Since the end of World War II, ther and fuel aspirations for the Belt no major economic power has ever and Road Initiative to boost Eurasia’s imposed a 25 percent additional tariff common economic development. An on another country, and never has a interconnected Eurasian economy will bilateral trade war reached US$100 end the era of American dominance billion so quickly. The incident more quickly. triggered global worries and a chain reaction. Many U.S. allies are closely watching Trump’s trade protectionism schemes. IMF chief Christine Lagarde The author is director and researcher of the raised warnings in early April that April 26, 2018: Workers at a Californian almonds Major Countries Relationship Research De- factory in the United States. They hope that partment of the National Institute of Interna- a Sino-U.S. trade war would force China-U.S. trade frictions can be addressed as soon tional Strategy under the Chinese Academy of the world economy to accelerate as possible. Xinhua Social Sciences.

CHINA PICTORIAL 09 SENSING CHINA

Tea for Me Text by José A. Morente Pérez The most wonderful thing about tea is not the drink itself, but everything else it brings along with it.

t is difficult to pinpoint exactly First Impressions when I started liking tea; it feels When I came to China for the first like I have always had some time, tea wasn’t on my list of things affection for it. My earliest mem- to do. I got an opportunity to study Iory is of my aunt’s country home in Chinese in Beijing thanks to a schol- Antequera in southern Spain. I remem- arship from the Confucius Institute. ber leaving home at twilight during the Right next to my university was a tea summer to pick peppermint leaves to house. I went there with some friends make Moroccan tea. We would brew it for my first cup of tea in China and at night and then chill it to enjoy cold fell in love with it. It felt like a whole the next day. I was a very active kid, new world waiting to be discovered. I so my aunt wouldn’t let me drink too didn’t know many foreigners who love The author, José A. Morente Pérez, holds a basket of tea leaves before they undergo the “rattling” process, much. Still, whenever I was home, the tea as much as I do, so inviting them a distinctive step of making Tieguanyin—a premium variety of Chinese oolong tea—in Anxi, Fujian little jar of tea would not last for more to a tea house wasn’t an option, and I Province. courtesy of the author than a couple of hours. And I was not lacked any Chinese friends because my very happy about sharing it. Chinese was not good enough. During In Spain, we don’t drink tea so reli- the year I got the chance to assist with opportunities to return to this coun- giously like they do in England. Coffee a few tea activities, during which my try. I got a job offer in Fuzhou, the is much more popular. However, passion kept increasing. I also had the capital of coastal Fujian Province in thanks to the many Arab people living chance to visit Maliandao Tea Street a southeastern China. As most people in Spain, especially in the south part of few times and tried a wide variety of do before traveling, I checked the the country, it is relatively easy to find Chinese tea. Maliandao is the biggest internet to find more about the city. Arab tea houses. And no city in Spain tea market in China, located near the It is surrounded by mountains, which is more influenced by Arab culture Beijing West Railway Station. By the attracted me almost as much as tea. than Granada, the capital city of the end of the year, I packed up my kung Little did I know about the hidden Nazarite Kingdom. There, tea shops fu tea set and several different varieties surprise waiting for me: Fuzhou is can be found all over the place. I lived of Chinese tea. Five years later, I still not only a beautiful city surrounded in the city for almost six years and think about brewing tea for my friends by gorgeous mountains, but also the frequented tea shops with friends to at the university all the time. And again, global Chinese tea capital. enjoy the drink in the beautiful atmo- I look back and see I knew nothing. Upon arriving in Fuzhou, I quickly sphere of these exotic places. I met my noticed that everybody was drinking girlfriend in a tea house. I offered her Fuzhou: Tea Capital tea, and tea tables were everywhere. a poor explanation of my fascination I left China and did not return In fact, it seemed impossible to sit at with tea: “I don’t know much, just tea for a while. Back in Spain, I actually a table or have a conversation without and herbs.” This made her laugh, so I forgot about tea a bit, somehow, but drinking tea. Moreover, people in guess it worked. But now when I look it felt like something was missing in Fujian Province are very picky about back, I think I had no idea about tea my life. China never lets go of you. the way they brew their tea, and the tea back then. Eventually, I started looking for ceremony was likely born there.

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October 20, 2017: Contestants of the “Chinese Bridge” language competition learn about Chinese tea culture with middle-school students in Kunming, capital of China’s southwestern Yunnan Province. VCG

Learning from a mentor is Chinese language skills, you can more from the mountains: China’s capital— deeply rooted in Chinese culture. easily learn about tea and its culture. Beijing. As you can imagine, it is home After moving to Fuzhou, I moved This is the most wonderful thing to millions of tea enthusiasts. One can into a shared apartment with a guy about tea—not the drink itself, but even join the Beijing Tea Club, which named Raph who happened to everything else it brings along with it. offers a unique environment to learn know as much about Chinese tea as And one thing tea has given me is love about tea and meet interesting people. any Westerner I had ever met. The and respect for China and its culture. I am eternally grateful to this organi- combination of certain factors like When you are truly connected zation not only because it enabled me me having a deep interest in Chinese with the locals, they stop regarding to meet other people fond of tea and tea, living in the world’s Chinese tea you as a foreigner, which is a difficult facilitated so many experiences to grow capital and sharing an apartment with task for a Caucasian in China. I have my love for China, but also because I a person obsessed with it created a visited many tea fields in China and felt like at home in that group. There, perfect storm for total immersion in traveled many extremely beautiful I was no longer a foreigner, which is Chinese tea and its culture. places to seek the best tea and learn the best thing that can happen to you about cultivation and processing while living abroad. A beautiful phrase From Tea to People techniques, but ultimately I discovered in Chinese reads “yuan fen.” It refers to One of the best things about this the best people more than the best tea. fate or chance bringing people togeth- hobby is that if you like Chinese tea, Tea has given me the chance to meet er, and that is what tea is all about— you end up hanging out with Chinese people and visit stunning places all bringing people together. people. As a result, your Chinese over China. So tea also reminds me of speaking skills and knowledge of the traveling. One of my favorite places to The author is a Spanish engineer who has culture increase faster. With stronger gather with people over tea is far away been living in China for the past five years.

CHINA PICTORIAL 11 NOW

SCO Qingdao Summit Cooperation for the Future Text by Zhou Xin

The SCO will foster a better future for the region and the world.

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he Shanghai Cooperation tourists from other SCO member states Organization (SCO) Qingdao made 3.62 million trips to China, up by summit attracted great atten- 11.75 percent year on year. tion from around the world. Professor B. R. Deepak from the TheT group has gone though 17 years of Center of Chinese & Southeast Asian cooperation, and its latest expansion has Studies of Jawaharlal Nehru Univer- made the summit in Qingdao a milestone sity remarked that during the devel- and fueled discussions on the future opment of the SCO, it has upheld the direction of the SCO. SCO member “Shanghai Spirit” and erected a model states are adhering to the bloc’s guiding for new international relations char- “Shanghai Spirit” of mutual trust, mutual acterized by mutual respect, justice, benefits, equality, consultation, respect for equity and win-win cooperation. The cultural diversity and pursuit of common “Shanghai Spirit” promotes construc- development, according to Kyrgyz Pres- tion of an open and inclusive Asia ident Sooronbay Jeenbekov. Participants and is conducive to regional peace and conducted comprehensive cooperation in development, economic integration areas such as security, economy and trade, and mutual trust among countries. and people-to-people exchanges, playing As for future cooperation, India has a positive, constructive role in global and wide-ranging hopes. In Professor regional issues, he added. Deepak’s opinion, the SCO has pro- Liu Jinsong, China’s ambassador to vided India with more opportunities Afghanistan, noted that as an observer to develop and a platform for coop- state, Afghanistan’s peace and stability are eration—deepening existing exchange significant to the SCO and its member and facilitating cooperation with Cen- states. He insisted that SCO member tral Asian countries. The SCO strives states place tremendous attention on to fight terrorism. Intelligence sharing problems in Afghanistan, with China and anti-terrorism drills are conducive playing an important role. Not only has to peace and stability in the region. the SCO opened more channels of diplo- India’s first trip to an SCO summit as macy for the Central Asian state, but it a full member presented a great time for has also offered an appropriate platform India to look for opportunities to work for comprehensive cooperation between jointly with countries in the region on Afghanistan and its neighbors, including economic development, regional con- China. China supports the country’s nectivity and security, remarked Sutirtho participation in activities under the frame- Patranobis from Hindustan Times. It’s

Chinese President Xi Jinping chairs the 18th work of the SCO. a new platform for India and China to Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit, Xue Yaping, director of the market- interact with each other. Their relation- held in Qingdao, Shandong Province from June 9 to 10, 2018. by Ding Lin/Xinhua ing and international cooperation depart- ship experienced rough waters last year ment under China’s Ministry of Culture because of the military standoff, but since and Tourism, said at a press conference then both countries have been working to that huge potential exists for tourism improve ties. In April, Chinese President cooperation among SCO member states. Xi Jinping and Indian Prime Minister “Tourism cooperation is already an Narendra Modi met in Wuhan for an Cooperation for the Future important part of economic coopera- informal summit. Consensus emerged tion among SCO member states, and it from that summit, and the SCO platform has proven conducive to consolidating will give these two as well as other leaders and developing good neighbor relations more opportunities to achieve progress among them,” Xue declared. In 2017, on their agreements.

CHINA PICTORIAL 13 NOW

Upgraded Shanghai Spirit for a Better Future Text by Wang Xiaoquan

The Qingdao summit has upgraded the Shanghai Spirit at a critical time following the expansion of the SCO, which will help the SCO and the world integrate into a community with a shared future.

fter adding India cooperation for win-win outcomes), The Treaty of Long-Term Good- and Pakistan as full culture concepts (equality, mutual Neighborliness, Friendship and members in 2017, the learning, dialogue and inclusiveness Cooperation between the Member Shanghai Cooperation between civilizations) and global States of the SCO reached under the OrganizationA (SCO) has been widely governance concepts featuring exten- guidelines of the Shanghai Spirit and expanded in terms of area, popu- sive consultation, joint contribution, the joint declaration issued at the SCO lation and resources, becoming a and shared benefits, which has greatly Qingdao summit will undoubtedly play globally influential organization. On enriched the connotations of the an active and important role in SCO the flipside, SCO member states now Shanghai Spirit and established clear- members overcoming their differences have starker differences in national er standards for SCO member states and boosting mutual trust. conditions, history and culture. to conduct cooperation in political, Upholding the Shanghai Spirit, Consequently, the major challenge security, economic and cultural fields. President Xi brought up specific facing all member states is integrating These new ideas, as symbols of proposals for cooperation in security, the new members into the SCO to Chinese cultural essence, are already economy, culture and international jointly set off on a historic mission. widely recognized by members of the issues under the SCO framework, The Qingdao summit upgraded SCO, evidencing that China and the addressing concerns of all SCO and enhanced the Shanghai Spirit other SCO member countries have members. Security cooperation fo- at a critical juncture following the reached higher consensus on values cuses on defense, law enforcement, expansion of the SCO and pointed and concepts. information security and fostering the direction for future development Promotion of the Shanghai Spirit peace in Afghanistan. These propos- of the SCO, making it a major mile- will enhance the cohesion, action als aim to address new challenges stone in the organization’s develop- and influence of the SCO. As devel- faced by all SCO member states. ment process. oping countries, SCO members are For economic cooperation be- In his speech at this summit, encountering similar challenges, and tween SCO members, President Xi Chinese President Xi Jinping first great potential and demand for them emphasized the docking of develop- injected the Shanghai Spirit with five to work together continue expanding. ment strategies, trade facilitation and kinds of concepts—development However, not all the member states trade balancing. He also suggested concepts (innovative, coordinated, have deep mutual trust. Unity and many measures demonstrating that green, open and inclusive develop- trust based on the Shanghai Spirit China is not pursuing maximization ment), security concepts (common, have become even more important of its own interests, but rather seeks comprehensive, cooperative and because it will determine the future to break bottlenecks hindering eco- sustainable security), cooperation development of the SCO, especially nomic and trade cooperation under concepts (open and inclusive after India and Pakistan joined in. the framework of the SCO through

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The 10th International IT-Forum with BRICS and SCO Participation opened in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia on June 5, 2018. VCG

friendship, justice and pursuing organization has developed a matur- not closed. In his speech, Xi pro- shared interests. The SCO differs ing mechanism for people-to-people posed setting up international cooper- from other regional cooperation exchange, which covers various ation partnership networks, signifying organizations thanks to its coordina- fields. In the future, the SCO needs that the organization is willing to tion of development strategies, which to utilize existing mechanisms for cooperate with other countries and reflects mutual respect for state cultural exchange and expand their international organizations worldwide sovereignty and national interests of scales. To meet the needs of other to build an “open, inclusive, clean, its member states. China proposed member countries, China will formu- and beautiful world that enjoys lasting to establish a 30 billion yuan (US$4.7 late targeted proposals for cultural peace, universal security, and com- billion) equivalent special lending exchange. For example, China will mon prosperity” in accordance with facility under the framework of the provide 3,000 training opportunities the Shanghai Spirit. The upgraded SCO Interbank Consortium. This is in human resource development for Shanghai Sprit will not only chart the a sign of China’s willingness to coop- SCO member states to relieve their course for the SCO, but also inject erate. It also evidences the common shortage of qualified professionals in new energy into the development of will of SCO members to escape the the field. Propelled by China, other the world and enable the SCO and hegemony of the U.S. dollar and member states will also take concrete the world to integrate into a commu- build a more fair and reasonable new measures to help expand scope, nity with a shared future. regional economic order. deepen cooperative levels and enlarge Cultural exchange will lay a solid the scales of cultural exchange within foundation for the strengthening of the group. The author is deputy director of the Institute mutual trust and win-win cooperation Despite operating as a regional of Belt and Road Initiative under the Chinese among SCO member states. The organization, the SCO is definitely Academy of Social Sciences.

CHINA PICTORIAL 15 NOW

President Xi’s Speech at the 18th SCO Summit Laying Foundations for China’s Future Text by Swaran Singh

The SCO Qingdao Declaration reflected consensus, confidence and commitment about various time-bound plans of action.

n June 10, 2018, at the continue to play a leading role in the expanded responsibilities in formu- 18th summit of the construction of the SCO’s commu- lating global discourses and initia- Shanghai Cooperation nity of shared future. tives. Juxtaposed with President Xi’s Organization (SCO), as What made this speech of January 2017 speech at the World OChinese President Xi Jinping handed President Xi especially noticeable Economic Forum in Davos, his over the chairmanship to Kyrgyz was that Canada on the same day words at the SCO Qingdao summit President Sooronbay Jeenbekov was hosting the industrialized na- appeared almost prophetic, forecast- and promised China’s full support tions’ G7 summit which made this ing evolving global geopolitics and in preparing the next summit, his expanding leadership vacuum all the SCO’s role in it. short but succinct opening speech the more glaring, creating grounds While photographs of these had already outlined how China will for SCO nations to accept their two leadership huddles showed the SCO summit full of enthusiasm and bonhomie, the body language of G7 June 8, 2018: A booth for reading materials at the media center for the SCO Qingdao summit. VCG leaders betrayed their anguish and anxieties. Most G7 nations blamed it on President Trump’s whimsical policies towards his allies, the most recent being his arbitrary raising of trade tariffs. Refusing to sign on their joint communique, Trump had called host Canada’s Prime Minister Justin Trudeau “dishonest and weak.” The Qingdao Declaration, on the other hand, reflected consensus, confidence and commitment about various time- bound plans of action. Meanwhile, China hosting dozens of SCO meetings and its summit this year has further cemented President Xi’s credibility as a global leader in ensuring equitable, free and open trade for

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A bird’s-eye view of the fully automated container terminal at the port of Qingdao, in eastern China's Shandong Province. Xinhua

shared prosperity. building. China will train 2,000 law guiding Shanghai Spirit inculcating Xi’s Qingdao speech included enforcement officers of SCO nations respect for cultural diversity where three broad themes: in next three years. For forging closer mutual learning will help it over- First, his message was clear that people-to-people ties for building the come the sinister “clash of civiliza- the time is up for any “self-centered, SCO family in sectors of education, tions” theory. Xi said democracy in shortsighted and close-door poli- science and technology, culture, tour- international relations has become cies” which left no doubt that it was ism, health, disaster relief and media, an unstoppable trend of the directed at President Trump’s recent Xi offered to provide 3,000 training times. This is where he called for protectionist policies. He underlined opportunities of human resources upholding what he called “innova- the need to “reject Cold War mental- development for SCO member coun- tive, coordinated, green, open and ity and confrontation between blocs tries. For supporting development inclusive development” as key to and oppose the practice of seeking projects, Xi announced the setting up ensuring “common, comprehensive, absolute security on oneself at the of a RMB 30 billion special lending cooperative and sustainable securi- expense of others.” Vibrations of facility within the framework of the ty.” Xi’s Qingdao speech outlined this message were felt worldwide as SCO Interbank Consortium. Also, on his broad vision for future and how the contrast was clear between the the Belt and Road Initiative that he the SCO could emerge as a model exclusive nature of G7 and the inclu- put forward, Xi underlined the new to reckon with. sive approach of the SCO. thinking of “delivering shared bene- Second, Xi outlined several fits through extensive consultations The author is a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru generous offers that will keep China and joint contribution.” University, New Delhi and senior fellow at the integral to the SCO community Finally, Xi talked of the SCO’s Charhar Institute, Beijing.

CHINA PICTORIAL 17 NOW

Expanding Financial Cooperation for More SCO Development Momentum

Text by Xu Wenhong

In the long run, the financial sector will be a crucial area for current and future cooperation of SCO member states.

fter nearly 20 years the addition of India and Pakistan to prevent potential crises, fostering of development, the to the SCO, investment cooperation cooperation in reforming the new Shanghai Cooperation between China and other SCO international financial order, and Organization (SCO) member states in tourism, culture strengthening the cohesion and hasA become a regional organization and finance has spiked and become a solidarity of the SCO. covering the most area and the long-lasting development trend. greatest population in the world. Strengthening financial cooper- Pragmatic Cooperation in In the long run, the financial sector ation is tremendously significant to Currency Exchange will be a crucial area for cooperation the development of the SCO for a Promoting local-currency among SCO member states. variety of reasons. settlement and currency exchange is At the recently concluded SCO First, it is an inevitable trend to an important facet of SCO financial Qingdao summit, participating promote SCO economic and trade cooperation. countries fully tapped into the cooperation and deepen regional Trade between SCO member potential of the existing SCO economic transformation, upgrading states is large-scale and frequent. To cooperation mechanisms such as the and integration. reduce transaction costs and avoid SCO Inter-bank Consortium and the Second, it will play an important risk, member states have been engaged SCO Development Fund by further role in promoting the implementation in several rounds of consultation to deepening cooperation. By expanding of the Belt and Road Initiative strengthen usage of financial instru- the scope of local-currency proposed by China. ments, improve financial cooperation settlement, carrying out pragmatic Third, promoting local-currency and help bank card clearing institutions currency swap cooperation, learning settlement cooperation between SCO and payment agencies carry out from each other about establishing member states can effectively hedge cross-border business. international financial centers, and exchange rate risk and promote the In recent years, the People’s strengthening cooperation in fighting RMB’s global status. Bank of China has signed bilateral money laundering and terrorism Fourth, SCO member countries local-currency swap agreements with financing, they have made positive should help and learn from each other several countries and regions under progress in maintaining regional about combating money laundering the SCO framework including Russia, financial stability and improving the and terrorism financing, establishing Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and other new international financial order. regional international financial neighboring countries. centers and jointly promoting regional In August 2002, local-currency Financial Cooperation economic and financial development. settlement business was first launched Necessary Fifth, it is conducive to maintain- in bilateral trade between China With the expansion of ing stability of the financial sector and Russia. By 2009, transaction development of trade and investment across the entire region, promoting volume had increased 67 times over. relations between member states and coordinated and consistent policy China has also carried out direct or

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reducing the impact of the financial crisis to the regional economy and maintaining financial stability in the region and even the world has become increasingly important for SCO financial institutions. Organizations including the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, BRICS New Development Bank and SCO Development Bank A stone tablet in front of the headquarters of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in Beijing. will use currency swap and other Founded in 2016, AIIB is the world’s first multilateral financial institution established under the proposal of China. by Li Xin/Xinhua innovative financial instruments to enhance the development of regional registered currency transactions with capital flows, integrate into the inter- transport, trade and investment Kazakhstan and other countries to national financial system and intensify facilitation while coordinating facilitate its trade and investment the fight against money laundering national development strategies of cooperation with those countries. and terrorism financing, EAG has member countries. During the SCO Qingdao become an important platform for Considering the trend summit, participants discussed non-traditional security cooperation of globalization and regional further promoting local-currency within the SCO framework. economic integration, the SCO, as settlement in bilateral trade as well as During the SCO Qingdao an international organization of how to gradually expand it to general summit, participants also discussed developing countries, will see greater trade and non-trade areas. how to strengthen cooperation in opportunities as well as challenges in establishing international financial the future and has already shouldered Fighting Money Laundering centers in the region. The Chinese important responsibilities in and Terrorism Financing government has explicitly promoting global economic growth, Combating terrorism is an proposed making Shanghai into an financial stability, trade reform and important duty and mission of the international financial hub by 2020 to financial regulation formulation. SCO. Strengthening cooperation in match China’s economic strength and Therefore, further cooperation fighting money laundering and ter- the RMB’s global status. between member states is needed rorism financing is another important Russia’s Moscow and to establish a healthier international sector for financial cooperation Kazakhstan’s Astana have also economic and financial order. among SCO member states. desired to become international At the SCO Qingdao summit, On October 6, 2004, the financial centers. In addition, under the guidance of the “Shanghai Eurasian Group on Combating Pakistan’s Karachi and India’s Spirit,” participating countries Money Laundering and Financing Mumbai both intend to expand the examined dual channels of security and of Terrorism (EAG) was launched current construction of international economic cooperation while crafting in Moscow by China, Russia, financial centers. During the process, a new model of regional cooperation Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and countries in the region could learn and a community with shared future. Kyrgyzstan. from each other and provide greater For the long run, financial cooperation Subsequently, Uzbekistan, support for development of the under the SCO framework will Turkmenistan and India also joined regional economy. inject continuous momentum for the the group. Observer status has development of the organization. been granted to 15 countries and 20 Improving the New international organizations. International Financial Order With aims to reduce the threat Alongside the development The author is deputy secretary-general of the of international terrorism, ensure and expansion of the SCO, Center for Belt and Road Initiative Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. transparency, reliability and security of greater cooperation in preventing and

CHINA PICTORIAL 19 NOW

The Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) assembly workshop of CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. in Qingdao City, Shandong Province. The city provides about 60 percent of China’s EMU trains that are put into operation every year. QINGDAO Town of High-speed Rail Text by Liu Haile Photographs by Xu Xun

Riding the tide of the SCO cooperation mechanism, Qingdao’s high-speed rail industry will definitely see a bright future by cooperating with countries around the world.

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ith the help of a computer, several technicians are debugging a “Fuxing” electricW multiple unit (EMU) train at the assembly workshop of CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. Known as the newest model of China’s high- speed bullet trains, Fuxing EMUs travel at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, with top speeds hitting the 400-kilometer mark. “Averagely, 22 EMU trains roll Technicians debug a “Fuxing” EMU train at the assembly workshop of CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. in Qingdao off our assembly line every month,” City, Shandong Province. said Zhang Fangtao, chief designer of the Fuxing EMU in the company. According to him, the research CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. and established overseas R&D centers in on Fuxing EMUs began in 2012. Bombardier Inc. The city provides countries like Germany and Thailand, After numerous tests in a few years about 60 percent of the country’s in a bid to build a global innovation that followed, it was first put into EMU trains that are put into system. operation on the Beijing-Shanghai operation every year, as well as 20 “Innovation is the key to the Railway in June 2017. percent of light-rail trains. ‘golden gate’ of high-speed rail,” said “A lot of innovations have Ahmed Zidan from Jordan was Liang Jianying, chief engineer of been made to improve the Fuxing deeply impressed when he visited the CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. The train’s reliability and safety,” Zhang EMU assembly workshop of CRRC company has joined hands with 15 noted. “Compared to the previous Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. “I’ve stayed enterprises, universities and research generations, the windshield of the in China for nine years and taken institutions to launch the research of operator’s cabin becomes larger high-speed trains many times,” he high-speed maglev trains that can run with the increase in designed speed. said. “Indeed, China has developed 600 kilometers per hour. Moreover, it is further reinforced very fast over the years.” Liang said that the research to resist bird strikes or hits by small One factor driving the country’s of maglev trains with a speed of stones.” rapid development is technological 600 kilometers per hour is vital In June, Qingdao, the host innovation. As a leading manufactur- to improving China’s high-speed city of the 2018 summit of the er of bullet trains, CRRC Qingdao transportation network and further Shanghai Cooperation Organization Sifang Co., Ltd. has established a sharpening the country’s edge in the (SCO), became a center of attention national EMU engineering research field of rail transportation. worldwide. Before that, the coastal center and a national key laboratory Upholding the Shanghai Spirit of city had already gained fame as a of high-speed rail system integration, mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, cradle of high-speed rail, one of and cultivated more than 2,000 consultation, respect for cultural China’s “four great new inventions.” technicians. diversity and pursuit of common In September 2017, China’s Taking the construction of the development, the SCO summit held National Technology Innovation Belt and Road as an opportunity, in the coastal city of Qingdao is Center for High-speed Trains was the Qingdao-based company has expected to consolidate a community set up in Qingdao, injecting more gone further to introduce its high- with a shared future for humanity. impetus into the city’s high-speed speed train products to more Riding this tide, Qingdao’s high- rail industry. Currently, Qingdao countries, including the United speed rail industry will definitely see is home to more than 120 key rail States, Singapore, Indonesia, and Sri a bright future by cooperating with transportation enterprises, including Lanka. In addition, the company has countries around the world.

CHINA PICTORIAL 21 NOW

Global Tone Communication Technology Co., Ltd. (GTCOM), the official language services provider for the SCO summit in Qingdao, is utilizing big data technology to support its translation and The Voice Behind interpretation services. the Voice Multilingual Call Center Serves the SCO Summit in Qingdao

Text and photographs by Liu Haile

It was interpreters, whether on-site or remote, who helped make the voice of participants at the SCO Qingdao summit heard by more.

n June 8, just one day Co., Ltd. (GTCOM), the official before the 18th Meeting language services provider for the of the Council of Heads SCO Qingdao summit. of Member States of the The summit gathered guests OShanghai Cooperation Organization from SCO member states such as (SCO) commenced in Qingdao, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, a coastal city in China’s eastern Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Shandong Province, Zhang Chen, a Uzbekistan and observer countries volunteer from Qingdao University including Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran of Science and Technology, demon- and Mongolia. Language services strated to reporters at the summit’s were vital for them to cross language media center how a white multilingual barriers and communicate better with handset works. each other during the summit. “This equipment is called YeeBox, According to Wang Xiaodong, with which users can translate their vice president of GTCOM, more voice into six languages including than 200 sets of such equipment have English, Russian, Mongolian, Persian been deployed at places like railway and Hindi,” she grinned. “All one needs station, airport, customs, and venues is to press a button, and the gadget can for the SCO summit. “If necessary, connect to a multilingual call center, more YeeBoxes will be deployed where interpreters translate real-time to provide real-time interpretation what the user said into any of the six services,” he added. Besides the languages he or she chose.” YeeBox, they also provided a kind of The YeeBox and the multilingual AI-based translation machine that can call center are provided by Global automatically provide interpretation Interpreters work at the multilingual call center for the SCO summit, located at Qingdao Hi-tech Industrial Tone Communication Technology services in 35 languages. Development Zone.

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At the multilingual call center three shifts around the clock. Currently, spread of terrorism, from populism for the SCO summit that is located we handle hundreds of calls daily, and to unilateralism, and must advance at the Qingdao Hi-tech Industrial the number is expected to rocket when economic globalization and improve Development Zone, dozens of inter- the two-day summit begins.” global governance to benefit all. To preters were busy answering calls that The SCO Qingdao summit, this end, many representatives at the poured in via the YeeBox. “We have which ran from June 9 to 10, oc- event voiced their support for closer about 200 interpreters working for the curred at a time when the world partnership under the SCO frame- SCO summit at the call center,” Wang is in need of concerted action to work. It was interpreters, whether said. “Some of them are teachers from address challenges and threats rang- on-site or remote, who helped make colleges and universities. They work in ing from regional conflicts to the their voice heard by more.

CHINA PICTORIAL 23 New Ideas and New Goals for a New Era

A New Day of Rigorous Party Governance Text by Qi Weiping

Improving Party conduct is an important facet of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

September 22, 2017: A Party member from Huainan City, Anhui Province visits an exhibition about building a clean and honest government, which aims to help Party members improve ability to fight corruption and prevent degeneration. VCG

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i Jinping Thought on era. This is an important develop- Socialism with Chinese ment culminating from the historic Characteristics for a achievements and historic changes New Era was developed of the past five years. The Party Xamid the remarkable development of with Xi at its core has demonstrated the country since the 18th National tremendous political courage and a Congress of the Communist Party great sense of mission. It has solved of China (CPC). Comprehensive many tough problems that were long October 19, 2017: At the press center of the 19th and rigorous governance over the on the agenda but never resolved, National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Yang Xiaodu, head of the National Bureau of Party has been warmly welcomed by and accomplished many things that Corruption Prevention under the State Council, and the people. And the drive to build were wanted but never got done. Qi Yu, deputy head of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, introduce the work on a clean and honest government has Also, full and rigorous governance Party building and full and vigorous governance over the Party, attracting many journalists from home and achieved historic success. According over the Party resulted in highly abroad. Xinhua to the 18th CPC National Congress, increased efficiency. strict governance over the Party is a necessary requirement for the Party to Improving Party Conduct in the governance over the Party. The task uphold its historic mission, respond New Era in the early days of reform was to to the people’s needs and solve prob- Improving Party conduct has arrange order out of chaos, and the lems head-on. been an eternal theme of Party mission has since evolved into a drive Xi Jinping, general secretary of building. Along the 97 years to strengthen the right and eliminate the CPC Central Committee, has of development of the CPC, the wrong, both of which require always emphasized strict governance efforts to this end have produced improvement of Party conduct to over the Party. On November 15, some of the greatest successes seize the spirit of the times. 2012 at a press conference held by and achievements of the Party At the first collective study of members of the Standing Committee during the process of the Chinese the Political Bureau of the 18th of the Political Bureau of the 18th revolution, construction and CPC Central Committee, General CPC Central Committee, Xi de- reform. And the CPC has closely Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that it clared, “Our responsibility is to work linked the importance of improving has always been the CPC’s consistent with all the comrades in the Party to Party conduct to the Party’s cause. and clear political position to uphold the principle that the Party Party building is a journey to combat corruption, promote should supervise its own conduct which there is no end. Different eras political integrity and keep the Party and run itself with strict discipline, call for different tactics to improve healthy, and that building a fine effectively solve major problems in Party conduct. Before the reform Party culture and a corruption-free the Party, improve our conduct and and opening-up period, the long- Party is a major political issue of maintain close ties with the people. term “left-leaning” mistakes and the great concern to the people. By so doing, we will ensure that ten-year “cultural revolution” (1966- Since its 18th National Congress, our Party will remain at the core of 1976) decimated the caliber of Party the CPC has launched various activi- leadership in advancing the cause conduct, so in its wake, this mission ties to inspire Party members to walk of socialism with Chinese charac- has remained a problem threatening the straight and narrow and maintain teristics.” This statement years ago the survival of the Party. a strict stance against the practice evidences that since the early days of However, since the 18th CPC of formalities for formalities’ sake, his leadership, strict governance over National Congress, by focusing on unnecessary bureaucracy, hedonism the Party has been the focus. persisting Party conduct issues during and extravagance. Through great The report to the 19th CPC the development of socialism with efforts, it overcame the difficulties National Congress included crucial Chinese characteristics, the CPC has in establishing comprehensive and political decisions such as the con- enhanced its tactics for improving strict governance over the Party and clusion that socialism with Chinese the conduct of Party members and improving the conduct of Party characteristics has entered a new promoting comprehensive and strict members. Improving Party conduct is

CHINA PICTORIAL 25 New Ideas and New Goals for a New Era

Officials from the Discipline Inspection and Supervisory Commission of Luoyuan County in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, talk to local villagers. Xinhua a highlight of the CPC’s work in Strengthening Party rules excellent conduct. the new era. and enforcement of regulations Xi has elaborated that as a guarantees better conduct of Party ruling party guided by Marxism, Focus, System and Guarantees members. While exercising strict the CPC should not only be guided Improving the conduct of self-governance on all aspects of the by the great power of truth, but principal Party members and Party, the CPC combines strength- also conduct itself with the utmost officials is crucial. As role models of ening rules and regulations with moral quality. The power of truth is the Party, principal Party members improving conduct, turning the page manifested by the correct theory of and officials influence the conduct on a new chapter for Party building. the Party, and the power of moral of the whole Party. Xi stressed on Xi once stressed that the Party should quality is displayed through excellent correcting the critical minority of seriously implement comprehensive conduct. The CPC should combine top cadres and ensuring high-quality measures for improving conduct, that rule-based Party governance with cadres at all levels. To meet the all regulations should be followed, ruling by virtue. Regulations and necessary standards, they should and that all those who disobey the punishment should be emphasized, not only be firm in political and rules should be punished. He also and Party members should be guided theoretical conviction, but also noted that deepening reform should by strong beliefs and sound morals demonstrate excellent conduct. provide long-term guarantees for to enhance the noble character and

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integrity of Party members in the eyes of the public.

New Era, New Calls Practice has always been carried out under specific historical conditions. The CPC’s emphasis on improving Party conduct in the new era has distinct characteristics of the times. First, it firmly grasped a people-centered political stance by improving Party conduct. Improving Party conduct keeps the Party healthy. But the significance of strengthening Party conduct is not limited to the Party itself. Party conduct directly affects the people, and a people-centered philosophy should be the emphasized political stance of Party members. The CPC’s conduct should be determined by its advanced nature as a Marxist party. The consistency of the interests of the Party and the people and ensuring full and strict governance over the Party require a people-centered approach. As Xi Police officers escort suspects of economic offences. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China has launched a series of international campaigns on fugitive repatriation and asset Jinping said, “We must guard against recovery including Net of Heaven Action, Fox Hunting and Red Notice. Xinhua and correct with resolve the practices the people oppose and resent.” Serving the people is an important Third, the Party is paying more demands the courage to carry out feature of Xi’s thought on strengthen- attention to top-level design to self-reform. The great social reform ing Party conduct. strengthen Party conduct. Since carried out by the Party requires the Second, the CPC is striving to the 18th CPC National Congress, courage to carry out self-reform, solve major dilemmas and problems improving Party conduct has focused face problems head-on and conduct hindering improvement of Party on addressing the “four forms of self-analysis. Chronic and persistent conduct. Since the 18th CPC National decadence,” acting in strict accor- conditions need to be addressed with Congress in November 2012, the dance with the code of Party conduct courage. Improving Party conduct in Party’s conduct has improved and new for intra-Party political life, strength- the new era requires determination accomplishments have been made ening internal oversight, improving strong enough to “leave footprints through solving problems. It has the Party’s political ecosystem, and on the road we walk and handprints diagnosed the problem, formulated resolutely correcting misconduct in on the iron we grasp” and persever- a plan and taken action to win over all forms. Xi’s thought on strength- ance in anti-corruption efforts to both Party members and the general ening Party conduct embodies the achieve final success. public with remarkable improvements distinct features of top-level design in Party conduct. Targeting existing and guides the new stage of advanc- The author is a professor at East China problems is another important feature ing Party governance in a compre- Normal University and a research fellow with of Xi’s thought on strengthening hensive way. the Shanghai Research Center of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Character- Party conduct. Fourth, improving Party conduct istics for a New Era.

CHINA PICTORIAL 27 FEATURES

Shenzhen 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up Text by Li Xia Photographs courtesy of the Publicity Department of the CPC Shenzhen Municipal Committee and the Shekou Museum of Reform and Opening unless otherwise credited

Four decades ago, a tide of philosophical emancipation swept across China, heralding the beginning of reform and opening up in the country. Chinese people shook off the chains of outdated mindsets and dogmatism to return to the practice of seeking truth from facts. They broke down the walls of the planned economy and embarked on a journey towards the embracing of the markets. The slogan “emancipate the mind” and an extensive debate leading to the conclusion that “practice is the sole criterion for testing truth” freed Chinese society from calcified ideology and propelled the country into a new era of reform and opening up.

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Besides being an economic center in southern China, Shenzhen is also a center for technological innovation, a regional financial center and a trade and logistics center. by Qiao Zhou

CHINA PICTORIAL 29 NOW

n the late 1970s, China’s reform and opening up first started in Shekou, Shenzhen, in the southern province of IGuangdong. During his inspection tour of Shenzhen in December 2012, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, pointed out that Shenzhen was the first Chinese city to launch the reform and opening up and remains the most influential and best-developed Special Economic Zone (SEZ).

Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China’s reform and opening up, designated Shekou Deng Xiaoping at the third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in as the pace car of economic December 1978. reform and opening up. Xi Zhongxun, then first secretary of the CPC Guangdong Provincial act boldly. As head of the Shekou gradually took shape, fostering the Committee, called on the prov- Industrial Zone, Yuan Geng felt like most innovative cultural and ideologi- ince to become the “first to eat he was risking his life to continue cal developments in the modern era. the crab.” Yuan Geng, founder of the reform and opening up. Such At a crucial time when doubts the Shekou Industrial Zone, felt determination and courage reflected about reform began to mount, like he was risking his life while the difficulties and obstacles that Deng Xiaoping urged officials to pressing ahead with the reform reformers faced at the time. be bolder in reform and have the process. The great courage, wis- Before 1979, China adopted a courage to experiment. “We must dom, vision and sense of respon- “big-pot” distribution system under not act like women with bound sibility of those pioneers inspired which everyone was paid evenly irre- feet, but take bold action to blaze a the passion of later generations spective of his or her performance. new trail after determining the right of reformers. In 1981, Shekou formulated the direction,” he declared. In 1978, after the conclusion slogan “time is money and efficiency The development of Nanling, of the third plenary session of the is life.” In the early 1980s when most a village comprised of some 100 11th CPC Central Committee, Xi Chinese people lacked knowledge households in Shenzhen, evidenced Zhongxun, then first secretary of about economic efficiency, the slogan that a leader’s courage and determi- the CPC Guangdong Provincial hit many ears like a “spring thunder nation are vital to eliminating poverty. Committee, and several other reform breaking shackles on the mind.” In 1974, Zhang Weiji, head of the pioneers submitted a report to the Many reform policies concerning village’s First Production Unit, was CPC Central Committee proposing new distribution systems, management doomed to one-year public criticism construction of an export-oriented systems, personnel systems, employ- for leading villagers in developing industrial and trading zone, hoping to ment systems, payment systems and side businesses. In 1979, the persim- become the “first to eat the crab” in housing systems were incubated in mons that the villagers were growing economic reform. Upon deliberating Shekou. In the process, new concepts got sold to state-owned purchasers the situation, Deng Xiaoping cre- related to competition, the market, for only 0.18 yuan per kilogram, but atively presented the idea of building contracts, information, operational their income could increase tenfold SEZs and encouraged reformers to performance and vocational ethics if they processed those persimmons

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standards to their fellow villagers. and sold them directly. However, village committee was established. operation of such a business back Zhang introduced the practice of Before China’s reform and then risked criticism as “walking a anonymous ballots to elect village opening up, Shenzhen was a non- capitalist road.” “How could social- leaders, the earliest known attempt descript, secluded town, sharply ism be superior if everyone lived in for grassroots democratic autonomy contrasting Hong Kong, a bus- poverty?” Zhang Weiji argued. in China. tling international financial center Soon after China implemented In 1984, Nanling Village became just across a river. As the country the reform and opening-up policy, the first to introduce the rural opened its doors, the people living Nanling Village applied for a loan shareholding system, and villagers in the region adjacent to Hong of 1.7 million yuan to improve the were rewarded dividends the same Kong developed wide vision and business environment of the locality year. By then, the majority of freer minds. Many went abroad with hopes of attracting foreign China’s rural areas had just begun to to experience the outside world investment. Facing pushback from implement the household contract and learn advanced science and villagers, Zhang promised that he responsibility system. technology and different cultures. alone would take responsibility for The courage and determination The reform and opening up of the debt if the village defaulted on of grassroots reformers like Zhang Shenzhen proved that openness the loan. Weiji were driven by their personal promotes progress and seclusion In 1983, four production units suffering from poverty and their leads to stagnation. in Nanling Village merged and a new aspirations to bring better living The Shekou Museum of Reform

1 2

1 A public election campaign for directors of the Shekou Indutrial Zone Co., Ltd. in 1990. CFB

2 On the afternoon of December 1, 1987, the municipal government of Shenzhen held a land usage rights auction, at which Luo Jinxing (who held the No.11 auction paddle), manager of Shenzhen Real Estate Company, successfully bid for a 8,588-square-meter land plot for residential use, with a term of 50 years.

3 Zhuyuan Hotel, the first company to carry out employment reform in Shenzhen.

CHINA PICTORIAL 31 FEATURES

SANYO Electric (Shekou) Limited, the first Japanese wholly funded enterprise in China. Migrant workers became an iconic group in Shekou, Shenzhen at that time. and Opening in Shenzhen Sea World Culture and Art Center is staging an exhibition commemorating the country’s 40 years of reform and opening up titled “The Story of Spring.” A paragraph in the introduction of the exhibition reads: “In 1978, as the debate on the criteria of truth heated up nationwide, the State Council of China sent a delegation on a foreign survey in hopes of learning from the advanced experiences of developed countries. A plan for At the Shekou Museum of Reform and Opening, visitors are attracted by recorders and television sets produced comprehensive reform and opening in Shekou during the 1990s. by Wang Lei up was taking shape. In May 1978, a delegation from the Chinese central around the world. Like a siren signal- on to build factories in their village. government, headed by Gu Mu, then ing China’s reform and opening up, After Zhang Weiji retired, his vice premier of the State Council, this move caused global attention. On son Zhang Yubiao was elected conducted a survey of five Western September 25, 1983, Shekou Harbor secretary of the Party branch of European countries. It was the first was approved by the State Council to Nanling Village. As the village was state-level governmental economic become an open national port. built into a community, he became delegation dispatched by the gov- Zhang Weiji, a farmer in Nanling its Party chief. Born in 1974, Zhang ernment of the People’s Republic of Village, realized that cooperation with Yubiao witnessed the dedication of China to developed capitalist coun- foreign investors would bring vitality his forefathers in pushing the reform tries since its founding in 1949.” to his village. In 1979, Shenzhen be- and opening up as well as Shenzhen’s Back then, conducting field gan to develop processing and com- transition from a small fishing vil- surveys, compiling useful lessons pensation trades (processing materials lage into a modern metropolis. He and introducing investment from or assembling supplied components). hatched a plan to develop Nanling as developed countries were key mea- Zhang and several villagers waited more than just a village or communi- sures taken by China to promote the outside luxury hotels in hopes of ty, but from a global perspective. reform and opening up. meeting businesspeople from Hong In January 1980, Shekou official- Kong. Eventually, they found several Four decades ago, Deng ly began soliciting investment from Hong Kong investors who would go Xiaoping declared that “poverty is

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was just five years old. About 100 zones and introduce a dozen hi-tech households in the village in Bao’an companies from both home and County relied on bank loans to carry overseas, substantially accelerating out agricultural production and lived the development of local tertiary on “resold grain” (state-purchased industry. In 1994, the Regulations on grain sold back to a grain-producing Joint-stock Companies in Shenzhen area in case of disaster) and govern- Special Economic Zone was enacted, ment relief. and Nanling Village established a In 1980, the Regulations joint-stock company. Some formerly on Special Economic Zones in collectively-owned assets of the Guangdong Province, proposed by village were transformed into private- the State Council, was approved at ly-owned shares. All villagers could the 15th meeting of the Standing earn dividends annually according to Committee of the 5th National the shares they owned. People’s Congress, heralding the Since 2015, Nanling has consid- beginning of the construction of ered equity investment substantially Shenzhen SEZ. Taking advantage of important. The village joined hands this opportunity, Nanling Village also with Tus-Holdings Co., Ltd. under merged into a fast lane of develop- Tsinghua University to establish a hi- ment. Under the leadership of Zhang tech industrial park and an investment Weiji, local villagers cooperated with fund of which Nanling Village holds investors from Hong Kong and 50 percent stake. It also invested 120 tapped into the potential of their million yuan to acquire an investment collective strength to develop man- company and another 300 million ufacturing, tourism and trade. As a yuan to establish Shenzhen’s first result, the collective economy of the venture capital fund owned by a com- village gradually boomed. munity-level joint-stock company. In 1984, Nanling became the first Zhang Yubiao has set goals of to open a village hospital adopting cultivating one or two excellent listed a cooperative medical-care system. companies controlled by Nanling not socialism.” In 2012, Xi Jinping Even migrant workers could enjoy Village Community in three years and stressed that “our mission is to free medical care in the hospital if building its own financial platform. meet the aspirations of the people they paid a medical insurance fee of He hopes to ring the bell alongside for a better life.” In the 1980s, the two yuan per month. In 1986, the villagers on the day their companies CPC Central Committee decided first industrial zone was founded are listed on the stock market. to establish the Shenzhen SEZ in Nanling, enabling the village to with hopes that Shenzhen would transform from an agricultural econ- How should people and soci- lead the country’s reform and omy into an industrial economy. By ety progress alongside rapid eco- opening up and socialist mod- the end of 1991, per capita annual nomic growth? In 2017, Shenzhen ernization and blaze a new trail dividends exceeded 10,000 yuan in formulated “six measures” to for achieving prosperity for the the village. enhance local citizens’ personal country, fostering the rejuvenation Deng Xiaoping’s speeches during quality: Enlightening the mind, of the nation and improving the his inspection tour of southern enhancing morality, observing well-being of the people. China in 1992 turned the page on the law, promoting intelligence, On May 6, 1979, more than 100 a new chapter of the country’s advocating culture and improving Nanling villagers including Zhang reform and opening up. During physical health. According to Weiji’s wife, tried to sneak into Hong this time, Zhang Weiji led Nanling the municipal government of Kong. Then, their son Zhang Yubiao villagers to build four industrial Shenzhen, the talent demanded by

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Shenzhen Cruise Center at Prince Bay in Shekou.

reform and development should rather than just financially better off. ancestral temple that was destroyed not only be proficient in cut- Most Huaide residents are from during the “cultural revolution” ting-edge technologies, but also the Pan clan. Their ancestors moved (1966-1976). Today, ancestral temple be of high cultural quality and to the area from Xingyang, Henan culture and the honor of ancestors socially civilized. Province in the late Northern Song play an important role in the adminis- The greatest wish of officials Dynasty (960-1127). The village’s tration of modern communities. in Huaide Community is to provide name “Huaide” literally means “cher- Huaide Community is exploring local residents greater spiritual assets ish memories of the morality of an- a path to modern community gover- than material wealth and to make cestors.” In the 1990s, local residents nance which would likely help en- them richer in terms of the mind raised funds to reconstruct their hance both social self-management

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lawyers, psychologists, anti-drug volunteers, senior care centers and other social organizations, the community provides sports, cultural and entertainment facilities, organizes charity activities and provides public services. This development has facilitated remarkable progress in areas like public security, neighborhood care, environmental protection, sanitation, dispute mediation and community culture. In the process, not only has the personal quality of residents been improved, but also the community’s self-management ability has enhanced as well. On the day he was elected secretary of the Party branch of Nanling A bird’s-eye view of Shennan Road in Shenzhen. Over the past 40 years, Shennan Road has witnessed the Village, Zhang Weiji promised that tremendous changes taking place in the city. villagers would have enough to eat, new houses to live in and the ability to become rich and healthier. Decades later, all of his promises have come impression that it was dirty and messy to pass. In 2015, per capita annual with a high rate of theft. Today, income surpassed 150,000 yuan and Shenzhen is a highly orderly and the village’s collectively-owned fixed hospitable metropolis. Drivers yield assets reached three billion yuan. Now, to pedestrians, and even a stranger under the leadership of current Party will be warmed by the smiles on the chief Zhang Yubiao, local residents streets. According to Wang Weizhong, want more than just material wealth, secretary of the CPC Shenzhen but human progress and development. Municipal Committee, Shenzhen is “Our village advocates the princi- a city of good Samaritans since as ples of joint contribution and shared much as 10 percent of its total popu- benefits,” Zhang Yubiao noted. lation are regular volunteers. “Every adult works, and those who During his inspection tour of only earn income from rentals don’t Guangdong Province, Xi Jinping earn much respect. We don’t long to asked Shenzhen to never cease its become rich overnight, but hunger drive to reform and opening up. The capacity and personal quality of for peace with our neighbors. Here, achievements made by Shenzhen SEZ residents. A social governance pat- people care and help each other and are representative of the tremendous tern featuring public participation, create a heavy ambiance of warmth. changes and historic achievements joint contribution and shared ben- This is the most attractive trait of realized by China since its reform and efits has taken shape in the com- Nanling Village.” opening up. The 40 years of the city’s munity. Based on an autonomous After four decades of develop- reform and opening up have proven administrative structure covering ment, Shenzhen has accumulated that emancipation of the mind and multiple levels ranging from com- enormous material assets and fos- opening are the best strategies for munity officials and neighborhood tered a healthy society. In the 1990s, China to stand up, become wealthy chiefs to residential custodians, many visitors left the city with an and maintain strength.

CHINA PICTORIAL 35 FEATURES NANLING VILLAGE Like Father, Like Son Text by Huang Liwei

Behind the development miracle of Shenzhen’s Nanling Village are struggles across two generations of local residents.

ver the past 40 years, the communicated with multiple stake- four-square-kilometer holders, the village joined hands with Nanling Village in an electronics factory, the first such Longgang District of partnership in Shenzhen. OShenzhen has transformed from a Zhang Weiji led village officials poverty-stricken village into a modern and villagers to improve the environ- neighborhood with collective fixed ment, carry earth from the mountains assets of 3.5 billion yuan and per capita to smooth out the road and plant trees annual income of 150,000 yuan. to beautify the village. The village’s development miracle In 1987, the first industrial zone is attributed to struggles across two was built in Nanling Village. A total generations of local residents. of 14 enterprises moved in and the fixed assets of the village grew to 5.3 Poverty Breeds a Desire for million yuan. Most villagers became Change employees of these companies and Before China’s reform and open- began working eight-hour days to ing up in the late 1970s, Nanling vil- earn monthly salaries. lagers “relied on loans for production Zhang Weiji (right), former Party branch secretary of and lived on government relief,” and Nanling Village, and Zhang Yubiao, secretary of the Party Committee of Nanling Village Community. by the impoverished life forced many to Chen Jian flee away, according to 73-year-old Zhang Weiji, who formerly served as Party chief of Nanling Village. Zhang began to serve as a village official since the 1960s. Before China implemented its reform and opening-up policy, 576 villagers from 134 households there were divided into four production teams. Zhang decided to build a factory on empty land in collaboration with some companies by introducing outside investment. Early in 1980, after Zhang

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The villagers showed great respect development. assets of the first production team for their senior Party leader and a Some doubted the decision at first into a joint fund to foster common willingness to follow him wherever he but soon changed their mind after prosperity. He persuaded villagers by decided to go next. realizing the money would be invested going door-to-door and ultimately In 1982, Nanling Village received in building factories and expanding merged the assets. its first land acquisition compensation production. Zhang was elected Party chief of fee of 430,000 yuan, when Zhang In 1983, the township government the village and director of the village Weiji served as captain of the village’s proposed merging the four production committee. The four production first production team. After exten- teams in Nanling, and the villagers teams in Nanling Village were formal- sive discussion and consideration, rallied around Zhang to lead the work. ly merged. he decided to use the money on Zhang proposed combining the Zhang Weiji solemnly promised

At the Nanling Village Community Service Center, village Party branch secretaries from the old revolutionary base areas visit to learn about experiences that fostered prosperity in the community. Zhang Yubiao, secretary of the Party Committee of Nanling Village Community, shares Party building experience and the economic transformation of Nanling Village Community. by Chen Jian

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Former Party chief of Nanling Village Zhang Weiji recounts stories about local development at the central square of Nanling Village Community. by Chen Jian his fellow villagers that they would everything, so we always trust him,” serving as Party chief of the village, always have enough to eat, live in new explained Li Hongqing, former director of the village committee and houses, have extra money to spend assistant to Zhang in Party affairs. chairman of the village’s economic and enjoy long and healthy lives. “Every Party member or official development company. Almost 35 years later, Zhang is must remain fully devoted to serving Zhang Yubiao no longer has to proud to have kept those promises. “I the public,” Zhang asserted. He still face choices like splitting up portions meant what I said,” he grinned. “They serves his fellow villagers to this day. of rice to feed more people and would never have followed me if my Village Party members and offi- instead eyes avenues to lead Nanling heart wasn’t in it.” cials have never enjoyed privileges. Village to “greater glory.” He is usually the first to offer They receive the same shares and In the early 1990s, Nanling Village to shoulder others’ woes. When benefits as everyone else and none witnessed a new round of entrepre- rain flooded factory workshops, he have ever broken the law. neurship. The village invested more jumped in the water with a bucket to than 90 million yuan, introduced eight drain water. A New Chapter foreign-funded enterprises and built To make the village more beauti- Zhang Weiji’s eldest son Zhang the Golden Park Industrial Zone, ful, seven family members of village Yubiao was born in 1974 and holds a which helped the village earn 10 to officials have served as voluntary master’s degree in management from 20 million yuan in revenues each year, cleaners for more than 20 years. The South China University of Technology. equivalent to an increase of 20,000 village built a bathroom especially for In 1994, Zhang Yubiao returned yuan in per capita income. migrant workers, and Zhang’s wife to the village after graduating from In 2004, Shenzhen began to accel- oversees the supply of hot water. college and became head of the erate the urbanization of rural areas. “Not only is our Party chief village’s Youth League branch like Nanling Village transformed capable, but he takes the lead on his father did. In 1998, he began from a village into a community and

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established a shareholding company. Zhang Yubiao’s greatest goals. innovation. In 2006, Nanling set up a commu- “I respect my father very much, In 2017, Nanling invested 300 nity Party committee, the first of its but I am not him,” remarked Zhang million yuan to set up Shenzhen’s first kind in Shenzhen. Yubiao. “I have to blaze my own path.” venture capital fund under a commu- Nanling is home to 1,000 native In 2012, the Party’s 18th National nity-level stockholding company and villagers, more than 6,000 registered Congress proposed a new develop- undertook a group of forward-looking locals and a resident population of ment strategy. Zhang Yubiao began to and high-growth innovative projects. 80,000. Creating a happy, livable mod- realize that the sustainable develop- To eliminate backward production ern community has become one of ment of Nanling had to be driven by capacity, Nanling terminated a contract with a traditional company early and paid 20 million yuan for breaking the contract. A few years ago at a Nanling shareholders meeting, Zhang Yubiao promised that he would resign if he failed to foster a successful transformation in three years. Just as they did to his father, the villagers chose to trust the new leader, and they collectively set off on a new journey towards economic prosperity. Zhang Yubiao collaborated with a company associated with Tsinghua University and joined hands with specialists from Sun Yat-sen University to establish a science and technology park and a design research institute. Nanling Village Community has established a service mechanism supported by Party members, social workers Rent is no longer the major source of and volunteers. The community has registered 34 social organizations and 20 voluntary service teams. by Wang Lei revenue, and instead earnings come from equity. Today, Nanling has built a science and technology park and set up the Nanling Equity Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd. which has financed the development of artificial intelligence, electronics, information technology, healthcare, new energy and new materials, and introduced dozens of high-tech industries. “In the past we relied on farming. Later we ‘cultivated’ a real estate industry,” said Zhang Yubiao. “Now we have to ‘seed’ high technology. I am confident we can incubate several high- tech companies and become bigger and stronger. One day, I will be there to ring the bell with villagers after Nanling Residents exercise at the Nanling Village Community Service Center. by Chen Jian produces a listed company.”

CHINA PICTORIAL 39 FEATURES HUAIDE Governing a Village with Passion

Text by Huang Liwei

From a village to a metropolis, changes have taken place not only in the administrative system but also in the ideas and concepts of social governance.

Young lion dancers from Huaide. by Wang Lei

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rom a small fishing village of Fuyong Sub-district in Bao’an to a bustling international District, Shenzhen. From the Huaide metropolis, Shenzhen Ancestral Hall to the community has undergone enormous service center and to the residents’ Fchanges over the past 40 years since homes, they learned about the dra- China implemented the reform and matic changes that have occurred opening-up policy. During this expo- in yesterday’s villages thanks to the nential growth, changes have taken administrative concepts of modern place not only in the administrative communities, featuring joint contribu- system but also in the ideas and tion and shared benefits. concepts of social governance. Fang Quanwei explains the village code of Huaide, In May, journalists from China First “Dividend Village” which has been preserved in the ancestral hall. Family traditions have greatly enhanced the governance of Pictorial visited Huaide Community Upon entering Huaide, known the community. by Wang Lei as the first “Dividend Village” in Fuyong Sub-district, visitors will see seniors pleasantly chatting under the received 30 million yuan in compen- trees or young mothers playing games sation for land acquisition. The village with their kids in front of the ancient committee agreed that the money ancestral hall. The famous Shenzhen should be used for the long-term de- speed seems to slow way down there. velopment of the collective economy. The history of Huaide, literally Village officials went door-to- meaning “honoring ancestors’ benev- door to persuade those entitled to olence,” can be traced back to the late compensation to join in a long-term Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127). plan. Eventually, all villagers agreed to “Huaide has experienced tre- use the money to build an industrial mendous changes thanks to favor- park, which was named Cuigang No.1 able conditions in climate, geography Industrial Park and covered 47,000 and human capital,” asserts Fang square meters. Quanwei, who has served as a village In the aftermath of the long official for over 20 years. “Over the stretch of rapid urbanization, village past few years, we have capitalized on officials have maintained a keen eye each favorable condition, including for business development. They have our country’s implementation of continuously maintained and en- economic reform and opening-up joyed appreciation of collective land policies, our geographical location resources and practiced large-scale near Hong Kong and Macao and our land acquisition and construction of great vision and unity.” industrial areas. They hire outside Located in west-central Bao’an professionals to enhance the devel- District, Huaide links the north and opment of commercial real estates, the south of Shenzhen. conduct intensive reform and are now Before 1979, Huaide Village in the process of building a modern primarily earned a living from agri- central business district as well as an cultural production, and its annual industrial park to boost the headquar- per capita income was less than ters economy. 200 yuan. In 1983, it began seeking By 2017, the total assets of external investment and launched an collectively owned enterprises in the industrial park. village reached over 5 billion yuan, In the early 1990s, Huaide Village with profits of 460 million yuan and

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per capita dividends of 310,000 yuan, would be ensured. making Huaide the leading “Dividend Huaide people are again using Village” in the locality and the pride their wisdom to lead the establish- of its residents. ment of a unique pattern of modern- ized community governance. From Village to Community According to Pan Jiaodong, Party In 2004, Shenzhen hastened chief of the community, two prom- its urbanization of rural areas and inent features characterize Huaide’s became the first city in China to elimi- community governance. Firstly, they nate the rural institution system and increase the say of the community’s household registration. Party committee, which consolidates Huaide Village was also restruc- the Party committee’s core position. tured into Huaide Community, and its Secondly, they highlight service to Veteran community volunteers deliver vegetables to households with seniors over the age of 70. by collective economy was transformed the people and promote a pattern Chen Jian into a shareholding system. The featuring joint contribution, joint villagers were elevated to community governance and shared benefits. residents and shareholders. Over the past few years, the The rapid advancement of in- community’s Party committee has Since its founding, the CHCC has dustrialization and urbanization has made considerable achievements in focused on addressing the most press- spawned the “rampant” growth of governance. It set up the Common ing issues in the community, hearing villages such as Huaide. Problems Homeland Construction Committee residents’ complaints and brainstorming such as real estate speculation, (CHCC), Property Management solutions with all organizations and population influx, renovation and Association, and Volunteers people from different groups to effec- maintenance of dilapidated buildings, Association in addition to various tively handle conflicts and disputes in a environmental sanitation, and dis- social organizations to take care of timely manner. putes among neighbors have triggered senior residents and provide educa- Moreover, the community has concerns as to how the stable de- tion and training, cultural and sports carried out various charity activities velopment of the entire community entertainment, and neighborhood aid. to attract civic participation from the wealthy. The “Silver Hair” choir has attracted many seniors who love Mother’s Kitchen Bakery in Huaide Community. by Chen Jian to sing. The youth basketball league provides young people with more activities. After-class child care services have solved the problem of the gap between the time when children get home from school and when parents get home from work. “Our dreams are way past con- tentment,” smiled Pan Jiaodong. “Our final approach is to encourage everyone to make a difference alongside social progress.” In accordance with the unified deployment of Bao’an District, in 2017, Huaide was designated as a pilot community for the establishment of a governing system for modern communities.

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Residents of Huaide Community take a group photo in front of the ancestral hall. by Wang Lei

Good Family Traditions inscriptions in the Pan Ancestral service has evolved from 40 to 50 Huaide takes pride in its Hall. To this day, residents in the households to all local families with incomparable advantages, which community have followed those vulnerable people such as the elderly, include good traditions that have traditions passionately. the sick and the injured. been handed down from generation Volunteering is another In recent years, many social work to generation. common practice in Huaide. The teams in Shenzhen have begun to open “Since the first settlement of community’s Volunteers Association offices in local communities to work the Pan clan, the people of Huaide was established, and over 30 percent more professionally and efficiently. have maintained graceful Confucian of local residents are engaged in Huaide has also launched family traditions,” explains Pan community charity activities. a charitable care fund with 1.3 Jiaodong. These family traditions Since 2016, volunteers have million yuan from local shareholding and parental guides have been provided vegetable-purchase services companies and more than 300,000 compiled into the Chronicles of to the doorsteps of the elderly yuan from other organizations. Huaide Village, which has been over the age of 70 living in the The fund aims to help the poor, disseminated through various forms community. Over the past couple of encourage advancement and support such as songs, cultural works and years, the coverage of this voluntary entrepreneurship.

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States where he received a Ph.D. in energy resources. After graduation, he Long Wei was hired by BP, one of the world’s top oil and gas companies. Over the last few years, he has con- “Phoenix” Flying centrated on researching gene detection of oil and gas and exploring reserves of oil and gas including unconventional combustible ice through rock scanning to Shenzhen and analogue simulation. Text by Li Xia This technology has been applied by the environmental protection “Why does Shenzhen attract so many people? Because it is a beacon industry to detect the content of of hope. These talented people are attracted not by money but by the PM10/PM2.5 pollutants in the soil career prospects the city affords.” and atmosphere and their three-dimensional spatial distribution, evaluate the impact of the environment on health and establish a digital soil gene pool, he Research Institute of serves as both director of the RITUS which can guide project design of a Tsinghua University in Intelligent Oil and Gas Research and precise soil remediation scheme. Shenzhen (RITUS) is Development Center, and general In technical terms, the advantage a new type of research manager of iCore Group Inc. “We of this technology is to face down institution,T the first in Shenzhen, are both a company and a research world-class challenges in accurately jointly established by a university and institute,” Long explains. “Only in simulating the role of solid/liquid local government. Over the last two Shenzhen will you find such fusions.” interfaces in a real and complex decades, it has incubated more than Long Wei graduated with a micro-channel network and reduce 1,500 enterprises, including 21 listed bachelor’s degree in environmental the simulation calculation error from companies. engineering from Tsinghua University more than 100 percent to less than 15 Long Wei is a key member of in 1996. He then headed to Johns percent to meet the industrial practical iCore Group Inc. under RITUS and Hopkins University in the United application standards. The self-developed geotechnical

According to Long Wei, Shenzhen is a city of innovation. It is inclusive and open-minded, with internationalized genetic digitization testing and big vision. by Wang Lei data intelligent decision-making system can help lower costs and increase efficiency of project operations and has been widely applied commercially. Using this technique to analyze rock and soil has become more eco- nomical. In the past, tens of millions of yuan were required to lift tons of big rocks from the seabed to explore for oil. Today, however, oil can be detected with several kilograms of crushed stones from drilling. This innovation also makes it possible to quickly establish a large database of geotechnical genes, reduce technical decision-making cycles

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from several months to several days more the emphasis placed on intellec- “To become less dependent, we must and implement digital and intelligent tual property protection, the stronger develop our own oilfields. Energy is testing and analysis processes to help the motivation to innovate. very important. We also want to make reduce engineering costs and improve Shenzhen’s talent funding pro- a difference in helping our country gain efficiency while preventing accidents. gram has proven highly attractive and a greater voice in the energy sector.” The global oil and gas industry its funds are generous. For example, Like many returned graduates who has a market of 100 billion yuan the “Phoenix Program” provides a have studied abroad, the team came annually. The wide application of special subsidy of up to 80 million back with a strong sense of mission. such a technology in oil and gas yuan for a selected world-class team, Considering the technological exploration and production could and comprehensively supports monopoly wielded by developed bring huge economic benefits, signifi- high-level overseas researchers countries, the team members are very cantly improve drilling efficiency and who decide to launch a startup or open-minded and confident. “China prevent anomalies. a research project in Shenzhen by is now paying greater attention to pro- The smart precision drilling providing preferential policies. tecting intellectual property rights,” demonstration project jointly con- People benefiting from the Long said. “This further boosts ducted by iCore Group Inc. and China program can enjoy incentive subsi- people’s willingness to innovate. The National Offshore Oil Corporation dies of 800,000 to 1.5 million yuan United States has done a good job in (CNOOC) on the South China Sea in addition to other supporting this area, as has Shenzhen.” can reduce investment costs by up to policies for settlement, children’s Long Wei lived in the United 3 billion yuan annually. Moreover, this education, employment of spouses States for nearly 20 years. When he ar- technology can provide early warning and medical insurance. rived in Shenzhen, it didn’t feel much before potential operational malfunc- Of course, the entrepreneurial different from the United States. tions and avoid major disasters. team must be able to bring benefits To him, Shenzhen is an innovative, Foreseeing the prospects of this to the city and increase its GDP. They inclusive, open-minded and interna- technology, RITUS sought out the can’t solely focus on research and tionalized city. research team of the technology and development, but must also contrib- “The building of the Shenzhen mu- advised them to apply for the “Phoenix ute to industrialization. nicipal government is called the Civic Program” launched by the Shenzhen The arrival of Long Wei’s team Center, which has impressed me deeply. municipal government in 2010 to bring filled RITUS’s voids in the fields of It is a service-oriented government. more high-tech talent to the city. energy security and ocean research. Many private enterprises in China like In 2015, the team members were “The top ten of the Global 500 BYD, Tencent and Huawei are all sup- approved by the program, and at the companies are almost all oil compa- ported by the Shenzhen government.” end of 2016, five Ph.D. researchers nies,” Long noted. “International oil Shi Lei, head of the General with study experience abroad, includ- companies invest up to 10 billion U.S. Office of RITUS, remarked: “Why ing Long Wei and Jiu Cheng, returned dollars in R&D every year.” does Shenzhen attract so many peo- to China and settled in Shenzhen to Many of China’s traditional ple? Because it is a beacon of hope. contribute to the development of terrestrial oil exploration compa- These talented people are attracted China’s energy, marine and environ- nies such as Daqing Oilfield in not by money but by the career mental protection industries. Heilongjiang Province and Tarim prospects the city affords. This city The first visit to Shenzhen gave Oilfield in the Xinjiang Uygur offers more opportunities than the the team a good impression. During Autonomous Region, as well as United States. It provides greater job presentations, judges expressed Australia’s Roc Oil Co., Ltd. and many satisfaction. Shenzhen would hardly concerns about whether they had U.S. universities and mining enterpris- have become what it is today without sole rights to the intellectual property. es, have shown great interest in the the introduction of such a large pool They were also asked how they would team’s projects and technologies and of talent. It owes its great industrial protect their intellectual property go- have begun extensive cooperation. transformation to the great progress ing forward if they returned to China “Seventy percent of China’s it made in science and technology. We to start a business. For the team, the crude oil is imported,” Long said. are confident.”

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Administration, and they are now widely used in clinical medicine. She Zhending In 2008, Liu Weiqiang, vice president of the Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Down to Business Shenzhen, appointed She Zhending director of the institute’s Biomaterials Laboratory. in Shenzhen A native of Hubei Province, She Zhending was admitted to Tsinghua Text by Wang Lei University in 2000, where he majored in materials science and engineering. “Shenzhen’s entrepreneurial environment is mature, so many are eager He was recommended for a doctoral to start business in the city.” program upon graduation, which he completed in 2009. After completing a residency at the General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, She stayed at the hospital for three years, which enabled him to get acquainted with almost everything related to hospital operations. Then, he started thinking about launching his own business to develop high-end medical biomaterials to boost Chinese products which lagged behind in the international market. When the Shenzhen-based Research Institute of Tsinghua University approved his idea, She’s only concern was whether he could launch the project on his own. “We can help with personnel and labs,” Liu Weiqiang declared. She’s worries melted away. He arrived in Shenzhen, where he teamed up with several schoolmates who also

This year marks the 10th anniversary of She Zhending’s resettlement in Shenzhen—his new home and land of hold Ph.D. degrees and industrial opportunity. by Chen Jian specialists in different fields. “After graduation, all I could think about was starting a business,” r. She Zhending, found- the country in technology related to She recalls. “I had no interest in er of Shenzhen Lando orderly regeneration of dermal tissue, working for a company. I wanted to Biomaterials Co., Ltd., which benefits countless skin disease start my own business, and I wanted has developed the first sufferers. to lead the sector of my focus.” DChinese-made double-layer artificial On August 8, 2017, the company’s In 2010, She Zhending and his skin after eight years of tireless work artificial skin products were approved team began to conduct surveys and with his team. The company leads by the China Food and Drug determine the research projects to

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which they were about to be com- computer science, and engineering. mitted. “We targeted on two kinds: Lando specializes in tissue projects that are unprecedented in regeneration. The key to its artificial China, and those with huge market dermis technology is the induction potential, both of which had to be of orderly dermal regrowth and the cutting-edge internationally.” inhibition of scarring or contracting They soon discovered “artificial through the dermal matrix template. dermis.” Also known as artificial “The artificial dermis we produce skin, it is the material that guides has a three-dimensional porous She Zhending (middle) and his colleagues. Lando is the orderly regeneration and structure,” notes She. “About a week a very young team with an average age that is barely over 20, a trend seen in many startup companies in reconstruction of the skin. The raw after transplantation, capillaries in the Shenzhen. by Chen Jian materials are of animal origin, which base and periphery of the recipient are currently extracts from bovine bed soon grow into the dermis. Achilles tendons and pig cartilage. After two to three weeks, the stent The concept may seem simple in is fully vascularized and the thin Lando is a very young team with theory, but involves a wide array of autologous epidermis transplanted, an average age in the early 20s, similar scientific realms including biology, completing the wound closure with to many startups in Shenzhen. chemistry, macromolecules, materials, minimal invasion at the donor site. The city’s policies for industrial immunity, cytology, medicine and Subsequently, the scaffold induces incubation and technological talent, statistics to perfectly match tissues orderly regeneration of the dermis as well as its inclusive business between animals and humans. and progressively degrades.” environment, have attracted many More importantly, the team According to She, the biggest young and promising entrepreneurs. had to address difficulties related obstacle to recovery from a deep “Shenzhen has jumped ahead in to immunity and degradation, the burn is the scar. Scar repair at the preferential policies for high-level rate of which must match the joints, armpits and other moving entrepreneurs,” says She. “Each step regeneration of dermal tissue, and parts of the limbs can effectively of the venture is supported with the study cycles could be very long. improve the patient’s quality of life, multi-layered and comprehensive When their first product was and a restored appearance is the only auxiliary policies. Shenzhen’s sent for clinical trials, She and his way to fully heal a burn victim. entrepreneurial environment is very team were very nervous. But they A handful of countries such mature, and many people are eager were overjoyed by the results, which as the United States have led the to start business in the city, where helped them attract investment of world in artificial dermis technology, entrepreneurship is the focus.” 10 million yuan (US$1.54 million), which remains quite expensive. The “In hindsight, it’s clear that followed by another 60 million yuan artificial dermis produced by Lando, Shenzhen was the right choice,” (US$9.27 million) very quickly. however, is starting to dominate the asserts She. “It was also right to insist At that time, several other teams market due to its lower price and on doing what I like.” in China had already conducted better clinical results than imported This year marks the 10th research in this field for more than products. Today, the company’s anniversary of She Zhending’s arrival 10 years, but She’s team quickly products are used extensively in top- in Shenzhen, which is now his home. overtook them through full use notch hospitals throughout China. In 2017, as one of the 17 grassroots of their outstanding capacity and Shenzhen Lando Biomaterials Party representatives from Shenzhen, leveraging various supporting policies Co., Ltd. is located in the he was honored to attend the 12th from the local government. Guangming New District. “We enjoy Party Congress of Guangdong Regenerative medicine refers to favorable conditions for business and Province and became one of the the promotion of self-repair and accommodations with well-equipped first provincial Party representatives regeneration through the principle facilities, which have saved a lot of from the Guangming New District and methodology of life science, commuting and made our employees over the past decade since its materials science, clinical medicine, happy,” says She. establishment.

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to make such a big decision. I believe they made the right choice because Cao Wenjing Shenzhen has so many opportunities.” One of her parents’ closest friends hails from the Chaoshan Second-Generation region, Guangdong Province. Uncle Chen arrived in Shenzhen at the age of 16, carrying only dreams and a Shenzhen Immigrant small bag of belongings. Text by Li Xia “Basically, he tried every trade you can imagine,” Cao explains. “He once operated a restaurant and even- Like many successful second-generation immigrants residing in tually started a real estate company. Shenzhen, Cao Wenjing’s personal growth is intimately linked to Stories like these are common in Shenzhen’s rise, so she has a deeper understanding of the city’s Shenzhen. Everyone is hard-working, prosperity, rule-based administration, self-respect and inclusiveness. and every chance counts.” By chance Cao got into the Bed and Breakfast (B&B) business. The owner of the house was looking for a partner and approached her. She de- ao Wenjing considers her- College to study industrial analysis cided to seize the opportunity because self a typical second-gener- and inspection. After graduation, she she thought it aligned with her hobby ation Shenzhen immigrant. joined Shenzhen Water Group as a of designing floral arrangements. In 2000, she arrived laboratory technician at a water quality Cao Wenjing is optimistic Cin the city with her parents who were monitoring station. about the prospects of the B&B nearly 40 years old. They had previ- Her parents were pleased with in Jiaochangwei, a coastal village in ously held public office in Huangshi, her job and considered it a good Shenzhen. “Why don’t you look into Hubei Province. choice based on her college studies. building another one around here?” She transferred to Shenzhen’s They also thought it a safe vocation she jokes. “It’s a really popular spot.” Binhe Middle School halfway through for a female because of the limited Her B&B hotel Yanyu, literally the first year. The entire school spoke volume of social contact. “Rock & Islet,” is located near a Cantonese, but she could only speak Ten years after she joined the military base in Shenzhen’s Dapeng Mandarin at the time. group, Cao was director of its District, along a narrow coastline She was deeply impressed by an General Office. of 3,000 meters. The area now has open horizon of mass information, Cao admires her parents for nearly 400 B&Bs, which compete most of which came from Hong making the choice to pack up and fiercely against each other. Kong. She still fondly recalls the Hong leave home so late in life. The change has been incredibly Kong fashion weekly YES!, which was After becoming director of stressful for Cao because she esti- published from 1990 to 2014. the General Office, Cao decided mates needing about seven years to Because of big differences between she needed more self-fulfillment. earn back the landlord’s investment. Shenzhen and Huangshi textbooks, her “Entrepreneurship seemed the most For now, she is only trying to earn first English exam score was only 50 unknown realm to me, so it seemed back the huge investment. points, whereas in Huangshi, she had like a good place to start.” Yanyu features floor space of regularly scored 120. She wanted to Influenced by her parents, she more than 400 square meters, with 10 give up and felt like a loser. quit her job. “My parents were both rooms decorated in black and white After the national college entrance born in 1960,” she says. “When they with strong modern appeal. The build- examination, Cao was accepted to arrived in Shenzhen, they were almost ing looks natural, elegant and pleasant Shenzhen Vocational and Technical 40. It was cool for people at their age compared to others, which appear

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getting interested in photography due to the influence of friends who were 10 to 20 years older. “In my mind, they are super cool—they stayed focused on one thing, photography, for a lifetime. Now, in their fifties, they live in farmhouses, develop film, smoke a pipe, raise cats and dogs and build their own little utopia. I’m a bit idealistic and impulsive, so I understand them.” As for Uncle Chen, he is a special case. “When he turned 60, he gave all of his business to his brothers. He took some money and went to Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province, Cao Wenjing has had the opportunity to experience the city’s prosperity and civilization alongside her own where he contracted several hills to development. by Chen Jian achieve his long-cherished dream of establishing the Laobanzhang Pu’er Tea Plantation.” Cao has great admi- either exotic or rustic. an idea, you can make it a reality. “If ration for him. “In Shenzhen, I get a lot of I wanted to franchise out my B&B in Education certainly helps many, respect as a hospitality industry en- another city, I would find investors but there are many paths to cultural trepreneur,” Cao notes. “Our guests after they came to assess what I’ve accomplishment. This is evident in are polite. They offer to share their done here,” Cao says. “But, I have Cao Wenjing. At the age of 32, she expensive wines.” never heard of anyone from Shenzhen talks in a decent but unsophisticated She has become even more opti- starting a business elsewhere. Shenzhen manner, cheerful but not flamboyant, mistic about the future development is always their first choice for startups.” considerate yet not contrived. of Dapeng District since the estab- Cao can list the advantages of Like many successful second-gen- lishment of the Dapeng New Area Shenzhen: no geographical discrimi- eration immigrants in Shenzhen, Cao Administrative Committee. The entire nation—“All those who come here are Wenjing’s life is inextricably linked to area is becoming a national 5A scenic Shenzhen people,” high inclusiveness, the city’s development, so she has a spot. “We’re naturally blessed to work high degree of civilization, and every- deeper understanding of its prosperity, in such a setting,” Cao asserts. one obeying the rules and regulations. rule-based administration, self-respect Shenzhen is known for its “My strength is my diligence,” she and inclusiveness. strong civil organizations, and the grins. “My only regret is that I never The experiences of her parents’ B&B Association was established in received much formal education, generation in entrepreneurship were Jiaochangwei. “When I opened my which remains a pain in my heart.” gritty but successful, kindling a daring business, other shop owners came to The shelves of Yanyu’s sitting spirit to make bold choices alongside help,” Cao recalls. “Later, when two room are packed with black and pragmatic progress. young girls launched their hotels, I white photos and books such as the Communicating with friends of went to help. Now many young en- hit Chinese sci-fi novel The Three- different ages who have succeeded in trepreneurs come back from abroad Body Problem and the famous different walks of life has taught her with many new concepts and ideas contemporary literary work Ancient to take what comes and make the best in tow. I’ve learned a lot through Boat. “That’s about the extent of my of things. Many new Shenzheners talking to them.” reading list,” she admits. like Cao have grown up to be grate- Shenzhen has everything a busi- Cao maintains a large circle of ful, kind and appreciative of all life ness could need. As long as you have friends. Ten years ago, she started has to offer.

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Shenzhen Dreamers’ Heaven

Text by Shi Lei

Shenzhen has become a top destination for the thinkers of tomorrow.

wenty-eight years ago Shenzhen—was launched jointly by when I first arrived the Shenzhen municipal government in Shenzhen, only a and Tsinghua University. The single bus line reached former invested 80 million yuan in theT Shekou Industrial Zone from the construction of the institute, a the Luohu Railway Station, and a big expenditure for a government single trip took two hours. In those whose total annual revenue was only days, only small private stores sold 3.7 billion yuan at that time. electric appliances like televisions Thanks and refrigerators and offered no to the sound warranties or repair service. Even so, academic and many young people like myself chose industrial to stay because the city was totally environment A true different from China’s inland cities. of Shenzhen immigrant town, Despite its rustic qualities, it gave us and hope—hope to change our lives. Shenzhen is so Guangdong In the early 1980s when the inclusive that Province, this Shenzhen Special Economic Zone everyone strives new type of was first built, manufacturing for a common research and enterprises from Hong Kong and goal and development Taiwan dominated the place. In easily reaches institutes the 1990s, considering its limited consensus. enjoyed territory, Shenzhen eyed upgrading rapid growth. its industry to high-tech realms that Tsinghua University has require smaller spaces, emit less taken advantage of its alumni pollution and have greater added resources and global reach to value. But the city lacked colleges, help its graduates win support institutes and a talent pool. So the from the Shenzhen municipal municipal government of Shenzhen government’s “Phoenix Program” invited some inland universities and Guangdong Province’s “Pearl to establish research institutions River Plan” and built a platform in the city. At the end of 1996, to help overseas graduates return the first local academy—Research to start business. In recent years, Institute of Tsinghua University in the institute has produced five

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Shi Lei, assistant president of the Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, in his office. Thanks to the sound academic and industrial environment of Shenzhen and Guangdong Province, the institute enjoys rapid growth. teams that have won grants under so many young people has injected Nanshan District alone hosts 150 the “Phoenix Program” and three considerable vigor and creativity listed companies, over 80 percent teams for projects under the “Pearl into the city. A true immigrant of which are high-tech firms. River Plan,” not only enhancing its town, Shenzhen is so inclusive that Over the past 20 years, research level but also accumulating everyone strives for a common goal Shenzhen has become the top desti- industrial strength for the city and and easily reaches consensus. nation for innovative startups. It has the province. The city hopes all of Adhering to its original become the city for dreamers due these teams will become high-tech aspiration to become a high-tech to its sound market environment, giants in the future. city, Shenzhen has evolved into an advanced model of governance, Today, more than 60 universities advanced technology hub. Radiating preferential industrial policies, from around China and the world from the high-tech industrial park perfect industrial support and have set up research institutions in its Nanshan District, Shenzhen chains, abundant private investment in Shenzhen. Over the past two High-tech Industrial Zone now capital and special culture of an decades, the local government houses over 60 institutes and immigrant city. These factors have launched a series of plans to headquarters of many elite high- also fueled Shenzhen’s miraculous attract high-caliber professionals by tech enterprises like Tencent and growth in the past few decades. providing subsidies to new graduates. DJI. Thousands of such companies Shenzhen is now home to more than operate in the area covering only 20 million residents, ten times more several square kilometers but than the population in the 1990s. create a total industrial output The author is assistant president of the Research Institute of Tsinghua University And the average age of its population worth thousands of billions yuan. in Shenzhen and director of the institute’s is only 30 years old. The influx of The high-tech industrial park in General Office.

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Brave New World of Chinese Sci-Fi

Text by Gong Haiying

Chinese-American author and translator Ken Liu has been helping introduce China’s science fiction to the world.

n February 2018, the Chinese Since he began to publish in 2002, Ken Liu delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of version of The Dandelion he has been honored by many major the Nebula Awards on November 1, 2014. Xinhua Dynasty, the first English international awards for science novel by Chinese-American fiction such as the Hugo Awards, Iwriter Ken Liu, was published. This the Nebula Awards and the World traditional Western fantasy epic has Fantasy Awards. “re-imagined” the emergence of China’s Han Dynasty (202-220 A.D.). The Print of Oriental Culture It combines the scientific spirit of Born in the 1970s in the West with classical aesthetics Lanzhou, Ken Liu moved to the of the East. The core of the story United States with his parents and its narrative is a mix of Western when he was 11 years old. He and Eastern elements, just like Liu studied British literature and law at himself, who grew up in a culturally Harvard. Despite his Asian roots, diverse atmosphere. Liu managed to receive the educa- Liu translated Chinese sci-fi tion of a Western elite. He writes works The Three-Body Problem in native English but is heavily and Folding Beijing into English. influenced by Eastern culture. The “nearly perfect” translation Liu Cixin once remarked that (according to author Liu Cixin) Ken Liu’s works have managed to helped The Three-Body Problem “combine scientific imagination become widely known in Western and traditional Chinese culture in a countries. The novel is now hailed delicate and profound manner.” as a “treasure of global science In The Dandelion Dynasty, Ken fiction.” China’s science fiction is Liu mixed Eastern elements such now world-famous. Meanwhile, its as ancient Chinese legends, history, translator Ken Liu has emerged as military plots and technical innova- an excellent science fiction writer. tion in a novel manner. Influenced

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by “Steampunk” science fiction, the which have greatly influenced his novel created a world dominated by writing. The Paper Menagerie (2012), highly developed ancient Chinese his first work to win a Hugo Award, engineering technologies. Ken Liu depicts the cultural collision between said, “I want to create different a second-generation immigrant to aesthetics yet feature some of the America and his mother. Due to a cool machines of ancient China rebellious attitude and juvenile logic, such as movable type printing, a the protagonist missed out on much kite for military spying invented of the profound love of his mother. by Lu Ban (507-444 B.C.), and a Liu’s subtle writing style in this novel wooden ox used for transportation is impressive. of army provisions invented by Liu’s writing has “an Oriental Zhuge Liang (181-234).” charm”—reserved, with limited Ken Liu has read many books words but profound meaning. Chen on Chinese history and is a fan of Qiufan, a famous Chinese sci-fi ancient Chinese poetry and con- writer, explained Ken Liu’s style temporary Chinese chivalric novels, in cinematic terms: “Rather than a In February 2018, the Chinese version of The Grace of Kings of the trilogy The Dandelion Dynasty, the first English novel by Chinese-American writer Ken Liu, was published. close-up, Liu will give you one side of the face or a back to the camera. Buried under the water are waves of emotion.” In The Man Who Ended History: A Documentary, Ken Liu invented a Japanese studio called Yurushi. Chinese sci-fi writer Xia Jia first translated it as Kuan“ Shu” (forgiveness), but Liu suggested she change it to “Ren Shu” (benevolence and forgiveness). The switch was inspired by a sentence from The Book of Han, a history of the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C.- 8 A.D.), expressing hope that the Chinese would forgive with benevolence.

Promoting Chinese Science Fiction In addition to writing, Ken Liu has also translated science fiction by contemporary Chinese authors including Chen Qiufan, Xia Jia and Hao Jingfang into English, playing a key role in introducing China’s sci- fi works to the world. Chen Qiufan’s

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In 2014, Ken Liu translated the first volume of the renowned Chinese sci-fi trilogy The Three-Body Problem into English, and China’s science fiction has since garnered global fame. Above are the covers of the three volumes of this trilogy. Ken Liu translated the first and third volumes.

work The Fish of Lijiang, translated footnotes, which are rare in English by Ken Liu, won the World Fantasy novels. “I wanted to help English Awards in 2012, the first to a readers understand the history Chinese author. related to the story with a few “When I begin the project, the footnotes.” first step is adjusting the narrative In 2015, Liu Cixin said in his structure to tell the story in a way acceptance speech for the Best that is familiar to American readers,” Novel of the 73th Hugo Awards Liu reveals. When translating Xia that “translation always transcends Jia’s A Hundred Ghosts Parade cultures and space, and as for this Tonight, Liu translated China’s book, Ken Liu is the bridge.” traditional 24 solar terms into After finishing that translation, English phrases that could be Ken Liu invited many American easily understood instead of using celebrities in the field of science transliteration. For example, Jingzhe, fiction to write book reviews the third term, is translated as (including David Brin, who serves “Awakening of Insects.” as a member of the advisory Of Liu’s translations, the most board of NASA’s Innovative and famous is the English version Advanced Concepts group). Many of The Three-Body Problem of the reviews were published in published in 2014. This book is major media outlets such as The about a Chinese story, but in order Washington Post and The New to introduce the environment to a York Times, which ultimately fa- new culture, Liu decided to maintain cilitated publication of the English only because he translates well, but the original meaning as accurately version by the big publishing house also because he enthusiastically as possible to retain a bit “wonder Tor Books. promotes the works with all available and strangeness.” But to help Ken Liu is a rare and outstanding resources. Often through his guid- Western readers understand the figure in cultural exchange between ance, a growing number of emerging political background, Liu introduced China and the United States, not Chinese science fiction writers are

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Ken Liu (left) and Liu Cixin met science fiction fans at the award ceremony for the fifth Nebula Awards in November 2014. by Li Yibo/Xinhua finding more platforms such as as China’s because we don’t have changes inspire us to examine American magazines Clarksworld Ken Liu.” ourselves. Along with many other and Lightspeed to present their Ken Liu believes that the Chinese science fiction writers, he is works to Western readers. Japanese value of science fiction lies in the influencing how people around the author Tachihara Toya once sighed, possible expression of the future. globe examine the world and explore “Our science fiction is not as famous The metaphors involved in huge the future.

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Blue-Collar Innovation Text by Zhou Chenliang

“I’m happiest when I see electricity light up all households. It is my simplest joy, and all my colleagues feel the same.”

hang Liming is an On May 28, 2018, Zhang was employee at the State Grid awarded the title “Role Model of Tianjin Electric Power the Era.” Company. After 31 years Zsince he joined the company, he has Pioneering Emergency Repair become a “blue-collar innovator.” Zhang has remained continuously He has managed or participated in engaged in emergency repairs since over 400 technological innovation he started working, and he still wears projects. He is also captain of a overalls all year round. “I seldom turn team comprised of members of the off my cell phone,” he reveals. “When Communist Party of China (CPC) I hear rain start falling at night, I get in Tianjin’s Binhai New Area, which up or even go to the office to ensure offers free services for citizens. I arrive at the scene of an accident as

After extensive experiments, Zhang and his soon as possible.” colleagues invented a new tool that saves time On November 20, 2016, it when repairing a transformer problem caused by a melted fuse. With the invention, they can fix this snowed heavily in Tianjin. The problem in only 8 minutes compared to about 45 minutes without it. This technique was awarded a community Zhang oversaw suffered patent and has already been applied in many other a sudden power failure. Zhang and places. It saves at least 3 million yuan every year. by Qin Bin his colleagues arrived at the power station soon after receiving the call. They discovered that part of the underground electrical cable of the community was broken. The problem was not difficult to solve. They just had to climb the utility pole, turn off the breaker and isolate the faulty part. However, because the pole was frozen, the climbers couldn’t be completely secured. After a short discussion, Zhang and his colleagues devised a solution. They removed some of the ice on

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To eliminate the risk of live-line working, Zhang and his colleagues created a live- line working robot in 2017 with the help of artificial intelligence technologies. courtesy of State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company

CHINA PICTORIAL 57 PEOPLE

the pole and installed the climbers, and then Zhang and two colleagues formed a “ladder” to support the climbers with their shoulders, from which another colleague worked with a tool that extended to five meters. It was still snowing heavily, and the cold wind chilled their bones. He Li, Party chief of the community, recalled the scene: “It was the first time I witnessed an emergency repair. It was really shocking. To express our gratitude, we made a silk banner and gave it to them. When we entered their office, we were again shocked because the room was already full of banners. Behind every banner must be a touching story.”

Innovation Workshop The communities that Zhang serves are all located in the Binhai New Area, the first free trade zone in northern China. Over 140 companies listed among the Fortune Global 500 have offices there. Ensuring a continuous power supply in the area and eliminating problems are Zhang’s primary tasks. To perform an excellent emergency repair job, one first needs familiarity with circuits. When leaving work, Zhang often walk past a line of circuits with a notebook in hand making notes. Over the years, he has checked over 80,000 kilometers of power lines and drawn more than 1,500 circuit diagrams. He has developed a unique skill to diagnose accidents: He can often guess the nature and general place of the accident and sometimes even the cause of the accident based on the affected area, environment and condition of circuits and equipment, which gives his team more time and efficiency to perform an emergency repair. Zhang Liming also pays close

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attention to improving his work Captain of CPC Service Team Over the past 11 years, Zhang Liming’s service team has and management. He invented the Zhang is also the captain of a provided regular door-to-door assistance for 150 families with “Liming Emergency Repair Book service team mainly comprised of aged, sick or disabled members Case” in which all of his tools can CPC members, which was founded in 11 communities. They have completed nearly 10,000 be fixed in set places to save time in in 2007. The team offers emergency service tasks, and over 100,000 households have benefited an emergency. He has streamlined repair services. from their work. by Dong Fang his work process, shortening the On April 12, 2017, a local necessary time to solve a high-voltage community was scheduled to have fault from three hours to less than an power shut off for basic maintenance. hour. After extensive experiments, However, the service team got a he and his colleagues invented a new call from Ms. Fan, a citizen in the tool that saves time when repairing community, just before the outage. Fan a transformer problem caused by a tearfully explained that her 96-year-old melted fuse. With the invention, they mother was bedridden and clinging to can fix this problem in only eight life with the help of a respirator. The minutes compared to the previous 45 outage would have endangered her life, minutes without it. This technique was so Zhang and his colleagues rushed to awarded a patent and has already been her home with a generator. They set up applied in many other places. It saves a 20-meter circuit line and supplied the at least three million yuan every year. home with power for 11 consecutive In 2011, a new workshop was hours during the outage. named after Zhang: Zhang Liming Zhang and his team members Innovation Workshop. It is the also printed cards with their phone first workers’ innovation studio of numbers, and distributed them State Grid Tianjin Electric Power throughout the communities they Company. His workshop has created serve. In 11 years, the service team over 400 new technological results has provided regular door-to-door and has been awarded more than assistance for 150 families with 140 patents, 20 of which are firsts aged, sick or disabled members in 11 for smart grids. Zhang’s workshop communities. They have completed has also incubated eight another nearly 10,000 service tasks, and over innovation workshops and cultivated 100,000 households have benefited many other “blue-collar innovators” from their work. who have produced immense “I’m happiest when I see economic benefits. electricity light up all households,” To eliminate the risk of live-line Zhang grins. “It is my simplest joy, working, Zhang and his colleagues and all my colleagues feel the same.” created a live-line working robot Zhang Liming has taken the baton in 2017 with the help of artificial from the older generations of power intelligence (AI) technologies including workers. Through analyzing over sensing, recognition and cognition. 10,000 power supply accidents, he has By the end of 2018, the robot is summed up typical solutions for more expected to be able to perform all jobs than 50 cases. He also created the “Case involving live-line working, a big leap Bank for Emergency Repair” and from machines operated by men to “Handbook for Emergency Repair.” AI robotics. The project has become a Zhang passes on his expertise to his key AI technological project of Tianjin colleagues, carrying on the tradition of Municipality. the older generations.

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Leaving Ivory

inText by Chong Yatu the Wild

On January 1, 2018, China banned all trade in ivory, imposing stiff penalties on anyone caught buying or selling ivory products in the Chinese mainland. Since then, every trading market for ivory products in the Chinese mainland has been shut down, resulting in a dramatic drop in their trade.

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May 29, 2015: More than six hundred bout three months kilograms of confiscated ivory and ivory products are shown to the media ago, Kenyan wildlife before being destroyed in Beijing by China’s State Forestry Administration conservationist Daphne and General Administration of Sheldrick, known to Customs. VCG manyA as “elephants’ adopted mother,” passed away at 83 after devoting her whole life to elephant protection. Her book The Orphans of Tsavo touched many Chinese people and illuminated them about the importance of protecting the animal. On January 1, 2018, China banned all trade in ivory, imposing stiff penalties on anyone caught buying or selling ivory products in the Chinese mainland. Since then, every trading market for ivory products in the Chinese mainland has been shut down, resulting in a dramatic drop in ivory product trading.

A Good Model Ivory artware has played an important role in traditional Chinese culture and many Chinese people still adore ivory products. So, for a long time, ivory trade was acceptable in China. But in recent years, the public awareness about elephant protection has increased exponentially. In 2016, China announced a ban on all ivory trade and processing activities by the end of 2017. During the six months after the ban went into effect, China shut down 172 companies engaged in processing or selling ivory and suspended online retailers while strengthening the fight against illegal transporting and smuggling of ivory and ivory products. On May 29, 2018, a crackdown against ivory smuggling by Beijing Customs seized six tusks—the 13th such bust this year. Since the beginning of 2018, the Chinese government has launched special campaigns to fight endangered

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June 21, 2018: An elephant drinks at a watering hole in the Amboseli National Park. In the past five years, about 150,000 elephants were killed by poaching, one every 15 minutes. At this rate, the largest mammal on the planet will be extinct in 15 years. VCG

species smuggling including ivory, kill elephants.” Qin believes China’s monitored by animal protection confiscating 158 ivory artworks and move to ban ivory trade sets a shining organizations because Asian busting a dozen smuggling rings. example for other countries. countries including China compose “The ban is the fruit of the an important consumer market for efforts of the Chinese government Market Effects ivory. Due to historical, cultural and and insightful activists from across Many animal protection traditional factors in many Asian China and around the world,” declares organizations hail China’s ban as countries which are home to ancient Professor Qin Tianbao, vice dean of a “milestone for global wildlife civilizations, many people remain the School of Law and director of the protection.” Peter Knights, founder fond of exquisite ivory products, Research Institute of Environmental of WildAid, proclaimed, “China’s considering them a symbol of social Law at Wuhan University. “Ivory exit from ivory trade is the greatest status and identity. trading is still legal in many countries, single step towards reducing elephant In the past five years, about which worries animal protection poaching.” And he called for other 150,000 elephants were killed by organizations because hunters have countries to follow. poaching, one every 15 minutes. At considerable economic motivation to China has consistently been that rate, the largest mammal on the

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already outlawed ivory trade or are in the held an international symposium. At process of eliminating it,” notes Qin. the event, local government officials, “Other countries will follow.” corporate representatives and other Data has already evidenced attendees presented constructive the effectiveness of China’s ban. suggestions while praising China’s ban According to TRAFFIC, a wildlife on ivory trade. trade monitoring network, when Some local governments revealed China had barely announced its plan that due to the ban, some ivory- to prohibit ivory trade two years related companies had gone out of ago, the domestic price of ivory business, significantly impacting tax dropped by 50 percent. And in the revenue, employment and even social first half of 2018, China’s Customs stability. Especially for some senior saw a 50 percent drop in smuggling craftsmen, it is near impossible to busts from the highest level in abandon a lifetime of experience previous years. to begin working a different job. The declining price has greatly Smoothening the transition is a lowered the profits for smugglers and daunting task for local governments. poachers, which has reduced illegal And some argue that after more hunting in African countries. The than 2,000 years of development, Kenya Wildlife Service declared that ivory carving has become an the population of elephants killed by important intangible cultural heritage poachers in Kenya decreased to 46 in in China. Since the ban went into 2017, a big drop compared to 390 in effect, traditional carvers have been 2013. Meanwhile, in 2017 poaching left without material on which to work crimes in Tanzania fell down by 55 and an acceptable alternative has yet percent compared to 2015. to emerge. Professor Qin also stressed Remaining Challenges the importance of international On January 29, 2018, WWF, cooperation. He believes that TRAFFIC and China Wildlife protecting wild animals requires Conservation Association jointly coordination across various sectors in multiple countries including wildlife rangers, transportation planet will be extinct in 15 years. providers and retailers. Merely

This grim forecast prompted China’s May 24, 2017: Officials from Beijing Customs check restricting the consumer market is far issuance of the ban. smuggled ivory. VCG from enough. Only a handful of countries and The Chinese government is regions in the world have announced looking at the issue from all angles. bans on ivory trade. The United States On May 8, 2018, Chinese officials met banned the trade in June 2016, and with their Ugandan counterparts in China’s Hong Kong is expected to Kampala and reached an agreement eradicate ivory trading gradually by to jointly combat trafficking of wild 2021. However, many European and animals and plants. From June 5 to Latin American countries have yet to 7, 2018, the Chinese government enact similar restrictions. sponsored lectures in Malawi and “The three largest trading markets Tanzania on protecting wild animals for ivory—the Chinese mainland, Hong and plants and eliminating wildlife Kong and the United States—have trafficking.

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Second-tier Cities Compete for First-class Talent Text by Zhang Xue

The essence of talent competition in second- and third-tier cities is a fight for talent dividends.

hat is the most precious resource of the 21st “Wcentury? Talent!” This popular movie line hearkens to the ongoing battle for talent in China. Since last year, a number of second- and third- tier Chinese cities have launched talent recruitment programs, and competition for talent is revving up. This summer, a record 8.2 million

Chinese university graduates enter On June 22, 2018, Wuhan University held its 2018 graduation ceremony. A total of 15,239 students graduated from the university this year, including 7,279 with bachelor’s degrees, 6,826 with master’s degrees, and 1,134 the workforce. Considering the with doctoral degrees. VCG limitations and increasing housing prices in Beijing, Shanghai and other permanently, even before securing to buy their first home in the city. first-tier cities, more and more young employment. University graduates So far, more than 20 second- graduates are looking to up-and- seeking employment in Chengdu and third-tier cities have joined the coming second- or third-tier cities. can enjoy seven days of free lodging competition for talent. The cities are courtesy of the city. offering subsidies, free accommodation Raging Competition In Nanjing, news that university plans, preferential hukou policies and In 2017, Wuhan, capital of graduates from elsewhere seeking jobs other methods to attract talent, with Hubei Province in central China, in the city could receive a job subsidy each providing more enticing conditions kindled the trend by urging a million of 1,000 yuan swept across social than the last. The cities share a dream: college graduates to stay in the city networks and triggered heated debate finding ways to attract talented people to start businesses. Wuhan rolled in the media. to become residents. out favorable policies enabling Changsha offers 6,000 yuan, Now, changes in migratory newcomers to obtain local hukou 10,000 yuan, and 15,000 yuan rent patterns affecting the future (permanent household registration) and living allowances to bachelor’s, development of such cities are with their diplomas. master’s and doctoral degree holders frequently reported. Chinese Chengdu is revamping its talent respectively for the first two years recruitment website BOSS recently policy to address the housing problem after they settle down in Changsha. released a 2018 in-season talent of Rongpiao, or “Chengdu drifters.” It also offers as much as 30,000 to trend report. The report noted that The city will loosen its hukou policies 60,000 yuan in subsidies to master’s in contrast to past college graduates to help skilled migrant workers settle and doctoral degree holders seeking heading to work in first-tier cities

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like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou experience, a million college graduates talent. The municipal government and Shenzhen, more and more are working in innovative industries or proposed to create a “city of youth, choosing cities like Hangzhou, Wuhan, starting businesses in the city, and dreams, innovation and vitality.” Many Chengdu, Zhengzhou and Xi’an. a million skilled employees. This new policies have been launched such Furthermore, of young professionals drive works in conjunction with as preferential treatment in obtaining leaving first-tier cities, 35.5 percent Wuhan’s goal to become a high-level a hukou, subsidies for housing, aid head to one of the above five. innovation center. to secure employment and grants For many years, China’s first- for entrepreneurs. In 2017, a total of Why Compete for Talent? tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, 301,000 college graduates chose to The improvements in second- Guangzhou and Shenzhen have settle in Wuhan. and third-tier cities and the higher attracted a continuous inflow of To attract more talent to the city, survival threshold of first-tier cities talent with their developed economic last year Wuhan decided to build are two invisible hands pushing in the conditions, mature infrastructure, affordable housing for university same direction. high-quality public services and broad graduates and enable them to buy Second- and third-tier space for development. Numerous or rent apartments at a discounted cities demand urgent economic elite schools in such cities also helped price as low as 20 percent of the transformation and upgrading, and attract young talent. The continuous market price. Today, more than the massive demand of industrial influx of talent has resulted in rapid 7,000 such apartments have been transformation and upgrade economic and social development provided in Wuhan. After online exacerbates the scramble for of the first-tier cities as well as registration and verification of talent. With the decline of China’s exponential population growth of credentials, graduates can choose a demographic dividend, the talent these cities. By the end of 2017, room and move in immediately. dividend is now front and center. the resident population of Beijing, Some experts remain skeptical Modern economic development has Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen about Wuhan’s heavy spending on shown that human resources are the was 21.71 million, 24.18 million, 14.5 talent. “Now, many second-tier inexhaustible driving force of economic million and 12.53 million, respectively. cities are actively recruiting talent,” growth. On the surface, the cities are The downsides of such magnitude says Yang Yiyong, director of the lobbying for talent, but they are really such as rising housing prices and more Institute of Social Development vying for human capital dividends. The frequent traffic jams have become under the Chinese Academy of creativity inherent in human resources big problems in these cities. In recent Macroeconomic Research. “But even is fundamental to fostering greater years, many have voiced a desire to huge government subsidies will not possibility and supporting the long- flee first-tier cities. keep them here after we first get term sustainable development of a To help cure big-city ailments, them. We must give the drivers of regional economy. China’s economic Beijing and Shanghai pioneered these businesses enough room to development has already shifted to a population control plans. According to develop, instead of just providing a phase of high-quality development. In them, by 2020, the resident population home for employees.” contrast to the large-scale innovative in Beijing will be limited to 23 million While sparing no effort to attract industrial pattern in first-tier cities, for a considerable period of time. By talent, those cities should also waste second- and third-tier cities more 2035, the population of Shanghai will no potential talent. Some experts desperately need the talent dividend be limited to about 25 million. In 2017, point out that after recruiting a star, to promote industrial upgrade. At the the resident population of Beijing the real challenge is optimally utilizing same time, reform and development of reached 21.7 million, leaving limited the talent, integrating the individual’s second- and third-tier cities also create growth space. It is becoming natural growth with urban development, more opportunities. for graduates to look to options in providing a stage on which to Take Wuhan as an example: It second- and third-tier cities. perform, ensuring optimization of announced a goal to attract 100,000 talent advantages and creating a research or alumni professionals The Key: Retaining People virtuous circle of talent growth and with overseas studying or working Wuhan is winning the battle for urban development.

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Time-Honored Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot Text by Mo Qian

A boiling pot cooking a wide variety of ingredients together creates a unique taste every time and a singularly inclusive dining atmosphere.

In 2006, Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot was titled as a “Time-honored Brand” of China. by Qin Bin

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hina is home to diverse regional cuisines and a blossoming foreign food scene, but for many, Cnothing tops the hotpot ritual of dipping fresh ingredients into a boiling broth. And Chongqing-style hotpot is particularly celebrated for its spicy soup and unique dining culture. Qiaotou (literally, “end of a bridge”) Hotpot is a century-old restaurant in Chongqing and has been listed as By mixing different seasoning sauces, the customers can create their preferred flavor themselves. by Qin Bin an intangible cultural heritage of the southwestern Chinese municipality. “Traditional cooking skills, great taste and a sincere and honest management philosophy compose the essence of Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot,” declared Li Bo, the fourth-generation inheritor of the seasoning skills that have also defined Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot.

Keeping Traditional Taste Li Bo has worked at Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot since he was 17 years old, making him nearly a 30- Li Bo, the fourth-generation inheritor of the seasoning skills that have defined Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot. year veteran. by Qin Bin Li started his career as a waiter, before being promoted to kitchen and garlic sauce,” Li noted. As an inheritor, Li Bo often backup, where he learned how to Li illustrated that most classical ponders over how to best preserve prepare ingredients and honed his seasoning chefs relied only on the essence of the old brand, “It still slicing skills. Two years later, he experience and don’t use any comes down to orthodox traditional finally got the chance to learn about quantitative or standardized data for techniques, great taste and a sincere the seasoning. reference. Therefore, as a seasoning and honest management philosophy.” Li knows as well as anyone chef, one must be not only diligent, but Xia Hongliang, chairman how difficult it is to become a good also sensitive and clever. In different of Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot seasoning chef. One must be able to types of weather and temperatures, Catering Service Co., Ltd., shares tell various spices apart, know how the effect of seasoning can be quite Li’s sentiments. “As a time-honored to match them and expertly stir-fry different. enterprise, our first mission is to pass in addition to having comprehensive “Even when researching and on traditional skills, maintain the spirit seasoning skills. For example, bullet developing a new seasoning recipe, of craftsmanship, do good things and chili peppers from various places we must preserve the basic flavor of be a responsible enterprise,” he said. differ in pungency and taste. Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot, and keep Chefs must make good use of it hot and spicy with full of flavor, so Originating from the Dock different ingredients to create the we need to keep learning and make At the end of the Qing Dynasty optimal taste. “For example, sesame timely adjustment to let the seasoning (1644-1911) and in the early Republic paste can reduce spiciness as can oil produce the ideal result,” he said. of China (1912-1949) period, hotpot

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An excerpt from Stories of Time-honored Brands in Chongqing—Qiaotou Hotpot, a comic book penned by Zou Sixin, which recounts the origin and history of Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot. courtesy of Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot

spread across the country. to build a stone stove by the shore and in seasoning by adding cooking Located at the junction of the boil the guts and organs of cattle and wine, crystallized sugar, fermented Yangtze and Jialing rivers, Chongqing poultry thrown out by slaughterhouses, beans, ginger and butter to make the is known for its well-developed water seasoned with chili, pepper, ginger soup spicy and flavorful. He also transportation network and has and garlic. Entrails rescued from the introduced dipping sauce made of remained a major hub of southwestern waste bin were transformed into a sesame oil and egg white in a small China since ancient times. tasty delicacy in the pot, earning the plate to serve with the main dish. In the 1930s and 1940s, harbor nickname “Lianguonao” (meaning Because of the low cost and great transportation developed into a major “everything in the same pot”). flavor, such food was a big hit with local industry and many locals began In the 1940s, Li Wenjun, dock workers. Many traveling merchants working at the docks. a wooden-boat businessman, passing by the wharf became active Back then, dock workers performed inherited his father’s food vending promoters of the restaurant. With the considerable heavy lifting every day for business Qiaotou Lianguonao and fast spread of the restaurant’s fame, Li a very limited income, so they tended to expanded it by building several Wenjun formally changed its name to choose cheap and convenient food, but huts near Haitangxi wharf, then an “Qiaotou Hotpot.” also dishes that provided enough energy important water passage linking to fuel their labor. Sichuan and Guizhou. Meaty Hotpot Doctrine Some dock workers got the idea He made a bold innovation Today, Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot

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Today, Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot with its robust hot and spicy flavors is booming across China. by Ma Gengping

operates more than 100 booming Alibaba’s Tmall.com in January 2018, dining style huge development franchisees across the country. Even Chongqing Qiaotou Hotpot is among potential and market. when changes are made in the seasoning the top ten best-selling old brands In fast-paced cities, “can’t wait” to adapt to the local tastes, its unique hot overseas. Its customers come from diners are comforted when a boiling and spicy taste remains. 173 countries and regions. pot arrives at their table instantly. And To expand sales channels and The advancement of society has by enjoying hot and spicy food, many enable people to enjoy their flavors at provided great opportunities for the pressures of life and work could melt home more conveniently, Chongqing popularization of hotpot. Improved away into the “hot fun.” Qiaotou Hotpot Seasoning Co., Ltd. transportation networks have increased A boiling pot cooking a wide was established in the late 1980s. Now exchange and integration between the variety of ingredients together it produces an annual output of 1,400 northern and southern areas of China creates a unique taste every time tons according to Xia Hongliang. In as through the provinces, which has and a singularly inclusive dining 2006, the company began building its enabled certain local cultures to expand atmosphere, which aligns with own ingredient bases to grow peppers into national culture. the “Doctrine of the Mean” (or and other spices to ensure a top-quality The heavier flow of people has Zhongyong) in traditional Chinese supply and maintain the authentic taste. minimized differences in dining culture. Few meals are as popular with According to online sales data culture between different regions Chinese around the world as time- of time-honored brands released by of China, giving hotpot’s inclusive honored hotpot.

CHINA PICTORIAL 69 CULTURE | BOOKS

Beautiful Ancient Things in the Palace Museum By Zhu Yong Published by People’s Literature Publishing House, April 2018

“Every ancient thing demonstrates the strength of history and time.”

he Palace Museum was developed from the imperial palace of Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1636-1912) dynasties. It is the world’s largest and best-preserved ancient architecturalT complex. As of the end of 2016, the Palace Museum housed nearly 1.9 million items in its collection, of which rare cultural relics account for 42 percent of all those housed in Chinese museums. Of all the museums in the world, it holds the most relics and welcomes the greatest number of visitors. Bronze works from the Shang (1600-1046 B.C.) and Zhou (1046-256 B.C.) dynasties, terracotta warriors from the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.), bamboo slips from the Han Dynasty (202 B.C.- 220 A.D.), tri-color glazed porcelain from the Tang Dynasty (618-907), ceramics from the Song Dynasty (960-1279), furniture from the Ming Dynasty

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A drawing of patterns on a bottle dating back to the Warring States Period (475-221 B.C.), housed in the Palace Museum. The patterns show activities such as fishing, hunting, and banqueting.

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A tri-color glazed porcelain horse of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), housed in the Palace Museum.

A porcelain ware from the Ru Kiln in the Northern Song A terracotta warrior of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.), housed in the Palace Museum. Dynasty (960-1127), housed in the Palace Museum.

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A cloak that used to be worn by a queen or empress on informal occasions in the Qing Dynasty (1644- 1911), housed in the Palace Museum.

A red plate with peony patterns of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), and garments from the Qing Dynasty can housed in the Palace all be found in the Palace Museum. In this Museum. book, author Zhu Yong analyzes the most emblematic items from each era and outlines the life of 18 valuable exhibits with stellar prose. Together, all of these objects form the art history of the Palace Museum, preserving across time and embedded with memory, the beauty of Chinese cultural heritage. civilization and wisdom.” The book also includes nearly 100 high- Writer Feng Jicai once declared that Zhu quality pictures of relics housed in the Palace was obsessed with China’s past culture and Museum and museums around the world. regarded it as an integral part of his spirit. Why does the author refer to these items History, normal everyday life, national character, as “ancient things” rather than “cultural aesthetic genes and marks of sensibility are all relics”? According to him, he wanted to melted in it. All of these come possible because emphasize the icons of each time. In the of his love of Chinese culture. preface penned by the author that is titled Zhu Yong, born in 1968, is a renowned Gravels of the Forbidden City, he wrote, contemporary author and scholar as well “Every ancient thing demonstrates the as director of the Institute of Films and strength of history and time.” Indeed, every Televisions of the Palace Museum. He dynasty has its unique character, and the formerly worked as a resident artist at “ancient things” in the author’s description the University of California, Berkeley. He reflect the cultural spirit of those dynasties. published the historical novel The Bloody Daily Sunshine, an emerging media outlet Imperial Court and the historical prose established in Shenzhen in 2001, remarked, collection Secret Corners in the Forbidden “The author wrote not just about ancient things City. A total of 12 volumes of Zhu Yong’s themselves, but also covered elements including Selected Works have also been published. He history, art, nation and military closely related to created several major documentaries and has those things. Such ancient things are footprints won many awards.

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The painting, Competing for Beauty, depicts peacocks in spring. Its painter Jiang Ping used Western techniques when painting the peacocks’ feathers.

74 VOLUME 841 JULY · 2O18 Chinese Stories in Traditional Paintings Text by Yu Ge

“Traditional Chinese painting is like embroidery—both need to be carefully examined to find their hidden meaning.”

n the early 1940s, Zhang “Traditional Chinese painting is different coloring styles, but also rep- Daqian (1899-1983), one of like embroidery—both need to be resents two major genres of traditional the most famous traditional carefully examined to find their Chinese art: ink-washing painting and painters in modern China, spent hidden meaning.” realistic heavy-color painting. Inearly three years copying murals Zhang Daqian was dubbed the preserved in the Buddhist grottoes in Silent Mountains, Glassy Ponds “Eastern Brush” by many in Western Dunhuang, in China’s northwestern Traditional Chinese painting is art circles. Many of his works inte- province of Gansu. In 1944, he held popularly referred to as “ink-wash grate realistic and freehand styles. an exhibition in Chengdu, capital of Danqing.” In fact, “Danqing” refers to Jiang Ping inherited this strategy and Sichuan Province, to display what heavy colors such as cinnabar and tur- is particularly proficient in realistic he copied. Among the visitors was a quoise used in art creation. Therefore, painting. His exhibition in May dis- 10-year-old boy, who still has a bro- the name “ink-wash Danqing” not played both ink-wash and heavy-color chure from the exhibition. only includes references to two paintings involving subjects like The boy was Jiang Ping, who was born into a family of calligraphers and painters. His father, Jiang Fanzhong, was a friend of Zhang Daqian. Three years later in 1947, Jiang Ping became Zhang’s youngest student. Over the past seven decades, Jiang Ping has continuously absorbed Zhang’s painting techniques while exploring his own style, eventually reaching the status of a painting master of Sichuan. In May 2018, 84-year-old Jiang Ping held a solo exhibition at the “China Treasures” art gallery in Beijing Hotel, displaying over 120 paintings he finished over the past 20 years. On appreciating traditional Chinese art, Jiang told visitors: The exhibition displayed over 120 paintings by Jiang Ping. by Han Wancheng

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flowers, birds, landscapes, animals and insects, fusing humor with solemnity. In contrast to freehand painting featuring rough and simple lines with focus on setting the mood, realistic painting requires drawing details with exquisite, meticulous strokes similar to classical Western oil painting. Perhaps this is why Jiang Ping likened traditional Chinese painting to embroidery: both require painstaking meticulousness. “Realistic painting is time-consuming, and each piece of work could take more than a month to complete,” he said. Moreover, traditional Chinese painting is often accompanied by calligraphy, poetry and seals, which enrich the artistic value of the painting. Jiang Ping believes that “poetry is music to painting, and painting is dance to poetry.” He often selects a poem before beginning a painting and likes to write meaningful verses that eulogize virtues and good character on his paintings. According to Li Yansheng, a former researcher at the Palace Museum, Jiang Ping inherits Zhang Daqian’s style that retains the core value of traditional Chinese scholarly painting.

“Jiang Cicada” and “Jiang Fan” Jiang Ping’s paintings depict a wide array of subjects including flowers, birds, fish and insects. He is so noted for his cicada paintings that he was nicknamed “Jiang Cicada.” A painting depicting cicadas in the moonlight was particularly popular at the exhibition. In the painting, five lifelike cicadas flying or perching on willows bathed in the moonlight create a poetic ambiance. In traditional Chinese culture, the cicada symbolizes nobility and moral integrity, so it’s a popular subject for

Cicadas in the Moonlight depicts five lifelike cicadas flying or perching on willows bathed in the moonlight, many painting masters. creating an elegant, poetic ambience in line with the verse on the painting. Jiang Ping began to draw cicadas

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which left her with rich experience in management and investment. She has been committed to the protection and inheritance of traditional Chinese culture for many years. In 2008, she founded the art gallery to promote and collect precious art created by state-class masters that are considered “national treasures.” Li Jing was impressed when she first saw Jiang Ping’s work. “Many senior artists spend all of their time painting rather than promoting their The “China Treasures” art gallery in Beijing Hotel, founded in 2008, is committed to promoting and collecting precious artworks created by state-class masters that are considered “national treasures.” by Cheng Gong art,” she explained. “But their works are very impressive. What kinds of in the 1980s. After careful research of of classical Chinese culture. Chinese stories are worth hearing? I cicada paintings from past dynasties, he Jiang had already become passion- prefer stories from senior artists who concluded that few of those works de- ate about fan painting and calligraphy have inherited traditional culture.” voted much detail to the insect’s wings by a young age. So far, he has created Along with traditional calligraphy and some even incorrectly depicted more than 1,000 pieces of one or the and paintings, the art gallery has also its body structure. Accurately repre- other. He integrated and absorbed collected more than 100 pieces of senting the cicada’s body structure and highlights of other artists to form cloisonné and carved lacquerware. vividly depicting its thin, transparent a distinctive fan painting style after fur- Both crafts were part of the first wings became Jiang’s mission. Over the ther exploring the aesthetic and visual group of Chinese intangible cultural next several years, he collected cicadas effects of color brushwork. He once heritage. Many art and crafts masters from the wilderness, made specimens published a collection of fan paintings, have established cooperative rela- and studied their bodies carefully. “Just for which famous Chinese art critic tions with the art gallery including like Qi Baishi’s depictions of shrimp, I Liu Chuanming wrote in the preface: contemporary Chinese carved lac- apply the thickest stroke before the ink “Painting on fans, especially folding querware master Man Jianmin and dries,” Jiang revealed. “This is how I fans, requires not only following the cloisonné master Xiong Songtao. clearly depict the veins on their wings.” curves of the fan to fill the space but During Jiang Ping’s painting ex- According to senior Chinese also realistic techniques to draw the hibition, the art gallery organized sev- collector Li Baojia, Jiang Ping’s cicadas emptiness. Jiang Ping performs excep- eral events themed around traditional differ from those of his teacher Zhang tionally well in both regards, so his fan Chinese culture to accent traditional Daqian. “Jiang’s cicada paintings are paintings are imbued with an archaic Chinese painting with performances more meaningful and convey profound touch and preserve orthodox styles of of guqin (a traditional seven-stringed traditional Chinese culture.” traditional fan painting.” plucked instrument) and tea cere- Along with cicadas, Jiang Ping’s monies. On June 9, 2018, Djoomart work on fans is also outstanding. Bond with “China Treasures” Otorbaev, former prime minister of Many of his painted fans are on dis- Art Gallery Kyrgyzstan, visited the art galley and play at the exhibition as well. Chinese The host of the 2018 exhibition, showed great interest in traditional fan culture has a long history. As ear- the “China Treasures” art gallery Chinese calligraphy, painting and royal ly as the 18th century, Chinese fans in Beijing Hotel, is located adjacent treasures. He pointed out how special were introduced to Europe via the to Tian’anmen Square, the Palace Chinese culture is and how much Silk Road and gained popularity with Museum and Wangfujing Pedestrian of it cannot be found in any other the upper class of the West. After Street. Li Jing, founder of the gallery, country. He also expects more excel- centuries of evolution, fan painting formerly worked with civil aviation lent Chinese cultural achievements to and calligraphy have become icons companies and media organizations begin being exported.

CHINA PICTORIAL 77 CULTURE | ON DISPLAY

Poster for the exhibition “New New Directions: Yang Luzi Directions: Yang June 9 - August 12 Luzi.” Ullens Center for Contemporary Art, Beijing

This exhibition features two groups of photos by artist Yang Luzi: a trilogy of black-and-white images titled A Great Empire Needs Great Color and a full-color series called What Are the Wonders When You Were Born. The themes of these two groups of works are related but different, manifesting the artist’s ideas on time, history and civilizations. Born in 1987, Yang Luzi earned a bachelor’s degree in comparative literature from Harvard University in 2011 and a master’s degree in the art of film production from the Cal- ifornia Institute of the Arts in 2016. She lived in Germany for two years, where she studied comparative poetics, which shows in her work.

Animamix Da Vinci & Lu Ban May 29 – August 28 Biennial 2017-2018 Riverside Art Museum, Beijing May 26 – August 28 MoCA, Shanghai This exhibition displays inventions in realms Themed “Ballade” and tracing a timeline from including art, architecture and crafts from both the East present to future, the exhibition features works and the West across 2,500 years. It features 102 original by 43 Chinese artists. Displays include paintings, manuscripts by Leonardo da Vinci, 50 installations, and sculptures, animation, virtual technology and the technological achievements of Lu Ban, an inventor interactive new media art. Combining AI bioengi- from the Spring and Autumn Period (770 -476 B.C.). neering, computer neural network and interactive With the help of multimedia digital technology and games, the exhibition explores virtual reality holographic animation, cartoons and games. images, the exhibition

Poster for the exhibition “Animamix Biennial 2017-2018.” comprehensively demonstrates the remarkable wisdom and civilization created by human beings.

Poster for the exhibition “Da Vinci & Lu Ban.”

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Turning Point—40 Years of Chinese Contemporary Art June 6 – October 7 Long Museum, Shanghai

Long Museum has selected nearly 100 influential works created in the last four decades in its collection including oil paintings, traditional Chinese paintings, sculptures, photos and installations and arranged them sequentially to trace the development of China’s art since 1978. The exhibition is divided into four eras: 1978-1984, 1985-1989, 1990-1999 and post-2000. It highlights the practice and exploration of Chinese artists and the sustained vitality of Chinese art. The Third Generation by He Duoling and Ai Xuan, oil on canvas, 180×190 cm, 1984.

Purple Air by Liu Wei, 2009.

La Town by Cao Fei, 2014.

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