OSW COMMENTARY NUMBER 265 1 Challenges to the Central Government Sure on the Local Level Structures
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SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Čína
SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Čína Souhrnná teritoriální informace Čína Zpracováno a aktualizováno zastupitelským úřadem ČR v Pekingu (Čína) ke dni 13. 8. 2020 3:17 Seznam kapitol souhrnné teritoriální informace: 1. Základní charakteristika teritoria, ekonomický přehled (s.2) 2. Zahraniční obchod a investice (s.15) 3. Vztahy země s EU (s.28) 4. Obchodní a ekonomická spolupráce s ČR (s.30) 5. Mapa oborových příležitostí - perspektivní položky českého exportu (s.39) 6. Základní podmínky pro uplatnění českého zboží na trhu (s.46) 7. Kontakty (s.81) 1/86 http://www.businessinfo.cz/cina © Zastupitelský úřad ČR v Pekingu (Čína) SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Čína 1. Základní charakteristika teritoria, ekonomický přehled Podkapitoly: 1.1. Oficiální název státu, složení vlády 1.2. Demografické tendence: Počet obyvatel, průměrný roční přírůstek, demografické složení (vč. národnosti, náboženských skupin) 1.3. Základní makroekonomické ukazatele za posledních 5 let (nominální HDP/obyv., vývoj objemu HDP, míra inflace, míra nezaměstnanosti). Očekávaný vývoj v teritoriu s akcentem na ekonomickou sféru. 1.4. Veřejné finance, státní rozpočet - příjmy, výdaje, saldo za posledních 5 let 1.5. Platební bilance (běžný, kapitálový, finanční účet), devizové rezervy (za posledních 5 let), veřejný dluh vůči HDP, zahraniční zadluženost, dluhová služba 1.6. Bankovní systém (hlavní banky a pojišťovny) 1.7. Daňový systém 1.1 Oficiální název státu, složení vlády Čínská lidová republika (Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo; zkráceně Zhongguo) Úřední jazyk čínština (Putonghua, standardní čínština založená na pekingském dialektu), dále jsou oficiálními jazyky kantonština v provincii Guangdong, mongolština v AO Vnitřní Mongolsko, ujgurština a kyrgyzština v AO Xinjiang, tibetština v AO Xizang (Tibet). Složení vlády • Prezident: Xi Jinping (v úřadu od 14. -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
3/2006 Data Supplement PR China Hong Kong SAR Macau SAR Taiwan CHINA aktuell Journal of Current Chinese Affairs Data Supplement People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax:(040)4107945 Contributors: Uwe Kotzel Dr. Liu Jen-Kai Christine Reinking Dr. Günter Schucher Dr. Margot Schüller Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 3 The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 22 Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership LIU JEN-KAI 27 PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries LIU JEN-KAI 30 PRC Laws and Regulations LIU JEN-KAI 34 Hong Kong SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 36 Macau SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 39 Taiwan Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 41 Bibliography of Articles on the PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and on Taiwan UWE KOTZEL / LIU JEN-KAI / CHRISTINE REINKING / GÜNTER SCHUCHER 43 CHINA aktuell Data Supplement - 3 - 3/2006 Dep.Dir.: CHINESE COMMUNIST Li Jianhua 03/07 PARTY Li Zhiyong 05/07 The Main National Ouyang Song 05/08 Shen Yueyue (f) CCa 03/01 Leadership of the Sun Xiaoqun 00/08 Wang Dongming 02/10 CCP CC General Secretary Zhang Bolin (exec.) 98/03 PRC Hu Jintao 02/11 Zhao Hongzhu (exec.) 00/10 Zhao Zongnai 00/10 Liu Jen-Kai POLITBURO Sec.-Gen.: Li Zhiyong 01/03 Standing Committee Members Propaganda (Publicity) Department Hu Jintao 92/10 Dir.: Liu Yunshan PBm CCSm 02/10 Huang Ju 02/11 -
Xi Jinping Stands at the Crossroads What the 19Th Party Congress Tells Us
Li-wen Tung Xi Jinping Stands at the Crossroads What the 19th Party Congress Tells Us Prospect Foundation 2018 PROSPECT FOUNDATION Xi Jinping Stands at the Crossroads What the 19th Party Congress Tells Us Author: Li-wen Tung(董立文) First Published: March 2018 Prospect Foundation Chairman: Tan-sun Chen, Ph.D.(陳唐山) President: I-chung Lai, Ph.D.(賴怡忠) Publishing Department Chief Editor: Chung-cheng Chen, Ph.D.(陳重成) Executive Editor: Julia Chu(朱春梅) Wei-min Liu(劉維民) Editor: Yu-chih Chen(陳昱誌) Published by PROSPECT FOUNDATION No. 1, Lane 60, Sec. 3, Tingzhou Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: 886-2-23654366 This article is also available online at http://www.pf.org.tw All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-986-89374-6-8 Prospect Foundation The Prospect Foundation (hereafter as the Foundation), a private, non-profit research organization, was founded on the third of March 1997 in Taipei in the Republic of China on Taiwan. Strictly non-partisan, the Foundation enjoys academic and administrative independence. The Foundation is dedicated to providing her clients government agencies, private enterprises and academic institutions with pragmatic and comprehensive policy analysis on current crucial issues in the areas of Cross-Strait relations, foreign policy, national security, international relations, strategic studies, and international business. The Foundation seeks to serve as a research center linking government agencies, private enterprises and academic institutions in terms of information integration and policy analysis. -
FICHA PAÍS China República Popular (De) China
OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS China República Popular (de) China La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios, no defendiendo posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. OCTUBRE 2020 los grupos étnicos de usar sus propias lenguas; hay seis lenguas principales China en China, además del Mandarín. Moneda: La moneda oficial de la República Popular China es el Renminbi (RMB), que se traduce como “moneda del pueblo, o Yuan (CNY). Cotización media del euro en 2019, 1 euro/ 7,73. Religión: Las religiones tradicionales de China son el Taoísmo y Budismo; RUSIA el Confucianismo es un sistema de conducta con enorme influencia en la KAZAJISTÁN historia del país. Estimaciones de los practicantes de las distintas creen- cias son difíciles de realizar. No obstante algunos cálculos señalan: Taoísmo MONGOLIA Heilongjlang (aprox. 20 millones); Budismo (aprox. 100 millones); Cristianismo: Católicos Urumchi Mongolia Interior Jilin (aprox. 5 millones), Protestantes, (aprox. 15 millones); Musulmanes: (aprox. KIRGUISTÁN 20 millones). Gansu PEKÍN COREA DEL NORTE Ningxia Hebel Forma de Estado: República. COREA DEL SUR PAKISTÁN Qinghai Presidente: Xi Jinping (desde marzo de 2013). Tibet Henan (Xizang) Vicepresidente: Wang Qishan (desde marzo de 2018). Anhui Sichuan Shanghai Primer Ministro: Li Keqiang (desde marzo de 2013). Zhejiang NEPAL Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores: Wang Yi (desde marzo 2013). -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement May 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC .......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 44 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 45 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 52 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 May 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement October 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 44 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 48 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 49 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 56 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 60 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 October 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com. -
CCICED Update No.1 of 2015
September , 2015 Issue 1 of 2015 Publisher: CCICED Secretariat Feedback Link CCICED Activities ■ CCICED Roundtable 2015 On May 18-19, China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) held its 2015 Roundtable meeting in Shanghai, inviting council members, former research project co-chairs, renowned scholars, industry leaders, donor representatives, and government officials studying at the China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong (CELAP), to sit 1 together and discuss China’s green transformation. “China’s economic growth has entered the stage of “New Normal”, which is accompanied by severe environmental challenges,” said Mr. Li Ganjie, CCICED Secretary General and Vice Minister of Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP). “How to deal with the relationship between environment and development under this “New Normal” puts to the test our governance skills and our capacity to serve the people.” Li noted Beijing’s new focus on “greenization” and recent actions to build an ecological civilization, pointing out that effective greenization requires not only national initiatives such as legislation, institutional arrangements and policy guidance, but also reforms and innovations at all levels of government. He stressed the importance of raising public awareness through environmental education campaigns, which will bolster progress towards ecological civilization goals. Under the theme of “Modernization of National Governance and Green Transformation”, this year’s Roundtable Meeting allowed the CCICED to share its policy recommendations on eco-environmental redlining, media and public participation policies to promote China’s green development, green accounting and environmental performance evaluation, as well as green supply chains. It also offered local officials opportunities to raise both questions and challenges, and to share their experience in greening China’s development. -
July 2018 a Window to the Nation a Welcome to the World Vol
中国 画报 July 2018 A Window to the Nation A Welcome to the World Vol. 841 Shenzhen 40 Years Up 国内零售价: 10元 12-13 52-55 70-73 USA $5.10 UK ₤3.20 Australia $9.10 Europe €5.20 SCO Qingdao Brave New Beautiful Canada $7.80 Turkey TL.10.00 Summit: World of Ancient Things Cooperation for Chinese in the Palace 2-903 CN11-1429/Z the Future Sci-Fi Museum 邮发代号 可绕地球赤道栽种树木按已达塞罕坝机械林场的森林覆盖率寒来暑往,沙地变林海,荒原成绿洲。半个多世纪,三代人耕耘。牢记使命 80% , 1 米株距排开, 艰苦创业 12 圈。 绿色发展 Saihanba is a cold alpine area in northern Hebei Province bordering the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was once a barren land but is now home to 75,000 hectares of forest, thanks to the labor of generations of forestry workers in the past 55 years. Every year the forest purifies 137 million cubic meters of water and absorbs 747,000 tons of carbon dioxide. The forest produces 12 billion yuan (around US$1.8 bil- lion) of ecological value annually, according to the Chinese Academy of Forestry. July 2O18 Administrative Agency: China International Publishing Group 主管:中国外文出版发行事业局 (中国国际出版集团) Publisher: China Pictorial Publications 主办: 社 Address: 33 Chegongzhuang Xilu 社址: Haidian, Beijing 100048 北京市海淀区车公庄西路33号 邮编: 100048 Email: [email protected] : [email protected] 邮箱 President: Yu Tao 社长: 于 涛 Editorial Board: Yu Tao, Li Xia, He Peng 编委会: Wang Lei, Bao Linfu, Yu Jia, Yan Ying 于 涛、李 霞、贺 鹏 王 磊、鲍林富、于 佳、闫 颖 Editor-in-Chief: Li Xia 总编辑: 李 霞 Editorial Directors: Wen Zhihong, Qiao Zhenqi 编辑部主任: 温志宏、乔振祺 English Editor: Liu Haile 英文定稿: 刘海乐 Editorial Consultants: Scott Huntsman, Mithila -
Ministry Touts Plan to Improve Infrastructure
CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Thursday, January 14, 2021 | 5 CHINA Planting fruit helps Healthy after 100 days Late report bring prosperity to of mine Aksu in Xinjiang blast leads By MAO WEIHUA in Urumqi for orchards or fruit companies to discipline and CHEN MEILING regardless of their age, as long as they’re healthy, willing and able to By ZHAO RUIXUE in Jinan Saypidin Yasin said planting and work, said Yang Xiaoyan, an offi- [email protected] selling walnuts has changed his cial of Baicheng’s agriculture and life in the Xinjiang Uygur autono- rural affairs bureau. Those responsible for the late mous region. “For example, 90 percent of the reporting of an explosion at a gold He used to take odd jobs to sup- workers at our potato starch facto- mine under construction in eastern port his family of four in Yalhuz ry are from poor families,” Yang China have been placed under con- Terak village, Aksu prefecture. said. trol, according to a news confer- Despite working hard, his annual “Our fruit business is expand- ence on Wednesday, as rescue income was about 10,000 yuan ing, and the white apricots and teams were racing to save workers ($1,544) — hardly enough to cover grapes are well enjoyed by cus- trapped underground. expenses. tomers. With further development The blast occurred at 2 pm on He learned that many of his of the business, more jobs will be Sunday at the Hushan mine in Qi- neighbors had made big money by created.” xia, under the administration of planting walnuts, and he decided In the past, farmers mainly Yantai city in Shandong province. -
Chinese Politics in the Xi Jingping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership
CHAPTER 1 Governance Collective Leadership Revisited Th ings don’t have to be or look identical in order to be balanced or equal. ڄ Maya Lin — his book examines how the structure and dynamics of the leadership of Tthe Chinese Communist Party (CCP) have evolved in response to the chal- lenges the party has confronted since the late 1990s. Th is study pays special attention to the issue of leadership se lection and composition, which is a per- petual concern in Chinese politics. Using both quantitative and qualitative analyses, this volume assesses the changing nature of elite recruitment, the generational attributes of the leadership, the checks and balances between competing po liti cal co ali tions or factions, the behavioral patterns and insti- tutional constraints of heavyweight politicians in the collective leadership, and the interplay between elite politics and broad changes in Chinese society. Th is study also links new trends in elite politics to emerging currents within the Chinese intellectual discourse on the tension between strongman politics and collective leadership and its implications for po liti cal reforms. A systematic analy sis of these developments— and some seeming contradictions— will help shed valuable light on how the world’s most populous country will be governed in the remaining years of the Xi Jinping era and beyond. Th is study argues that the survival of the CCP regime in the wake of major po liti cal crises such as the Bo Xilai episode and rampant offi cial cor- ruption is not due to “authoritarian resilience”— the capacity of the Chinese communist system to resist po liti cal and institutional changes—as some foreign China analysts have theorized. -
The Environment and Climate Change
THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE Findings • During the Commission’s 2020 reporting year, top Chinese Communist Party and government officials continued to high- light the importance of protecting the environment, yet envi- ronmental pollution remained a major challenge in China. Pol- lution remained a challenge due in part to authorities’ top- down approach to environmental problems, uneven enforce- ment, transparency shortcomings, and the suppression and de- tention of environmental researchers and advocates. • The Party continued to control environmental protection ef- forts, and in April 2020, Sun Jinlong was appointed Party Sec- retary and Vice Minister of Ecology and the Environment. Pre- viously, Sun had been Party Secretary of the paramilitary Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Despite wide- spread international criticism, reports emerged in November 2019 and March 2020 that Chinese authorities were reportedly planning to execute environmental researcher and former Xinjiang University President Tashpolat Teyip. • In 2019, although an estimated 71 percent of China’s power plants were more expensive to run than building new renew- ables, coal-fired power plant capacity increased by around 40 gigawatts (GW) (a 4-percent increase). Analysis of officially re- ported Chinese government data indicated that carbon dioxide emissions in China increased by approximately 2 percent. Do- mestic and international environmental organizations raised concerns that China’s planned economic stimulus measures may promote the use of coal and investment in heavily pol- luting industries, resulting in significant additional environ- mental pollution. • Although Chinese and international concern focused on the zoonotic origin of the novel coronavirus, the Chinese govern- ment continued to permit wildlife trade for traditional Chinese medicine.