DOCSLIB.ORG

Representations of Cow and Calf in Minoan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Representations of Cow and Calf in Minoan This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Representations of the Cow and Calf in Minoan Art Eleanor Loughlin Ph. D The University of Edinburgh 2000 #' .. '. ::... ,_.) ·..,~ . CONTENTS Acknowledgements Abstract ii Lists of Figures and Plates iii Abbreviations ix Chapter 1: Introduction I Chronology 2 Defining an Approach: Representation and Meaning 3 Chapter 2: Neolithic and Bronze Age Cretan Cattle 12 Wild Cattle 13 'Domestication,: Concept and Definition 13 Osteological and Behavioural Changes in Domesticated Cattle 14 The Domestication ofCattle 16 The Origins ofDomesticated Cattle Milking Motive Power Diverse Production Systems and Priorities Crete: Background 22 The Archaeological Evidence of Cattle on Crete 27 The Origins and Development ofCretan Agriculture The Development ofProduction and Exploitation Strategies Cretan Domestic, Wild and Feral Cattle? The Containment ofAnimals The Role of Cattle in the Cretan Agricultural System 40 Traction: Transportation and Ploughing Milking and Milk Processing The Utilisation of Cattle Faeces Specific Contextual Evidence; Consumption and Ritualistic Practices Recycling and Secondary Usage: Bones Leather, Glue and Fat Linear A and B Texts Conclusion 63 Chapter 3: The Representation of Cows and Calves 69 Introduction 69 The Cow and Calf 70 Faience Plaques Clay Larnakes Ivory Carvings Seals and Sealings Representations of Cows and Calves The Process of Identification: Naturalism 80 Animal Behaviour Pose Types 85 Compositional Factors 86 The Frequency and Types of Filling Motifs 89 Decoration on other Faces 91 Distinguishing Cows and Calves from other Animals Represented with Young 91 Conclusion 99 Chapter 4: Calves and Young Cattle 102 Terminology 102 Seals and Sealings 103 The Process of Identification 106 Three-dimensional Representations of Calves and Young Cattle 112 Behavioural Traits 114 The EM- MM Origins ofthe Image? 119 Conclusion 121 Chapter 5: Interpretations of the Images of Cows, Calves and Young Cattle 122 Minoan Religion 123 Animals in Minoan Art and Religion The Female in Religion The Interpretation of Prehistoric Greek Images of Women The Minoan Goddess? Cows, Calves and Young Cattle in Minoan Art 13 7 Cows, Calves and Young Cattle in the Agricultural Context 143 Agriculture, Religion and Ritual 148 Cows, Calves and Young Cattle: Images ofLife and Death ISO Conclusion 156 Appendix A: Bronze Age representations of(l) Animals suckling 160 (2) calves and young cattle. Appendix B: (I) Animal Pose Types (Younger 1988~ 1993) 164 (2) Cow & Calf Pose Types Appendix C: Variations between CMS and other Description of 166 Calves and Young Cattle. Appendix D: Later Cretan Comparable Evidence 167 Appendix E: Representations of Cattle, Cattle Heads, Bucrania, and 175 Bovine/people in Cretan Glyptic Bibliography 214 Plates (separate wallet) Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr R.L.N. Barber for patiently putting up with my odd ways and proving a constant source of encouragement, enthusiasm and sound advice. I am also grateful to Dr G. Davies and Professor K. Kotsakis for their thoughtful comments and advice. This thesis is based on frrst hand study of the material. This was made possible by a Greek Government Scholarship, an Erasmus Grant, an Edinburgh University Baldwin Brown Scholarship and the generosity of the Thera Foundation. Many thanks also to the organisations and individuals who have made these periods of study both worthwhile and enjoyable, particularly staff and fellow students at Heraklion Museum, the Ashmo1ean Museum, the University of Thessaloniki, the British School at Athens and Villa Ariadne, Knossos. I am also much in debt to Dr D. Coli on, Dr I. Lemos, Dr J. Palaima, Professor E. Peltenberg and Dr N. Wyatt for advice and assistance and in particular, Dr N. Angelopoulou, Dr R. Harte, Dr. L. Morgan, Dr P. Warren, Dr S. Williams and Dr. M. Winder for allowing me to refer their unpublished material. Many thanks to friends in Greece and Britain for invaluable advice, an astounding range of cattle puns and many contributions to what has now become a fine collection of cow memorabilia! I owe much to Alison Johnson. Memories of her unquestioning friendship, generous spirit and determination have kept the whole thing in perspective. I am certain that I would not have started, let alone completed, this thesis without the unening support and encouragement of my family. In particular, I owe my sanity to John who has kept my feet on the ground and proved an endless source of Fortean cow facts. Abstract Research into the depiction of cattle in Minoan Art ha'i concentrated on representations of interaction between men and cattle, in particular, the images of bull sports. This emphasis has detracted from other types of cattle imagery. In this thesis the representation of the cow and calf in Minoan glyptic is assessed. Discussion of representation and meaning are of equal value, as a full understanding of the potential meaning of an image is dependent upon a detailed knowledge of what is represented. Specific anatomical and behavioural details described in the images are therefore compared with known physiological and behavioural characteristics. The Bronze Age representations are found to be very accurate and detailed in their description of the relationship between the cow and calf. Both the aesthetic and social contexts of the image are discussed in detail. The majority of representations of cows and calves are found on seals and sealings. The size, shape and restrictions of the medium as well as the range of potential uses of the stones (administrative, amuletic, jewellery) are considered. Fauna! evidence from Bronze Age Crete and accounts of cattle in Linear B texts confirm the importance of bovines as an integral part of the agricultural system as well as providing evidence of the range of cattle exploited. In discussing the potential meaning of the image, the survey draws on Bronze Age Aegean, Near Eastern and Egyptian evidence and later Greek (in particular Cretan) examples. Evidence from unrelated societies in which the cow is prominent is used as evidence of the diversity of possible meaning. The thesis concludes that it is not possible to categorise the image as specifically religious or secular; the range of potential meanings reflect the importance of the animal in all aspects of Minoan society. Lists of Figures and Plates All figures are referenced in the text in square brackets [fig. ] . Plates, referenced in the text in square brackets and labeled as 'No.' [No.], are found at the end of the thesis (separate wallet). The plates, Nos. I-I67 are images of cows, calves, young cattle and animals suckling young, listed in Appendix A. To avoid confusion, they are given the same number in the text references to plates [No ..... ] and Appendix A. As only those discussed in the text are included as plates, there are gaps in list of plates. Chapter 1 I. I Wall painting, 'La Parisienne', Campstool Fresco, Knossos, LM 11- IllA; from Evans I935:pl. XXXI. I.2 Painted sarcophagus (detail), Ayia Triada, LM IliA; from Long I974:fig. 52. I.3 Lentoid seal, unknown origin, LH IDA (dated stylistically); from CMS VIII77. Chapter 2 2.I Egyptian wall decoration, probably from a 5th Dynasty tomb, Saqqara; Dresden AlbertinwnAeg 75I; from Harpur I985:fig. 8. 2.2 Egyptian wall decoration, Tomb of Ti, Saqqara (c. 2650-2400 BC.); from Amoroso & Jewel1I963:pl. XIV c. 2.3 Egyptian wall decoration, Mastaba of Ptah-hotep 11 and Akhet-hotep, Saqqara;. from Davies 190 I :pi. XVII. 2.4 Uruk cylinder seal, late 4th millennium; from Sherratt I~8I:fig. IO.I2. 2.5 Mesopotamian cylinder seal (La Haye Cylinder Seal); from Amoroso & Jewell I963 :pi. XVb. 2.6 Clay Sealing, Ayia Triada, LM; from AT 60. 2.7 Terracotta Bull Rhyton, Pseira, LM lA; from Guggisberg I996: pl. 37 I-2. 2.8 Clay model of an ass carrying jars, Phaistos, LM (Evans) LM IIIC (Crouwel); from Higgins I967: fig. 153. 2.9 Limestome relief, Ur; from Amoroso & Jewelli963:pl. XVc. 2.IO Egyptian Wall Decoration, Tomb of Kheni, El-Hawawish, 6th Dynasty; from Kanawati I99I : fig. I. 2.1I Three-sided prism seal, Mallia, stonecutter's workshop, MM I - 11; from CMS 112 I 51. 2.I2 Three-sided prism seal, Gonies, MM I -Ill; from CMS 112 224. 2.I3 Shoulder of a black figure Hydria (detail), Attic, 520-5IO BC; from Noble I966: fig. 78. 2.I4 Three sided prism seal, Mallia, stonecutter's workshop, MM I - ll; from CMS II2 178. 2.15 Tondo of a black figure kylix, 7th- 6th Centuries BC; from Burford 1972: fig. I4. 2.I6 Three-sided prism seal, Ayia Charalambos, Lasithi, MM; from CMS VS lA 43. 2.17 Wall painting, 'Shield Frieze', Knossos; from Evans 1930:30 I-8, pl. XXIII. 2.I8 Wall painting, stem cabin (detail) from 'Stem Cabin Fresco', Akrotiri; from Morgan I988:fig. 97. 2.19 Wall painting, Taureador Panel, Knossos; from Evans 1930:fig. 144. Chapter 3 3.1 Faience plaque (fragment), Knossos, MM-LM lA; from Evans I921b:5I2, fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Artist and Entrepreneur
    Artist and Entrepreneur Identifying and developing key qualifications pertaining cultural entrepreneurship for musical acts Eskil Immanuel Holm Jessen Master thesis at the Institute of Musicology UNIVERSITY OF OSLO May 2018 II Foreword I would like to thank my supervisor Per Ole Hagen for all his encouragement, inspiration and initiative, without which I would have been in a sorry state. I would like to thank my respondents for their participation, without which this thesis would never have seen the light of day. They have been eager to share of their knowledge of the music industries and their thoughts and perspectives regarding artists they work with, I will be forever grateful to them. A great deal of gratitude is sent in the direction of my good friend Milad Amouzegar, who has been a great team player through this entire endeavor, I thank you for all our long nights and early mornings of writing, proofreading and discussing our theses. To all my friends and family whom has been unrelenting in their belief and support these last two years, my deepest and most sincere thanks, you are all a part of this. Lastly, I would like to thank the institute of musicology for the opportunity to realize this thesis and especially Associate Professor Kyle Devine who made me realize just how exiting musicology can be at its best. Oslo, May 1st 2018 Eskil Immanuel Holm Jessen III IV Identifying and developing key qualifications pertaining cultural entrepreneurship for musical acts Eskil Immanuel H. Jessen Institute of Musicology V Copyright Eskil Immanuel H. Jessen 2018 Artist and Entrepreneur: Identifying and developing key qualifications pertaining cultural entrepreneurship for musical acts Eskil Immanuel H.
    [Show full text]
  • To Israelite
    From ‘Proud Monkey’ to Israelite Tracing Kendrick Lamar’s Black Consciousness Thesis by Romy Koreman Master of Arts Media Studies: Comparative Literature and Literary Theory Supervisor: Dr. Maria Boletsi Leiden University, April 2019 2 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 1: Theoretical framework ............................................................................................................. 9 W.E.B. Du Bois’ double-consciousness ............................................................................................... 9 Regular and critical double-consciousness ......................................................................................... 13 Chapter 2: To Pimp A Butterfly ................................................................................................................... 17 “Wesley’s Theory”.................................................................................................................................. 18 “Institutionalized” .................................................................................................................................. 20 “Alright” .................................................................................................................................................. 23 “Complexion” ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Iowan (Iowa City, Iowa), 1952-01-19
    ~ The Weather On The Inside ContiDlled mild w.,. wiUJ. _uloDaI .bowen. tram Other eou.q. Sancla,. coWer -.nil ..... Pav- I alble IDOW. Rlab 1Oday. Former UN l)eleqcne Speaks 50; low. 30. Rlfb Frlcta7 • . Pd9. S 41; low, n. Iowa Prepares for MlDDetIOta • at • • • paqe 4 Est. 1868 - AP Leased Wire, AP Wirephoto - Five Centa Outsiders Called NATO Naval Command, I • To Aid In CI,eanup WASHINGTON (JP) - Attorney To Go To An America'n' General McGrath said Friday Bills fo, letty as - nilht he will use "outside attor­ neys" as special assistants in a England To Get drive to sweep wrongdoers out of Balm Denied for Cows' .Sore Feel the federal government. • Tots Swell LITTLETON, COLO. (JP) - Damages for mental sufferi ng cannot In his flrst public comment on be claimed because your cows hove sore feet, District Judge Harold J . Davies l"Uled Thur'day. 1 Million Tons the ' task to wh ich Presidllnt Tru­ Gleen and Ado Pog chatged their neighbor, W. H. Lane, built a man has assigned him. McGrath Polio Fund "spite" rence along hiS ploperty, callsing them to drive their dairy said the outside attorneys will be herd over a longer route to pasture, resulting I n loss of mHk produc­ Of u.s: Steel selected on a basis or merit and tion, sore feei fOl' the cows ond mental ongulsh ror the owners. qualification "without any parti­ A one-dollar* *blll *doesn't last Judge Davies threw out the mental anguish charge on which they WASHINGTON (JP) - Prime san consideration." long any more when It comes to asked $15,000 damages.
    [Show full text]
  • Pantes Theoi, Polemos and Ares on the Battlefield. the Greek Concept of the War Deity
    SYMBOLAE PHILOLOGORUM POSNANIENSIUM GRAECAE ET LATINAE XXI/1 • 2011 pp. 41–48. ISBN 978-83-7654-160-0. ISSN 0302-7384 Lucyna Kostuch Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczego Jana Kochanowskiego ul. Żeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce Polska – Poland Pantes theoi, Polemos and Ares on the Battlefield. The Greek Concept of the War Deity AbstrAct. Kostuch Lucyna, Pantes theoi, Polemos and Ares on the Battlefield. The Greek Concept of the War deity. The Hellenes created a concept of potential military engagement by all the gods. In martial contexts, Greek authors often included the concepts of “all the gods” (pantes theoi), “the gods” (theoi), “god” (theos), divine being (daimonion) and holy power (hieros), which signify interference by unidentified divine forces. The relationship between war and gods may thus be defined ex definitione. The question arises as to the basis of this way of thinking. It seems that the answer should be sought in the basic definition of war – polemos. War is only occasionally personified. The answer to the question of why Polemos never became a clearly defined divine figure and mythological hero can be found in Homer. In the Iliad many deities, although not all, have military might (polemos) at their disposal and participate in directing martial activities. It is for this very reason that this force never became an independent one – war arises as a result of what can be termed a divine “chain reaction”. The existence of war is thus dependent on the gods who make it active as the result of a stimulus. It is significant that Ares, just like Polemos, is not fully autonomous.
    [Show full text]
  • Orienting Fandom: the Discursive Production of Sports and Speculative Media Fandom in the Internet Era
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository ORIENTING FANDOM: THE DISCURSIVE PRODUCTION OF SPORTS AND SPECULATIVE MEDIA FANDOM IN THE INTERNET ERA BY MEL STANFILL DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communications with minors in Gender and Women’s Studies and Queer Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor CL Cole, Co-Chair Associate Professor Siobhan Somerville, Co-Chair Professor Cameron McCarthy Assistant Professor Anita Chan ABSTRACT This project inquires into the constitution and consequences of the changing relationship between media industry and audiences after the Internet. Because fans have traditionally been associated with an especially participatory relationship to the object of fandom, the shift to a norm of media interactivity would seem to position the fan as the new ideal consumer; thus, I examine the extent to which fans are actually rendered ideal and in what ways in order to assess emerging norms of media reception in the Internet era. Drawing on a large archive consisting of websites for sports and speculative media companies; interviews with industry workers who produce content for fans; and film, television, web series, and news representations from 1994-2009 in a form of qualitative big data research—drawing broadly on large bodies of data but with attention to depth and texture—I look critically at how two media industries, speculative media and sports, have understood and constructed a normative idea of audiencing.
    [Show full text]
  • Medienmitteilung (Quelle: Open Air Gampel)
    Programm-Release III Open Air Gampel 14.-17.08.2014 «The best party of my life» Mit den bisherigen Bestätigungen hat ‚Gampel‘ mit Volbeat, Marilyn Manson, Mandio Diao und anderen bereits einige heisse Perlen angekündigt. Das mittlerweile dritte Bandpaket steht nun für das, was ‚Gampel‘ gross macht: nämlich «Ischi Party»! Und um dem gerecht zu werden, musste der ultimative Partykracher her – überraschend und exklusiv! Einfach Scooter! Scooter mit «20 years of hardcore» verkauften weltweit über 30 Millionen Tonträger und waren während über 500 Wochen in den Charts vertreten. In Kürze erscheint mit «The fifth chapter» das brandneue Album. In dieselbe Kerbe schlagen Clean Bandit. Mit ihrem Nummer-Eins-Hit «Rather be» gehören sie in den Charts, Clubs und auch auf den Bühnen zu den grossen Newcomern dieses Jahres. Auch die Band American Authors hat eine grosse Chartpräsenz. Ihr Folk-Song «Best day of my life» steht rund um den Globus praktisch überall in den Top10. In Amerika wurde der Track bereits über 1 Million mal verkauft. Auch das diesjährige DJ-Line-up ist vollgespickt mit vielen Chartstürmern; unter ihnen Faul & Wad AD, Remady & Manu L, DJ ZsuZsu und Alex Price. Ergänzt wird dieses Bandpaket mit Bear Hands, einer Indie-Rock-Band mit grosse Zukunft, den Tessinern von Sinplus, den experimentierfreudigen Yokko, den Top-5-Rappern von Lo & Leduc, dem unverwüstlichen Plüsch-Urgetier Ritschi und vor allem mit den mysteriösen Kadebostany. Es ist dies wohl eine der derzeit spannendsten Bands schweizweit mit einem riesigen internationalen Potential. Freuen darf man sich auch auf die Verpflichtung der Kyle Gass Band, der einen Hälfte des sensationellen Duos Tenacious D.
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina State Champions
    NORTH CAROLINA JUNIOR STATE CLOSED CHAMPIONS by age division Boys’ 10s 1979 Singles: Michael Leonard (Laurinburg) def Sammy Stinnet (Bess City) Doubles: Michael Leonard (Laurinburg) / Victor Meir (Raleigh) def John Bristow (Hendersonville) / Joel Adelman (Greensboro) 1980 Singles: Victor Meir (Raleigh) def Willie Ellison (Laurinburg) Doubles: Willie Ellison (Laurinburg) / Scott Fligel (Charlotte) def ?? 1981 Singles: John Moody (Greensboro) def Marshall Burroughs (Raleigh) Doubles: John Moody (Greensboro) / Jon Hodges (Henderson) def Thomas Arnold/ John Ferguson 1982 Singles: Chad Alala (Hickory) def Marshall Burroughs (Raleigh) Doubles: Chad Alala (Hickory) / Marshall Burroughs (Raleigh) def Ako Barnes (Greensboro) / David Kim (Hickory) 1983 Singles: Peter Ayers (Charlotte) def Matt Rogers (High Point) Doubles: Matt Rogers (High Point) / Robert Wein (Greensboro) def Peter Ayers (Charlotte) / Mark Smith (Morganton) 1984 Singles: Stuart Sherrill (Charlotte) def Chris Hill (Chapel Hill) Doubles: Stuart Sherill (Charlotte) / Chris Hill (Chapel Hill) def Chris Menocal (Wilmington) / Jay Parker (Goldsboro) 1985 Singles: Jimmy Jackson (Chapel Hill) def Quentin Huff (Winston-Salem) Doubles: Chris Menocal (Wilmington) / Dan Parham (Wilson) def Ben Rubin (Winston-Salem) / Quentin Huff (Winston-Salem) 1986 Singles: David Britt (Charlotte) def. Ted Kaplan (Chapel Hill) Doubles: David Britt (Charlotte) / Rashad Simpson (Greensboro) def Chad Copenhaver (Hendersonville) / Ryan Fleming (Asheville) 1987 Singles: Rashad Simpson (Greensboro) def Fritz
    [Show full text]
  • Scooter Am 28. August 2015 Open Air Auf Der Trabrennbahn Bahrenfeld
    FKP Scorpio Konzertproduktionen GmbH Große Elbstr. 277 a ∙ 22767 Hamburg Tel. (040) 853 88 888 ∙ www.fkpscorpio.com PRESSEMITTEILUNG 21.10.2014 Hyper Hyper – dritte Bestätigung für den Hamburger Kultursommer 2015: Scooter am 28. August 2015 Open Air auf der Trabrennbahn Bahrenfeld Der nächste Hamburger Kultursommer wird heiß – Scooter ist bestätigt! Die Techno- Pioniere bilden nicht nur eine der erfolgreichsten deutschen Bands überhaupt. Das Trio um Tausendsassa H.P. Baxxter ist die Garantie dafür, dass alle abgehen werden wie eine Rakete. Wenn die Hamburger Lokalmatadoren im nächsten Jahr am 28. August auf die Bühne der Trabrennbahn Bahrenfeld treten werden, wird die Stadt zu Beben beginnen! Am 26. September erschien das neue Album von Scooter, „The Fifth Chapter“. Darauf wagt die Band im 20. Jahr ihres Bestehens noch einmal alles. Die Platte klingt durchweg modern, es ist ein von subtiler, bisweilen dadaistischer Selbstironie durch- drungenes Album, bei dem nicht, wie so oft in der Vergangenheit, von Single zu Single geschritten wird, sondern das wie ein klassisches Pop-Album einen echten Spannungsbogen besitzt – die Band bleibt sich bei ihrem mittlerweile 17. Studioalbum natürlich trotzdem treu. Eine Generalüberholung ist nötig gewesen. Der Abschied von Gründungsmitglied Rick J. Jordan hatte eine klaffende Lücke im Bandgefüge hinterlassen. H.P. Baxxter sah sich als „Maximo Leader“ und einziges verbliebenes Mitglied der Ur-Besetzung mit einem Mal mit noch größerer musikalischer Autorität ausgestattet als zuvor. 23 Top Ten-Hits, 30 Millionen verkaufte Tonträger und über 90 Gold- und Platin-Awards weltweit – besser geht es eigentlich nicht, was soll da noch kommen? H.P. fand mit Phil Speiser als dritten im Bunde und an den Synthesizern einen neuen Mitstreiter, der sich so stark in der Gegenwart der Produktionstechnik bewegte, dass jedes Arbeiten an einem neuen Track zu einem Sparring wie beim Boxen wurde.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Bugle
    2 r e The evolution t p a h C of the bugle by Scooter Pirtle L Introduction activity ponders how it will adapt itself to the ceremonies, magical rites, circumcisions, When one thinks of the evolution of the future, it may prove beneficial to review the burials and sunset ceremonies -- to ensure bugle used by drum and bugle corps, a manner by which similar ensembles that the disappearing sun would return. timeline beginning in the early 20th Century addressed their futures over a century ago. Women were sometimes excluded from might come to mind. any contact with the instrument. In some While the American competitive drum and A very brief history of the Amazon tribes, any woman who even glanced bugle corps activity technically began with trumpet and bugle at a trumpet was killed. 2 Trumpets such as the American Legion following the First through the 18th Century these can still be found in the primitive World War (1914-1918), many innovations cultures of New Guinea and northwest Brazil, had already occurred that would guide the L Ancient rituals as well as in the form of the Australian evolution of the bugle to the present day and Early trumpets bear little resemblance to didjeridu.” 3 beyond. trumpets and bugles used today. They were Throughout ancient civilization, the color Presented in this chapter is a narrative on straight instruments with no mouthpiece and red was associated with early trumpets. This important events in the evolution of the no flaring bell. Used as megaphones instead could probably be explained by the presence bugle.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazilian Internet Bill Of
    Brazil’s Internet Bill of Rights: A Closer Look Carlos Affonso Souza, Mario Viola & Ronaldo Lemos (eds.) Brazil’s Internet Bill of Rights: A Closer Look Carlos Affonso Souza, Mario Viola & Ronaldo Lemos (eds.) Second Edition © 2017 Institute for Technology and Society of Rio de Janeiro (ITS Rio) Editing Carlos Affonso Souza, Mario Viola & Ronaldo Lemos Revision Beatriz Nunes Cover and design Thiago Dias Publication, bound and print Editar Editora Associada – Juiz de Fora – MG, Brazil +55 32 3213-2529 / +55 32 3241-2670 International data for the purposes of cataloging of the publication S719b Souza, Carlos Affonso V795b Viola, Mario L544b Lemos, Ronaldo Brazil’s Internet Bill of Rights: A Closer Look / Carlos Affonso Souza, Mario Viola & Ronaldo Lemos. ___________________ ISBN: 978-85- 7851-172- 2 1. Information technology. 2. Internet. CDD 004 CDU 004.7 License under Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) For more information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Summary 5 Introduction 7 Law no. 12.965 of April 23, 2014 (The Internet Bill of Rights) 29 Brazil’s Internet Bill of Rights Regulatory Decree no. 8.771/2016 41 Ronaldo Lemos 1. The Internet Bill of Rights as an Example of Multistakeholderism 51 Sérgio Branco 2. Notes on Brazilian Internet Regulation 71 Celina M.A. Bottino and Fabro Steibel 3. A Collaborative and Open Internet Bill: the policy-making process of the Internet Bill of Rights 81 Mario Viola 4. Data Protection & Privacy in the Internet Era: the Internet Bill of Rights 89 Carlos Affonso Souza 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Skate Life: Re-Imagining White Masculinity by Emily Chivers Yochim
    /A7J;(?<; technologies of the imagination new media in everyday life Ellen Seiter and Mimi Ito, Series Editors This book series showcases the best ethnographic research today on engagement with digital and convergent media. Taking up in-depth portraits of different aspects of living and growing up in a media-saturated era, the series takes an innovative approach to the genre of the ethnographic monograph. Through detailed case studies, the books explore practices at the forefront of media change through vivid description analyzed in relation to social, cultural, and historical context. New media practice is embedded in the routines, rituals, and institutions—both public and domestic—of everyday life. The books portray both average and exceptional practices but all grounded in a descriptive frame that ren- ders even exotic practices understandable. Rather than taking media content or technol- ogy as determining, the books focus on the productive dimensions of everyday media practice, particularly of children and youth. The emphasis is on how specific communities make meanings in their engagement with convergent media in the context of everyday life, focusing on how media is a site of agency rather than passivity. This ethnographic approach means that the subject matter is accessible and engaging for a curious layperson, as well as providing rich empirical material for an interdisciplinary scholarly community examining new media. Ellen Seiter is Professor of Critical Studies and Stephen K. Nenno Chair in Television Studies, School of Cinematic Arts, University of Southern California. Her many publi- cations include The Internet Playground: Children’s Access, Entertainment, and Mis- Education; Television and New Media Audiences; and Sold Separately: Children and Parents in Consumer Culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Lyric Genres 57 Andrew Ford
    Genre in Archaic and Classical Greek Poetry: Theories and Models Mnemosyne Supplements monographs on greek and latin language and literature Executive Editor C. Pieper (Leiden University) Editorial Board A. Chaniotis (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton) K.M. Coleman (Harvard University) I.J.F. de Jong (University of Amsterdam) T. Reinhardt (Oxford University) volume 428 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/mns Genre in Archaic and Classical Greek Poetry: Theories and Models Studies in Archaic and Classical Greek Song, Vol. 4 Edited by Margaret Foster Leslie Kurke Naomi Weiss LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Foster, Margaret, 1977- editor. | Kurke, Leslie, editor. | Weiss, Naomi A., 1982- editor. Title: Genre in archaic and classical Greek poetry : theories and models / edited by Margaret Foster, Leslie Kurke, Naomi Weiss. Other titles: Studies in archaic and classical Greek song ; v. 4. Description: Boston : Brill, 2019. | Series: Mnemosyne supplements, 0169-8958 ; volume 428 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019032900 (print) | LCCN 2019032901 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004411425 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004412590 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Greek poetry–History and criticism. | Literary form–History–To 1500. Classification: LCC PA3095 .G46 2019 (print) | LCC PA3095 (ebook) | DDC 881/.0109–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019032900 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019032901 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”.
    [Show full text]