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Satirical Poems of the Time of the Reformation

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SCS . S"T~ES/ £C Cl)c Scottish Cert Socict? SATIRICAL POEMS OF THE TIME OF THE REFORMATION SATIRICAL POEMS OF THE TIME OF THE REFORMATION EDITED BY JAMES CRANSTOUN, LL.D. VOL. I. c A 7 >^ "* / fo i » ^ I W*. ' Prtntct) for tfjc Socfttg bg WIL-LIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCXCI All Rights reserved CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION— PAGE 1. Period and Character of the Poems, . ix 2. Subjects, ....... x 3. Style and Language, ...... xi 4. Authorship, ....... xi 5. Nationality, ....... xii 6. Bibliography, ....... xiii 7. Conclusion, ....... xiv BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES— 1. Thomas Jenye, ....... xvii 2. Robert Sempill, ....... xxv 3. Sir William Kirkaldy, . xxxix 4. Sir John Maitland, ...... xliii 5. John Davidson, ....... xlv 6. Nicol Burne, ....... lii 7. Robert Lekpreuik, Printer of the Broadsides, . liv SATIRICAL POEMS— 1. Maister Randolphes Phantasey, . 1 2. Verses underneath an Answer to a Challenge made by the Earl of Bothwell, offering to prove by the law of Armes that he was the chief and author of the foul and horrible murder of the King, ....... 30 3. Heir followis ane Ballat declaring the Nobill and Gude inclina- tion of our King, ...... 31 4. Heir followis the testament and tragedie of vmquhile King Henrie Stewart of gude memorie, . 39 5. Heir followis ane Exhortatioun to the Lordis, . .46 a VI CONTENTS. satirical poems—continued: 6. Ane Exhortatioun derect to my Lord Regent and to the Rest of the Lordis accomplisis, . .52 7. Ane Declaratioun of the Lordis iust quarrel, . -57 8. Ane Ansr maid to ye Sklanderaris yt blasphemis ye Regent and ye rest of ye Lordis, ..... 65 9. A Rhime in defence of the Queen of Scots against the Earl of Murray, ....... 68 10. Ane Tragedie, in forme of ane Diallog betwix Honour, Gude Fame, and the Authour heirof in a Trance, . .82 11. The Complaint of Scotland, . 95 12. The Regentis Tragedie ending with ane exhortatioun, . 100 13. The Deploratioun of the Cruell Murther of James Erie of Murray, vmquhile Regent of Scotland, togidder with ane admonitioun to the Hammiltounis committaris thairof, and to all their Fortifearis, Mantenaris, or assistance, with ane Exhortatioun to the Lordis and Nobilitie, keiparis and defendaris of our Kingis Grace Maiestie, . 108 14. The Kingis Complaint, . .117 15. The Exhortatioun to all plesand thingis quhairin man can haif delyte to withdraw thair plesure from mankynde, and to deploir the Cruell Murther of vmquhile my Lord Regentis Grace, ....... 122 16. The Cruikit liedis the blinde, . .128 17. The Poysonit Schot, . .132 18. The Admonitioun to the Lordis, . 139 19. Maddeis Lamentatioun, . .144 20. Maddeis Proclamatioun, . .149 21. The Spur to the Lordis, ..... 156 22. The Bird in the Cage, ...... 160 23. The hailsome admonitioun, &c., . .165 24. The Tressoun of Dunbartane, . .170 25. Ane Ballat of ye Captane of the Castell, . .174 26. The Exhortatioun to the Lordis, .... 180 27. Ane admonitioun to my Lord Regentis Grace, . 186 28. The Bischoppis lyfe and testament, . • r93 29. A Lewd Ballet, ....... 201 30. My Lord Methwenis Tragedie, ..... 204 31. Ane Premonitioun to the barnis of Leith, . 212 32. The lamentatio of the Comounis of Scotland, . .221 33. The Lamentation of Lady Scotland, compylit be hir self, speik- ing in maner of ane Epistle, in the Moneth of Marche, the Jeir of God 1572, ...... 226 CONTENTS. vii satirical poems—continued: 34. Ane Exclamatioun maid in England vpone the delyuerance of the Erie of Northumberland furth of Lochlevin quho Imme- diatly thairefter wes execute In Yorke. [1572], . 240 35. The Answeir to the Englisch Ballad, .... 244 36. Ane Schorl Inveccyde maid aganis the delyuerance of the erle of Northuberland, ...... 248 37- Aganis Sklanderous Tungis, ..... 254 38. Ane new Ballet set out be ane fugitiue Scottisman that fled out of Paris at this lait Murther, . .257 39. The Sege of the Castel of Edinburgh, .... 262 40. Ane Breif Commendatiovn of Vprichtnes, . 275 41. Ane Schorl Discvrs of the Estaitis quha hes caus to deploir the deith of this Excellent seruand of God, . 290 42. Ane Dialog or Mutuall talking betuix a Clerk and ane Courteour concerning foure Parische Kirks till ane Minister, Collectit out of thair mouthis, and put into verse be a young man quha did then forgather with thame in his lournay, as efter followis, 296 43. Ane Complaint vpon Fortoun, ..... 325 44. Ane Admonition To The Antichristian Ministers In the Deformit Kirk of Scotland, ..... 333 45. Heir followis The Legend of the Bischop of St Androis Lyfe, callit Mr Patrik Adamsone, alias Cousteane, . 346 46. Followis the Ballat maid vpoun Margret Fleming, callit the Flemyng bark in Edinburt, ..... 391 47. Heir followis the defence of Crissell Sandelandis ffor vsing hir- self contrair the Ten Comandis ; Being in Ward for playing of the loun with euery ane list geif hir half a croun, &c., . 394 48. Followis the Ballat maid be Robert Semple of Jonet Reid, Ane Violet, and Ane Quhyt. Being slicht wemen of lyf and con- versatioun, and tavernaris, ..... 398 INTRODUCTION. I.—PERIOD AND CHARACTER OF THE POEMS. The Poems in this Collection cover a period of nearly twenty years (1565-1584). They are almost all of a political or party nature, and are largely tinged with the satirical element. To writings in this vein the Scottish people of the Reformation time were no strangers, for the trenchant productions of Dunbar and Lyndsay had thoroughly permeated the national mind. The fierce struggle between Catholicism and Protest- antism, the avarice and tyranny of the nobles, the unsettled and lawless condition of the Commons, the corruption and immorality that everywhere prevailed, furnished endless themes for the balladist and the satirist. As a natural result, during the latter half of the sixteenth century the country was literally deluged with ballads containing rough- and-ready pictures of passing events ; circumstantial details of deeds of darkness ; satirical effusions directed against those who, from their position or abilities, took a prominent part in affairs secular or sacred ; and in some cases ebulli- tions of spite and rancour and personal abuse. X INTRODUCTION. Considering the way in which these productions were got up and issued—printed in Black Letter on one side of single leaves of paper, and hawked about the country by chapmen and pedlars—the marvel is that any one of them has survived the ravages of chance and time. Fortunately a few have been preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, the Library of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and the Library of the Faculty of Advocates of Edinburgh. Every poetical broadsheet of Scottish origin belonging to the Reformation period, known to exist in these stores of the treasures of the past, is included in this collection. Interspersed with these will be found several manuscript poems which possess considerable interest, inasmuch as they supply missing links or throw additional light on the manners and customs of the time. A few reprints of unique or rare impressions complete the series. II.—SUBJECTS. These Poems, or Ballates as they were generally termed, mainly relate to Queen Mary, Lord Darnley, the Regent Murray, Sir William Maitland of Lethington, Sir William Kirkaldy of Grange, and events in the regencies of Lennox, Mar, and Morton. Some of them are of a purely personal character. A few are of the coarsely humorous type. The bulk of them issued from the side of the Reformers. The Catholic interest is meagrely represented by “A Lewd Ballet,” “Ane Exclamatioun maid in England vpone the Delyuerance of the Erie of Northumberland furth of Loch- levin,” and “Ane Admonition to the Antichristian Ministers in the Deformit Kirk of Scotland.” INTRODUCTION. xi» III.-—STYLE AND LANGUAGE. Interesting as they are as representative of the popular literature of the latter half of the sixteenth century, these ballads evince almost none of that poetic sentiment which so powerfully appeals to human sympathy in the minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. Indeed they are characterised by an almost total absence of poetic feeling. In a literary point of view only two or three at the outside can lay claim to a high degree of merit. Their chief value lies in their bona fide character—in the perfect sincerity, so to speak, in which current events are presented by actual observers. The sameness of subject in many of them detracts from their general interest. They exhibit, moreover, the language in its decline. The growth of the old tongue received a withering check through the influence of the Reformation ; while the repeated appearances of the forces of Elizabeth in the country, the want of a translation of the Scriptures in the Northern dialect, and the scarcity, in the vernacular, of such devotional books as were in use among the early Reformers, opened up the way for the introduction of Southern words and spelling and turns of phrase. Even in the short period of twenty years covered by these poems, the change is very marked. The continued accessions from Southern sources had made sad havoc with the language of Dunbar and Douglas and Lyndsay, and destroyed its dialectic integrity. IV.—AUTHORSHIP. Of the forty-eight poems brought together here, twelve are admittedly by Robert Sempill; three by Sir John Mait- Xll INTRODUCTION. land of Thirlstane; three by John Davidson, one of the leaders of the party of the Reformation ; one by Sir William Kirkaldy of Grange; one probably by Nicol Burne, the Roman Catholic controversialist; and one—the first of the series—by Thomas Jenye, a Yorkshire gentleman, who was associated with Thomas Randolph in his embassy to Scot- land, and afterwards played a conspicuous part in the Rebellion instigated by the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland. The remaining twenty-seven are either pseudonymous or anonymous; but from internal evidence a considerable number of them, notably those emanating from “ Maddie,” may be confidently ascribed to Sempill.
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