11111 New Series Vol . XXXVlll No. 5 • Whole Series Vol. LXVlll No. 1 • January 1978

3 Mission Memo 7 Editorials 8 Ecumenical Worship': What Do We Say To The Father? Charles Faul 12 Barefoot Biblical Scholars Hans-Ruedi Weber 16 Christians and Muslims in the U.S. Exploring New Relationships Tracy Early 19 In Mission Together Ellen Clark 21 "Wipe the Blood Off the Treaties" lndi.1ns of the Americas Voice Their Grievances Peggy Billings 27 Native Americans-Has the Church Stopped Being a Colonizer? Elliott Wright Interviews Billie Nowabbi 30 African Refugees in the Midst of Turmoil J. Harry Haines 34 A Bi-Racial Church in Atlanta Charles W. Lewis, Jr. 36 Letters from Overseas 38 Books 39 Letters 40 The Moving Finger Writes 43 Index to the 1977 New World Outlook

COVER Interior of the Erol Beker Chapel of the Good Shepherd St. Peter's Church, New York City Designed by Louise Nevelson Photograph by Hans Namuth

Editor, Arthur J. Moore; Managing Editor, Charles E. Brewster Associate Editor, Ellen Clark; Art Director, Roger C. Sadler Administrative Assistant, Florence J. Mitchell

475 Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10027 Published Monthly (bimonthly, July-August) by the Board of Global Ministries of the United Methodist Church, Education and Cultlvation Division, in association with the Un ited Presbyterian Church, USA.

Second-class Mail Privileges Authorized at New York, N.Y. Additional Entry at Nashville, Tennessee. Copyright 1978 by Board of Global Ministries of the United Methodist Chu rch. No part of New World Outlook may be reproduced in any form without written permission fro m Editors. Printed in U.S.A.

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PHOTO CREDITS P. 8, Religious America (PBS) ; P. 9, Ken Thompson; Pp. 10, 28 (left) , Toge Fu ji hira, from BOGM ; Pp. 11, 15, 21 (right), 22, 30, 32, Religious News Service; Pp. 12, 27, 28 (middle and rig ht), 29, 36, 37, John C. Goodwin, from BOGM ; Pp.13, 14, Paul Schneiss; Pp.16, 17, 18, Roger C. Sadl er; P.19, Barbara and Leon Howell; Pp. 21 (top left), 23, Diana J. Davies ; Pp. 24, 25 (top) , Hei neman n/foto-present; P. 26 (top), Three Lions ; P. 25 (bottom), Almasy; P. 26 (bottom), Philip Gendreau; P. 33, Church Wo rl d Service; Pp. 34, 35, Charles W. Lewis , Jr . MISSION MEMO News and Analysis of Developments in Christian Mission

January, 1978

South Africa . The recent exoneration of South Africa's security police in the death of Stephen Biko, the country's foremost young black leader, has led the executive of the World Division of BOGM to renew a call for sanctions against that country. Lois C. Miller, associate general secretary for the Division, is­ sued a statement saying, 11 \~ e call upon our government and people of good will around the world to institute all sanctions, material and moral, that will has­ ten the end of one of the world's strongest racist societies . This commitment will be the greatest tribute that we can give to Stephen Biko and the hundreds 11 who have died in South Africa as they sought to stand for human freedom. •• •• In a Christmas letter from Cape Town, Helen Kotze told of the effects of ban­ ninq on her husband, the Rev . Theo Kotze, and other officials of the Christian Institute. Mentioning only some of the restrictions, she pointed out that he is prohibited from attending any gathering of more than two people . "As fa r as we are able to ascertain, this includes fa mily, so that Theo and I cannot meet together with one of our children (this would not apply if there were children living with us at the time of banning). 11 He is prohibited from attending any social gathering, any political gathering, any gathering of scholars or students and any gather ing having a common purpose. He may not teach any one besides his own children, including his grandchil dren. Church attendance and preaching would seem to fall within the fo r bidden categories but as a Method i st minister , Mr. Kotze has preached but been unable to greet members of the co ngregation . She concludes that "With the love and support of so many friend s we feel we can transcend all these circumstances and remain free people. 11

Vietnam. The first direct shipment of food from the United States to Vietnam since the war will be sent by Church World Service, the international develop­ ment and relief arm of the National Council of Churches. The consignment of 10,000 metric tons of wheat is part of a planned two million dollar contribution in donated wheat and funds to help offset a severe food shortage in Vietnam. CWS must receive special permission for the shipment, because of U. S. government trade embargo against Vietnam. Much of the wheat is expected to be donated by U.S . farmers through CROP, the conmunity hunger appeal of CWS. CWS executive director Ptul McCleary, a United Methodist, says the shipment will be the largest in the 10 year history of CWS assistance to Vietnam .

Thailand . Dr. Koson Srisang, general secretary of the Church of Christ in Thailand, has resigned his post and left the country. Dr. Srisang, one of the most articulate Christian leaders in Asia, had raised several questions with the Prime Minister of the country regard i ng t he t r ial of 18 students growing out of disturbances at the Thammasat Uni versity last Au gust . Dr . Srisang said he welcomed the trial but felt it would be better to try it in a civilian rath­ er than a military court. The Church of Chr ist in Thailand wa s upset about this action and several local churches held protest meetings, and as a result Dr . Srisang resigned.

Kentucky. The Red Bird Mission. Schools in Beverly, Kentucky have developed an Appalachian Studies Program whi ch has attracted the attention of the Kentucky State Department of Educati on. The Department has sent teachers from other schools to study the new program. There is a 25% increase in enrollment at the elementary school at Red Bi rd and a 9% i ncrease in the high school, which re­ flects a shift in the popul ation pattern for the surrounding Appalachian coun­ ties. There are now more peo ple moving in than moving out.

Unions. In an el ection that wi ll have meani ng for virtually all the staffs at the Interchurch Center in New York , the employees of the National Council of Churches, by 107 to 61, turned bac k the AFL-CIO-related Community and Social Aqency Employees Union in favor of an in -house Staff Association as their rep­ resentatives for the purposes of co l lective bargaining . Three staff members voted "neither", anoth er option on the ballot.

Albania. Charging that Albania has become a land "without churches and with­ out mosques," Cardinal Hu mberto Medeiros of Boston and Bishop Mark Lipa, head of the Albanian Orthodox Ch urch in Amer ica, have appealed for an end to "system­ atic persecution" in the ti ny Cotml uni st-ruled country on Greece ' s northwest border. The prelates dec lared that Albania n people are denied "inalienable God-given rights."

Deaths. The Rev. Paul Cal vin Payne, a pioneer in religious education and former general secretary .of t he United Presbyterian Board of Christian Educa­ tion died in Swarthmore, Pa. , December 2 at the age of 87. He was instrumental in developing the denomination ' s Faith and Life curriculum, considered one of the most successful Christian educat ion programs. Dr. Payne was also an early advocate of social action and civil rights and was among the first religious · leaders to speak out against the lat e Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy .. . . Lois B. Dixon, the wife of Bishop Ernest P. Dixo n of the Kansas Area of the UMC, died-of cancer at the age of 57 on Dec. 1. A native of Texas, she was the mother of four children.

Personalia. In a shi ft in job responsibilities in BOGM's World Division Ruth Harris has become executi ve secretary for urban/rural development and university/ young adult ministries and 1_.M. McCoy is no w assistant general secretary for Research and Planning. Th e change t oo k place after the October board meeting . . .. A district superintendent and forme r mi ssionary to Costa Rica, the Rev. Rene Q_. Bideaux, will become the director of Hin t on Rural Life Center i n Hayesvi~ N.C. Presently superintendent of the Connecticut Valley District in Southern New England Conference, Mr . Bideaux al so has a degree i n fo rest management and began his ministry as pastor of four rural churches in No rth Carolina .... Ken­ nard~· Copeland, administrator of the Methodist Home in Waco, Texas , t he~ largest Methodist-related facility for children in the nation, wil l retire by June 30 . ... Jerry McAfee, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the Gulf Oil Corporation, has agreed to head the United Presbyt erian Ma jor Mis­ sion Fund Leadership Gifts Committee. He will head a committee see king gifts of $25,000 or more towards the Fund ' s goal of $60 million. The f irst gift of $1 million to the Fund was recently pledged by an anonymous dono r.

Gulf and Western. Agreements between Gulf and Western Industries, Inc ., and the National Council of Chu rches and three Roman Catholic Orders have r esulted in the withdrawal of two stockholder resolutions filed by the religious groups. One resolution had requested reports on Gulf and Western operations i n the Dominican Republic, where the company has heavy investments and where it has been charged that its sugar workers were receiving inadequate wages . G& W has agreed to publish an updated and expanded report on these operations . The other resolution, dealing with South Africa, had charged G&W with "becoming a de facto partner in apartheid" through its one -thi rd ownership of Quebec Iron and Ti­ tanium Corporation which is a pa rtner in a mining venture with the South Afri­ can government. In a statement, G&W said that its total investment in Sou th Africa was small, that it had declined a number of opportunities to invest there, and that it has no intention of expanding its investments i n that co un­ try in the futu re.

Abortion Statement. A United Methodist minister who teaches at a Roma n Cath­ olic college for women in St. Paul, Minn., has been rebuked by t he col l ege's Board of Trustees for signing a statement supporting Medicaid funding of abortions for poor women . The trustees of St. Catherine's College objected particularly to the statement ' s claim about the "involvement of Roman Cat holic bishops in a campaign to enact religiously based anti -abortion co rrm it ments into law." The Rev. Dwight Culver, professor of sociology, said that he did not feel academic freedom at St. Cather ine's is seriously threatened by the action "although there are questions of due process which I hop e will be resolved." The statement, A Call to Concern, was released through the America n Soc iety of Ch r istian Ethics and signed by a num ber of academics .

\~omen Clergy . The United Method i st Church has a total of 766 wo men clergy in all categories, according to statistics from the Division of Ordained Mini stry of the Board of Higher Education . There are 319 women considered in f ul l con­ nection and thus entitled to appointment and 264 elders in full connection, an increase of 62 over the previous year. Last fall the 13 UM seminaries r epo rted that from 26 to 47 percent of their entering freshmen classes were women .

India Cyclone. The United Methodist Corrmittee on Relief is seeking $300,000 to aid the millions of people left destitute through recent cyclone-produced flooding in southeast India . Stressing that this was not a formal chu rc h-wide appeal, the letter to bishops and conference officials noted that thi s was "an irrmediate oppo rtunity to respo nd to human need in India ." The t idal waves in November have been termed India's "worst natural calamity in this century." They have killed an estimated twenty to twenty-five thousand people, left two million homeless and produced crop losses estimated at $353 million.

• 1 I I Catholic-Methodist Dialogue. A new series of Roman Catholic-United Methodist dialogues began in Washington, D.C., in early December and will continue for the next three years. Centering on beliefs and practices concerning the Eucha­ rist, there were hopes expressed that the explorations will reveal "to what ex­ tent essential agreement exis.ts between the two churches on the central doctrine of the Eucharist. 11 The two churches have many similarities in beliefs and practices, both are of considerable size in the U.S. and are "uniquely ubiqui­ tous" in reaching into most of the nation's communities. Television. The life of one of the most remarkable Christian missionaries of the nineteenth century, Belgian-born Father Damien, famed for his devotion to Hanson's Disease (leprosy) victims on the Hawaiian island of Molokai, will be recreated in a 90 minute drama to be shown January 24th on PBS stations nation­ wide. Fr. Damien, who is portrayed by Shakespearean actor Terence Knapp in the one-character performance, eventually contracted the disease and was buried in Hawaii, but his body was exhumed years later and brought back to Belgium with royal honors. The leprosarium at Kalaupapa which Fr. Damien founded still ex­ ists, but there are fewer and fewer incidents of Hanson's Disease among native Hawaiians and early treatment prevents contagion. The brutal isolation of the past has been replaced by more enlightened policies and there is a campaign to have the leprosarium declared a national park.

Cuba. The first official delegation from the National Council of Churches to the churches of Cuba returned in early December saying that they were "chal­ lenged and inspired ... by the determination and the success of the Cuban people to build ... a society characterized by economic equity, justice and human dig­ nity." They also said they were convinced Cuban churches "enjoy full freedom of worship and suffer no persecution" and they urged immediate lifting of the U.S. embargo against Cuba. One of the 10 persons in the delegation was Rev. Peter Chen, of BOGM's National Division.

~~ashington. A United Methodist-initiated Churches 1 Center for Theology and Public Policy in Washington, D.C. is now under way and has attracted ecumenical support. The project started as a result of a proposal of the Bishops' Call for Peace and Self-Development of Peoples. It is not a "think tank" nor an aid to the "personal piety of politicians" or their personal morality, but an effort "to mix technical issues with the humanistic issues raised by theology and ethics, 11 according to its United Methodist director, Dr. Alan Geyer.

Political Prisoners. There have been substantial releases of political prison­ ers in some countries, such as India, but overall around the world conditions are worse than they were this time last year, according to Amnesty Internation­ al, the Nobel Prize winning organization which works for the release of persons imprisoned for their beliefs. ~ EDITORIALSb:J Sinners and Celebrities congregations ~n Ju~ e a . . . changes are, they are not enough to Paul 's removing himself to Arabia 1s satisfy some of t he more zea lous femi­ The current boom in evangelical rem iniscent of O ur Lord's stay in the nists. They want all God-talk to be Christianity continues to produce a desert after his bapti sm . W e should " non-sexist" an d they wou ld like the steady stream of w ell-publicized con- remember that one o f His temptations Bi ble to reflect our modern under­ versions. " Porno" publisher Larry Flynt there was to be offered " all the king­ standing of these things . At some is the latest to be " born again," joining dams of the w orld, in all their glory." seminary chapel services these days such previous unbelievers as former And we know w ho made that offer. prayers are often sai d to " Our fathe r Nixon aide Charles Colson, former and mother God," a la Mary Bake r Black militant Eldridge Cl eaver and a Sexism and the Bible Eddy. And someone rece ntly proposed host of show business and spo rts that we drop Father, Son, and Ho ly figures too numerous to mention. O ne of th e mos t emotio nal and Spirit in favor of Creato r, Re deemer and Startling as any one of these person's complex iss ues facing the Chu rc h this Sustainer. change of heart may seem at first, we year and in the near future is that w hich At a ce rtai n point, the suggestions be­ would not presume to judge their i s c ommonly though in co rrect ly, gi n to so und simplisti c and mechan ical. since rity. The church after all is a know n as the sexis m of the Bible. Th e Those most ideologica l on this theme community of sinners, albeit forgiven Bible, of course , does not have se x; want to excise comp letely anything they ones, and our response to any one's people do. What it does have though is find "sexist" in the Bible. Bes ides announcement of faith can only be joy. a bias in the use of the mascu line raisi ng se ri ous q uestions about under­ Nonetheless, we confess to a certain gender. This is es pecially true .in pro­ standing of the autho ri ty of Scripture, uneasiness about the public-and pub­ nouns re ferring to the deity. this attitu de shows a lack of histo rical lic relations- aspects of a number of Increasi ngly, Ch ristians w ho identify se nse. In the ni neteenth century this these roads to Damascus. with the feminist move ment-which was the approach suggested by so me It is not simply that many of these includes both women and men- are abolitionists w ho objected to state­ experiences seem to follow a pattern uneasy over the Bible. They do not ca re ments in the Bible w hich see med to where, faced with a reversal of fortunes for the idea that the woman must be support slavery. Cooler heads said that (jail sentence, sagging career, etc.), one subject to the man as Christ is head of the Bi ble's view of slavery must be seen begins to doubt one's previously held the Church, no r that it often is only the in the context of its time and not as an convictions and lifestyle and sees the men w ho are counted whi le the w omen endorsement for all time. In our own light. Afer all , as Dr. Johnson said , " If a are counted with the ch ildren. time some have wanted to excise the man knows he faces the certainty of The committee for the Revised Stan­ New Testament's alleged anti-Semi­ hanging within a fortnight, it concen­ dard Versio n of the Bible is currently tism, es pec ially in the Gospel of John. trates his mind wonderfully." working on an other re vision w hich wi ll Now we understand that it is fa r What troubles us more is the manner pay particular attention to bl atant mis­ preferable to come to a proper under­ in which a notorious sinner's conver­ translati o ns whi ch have intro duce d standing of the context of these pas­ sion seems to guarantee him or her a masculine biased language w here none sages too. new career based as much upon notori­ exists in the Hebrew and Gree k. Th us In the ni neteenth century a ce rtain ety as upon changed heart. The lecture there are many instances in the New Thomas Bowdler wanted to " edit" circuits, the television talk show s, the Testament w here the word tis has been Sh akespeare to take out all the erotic religious conventions ,. all compete to translated " any man" w hen it rea lly and offensive passages . These days the welcome the prodigal. means "any one." Revelation 3:20, for only persons w ho want a Bowdlerized We think the pattern established by instance, sh ould read , " Behold, I stand edition of Shakespeare are coll ectors . St. Paul might be instructive here. For at the door and knock. If anyone hears Let us have tra nslations of Scripture that pattern, we turn to Paul 's own my voice and opens the door . .. . " This w hich are fully fa ithful to the o ri ginal account in his Letter to the Galatians, is a more accurate t ran slation than "if texts, w hich make an effort to use chapters 1and2, rather than to the story any man" and is al so les s " sexist. " non-gender biased language w herever of his conversion in Acts. According to There are even some instances w here legitimate, and w hich in certain cases, Paul, " When that (his conversion expe­ feminine imagery for God has actually such as Paul's refe rences to women, rience) happened, without consulting been twisted in translation into mascu ­ add explanatory footnotes if necessary. any human being, w ithout going up to line language. The most famous in­ Le t us recognize that we have problems Jerusalem to see those who were stance of thi s is Deutero nomy 32:18, with the word "man" but that not every apostles before me, I w ent off at once to where the Hebrew definitely suggests substitution of " humankind" or " a hu­ Arabia, and afterwards returned to " You were unmindful of the Rock that man being" is automatica lly progress if Damascus. " He goes on to say that it bore you ." The RS V at least put " bore" felicity is lost. And let us not approach was three years before he did go to in a footnote, but t ran slated it " the Rock Scripture with the idea that in the 20th Jerusalem and 14 years later before he that begot you ." The New En gl ish Bible century we are wisest of all people who returned to Jerusalem . During that says " the creator w ho begot you." ever lived and that this gives us the right time, he was " unknown by sight" to the As important and necessary as t hese to go at the Bible with scissors and paste. Ecumtnical Worship: What Oo Wt Say to the Father?

CHARLES FAUL

n those first " spring-ti me" days of Some Remarkable Convergences Iecumenical dialogue that followed soon after the Second Vatican Coun­ Ten years or so have passed since cil, I became involved with an inter­ that time, and the historians, litur­ faith discussion group in my home­ gists and theologians of Western town. We knew little about each Christianity have confirmed in their other and the tone of our discus­ speeches and writings what we dis­ sions , while friendly, was also a good covered in our grass-roots dialogue deal defensive. Most of us , in the during the 1960's: the faith that we beginning, felt the need to defend share as Christians, whatever our the rituals and doctrines of our denomination, is monumental. Our particular segment of Christian ity. common bonds reach back to the This was natural enough, since we faith of the New Testament and the had been raised to believe that our Fathers of the early Church. Our What It Means For Average Christian way came closest to what Christ had traditions vary, of course, but our ordered for His Church. willingness to rethink our positions Truly it has been a remilrkable Due no doubt to the breath of has led to some remarkable conver­ decade, but what does all of this God's Spirit, we gradually came to gences. mean for the personal and congre­ understand each other better and The Roman Catholic Church, for gational level? We live, work and moved toward the vision of the faith example, has centered much of its celebrate not with theologians or we he ld in common. Certainly, some renewal on the need to rediscover liturgists, but with each other. Each favored a Church centered on sacra­ the importance of the Word for of us is that most enigmatic of figures mental life and hierarchical order, liturgical and doctrinal formulations, " the average Christian." The average while others favored the primacy of while, at the same time, the more Christian, however, is the Church of Word and less structure, but we also evangelical churches have devel­ Christ in miniature. The summation learned that words like " Father," oped an ever-increasing awareness of our faith is the faith of the Church, " Lord ," " Sp irit," " Bapti sm" and of the importance of sacramental life and our worship, its prayer. How " Gospel" had much the same mean­ and, in particular, the centrality of then in our joint worship can we ing for all of us . Most important, we the Lord's Supper in the expression express this valuable new insight? came to th is understanding as we of Christian life and witness. Dia­ The theme selected for this year's learned to pray with one another. logue between the theologians of Week of Prayer for Christian Unity is When our lips spoke the wo rd s of major church bodies has produced "No Longer Strangers" (Ephesians fa ith that sprang from our hearts , the statements affirming one another's 2:19). It describes the feeling, men­ commonality of our beliefs became ministry and expressing a common tioned at the beginning, that is apparent to us all. view of Eucharist and Church order. experienced by those who have

8 New World Outlook• January 1978 ~------ABOUT OUR COVER ------~ come to know that Christians outside As a symbol of the desire for Christian Unity, our cover this month shows part of one's own tradition are not competi­ the interior of the Ero/ Beker Chapel of the Good Shepherd at St. Peter's Church, tors, but rather brothers and sisters in the journey of God's Pilgrim New York City. St. Peter's is a congregation of the Lutheran Church of America, People. The question, then, is how located in midtown Manhattan. In 1971 the church, which had been in its present might our prayer reflect this point of location since 1903, agreed to sell its property to Citicorp under a condominium view? arrangement by which a new church building would share the site with the corporation's new skyscraper. This new building was dedicated in December. Prayer Unites Us Among its features is the Chapel of the Good Shepherd, designed by the noted First of all, we must understand sculptor Louise Neve/son. This is the first permanent "environment" done by Ms. that all Christian prayer is ecumeni­ Neve/son in the United States and the only chapel in the country done entirely by cal, since we pray to the one Father, one artist. It is entirely in white with the exception of an abstract Cross of the in the name of the Lord Jesus, Good Shepherd (foreground in our cover picture) with a gold background. Other through His Spirit. This is the basis of elements, done in an abstract way using the " found wood" so central to prayer for all Christians. Thus , Neve/son's work, include the Trinity, the apostles, priestly vestments, wheat and whether we pray privately or in a grapes and a Cross of the Resurrection. body, with our own congregation or The chapel, which was donated by Ero/ Beker, a member of the congregation in an ecumenical setting, we are who is a Turkish immigrant, and executed by Ms. Neve/son, who is of Jewish praying with and for the Church of background, symbolizes St. Peter's urban ministry and its interest in the Christ. We, in fact, come to a deeper contemporary arts. The church is probably best known for its jazz ministry. The sense of the universality of Christ's new church building will include a theater, music room and studio among its Church. facilities. Ecumenical preachers and lecturers are prominent in its program.

New World Outlook • January 1978 9 Second , at those times when we support in order that God's action in "We all suffer engage in specifically ecumenical our lives might be fruitful , we come worship, that is, when Christians of to a deeper sense of the unity of from brokenness various traditions come together to Christ's Church. pray, we need to recognize the Common Inheritance of Worship and division, bonds which join us together. We all suffer from brokenness and division, Finally, when we examine the not only as a Church, but also as liturgical heritage of the Christian not only as a individuals and communities. How­ faith, we can find the practical ever, our hope is found in the elements of ecumenical worship. Church but also redemption won for us by Christ, Christians can pray together, not won for all of us , and in the grace of only for eight days in January, but on as individuals and His Spirit poured out freely on each any and every day, using the sources of us. This is the source of any common to Christian believers in communities .'' healing that might stem from our every age , namely: 1) the words of common worship. We share the Scripture and the early church writ­ belief that the dying and rising of the ers; 2) prayers of praise, thanksgiv­ Lord is the model of Christian life for ing and intercession; 3) the church each of us . We must die each day to creeds, especially those commonly sin, in order to rise , through the known as Apostle's and Nicene; and grace of God, to a new life. Realizing finally and most important, 4) The we need each other's prayer and Lord's Prayer which is the model for

10 New World Outlook • January 1978 all Christian prayer. None of these elements is the possession of any one denomination. They are the liturgical inheritance of all Chris­ tians . In their usage we come to a deeper sense of the holiness and apostolic foundations of Christ ' s Church. In coming together to pray for Christian unity, one group might want to follow the formats suggested for Morning Prayer (Laud s) or Eve­ ning Prayer (Vespers) in the revised Roman , Anglican or Lutheran Prayer Books. Another group might wi sh to use a more flexible structure, such as has developed in the many prayer communities which have sprung up recently. It is not the format that matters, but rather the act of Chris­ tians praying together. We must remember that Christ did not orga­ nize a discussion group. He prayed " that all may be one" (John 17 :21 ). Mutual dialogue is vital to the future of ecuRienism . We must discern, however, that the most important, fruitful dialogue is the exchange between God and the community of believers in Christ Jesus. If we are able to worship together in " Spirit and in Truth" (John 4:24) , we will have advanced the cause of Christian unity, for we will have come not to lament our divisions, but rather to realize our need for one another as sisters and brothers, " no longer strangers." •

Brother Faul is a Roman Catholic theological student at Atonement Sem­ inary, Washington, D.C. "However, our hope is found in the redemption won for us by Christ, won for all of us, and in the grace of His Spirit poured out freely on each of us." New World Outlook• January 1978 11 BAREFOOT BIBLICAL SCHOLARS HANS-RUEDI WEBER

II had no idea that the World Christians. missing. . ICoun cil of Churches has such Biblical scholars write first of all for Troubled by these observations an intere st in t he Bible !" This their colleagues. Whatever biblical wrote in 1954 to my great teacher, asto nished exclamation I have training the pastors received is either Professor Hendrik Kraemer, who was now heard in five or six conti- simply translated into the mono­ then director of the Ecumenical nents. It comes from people in logues of sermons or quickly forgot­ Institute at Bossey. I suggested that t rai ni ng courses fo r Bibl e study en­ ten. an ecumenical organization should ablers which over the last few years La y men and lay women have take the initiative for organizing have been o rganized in countries all usually to live w ith the little they world training courses for Bible over the w orld and w here I act as the received in Sunday schools. Some of study enablers. majo r resource person. them acqu ire a remarkable biblical In 1971 this suggestion was taken knowledge but many more become up. A Portfolio for Biblical Studies How it all began " biblical illiterates." was created at the World Council of As far back as 1954 the nee d for Moreover, among both pastors Churches. Its director was asked to such courses impress ed itself upon and lay people only a few can think explore what is already happening in me. Working then as a missionary in biblically, that is, not simply quote this field , to test ways of training Indonesia I had become painfu lly texts but respond to new questions Bible study enablers and to experi­ aware that the insi ghts of biblica l w ith decisions and acts which are ment with some such training. scholarship have little or no impact truly informed by the whole biblical on decision making in the churches message. The link betw een the Bible Dr. Weber is director for Biblical and on the everyday attitudes of and the everyday life of Christians is Studies, World Council of Churches.

1 2 New World Outlook • January 1978 "How con biblical illiterates be trained to thinl~ and act biblically in their everyday life?"

The aim of the earlier mentioned Aims and hopes " biblical illiterates" not only be training courses is to bring together given some biblica l knowledge but French Catholics, among w hom a people who have already some expe­ also be trai ned to think and act great renewal of Bible study can be rience in enabling others to do Bible biblically in their everyday life? observed, employ what they call study so that they can learn from one The most important aim is to " biblistes a pieds nus," literally another. Obviously in a five to eight discover in each course one or two " barefoot biblical scholars ." In day course no full training can be people w ho have the necessary gifts China " barefoot doctors" have be­ given. What can be done, however, to become " ba refoot biblical schol­ come the key figures, mobile per­ is to introduce various methods of ars. " The presence of such gifted sons who live in villages and have Bible study and to explore some persons does of course not yet mean enough medical knowledge to stim­ basic questions: that churches and Christian move­ ulate basic health care. Similarly the How can academic biblical schol­ ments in their areas will actually free churches desperately need " bare­ arship be used in a pastoral way so them for the much-needed ministry. foot biblical scholars." These are that the faith of the chu~ch will be Yet through these cou rses the need persons who keep intimate contact strengthened? Which Bible study for such a ministry becomes ap­ with local churches and the ques­ methods appeal not only to the parent. tions which laymen and lay women intellect but to the whole personali­ Our hope is therefore that more face ; yet have enough biblical schol­ ty, imagination and search for a new and more " barefoot biblical sc hol­ arship and training in Bible study style of life? Which methods foster ars " wi ll be ap pointed by th e methods to help Christians think and participation without simply leading chu rc hes and that their ministry wi ll act biblically. to a sharing of ignorance? How can help believers grow into the matu rity

New World Outlook • January 1978 13 of faith . This would truly foster the main purpose of the World Council of Churches which, according to its official basis , desires to be "a fellow­ ship of churches which confess the Lord Jesus as God and Saviour according to the Scriptures and therefore seek to fulfill together their common calling to the glory of One God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit." "It is above all the Profile of a course rediscovery of biblical In South Korea and Uganda, in faith which helps Finland and Dahomey, in New Zea­ land and East Germany, in Kenya, Christians stand Peru , Canada and other countries firm in their one-week residential courses for Bible study enablers have now been bottles of faith." conducted. Those who participated This is true, whether were essentially multipliers : teach­ of a home study ers of Christian education, leaders of lay training institutes, those respon­ group in Reading, Po. sible for training in Christian (opposite page), on a women's and youth organizations, program directors for Christian rubber plantation broadcasting, ministers and lay in Liberia (page 12), members of local parishes which or at the Galilee Church have many Bible study groups. The course usually starts with a in Seoul, South Korea session on "What is Bible study?" (below), whose which leads to an exchange of experiences, joys and frustrations. members include During the following days each victims of government morning is spent in Bible study according to a different method. repression such as the wife We would for instance study a of former presidential psalm, a good way to get a feel of the candidate Kim Doe Jong evocative nature of biblical language and the liturgical milieu of many (page 13). biblical texts. Such a study may lead to the re-enactment of the psalm, reading it dramatically and actually perform.ing the liturgical movements and gestures which many psalms suggest. On another morning a say­ ing of Jesus may be studied with the tools of historic-literary analysis. On still another morning a healing story will be studied through the means of a confrontation play: the participants are divided into small groups and each group assigned the role of one person or group of persons in the text. They then have to identify themselves as deeply as they can with their particular role and afterwards the groups are confront­ ed with one another. This usually leads to deep controversy, for in­ stance between the "pharisees" and the friends of the paralytic who has been healed. Through such confrontation plays a text is not only studied intellectual­ ly but also appropriated emotionally.

14 New World Outlook • January 1978 le :ii ts "It is very revealing to see which methods V· seem most congenial to a given culture ." 1e Jr d ir e

n I· r 1 j

In the de-briefing session the things mime a bi bl ical text. Such exercises introduced. Although none of the which were felt and said during the usually lead to a discussion on the participants had ever used this confrontation are discussed and significance of meditation. method, miming was felt to be verified on the basis of the biblical Still other exercises are the use of particularly meaningful for biblical text. visual arts for the study of a text and meditation. Since that course the During the afternoons of the the transformation of a biblical text mime has been widely used in Korea course the participants usually make into a worship service. and it has even become an important exercises in new methods, for in­ During the evenings of the course medium in protests against the re­ stance reading the passion story with we usually reflect about what has gime. divided voices and recording this happened that particular day. What Yet not only biblical ways of dramatic reading. Listening to such are the possibilities and dangers of communcation spill over into every­ recorded texts usually leads to a the methods used? Can these meth­ day life. It is above all the rediscovery discussion on the importance of the ods be better adapted to a particular of biblical faith which helps Chris­ oral tradition in biblical times and in culture? Which theological ques­ tians stand firm in their battles of many cultures today. tions have arisen? How did the Bible faith . In the ancient church Bible On another afternoon the medium show itself authoritative in the study was often in the first place a of the mime (symbolic body move­ studies made? preparation for martyrdom. The ments) is introduced. After having It is very revealing to see which courses held in Uganda and Ethiopia discovered the possibilities of the methods seem most congenial to a in 1975 and 1976 may have been human body as a means of commu­ given culture. During the first train­ exactly this : a preparation for mar­ nication the group will attempt to ing course in South Korea mime was tyrdom. •

New World Outlook • January 1978 1 S Tracy Early CHRISTIA~S & muSLlffiS •1n the U.S . EXPLORING MEW RELATIONSHIPS

hristian relations with Muslims Chave been mostly bad from the beginning. Islam exploded out of the Arabian peninsula as a movement of con­ quest that overran regions of Chris­ tendom all the way to Gaul, where Charles Martel stopped the tide finally in 732 . Later the Christian West retaliated in crusades that won the Holy Land for a time, but created Muslim resentments lingering till now. Then Muslim Turks turned the Eastern Orthodox patriarchal city of Constantinople into Istanbul, and twice reached the outskirts of Vienna before Christian armies could stop their advance. The legacy of this history remains visible in tensions over the Ecumenical Patriarchate and over Cyprus. A different kind of resentment has grown from the modern missionary movement in which churches sent their forces to Muslim lands while Western governments were using their military forces to establish and maintain colonial domination. " The Muslim doesn't oppose di­ rect evangelism," says Byron Lee Haines. " He has that emphasis in Islam." " He objects," Dr. Haines contin­ ues, " to the pretense of Christian missionaries going into the Muslim world to work in hospitals and other institutions, and using the human need of Muslims for an ulterior motive. Musli ms charge that the

1 6 New World Outlook • January 1978 Christian missionary movement has United Methodist Division of Ecu­ tried to catch the Muslim in an unfair menical and lnterreligious Affairs, way when he's down." Board of Global Ministries, as chair­ Dr. Haines is a United Presbyterian man. In addition to the United minister who has devoted himself to Methodist Church, these denomina­ the task of overcoming this historical tions were the United Presbyterian legacy of soured Christian-Muslim Church, the Reformed Church in relations, and building something America, the Lutheran Church in better. America , the American Baptist Church and two denominations not A Minister Pursues Reconciliation members of the NCC-the Southern He went to Pakistan in 1957 as a Baptist Convention and the Men­ missionary, teaching chemistry and nonite Church. Some other denomi­ serving as chaplain at Forman Chris­ nations had indicated they would tian College in Lahore. Then he send representatives to subsequent began reading Christian theological meetings. treatments of Islam, particularly the books of Kenneth Cragg and Hendrik Though the Task Force began with Kraemer, and found his own inter­ a relatively small membership, not all ests centering in this area. of them sure of continuing, with only After a period back in the United one staff member, guaranteed for States to get a Harvard doctorate in only one year, and with only the most Old Testament and languages, he limited prospects for raising a pro­ returned to Pakistan and in 1967 gram budget, its formation nonethe- ' organized a Christian Study Center less represented a historic step. It l~Wri••'i.."'.._,.,.aiilll'l'Pft'imT= in Rawalpindi as an agency for was the first time a group of denomi­ promoting Christian-Muslim rela­ nations had ever initiated a concert­ tions-conducting seminars, pub­ ed, ongoing program for relations lishing a journal, providing speakers with Muslims in the U.S. for conferences and so on. Several American Christians have been other people served with Dr. Haines involved with Muslims of other "How Christian as staff members, and a Pakistani countries, and with the World headed the Center. Nonetheless, Council of Churches Commission on relations develop Haines decided the missionary pre­ Dialogue with Livi ng Faiths and sence kept Pakistani Christians from Ideologies. But Muslims in the U.S. with the taking full responsibility for a pro­ have been so few that they received gram that ultimately had to be theirs, relatively little attention. American ffiuslim so this past summer he returned to Through immigration, student en­ the United States. rollment from Islamic countries and community as a other developments, inc luding NCC Task Force Organizes emergence of the Black Muslims, whole will do Here, the National Council of their numbers have recently grown Churches, through its Faith and significantly. Haines says that no­ much to determine Order Commission, had been hold­ body knows the exact figure, but the whether American ing a few conferences and trying to common estimate is two million. The work out a program in American Black Muslims led ·by the late Elijah churches can Christian-Muslim relations. The re­ Muhammed, and now by his son turn of Dr. Haines fit like a glove, and Wallace, a group formally calling continue to work effective September 1 the United itself the World Community of Islam, Presbyterian Church seconded him appears to feel itself increasingly a in muslim countries." for the NCC program-initially to part of the international Muslim serve one year but with the possibili­ community, Dr. Haines says , and he ty of extensions. hopes the task force will be able to In September representatives of work with them. seven denominations held the initial Relations Affect Church Work meeting of the NCC Task Force on Christian-Muslim Relations, choos­ How Christian relations develop ing Robert L. Turnipseed of the with the American Muslim communi-

New World Outlook• January 1978 17 ty as a whole will do much to cooperation with the Center, which determine whether American wanted to enlarge the non-academic churches can continue to work in dimension of its work and provided Muslim countries, Dr. Haines says . Dr. Haines with office space. Center And though his work will focus on Director Willem Bijlefeld, a Dutch the American scene, he recognizes Reformed minister born in the Mu - that any relationship will necessarily lim country of lndone ia, attended require taking account of the world the first Task Force meeting to Muslim community and issues af­ emphasize the desire of him elf and fecting it. his staff to cooperate with the CC "The Muslim world is not deli­ program. "All ffiusllms berately forcing missionaries out," In outlining possible activitie for he says. "But you become much the Ta k Force, Dr. Haine uggest would insist thot aware that you are not acceptable if cooperation with Muslim in ervice you perpetuate the colonial pattern. projects, reviewing the portra al of Christions treot And there is a renewal of religion in Islam in Christian educational ma­ the Muslim as well as Buddhist and terials and helping with the de elop­ their foith with Hindu worlds, a reassertion of their ment of local church program in respect ond own religion and in some case it is a areas where Mu lims are Ii ing. The reactionary movement like Christian Task Force , he empha ize , i not a not disporoge it Fundamentalism that wants to revert tool to convert Mu lim . " But ulti­ back to what it considers pure." mately we will be involved in haring os pogonlsm." But at the same time, he says , some convictions, focusing on the faith more liberal Muslims are recogniz­ each of us has a believing people " ing a need to develop more positive he ays. relations with the modern world, Politic To Be A oided particularly the ecular world of the West. This group would presumably show most openness to conversation and cooperation with Christians, but all Muslims would in ist that Chris­ tians treat their faith with respect, and not disparage it as paganism according to the pattern of ome Christians in the past. Beginning work with the CC Task Force, Dr. Haines saw his fir t ta k a finding out who and where American Muslims were, and e tabli hing rela­ tionships with their principal repre­ sentatives. Few Chri tian eem to know much about the American Muslim community, but Haine had the advantage of working with the Macdonald Center in Hartf rd , Conn. I lamics ha long been a specialty of the Hartford Theological Seminary, and when th eminary ended its regular degree program and sold mo t of it library, the Islamic library wa kept o that the Macdonald Center could continue the Islamic program in conjunction with McGill Univer ity in Montreal. Becau e of the alue u h an a ociation could off r, th C Ta k For e et up it

1 8 tw World Outlook • January 1978 Ecumenical activities run the gamut from interfaith dialogues to coalitions to enact the ERA.

ELLEN CLARK

allowing are Christian Service Committee (CSCJ, terian, founded by missionaries from three lesser known Malawi Scotland. A tiny denomination is the examples which Unit­ A long, narrow country, Malawi African Methodist Episcopal Church, ed Methodists support lies between Zambia, Mozambique the only Methodist church. through the Board of Glob­ and Tanzania. Most of its 5.1 million Most Malawian churches work al Ministries. Like thousands people live in rural areas , grow their through the Christian Service Com­ of such projects, they demonstrate own food and so me cash crops. mittee to assist in development of that Christians and others work­ At least 40 percent of the popula­ the country and training of its peo­ ·1 ing together for the fruition of tion professes Christianity. Largest ple. CSC's sma ll-scale, se lf-he lp proj­ God's wi ll need be " no longer Protestant d enomination is the ects foster water and ag ricultural strangers." Church of Central Africa, Presby- development, hea lth care, educa-

New World Outlook • January 1978 19 tion, urban and welfare services. Tamils, resented by the less-pros­ bee n to bring Christians together for Churches provide 40 percent of perous and less-ed ucated Sin hal ese. theologica l reflection, exposure to Malawi's health care , an indication of Most Tamils are Hindus and most community iss ues and needs, and their importance to Malawi's devel­ Sinhalese are Buddhist, but religio n development of ministries. Over the opment. did not motivate the cla shes. past decade consultations initiated Since Malawi is very poor, the bulk Inter-faith tolerance and commit­ by the National Division of the Board of CSC's funds come from overseas ment to service were manifest before of Global Ministries have taken place donors. The United Methodist Com­ the troubles, in the Sri Lanka in more than 30 cities. mittee on Relief provides about Women's Conference. The confer­ " The idea is to pull people out of $50,000 annually to CSC's $1 million ence brings together 30 groups of the pews and involve them more budget. Though dependent on out­ concerned women working in social fully in the life and ministry of the side aid, CSC cultivates se lf-reliance outreach in the capital, Colombo. church," explains the Rev. Cecil P. Pottieger, National Division execu­ tive. The division's office of urban ministries provides about $10,000 a year for the consultations, primarily ''The idea is to pull people out for resource persons. Planning is done locally, by a of the pews and involve them more fully broad-based steering committee, over a period of nine months or 11 more. It culminates in a couple of in the life and ministry of the church. intensive weekend consultations to which the community is invited and hundreds generally come. Although United Methodist-initat­ ed, the consultations emphasize and the spirit of sharing among Groups include the Muslim Ladies ecumenical cooperation to insure Malawian Christians. Social League and the YWCA as well effectiveness . A good example is the According to Dr. J. Harry Haines, as " mixed" women's agencies like consultation in Grand Rapids, Michi­ UMCOR chief executive, CSC de­ the Domestic Science Teachers As­ gan last year, which involved 12 serves high marks for inter-church sociation. Barbara Chase, executive denominations, incl~ding the large cooperation and development suc­ of the World Division of the Board of Christian Reformed Church and Re­ cesses . " It's almost the only Chris­ Global Ministries who recently met formed Church in America, and the tian council in Africa with the with the group, describes the Roman Catholic Church. The Black complete participation of the Roman women as " dynamic, vocal and re ­ Clergy Association backed the con­ Catholic Church," he says , " and it sou rcefu I. " sultation and many black pastors and enjoys the confidence of all the One of the conference groups is laity participated, leading to new churches. the Women' s Fellowship of the bonds of trust. " CSC has done invaluable work in Methodist Church. The fellowship is Apart from increased sensitivity to developing new crops, pioneering in principal outlet for Methodist mission and strengthened ecumeni­ many ways to employ people on the women's church participation, since cal bonds, the consultations have land and stop the drift to the citie s. the church has not yet ordained prvduced tangible results, like per­ Malawi has gone from minimal agri­ women or used them very fully in its manent " metro" ministries . The cultural production to self-sufficien­ structures. The autonomous Meth­ Grand Rapids consultation, says Mr. cy in feed ing its people and CSC can odist Church of Sri Lanka has over Pottieger, among other things, " en­ take considerable credit." 14,000 members and a total commu­ dorsed the black church communi­ nity of 25,000. Shanty Town Project of Sri Lanka ty's desire to employ a black chaplain The Sri Lanka Women's Confer­ Women's Conference at the Kent County jail, drafted a ence has identified a shanty town In the latter half of 1977 Sri Lanka letter to the mayor to deal with area of Colombo and developed an (formerly Ceylon) experienced up­ neighborhood development, and set aid project which will draw upon the heaval. A faltering economy and the wheels in motion for the con­ expertise of its member groups. The unemployment led to defeat at the struction of a senior citizen high-rise project will train young girls who polls in Jul y for the island nation's building." have dropped out of school in chi ld 12-year-o ld socialist-oriented gov­ As proof that the momentum con­ and health care, housekeeping, ernment. Ethnic tensions were ag­ tinues, note what happened as a cooking, dressmaking, gardening gravated by the election and shortly re sult of a consultation in Alexan­ and nutrition. The World Division, afterward, violence broke out be­ dria/Arlington in 1974. Out of con­ employing Call to Prayer funds, has tween the Sinhalese majority and the cern voiced at the consultation for sent $4,000 to the project. Tami l minority. the housing needs of the poor grew Sma ll groups of Buddhist, Hindu, Urban Consultations, USA the Wesley Housing Development Muslim and Christian representa­ Drugs, crime, poverty, family in­ Corporation, a federation of 99 Unit­ tives came together to give refuge to stability and other problems plague ed Methodist chuches in northern some of t he thousands of homeless American cities. How do Christians Virginia. Today it is a partner in people and to work for peace. Most respond? creation of 128 subsidized rental victims of violence and looting were A United Methodist response has housing units in Alexandria. •

20 New World Outlook • January 1978 or to ld 1e ~ d rd WIPE THE BLOOD :e

of re 1e P. OFF THE TREATIES J· 1n a Indians of the Americas ly Voice their Grievances .' , PEGGY BILLINGS

e

he International Non-Govern­ Native Americans past and present. A group of Indians assemble for a ritual dance before the Tmental Organizations Confer­ massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890 (above). Celebrating the centennial of the ence on Discrimination Against Battle of the Little Bighorn in Montana, Rev . John Adams walks with a group of Sioux Indians Indigenous Populations in the (below). An Indian in traditional regalia during occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Americas was held in Geneva, Swit­ office in 1968 (left). zerland, in the United Nations build­ ing (Palais des Nations) from Sep­ tember 20 to September 23 , 1977. There were more than 250 delegates, observers and guests at the history­ making conference, including repre­ sentatives from more than 50 inter­ national non-governmental organi­ zations (NGO's, in United Nations parlance) . For the first time, a large and united group of indigenous people and nations were present, active in the conference from its inception to its conclusion. They came from Argentina, Bolivia, Cana­ da, Chile, Costa Rica , Guatemala, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Pana­ ma, Paraguay, Peru , Surinam, the United States of America, and Vene­ zuela. They came from differing condi­ tions-some in exile, others fearing

New World Outlook • January 1978 21 what would happen from vengeful governments upon their return. Some delegates were prevented by their governments from coming to Geneva at all. Some were traveling on passports issued by the nation in which their own nation is contained. Others carried passports issued by their own tribal government. One family came with a months-old baby. The oldest person was a 104-year-old Hopi chief. But the halls of the Palais des Nations were buzzing because of them. Staid Swiss guards and unflap­ pable international civil servants ac­ tually turned to stare as chiefs in full regalia or medicine men in beads and feathers sought their way through the maze of corridors and elevators. One veteran newsman was elated. " I've walked these corridors so often," he said , " and I've always felt them haunted with so many people's broken dreams . .. the League of Nations and all of that. But this is real! These people are exciting. I didn't know all of this." An Attempt to Embarrass the U.S.1 There were criticisms. Some felt that it was inappropriate for facilities of the United Nations to be used by non-governmental organizations for a conference that would deal with issues which placed member-states in a difficult light. Others felt the conference was an attempt to em­ barrass the U.S. on the eve of the Helsinki Conference. The debate at the conference identified questions on which ex­ perts on international law are not agreed, and raised serious issues which are in conflict with the United Nations Charter. Far from being a ploy to embarrass the United States or any other power, the Conference provided information which can arouse world opinion on a subject which has too long been ignored. The Conference did its work in three commissions: the legal com­ mission, the economic commission, and the social and cultural commis­ sion. The subject given the most consideration by the legal commis­ sion was self-determination; all rep­ resentatives of indigenous nations and peoples argued for it. Delegates from the Six Nation Confederacy and the Lakota Nation, within the United States and partially in Canada, de­ manded recognition under interna- "We have come here not to claim our rights, but to demand that the rights we have always had be respected."

• '

tional law of their status as nations, fined by international law experts. Separation from the Land based upon treaties which clearly Therefore, it could not be stated with recognized their status as sovereign certainty how the right would apply The question of land was central to nations. The legal situation varies to the situation of the indigenous all the discussion. Delegates heard from place to place, and all indige­ nations and peoples. testimony from native people in nous people may not wish to claim It was at this point that the repre­ Canada, the United States , Central independence as states , but to exist sentatives of indigenous groups pre­ and Latin America regarding their as nations within a state. sented their own document, drawn special relationship to the land and The " Territorial Integrity" Issue up by themselves and signed by all its basic position in their culture and the groups present. The document, religion. A relationship based on The demand for recognition as entitled "Draft Declaration of Pri nci­ harmony with the land, " Mother sovereign states appears to be in ples for the Defense of the Indige­ Earth" and all creatures occupying conflict with the principle of " territo­ nous Nations and Peoples of the the earth was explained by many rial integrity" and " political unity" Western Hemisphere," spelled out delegates. The native religion de­ embodied in the United Nations the meaning and content which they pends on this correct relationship to

Charter, that is 4 that member-states themselves give to the question of nature. To be separated from the are sworn to respect the boundaries self-determination. It calls for legal land is a tragedy of the highest order of other member-states. It is also recognition and for self-determina­ for traditional beliefs, culture and problematic because the extent of tion, and contains provisions relating life, the delegates stated . the right to self-determination , to land, treaties, cultural and eco­ which is contained in the I nterna­ nomic survival, questions of juris­ Land Use and Abuse tional Covenants on Human Rights, diction, and environmental protec­ The main discussion of the eco­ has never been authoritatively de- tion. nomic commission focused on the

New World Outlook • January 1978 23 been dominance of multi-national cor­ genocide, the systematic destruction wher porations in cooperation with gov­ of a people, according to case his­ gone ernments as the main source of tories prepared and delivered by oppression of the Indian people. delegates. One such case history R Land-use patterns and land abuse dealt with the involuntary steriliza­ again came up as a basjc source of tion of Indian women, or in other An alienation between the indigenous cases sterilization without their in­ greal people and the governments and formed consent. Women were thre other groups seeking to use the same threatened with various coercive rese land . This commission discussed the measures if they did not agree to Rho pattern of colonialism and neo-colo­ sterilization, or they were told false lands nialism and examined the way in information about the nature of the cou "To be separated which Indians have suffered from operation itself. This same pattern ques racism, slavery and peonage. They has been documented in other mi­ Inter from the land is a stated that the facts were there for all nority communities in the United Euro to see : that in each situation, it is the States. tuall1 tragedy of the indigenous population which has men Some Criticism of the Churches -the highest unemployment been highest order for -lowest life-expectancy There was also testimony on other estal -highest infant mortality rate methods which to the indigenous inde traditional beliefs, -highest incidence of certain peoples constituted deliberate ef­ ICE diseases. forts to destroy their traditional re so culture and life." It was also pointed out that indige­ communal community structure and cern nous peoples also have been able in family system . The Church, both reso some situations to exercise power to Catholic and Protestant, came in for sup1 change the attitude of the surround­ criticism as having made Indian Re i ng community toward their claims, people ashamed of their traditions cour or to prevent certain actions which and culture. The Christian faith was th I were regarded by them as contrary to not criticized per se, for they main­ any their best interest. The ability of the tain that they respect all religions. prog Deni Nation in Canada to halt the What was objected to was the man­ me .~ building of a gas pipeline through ner in which Indian language, cul­ ram their land in the McKenzie Valley was ture and traditional religion was had cited as one positive example. looked down on and held up for woul It was reported that the multina­ ridicule by those teaching another they tional corporations, however, espe­ religion. They protested against the nen11 cially in North America, are making a policies of boarding-schools, where­ the i renewed effort to gain control of in churches removed Indian children thei Indian lands and the natural re­ from their families, forbade the use and sources they contain. For example, of tribal languages and forced on the disc 30 percent of the coal reserves, 90 children an alien culture without the lndi, percent of the uranium and 50 consent of their family and their ca us percent of energy supplies in the tribe. They also criticized the contin­ peo1 United States are on Indian lands. uing practice of placing Indian chil­ tern Acceleration of exploitation of these dren with non-Indian foster parents worl resources is currently underway, or adoptive parents, ignoring the lnd i, much of it without consultation and communal extended-family life-style that without consent of the tribes con­ of their people. Harrassment, intimi­ disp cerned. It was stated that currently 42 dation and false arrests and illegal troy additional power plants are being detention were also cited as crimes contemplated without consultation, committed against them, as well as utilizing non-renewable resources murder and assassination, especially Vv such as water. Agribusiness and of more vocal Indian leaders. fere industry are also usurping water, They were also highly critical of the the saying that their efforts are essential way the governments of the various retu for the survival of the nation. How­ countries pit one group of Indians pro1 ever, Indian cultures and peoples are against another, using Indians as reali on the brink of extermination their surrogates in tribal govern­ muc through such processes, it was ments which do not have the full The claimed. consent of the indigenous people the and which allow government and Involuntary Sterilization and Coercion tee1 multinational corporations alike to on In the social and cultural commis­ pursue their goals on Indian lands enc sion, reports were heard on practices without hindrance. It was stated that Cor which amount to ethnocide and this is a mark of colonialism and has por, "lion been observed as a practice every­ his. where the colonial powers have by gone. tory liza. Rhodesian Refugees in Bolivia? her Another issue which is causing in. great concern, and came up in all ere three Commissions, is the reported rive resettlement of white refugees from I to Rhodesia and Namibia on Indian lse lands in Bolivia and possibly other he countries in Latin America. The ern question was asked whether the i· Inter-governmental Committee for ed European Migration (ICEM) had ac­ tually cooperated in this resettle­ ment effort. Although facts have been difficult to come by, it has been er established that such a program does indeed exist with the cooperation of Jeuf~ ICEM, and the conference in its final ral resolution agreed to express its con­ rd cern to ICEM and urge that its 1th resources should not be used in [or support of such immigrants. an Representatives from certain Latin ns countries explained the difficulty they had encountered in securing fas /"' any information on this resettlement ~ s . program from their own govern­ In· ments. They were concerned that the ul· racist ideology which such settlers fas had followed in their previous lands or would be put into practice again as er they worked their way into promi­ he nence in the new place. They cited the influence of Nazis who came to ~e~ their countries after World War II Native Americans of se and who now participate actively in such Latin American countries he discrimination and mistreatment of as Mexico (opposite page), Indian populations. Whatever the Bolivia (below), Peru (above), he and Brazil (next page) cause for the need to resettle white eir all suffer from the in· people, they said ,· immigration pat­ legacy of colonialism. ~ ii· terns and practices have always rts worked against the best interest of lhe Indian people. "It is always our land ~ le that is taken, our people who are displaced, our culture that is des­ ~!i troyed," they said. es What Next? as r What will happen now? The Con­ 111y ference has ended and the halls of the the Palais des Nations have been JUS returned to the exclusive exercise of ins proper diplomatic procedure. To be as realistic, one cannot expect too rn· much, certainly not immediately. :ull The Conference agreed to ask that )le the United Nations Special Commit­ nd tee on Decolonization hold a hearing to on the issues raised at the confer­ ids ence; and that the United Nations 1at Committee on Trans-National Cor­ 1as porations conduct an investigation New World Outlook• January 1978 25 into the role of MNC's in the " plun­ Indian people have learned through der and exploitation of native lands, proper love of nature. resources and peoples in the Ameri­ One delegate seemed to express cas ." There was also a strong expres­ the feeling of all the indigenous sion that all the organizations parti­ people there when he said, " We cipating in the Conference should have shown that there is discimina­ promote the ratification of United ton against us ... We have docu­ Nations Conventions on human mented the loss of our lands. We rights, the Genocide Convention, have come here not to claim our the Anti-Slavery Convention, Con­ rights, but to demand that the rights vention on the Elimination of all which we have always had be re­ forms of Racial Discrimination, the spected. International Convention on Eco­ " We do not know if we will come nomic, Social and Cultural Rights, here again next year, or if we will International Convention on Civil have to come again in another 100 and Political Rights and the American years. What we do know is that we Convention on Human Rights. Al­ will maintain our unity in defense of though the United States govern­ our territories. We will not give up ment has signed all of these Con­ our land, whether you recognize us ventions, none of them have been as nations or not. For the land is ratified by the United States Senate, ours." and it is ratification which makes The closing ceremony was to be them law. President Carter has an­ concluded with the smoking of the nounced his intention to introduce pipe, the sacred ·object which in at least some of these for ratification. traditional religion represents the The Genocide Convention has been Creation. The young man who was to collecting dust in the U.S . Senate conduct the ceremony closed with since 1928. these words: " Our elders told us , But the most significant outlook of 'You go the conference with the the Conference will probably be the pipe. Present it to the world commu­ spirit of unity which grew among the nity. Tell them the treaties we have indigenous people. One delegate are good treaties, but they have expressed it this way: "The terrible blood on them. With the pipe, wipe experience of repression has been a the blood off the treaty. ' " bond between us ." There were tears " But we have talked together and as they expressed kinship and know that we cannot smoke the pipe pledged support, especially for now. But we will show you the pipe, those who faced uncertainty upon and we will pray for understanding. their return . They asked the This is just a beginning. If you non-governmental organizations understand us , we will come again. who, they said , may not have under­ We will bring our chiefs, the repre­ stood them until now, or even now, sentatives of our governments. We and some of whom do not agree, that will smoke the pipe someday." • they "make no compromise with the genocide that is being practiced Peggy Billings is assistant general secre­ against us. " They offered the gift of tary, Section of Christian Social Rela­ "the grace of friendship" which tions, Women's Division.

26 New World Outlook • January 1978 f approximately 800,000 Indians O in the United States only about NATIVE 12,000 are United Methodists. They form the smallest of the United Methodist Church's four major eth­ nic minorities, comprising 0.1 per­ IMERICAllS: cent. (In the United Presbyterian Church there are 6,242 Indians for a slightly higher percentage.) Yet this minority may well constitute the HAS THE CHURCH crucial test of the chu r'ch 's ability and will to honor diversity and to over­ come racial injustice in ministries STOPPED BEING and structures. Thirty-three percent of the Indian families live in poverty, compared to A COLONIZER? 11 percent of the total population. Educational opportunities are often limited and of poor quality. Indian ELLIOTI WRIGHT INTERVIEWS health services are " inferior . . . BILLIE NOWABBI haphazard . . . unreliable .. . (and) underfunded," according to a report of the American Indian Policy Review Committee. Twenty-eight percent of all Indians live on the 115 largest reservations and are therefore under more governmental control and pa­ tronage than any other segment of the population. More than three quarters of the Native American members of the United Methodist Church are con­ centrated in the Oklahoma Indian Faces of Native Americans, Missionary Conference (OIMC), at an Oklahoma Indian which includes congregations in Mission Conference Texas and Kansas. OIMC has some training session. Thomas Roughface (top), 8,000 members in 113 local churches Louise Amos (bottom, left), served by 60 pastors. All pastors and and Sampson Parish four district superintendents are In­ (bottom, right) dian. Native languages are used in worship. As a missionary confer­ ence, OIMC qualifies for support through the Advance ("second mile" mission giving) and appropriations from the National Division, Board of Global Ministries. Outside OIMC, Native American local churches exist in 12 annual conferences. Many of those churches are part of circuits served by whi-te pastors. The second largest group of United Methodist Indian congregations, 11 with 1,732 mem­ bers, is in North Carolina, in and around Robeson County. Nine churches, several of them quite small, function in Michigan. The denomination maintains the Navajo Methodist Mission School in Farm­ ington, New Mexico, a facility with 179 day and boarding students in grades six through 12 .

New World Outlook • January 1978 27 Levi Biggoose (bottom), The United Methodist Church has the Native American Intern ational Jacob Tsotigh (top), very little work among the Aleuts and Caucus) in the li fe of the Church. and a worship service at Eskimos in Alaska . One congregation To fund the entire ethnic minority the Navajo Methodi t in Nome is 65 percent Eskimo and priority, Genera l Conference call ed Mission in Farmington, shares its building with a 100 percent for $5 mi llion each year through New Mexico. Eskimo group affiliated with the 1980: $1.5 mill ion annually from an United Presbyterian Church. appo rtioned Miss ional Priority Fund That portion of the UM ethnic and $3.5 millio n hoped for through minority local church priority co n­ the Ad va nce ("second mile" miss ion cerned with Native Americans is giving). In the first six months of organized around five objectives 1977, contributions to ethnic con- · covering leadership development, ce rns ran just above a pittance, evangelism, lay and youth mi nistries $50,000 co mpared to $600,000 for and social service institutions. world hunge r, another priority. Church growth is a central motiva­ Bill ie Nowabbi is a member of the tion. An overriding goal is to make Choctaw tribe in Oklahoma and a possible a greater Native American staff member of the office of ethnic voice in planning and conducting all and language ministries in the Na­ forms of mi nistry. Specific proposals tional Division of the United Meth­ for consideration incl ude rec ruit­ odist Board of Global Ministries. ment of 400 certified lay workers, " How se rious is the Church about estab lis hment of a Native American strengt hening the ethnic minority study or sc hool to train profess ional loca l church? I'm not sure," she said leade rs and establis hment of an in an inte rview. " I hope we are orphanage and a rest home. se rious. As it involves Native Ameri­ can s, we've gotten a slow, a very slow start. Fo r example, take the pro­ posed Study Commission of Native "We can help the America n Minist ries . Even getting the members named has been slow whole church and we really need to get the study underway now." rethink value She expects some money will ev entually trickle in , perhaps systems and enough to undertake part of the Native American programs outlined reexamine life at the 1976 General Conference. But she worries that the voice of Indians styles in the may not be heard in implementing proposals aimed at making them light of the more se lf-reliant and self-determin­ ing within the Church. Do the objec­ Christian faith." tives and accompanying strategies set forth last year go far enough in· addressing the entire Native Ameri­ can situation, a situation dramatically affecting present and potential Unit­ ed Methodist Native Americans? Billie Nowabbi

As part of the priority, General Conference au thorized a quadren­ nial Study Commission of Native American Ministries. With 75 percent of its 20 voting members themselves Natives, the panel is to re port to the 1980 General Conference on a broad range of iss ues. Its mandate incl udes investigation of the past develop­ ment and support of Indian minis­ tries, description of t he present network of ministries and assess­ ment of the role of the ni ne-year-old Native American caucus (now named

28 New World Outlook • January 1978 vant to our people. Some of them resent the Church for what it has done to Natives and what it hasn't done for them. They don't see the Church as offering a future. " Even not-so-hostile young Na­ tives have doubts about the Church's intentions. They wonder whether the United Methodist Church is willing to let itself be enriched by Native American values and theolo­ gy. We have values, such as respect for the land and the environment, which can make important contribu­ tions to Christianity. We can help the whole Church rethink value systems and reexamine life styles in the light of the Christian faith." Ms. Nowabbi fears the Church may let a surge of charitable feelings blind it to Native Americans as they really are. "We're not a monolithic One task of the commission is to parture from Anglo norms is compli­ people, you know," she said . "We study how the United Methodist cated and risky. have different languages and cus­ Church has related to Indians in the " Adjustment" of Native clergy toms and there are a lot of different past. That study will provide the orders is an objective of the ethnic situations among United Methodist Church beyond 1980 with clues on minority missional priority. "Does Natives in Oklahoma, Florida, the how to reverse its approach so that 'adjustment' mean forcing all Native Southwest, Michigan, New York, Native American ministries are of ministers into the white mold?" Ms. North Carolina. We share a common rather than to Natives. "Great," said Nowabbi asked. " Will leadership be heritage as a colonized people but Ms. Nowabbi. " But what about right developed to perpetuate denomina­ we don't Ii ke to be stereotyped as now? What about the Native Ameri­ tional structures or to empower 'the Indians.' can role in whatever is started in 1978 Native people to determine their "In 1924, citizenship was forced or 1979?" destiny within the United Methodist upon the Natives without their con­ " I would say," she continued, " the Church?" sent. In 1934, the electoral system of International School for Native Billie Nowabbi thinks it is fine that government was forced upon many American Ministries should get the denomination says it wants to tribes without their consent. We' re equal consideration along with the help Indians strengthen church tired of having white ways forced on study commission, which has a prior schools, evangelism programs and us, even by the Church. For over 200 claim on funds. But will this school social institutions. But is that years, Christian churches let them­ be given equal status with others enough? Given the facts of U.S. selves be used as agent of the federal within the denomination? Will the history, does the Church not have government's policies for Natives. curriculum be based upon Native responsibility to work for justice and "I hope the United Methodist experiences and needs rather than liberation beyond the ecclesiastical Church has learned better. I hope those of the majority's cultural ex­ framework, to support the concerns the Church is big enough for more pectations? We don't need a school of Natives content with their tradi­ than one culture or language or style for Native Ministries organized upon tional, tribal religion? In order to be of praising God. I hope the Church the values and attitudes found in able to determine their own destin­ has stopped being a colonizer." white seminaries." ies, Native Americans must work There is no doubt the United Native American ministerial orders through complicated relations with Methodist Church is currently being and qualifications sharply focus the the government, overcome econom­ tested on whether its professed love question of the Church's capacity for ic and social disadvantage and deal of justice and racial inclusiveness is respecting cultural diversity. United with the contemporary implications genuine. For years the Church has Methodist educational standards for of tribal realities . Are such issues prided itself on its ethnic mix and has ordination are alien to Native peo­ outside the scope of mission? projected a goal of non-racist plural­ ples, past and present, according to Ms. Nowabbi sometimes find a ism. That goal figures prominently in Ms. Nowabbi. Yet the adopHon of heavy dose of ecclesiasticism in the the missional priority aimed at standards more applicable to Native ethnic minority missional priority. "I strengthening the ethnic minority experience causes snags in the trans­ keep wondering if the United Meth­ local churches. The manner in which fer of pastors to congregations out­ odist Church will get involved in this priority is pursued will say much side OIMC and leads some whites to helping protect western Native land about United Methodist sincerity. look upon Native ordination as " sec­ from strip miners and in the struggle And it will say whether the white ond class. " OIMC, as a missionary to return tribal governments to the majority really wants minority part­ conference, has some latitude in the tribes. Many young Natives, includ­ ners in the work of the Lord . • adaptation of provisions on ministe­ ing some preachers' kids, don't rial qualifications but significant de- consider the Christian Church rele- Elliott Wright is a frequent contributor. New World Outlook• January 1978 29 ... AFRICAN REFUGEES IN THE MIDST OF TURMOIL

J. HARRY HAINES

n Ea ster Sunday morning in 2. rribalism settled violently and t housa nds have O Nairobi, Ken ya, I met 18 young Th e majority of Afri ca n refugees fl ed Uga nda, incl uding intell ectuals Africans who had walked from So ut h today come not from white- ruled sorely needed for leadership. Africa through five African nations, nations Ii ke South Africa but from looking for a place to go to sc hool. independent ones. Th e underl ying 4. Economic Dep rivation No country would ta ke them . Th e reaso n is the unresolved problem of Under almost every refugee situa­ United Methodist Committee on t ribali sm . tion there is the fact, o r the feeling, Relief airlifted them to W est Africa W hen in 1962 the Be lgian Tru st of economic deprivation, though it is w here they were ab le to get an Territori es of Rwanda-Burundi be­ often expressed in other ways. ed ucation. These young men epito­ came independent, social and politi­ The long civi l war w hich ended in mize a problem almost indige nous to cal problems quickly arose. In Rwan· Sudan in 1971 was at ti mes described Africa, that of educational refugees . da the Hutu tribal maj ority, w hich as a racial wa r and a religious war. But It is estimated that there are two made up 85 percent of the popula­ a significant ca use of it was the million refugees on the Africa n con­ tion, did not accept the do mi nation feeling among southern Sudanes e tinent . No one rea lly knows how of t he Tuts i mino rity elite. After a that they were at an economic disad­ many, because almost daily new bitter civil war more than 100,000 vantage compared to the nort hern refugees swe ll the alre ad y steady Tutsis were forced to leave Rwanda, part of the country and that develop­ strea m of Africa ns seeking asy lum. half of them crossi ng to Burundi. In ment did not reach t hem. That civil W ho are the African refugees ? W hy 1972, t ri ba l violence in Burundi led to war spi lled thousan ds of refugees are they homeless? W hat is the an exodus of about 50, 000 Burundis. into Uganda, Zai re, Ethiopia an d the Church doing to ease the probl em? Central African Republic. 3. Politica l Unrest Another kind of economic depri­ The Roots of the Problem In Zaire , then the Congo, turbu­ va ti o n h as fo ll owed the Sahel lent events following independence drought across the w hole of the 1. Colo nial and Racist Oppress io n in 1960 created many refugees. Even northern half of Africa. Peop le of the Two years ago more than half of today, refugees from Zaire are to be Sa hel w hose cattle have been w iped Africa 's refugees were perso ns w ho found in Sudan and other countries out by t he drought have been forced , had fl ed the hars h oppress ion of bord eri ng Zaire. by t he constantly advancing Sa hara colonial o r racist regimes. From Civil war w hich followed Angola's Dese rt, into t he countries further Angola alone, hundreds of thou­ independence and continuing prob­ south, w here they crowd the urban sands trekked dangerously through lems there have created refu gees, centers in search of food and so me the forest to t he safety of Zaire. Large many of them in Botswana . Some way of earning it. numbers of Mozambicans were be­ Angolan refugees in Zaire w ho might fri e nd ed by Tanza ni a. A mu c h return to their homeland fear to do 5. Religious Strife smaller number for whom life had so for political, tribal and other Eve n relig io n has ca used refugees. become impossible in South Africa reaso ns. The re ligious movement led by the and Rhodesia ma naged to make their Since ldi Amin ca me to power in prophetess Al ice Lens hina in Za mbia way to independent African coun­ 1971 , Uganda has produced many came into violent co nflict with the tries. refugees. Among the first were the new Govenment shortly after Za m­ With the independence of M o­ Uga ndan Asians, w ho made up a bia's independence. Thousands of zambique and Angola, many w ho considerable part of the commercia l the prophetess' followers fled across had fled this sort of oppress ion may and professional class. With pres­ the border into Zaire and lived t here be ab le to return home. Refugees sure from General Amin's govern­ for many years, though the reconcili­ continue to flee Na mi bia (So uthwest ment for " Africanizati on", they were ation and repatriation of many of Afri ca) , South Africa and Zimbabwe ex pell ed in 1972. In the pas t few years them has since taken place. (Rh odesia) . many political scores have been Je hovah's Witnesses, refusing to

New World Outlook• January 1978 31 th lo sc Be

ril re t ~

ll b

0 fl "It is estimated ii that there are a two million refugees on the African continent. No one really knows how many."

renounce their religion when it was the United Nations High Commis­ banned by the Malawi government, sion for Refugees and the Interna­ became refugees in Zambia. Some of tional University Exchange Fund. w them, too, have since returned but Working through national "( others remain in exile. churches and Christian councils, the cc United Methodist Committee on d( The Role of the Churches Relief has assisted refugees in Bot­ These are some of the causes of swana; Rwandese refugees in Burun­ th Africa's refugees. Many of those who di seeking to build schools in their is left their native countries over the rural settlements; Burundi refugees p( last 20 years will never return. The in Rwanda needing food; Angolan h( most fortunate have acquired land refugees in Zaire, whose medical and and cultivated it and have borne educational needs are great; refu­ se children in their adopted country gees in Uganda with educational, and find it easier to stay where they pastoral and social programs and (( are. small loans, and Western Sahara e1 The churches of Africa have of­ refugees with emergency assistance. z, fered immense help to many refu­ But these give only a partial idea of Al gees beginning life in a new country. UMCOR aid. Much of the financial Many churches and national Chris­ assistance churches supply to Africa e1 tian councils run aid and counselling benefits refugees primarily. For ex­ (( agencies and education programs for ample, UMCOR has assisted the re the newcomers, in cooperation with Rapsu settlement scheme in Kenya d the Organization of African Unity, (see " Kenyan ' Promised Land '" in th w 32 New World Outlook• January 1978 the March, 1977 New World Out­ Refugees may be as a result of economic look). All the persons served by the deprivation, as in the Sahel (below), po­ scheme are refugees, Somali and litical warfare, as in Angola (opposite Boran tribespeople. page), or tribal conflict (page 30). But many refugees have little secu­ rity for either political or economic reasons. Uganda, which contained the highest ratio of refugees to nationals of any African country, has taken steps to reduce by repatriation the refugee population and control the border areas . About 120,000 Burundis, Sudanese and Zairois re­ main in Uganda but they live in anticipation of action similar to that taken against the Asians. Botswana, surrounded as it is by still white-controlled territories, makes a natural haven for refugees but also a vulnerable target for economic and political repercus­ sions from its mighty neighbors. Botswana does not permit refugees to work. In Ethiopia, as in Zaire, political conflicts keep the refugee situation fluid. Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia will be resettled on land made available in the Humena area, but refugees who go to Addis Ababa encounter economic difficulties and work restrictions. Burundi has a positive attitude toward refugees despite increasing economic difficulties. Yet its inte­ grated rural settlement programs for refugees, successful at the outset, created serious tension with the local population which viewed the aid to refugees as privileged treatment. These problems have been partly overcome in the course of time. For refugees with no real future where they now live, the questions "Can we return?" and " When?" are constant, touching everything they do. Many of them have come to feel that their situation is hopeless. But it is not hopeless. Those who have the power to change their situation, countries and what stands in the way however, are not the refugees them­ of their return. We wish them to selves, but others. work with their governments and, if That is why in 1971 the executive possible, with the refugees who have committee of the All African Confer­ fled, to remove the causes of their ence of Churches, meeting in exile, so that they may return." Zaire-which has sheltered so many We Christians in America should African refugees-declared: join Christians in Africa in arousing "We are calling on all Christians in the conscience of their nations on every country of Africa to arouse the the refugees' behalf. • conscience of their nations on the refugees' behalf. We wish Christian ) churches to ask the governments of Dr. Haines is associate general secre­ their countries how many men and tary, United Methodist Committee on women are refugees from their Relief.

New World Outlook • January 1978 33 - - Pre ou pla ad1 ins fie be pri Ha se ca fl\ 111 l1i u ii

ZAIRE Our Annual Conference was held at Wembo Nyama July 5-12 , in a relaxed and spiritual atmosphere. The Church was rejoicing that the B government has returned the 0 schools which it took over in 1975 , t ~ and parents have high hopes for an SE improvement in the morals of teach­ ers and stude nts . Some revival meetings held among st udents have turned up amazing quantities of churches " of the early Christians. charms and " medicine" used by Songs and prayers were in Kru , the students to get good grades or LIBERIA language of this congregation; with protect themselves against harm. As tambourines and clapping hands we they are moved by the evangelists' The car lurched and bounced marched to the new church building. preaching and want to give them­ through the narrow path. Rain had This is just one vignette of the selves to Christ, they bring these filled the hollows with water and pread of the church in the city objects to the altar. mud stretched from side to side. Far today. In Gbarnga District the lay The Conference Treasurer's report back in the bush? No! We were on people are trained to start churches. included gloomy news about the our way to Doe Juah United Method­ Whenever these Kpelle and Bassa large chronic deficit in the Confer­ ist Church in the area of Monrovia speaking people move to another ence entertainment fund because of ca lled West Point. There in the town or place they begin to gather the high cost of transporting dele­ shadow of the luxury homes and others about them into " house gates over the vast distances from hotels thousands of people live churches. " An article in a recent UM which they come. But there was jammed into a narrow spit of land publication talked of the high cost of humor too : in reporting on the food which stretches out into the mouth beginning new churches in the Unit­ promised and actually contributed of the Mesurado River. We were ed States, estimated at $400 ,000 for by the various Districts, the Rever­ there for the cornerstone laying for the first five years . Do we have end Mr. Djundu read at one point : their church building. something to learn from Africans? " Bena Dibele promised three goats, From a sma ll prayer band the Tony and Karis Fadely but one ran away, so they still owe congregat i on had grown and Monrovia, Liberia the Conference one goat." reached out to the commun ity West Africa Dorothy R. Gilbert around them. We met first in the house which is servi ng as the prese nt They are United Methodist mission­ She is a United Methodist missionary church, and I thought of the " house aries. teaching nursing at Wembo Nyama . 36 New World Outlook • January 1978 ing water and swiftly running streams ity, we were transferred to the and rivers. Then they travel for eight extension work of Yonibana. Those NIGERIA hours up the Benue in a dugout of you who are acquainted with the canoe. One dugout tipped over work at Yonibana probably know Si nee early June our new Aviation containing two of our Muri Church that as a direct result of the help that Program has again taken to the air. Chairman's children. They narrowly has been given through your gifts Our new Cessna 206 is a beautiful escaped drowning. (We hadn't been and missionary efforts in that com­ plane and is easy to handle. In contacted for a flight.) We were able munity, the church has grown in its addition it has special equipment to fly seve ral of these young people, influence and membership, the installed so Walter can make short but many more had to return to standard of life and living for many field landings and take offs. She has sc hool over this treacherous route. has improved and many people are been given the same name as her This weekend we expect to bring educated in the realms of agricul­ predecessor, " Bishara." Bi shara is 1200 baby chicks from Jos to Bambur ture, mechanics, and other fields Hausa for " good news." along with a visiting Bishop from the such as geography, economics and Bishara arrived just as the rainy U.S. You can see we do have a variety so on. season began in June. Since the rains of passe ngers! The success at Yonibana has now came late this year the plane began We are thankful for the blessings begun to bud on another stem of the flying before the road s closed. We've of support all of you give us, each in same plant. Pa Lokkoh is in an area flown fifty patients in the last two your own special way. May God, in which has been divided and changed months plus twenty of their helpers, turn, bless you. since World War 11 . The people of the usually relatives, to bring them food Walter, Mona and Doug Mason area are only now returning to their if they are confined to bed. homeland. Most of them are return­ We've delivered drug orders to They are UM missionaries at Jos . ing without skills or money. For this two dispensaries across the Benue reason , the conference is attempting River. We made two emergency a development scheme to assist medical flights with critically ill pa­ them in resettlement, health and tients. One of the patients was little sanitation practices, agricultural de­ six-week-old Matthew Gulley, the SIERRA velopment and most importantly, son of one of our missionary fami­ spiritual development. lies. We are happy to report that he is home again and doing well. LEONE Percy and Estelita Brown We have many students in the As you may or may not know, Yonibana, Sierra Leone Bambur area who go to school on the Sierra Leone went through a national other side of the Benue. They, like all election earlier this yea r ... as the They are United Methodist mission­ those traveling by foot, must walk adventures of elections began to aries working in community devel­ several miles, often through stand- settle down to normalcy and regular- opment.

Students at Bambur, Nigeria, some of whom travel by air with missionary. Opposite page, congregation enters Liberian United Methodist church.

New World Outlook• January 1978 37 -I -Si PrDI QU I pla1 add ins t fi el1 bee pre Hai E sea car flyi flo

1111 us if

~~ ~J ZAIRE si~ so Our Annual Conference was held lie at Wembo Nyama July 5-12 , in a ho relaxed and spiritual atmosphere. I The Church was rejoicing that the Ba government has returned the otl schools which it took over in 1975, th! and parents have high hopes for an se' improvement in the morals of teach­ ers and students . Some revival meetings held among students have turned up amazing quantities of churches" of the early Christians. charms and ." medicine" used by Songs and prayers were in Kru , the students to get good grades or LIBERIA language of this congregation; with protect themselves against harm. As tambourines and clapping hands we they are moved by the evangelists' The car lurched and bounced marched to the new church building. preaching and want to give them­ through the narrow path. Rain had This is just one vignette of the selves to Christ, they bring these filled the hollows with water and spread of the church in the city objects to the altar. mud stretched from side to side. Far today. In Gbarnga District the lay The Conference Treasure r's report back in the bush? No! We were on people are trained to start churches. included gloomy news about the our way to Doe Juah United Method­ Whenever these Kpelle and Bassa large chronic deficit in the Confer­ ist Church in the area of Monrovia speaking people move to another ence entertainment fund because of called West Point. There in the town or place they begin to gather the high cost of transporting dele­ shadow of the luxury homes and others about them into " house gates over the vast distances from hotels thousands of people live churches." An article in a recent UM which they come. But there was jammed into a narrow spit of land publication talked of the high cost of humor too: in reporting on the food which stretches out into the mouth beginning new churches in the Unit­ promised and actually contributed of the Mesurado River. We w ere ed States , estimated at $400 ,000 for by the various Districts, the Rever­ there for the cornerstone laying for the first five years. Do we have end Mr. Djundu read at one point: their church building. something to learn from Africans? " Bena Dibele promised three goats, From a small prayer band the Tony and Kari s Fadel y but one ran away, so they still owe congregat i on had grown a nd Monrovia , Liberi a the Conference one goat. " reached ou t to the community West Africa Dorothy R. Gilbert around them. We met first in the house which is serving as the prese nt They are United M ethodist miss ion­ She is a United Methodist missionary church, and I thought of the " house aries. tea ching nursing at Wembo N ama . 36 New World Outlook • January 1978 ing water and swiftly running streams ity, we w ere transferred to t he and rivers . Then they travel for eight extension work of Yonibana. Those NIGERIA hours up the Benue in a dugout of you w ho are acquainted with the canoe. One dugout tipped over work at Yonibana probably know Since early June our new Aviation containing two of our Muri Church that as a direct result of the help that Program has again taken to the air. Chairman's children. They narrowly has been given through your gifts Our new Cessna 206 is a beautiful escaped drowning. (We hadn't been and missionary efforts in that com­ plane and is easy to handle. In contacted for a flight.) We were able munity, the church has grown in its addition it has special equipment to fly several of these young people, influence and membership, the installed so Walter can make short but many more had to return to standard of life and living for many field landings and take offs. Sh e has school over this treacherous route. has improved and many people are been given the same name as her This weekend we expect to bring educated in the realms of agricu l­ predecessor, " Bishara ." Bishara is 1200 baby chicks from Jos to Bambur ture, mechanics, and other fields Hausa for " good news. " along with a visiting Bishop from the such as geography, economics and Bishara arrived just as the rainy U.S. You can see we do have a variety so on. season began in June. Since the rains of passengers! The success at Yonibana has now came late this year the plane began We are thankful for the blessings begun to bud on another stem of the flying before the roads closed . We've of support all of you give us, each in same plant. Pa Lokkoh is in an area flown fifty patients in the last two your own special way. May God, in which has been divided and changed months plus twenty of their helpers, turn, bless you. since World War 11. The people of the usually relatives , to bring them food Walter, Mona and Doug Mason area are only now returning to their if they are confined to bed. homeland. Most of them are return­ We've delivered drug orders to They are UM missionaries at Jos . ing without skills or money. For this two dispensaries across the Benue reason, the conference is attempting River. We made two emergency a development scheme to assist medical flights with critically ill pa­ them in resettlement, health and tients. One of the patients was little sanitation practices, agricultural de­ six-week-old Matthew Gulley, the SIERRA velopment and most importantly, son of one of our missionary fami­ spiritual development. lies. We are happy to report that he is home again and doing well . LEONE Percy and Estelita Brown We have many students in the As you may or may not know, Yonibana, Sierra Leone Bambur area who go to school on the Sierra Leone went through a national other side of the Benue. They, Ii ke all election earlier this year . .. as the They are United Methodist mission­ those traveling by foot, must walk adventures of elections began to aries working in community devel­ several miles, often through stand- settle down to normalcy and regular- opment.

Students at Bambur, Nigeria, some of whom travel by air with missionary. Opposite page, congregation enters Liberian United Methodist church.

New World Outlook• January 1978 37 The way to go about this is with a marital sex is " becoming increasingly proper understanding or definition of common among both the educated and sexuality itself. And it is here that the uneducated." Th is is not news. A recent va r authors part company with the bulk of study of 20 ,000 educated " higher middle th! the Church's teaching down through the class subjects" revealed that more than sta years. Instead of seeing sexuality as one-third of the males and one-fifth of pa serving primarily the pu rposes of procre­ the women had had homosexual experi­ co ~ ation, they see it as a force that perme­ ences involving orgasm. This is higher gr ates all of life and influences every act of a than the 10 percent of the population ;BOOKS person's being-and they cite a recent usually quoted as " homosexually orient­ sp Vatican Declaration on Sexual Ethics to ed ." The authors note that on this to support their views. " We suggest," they · subject scientific opinion is divided da say, " that human sexuality must be more today on whether homosexuality " is in broadly understood than it was in much itself indicative of a personality defect." in of our earlier tradition. (It is) simply the It is useful to have this factual data in as way of being in , and relating to, the one place, but the greatest service of this tu HUMAN SEXUALITY: New Directions in world as a male or female person." This book is its concern for a " theology of m American Catholic Thought, by Anthony means that sexuality is not just an human sexuality" and its emphasis on to Kosnik, William Carroll, Agnes Cunning­ isolated biological phenomenon but an " pastoral guidelines." Kosnik and his rn ham, Ronald Modras, and James Schulte. integral part of personal self-expression colleagues leave no doubt that the old C1 New York, 1977: Paulist Press, 316 pages, and its purpose is " to serve human method of evaluating sex acts from a st including appendix, $8.50. relationships, not subjugate them." Christian perspective-" ls this act moral bi In the 1960s the Roman Catholic The authors begin their study with an or immoral?"-is inadequate today. It sl Church led the Protestant churches in admittedly too short (they say "schemat­ does a disservice to the complexity of the the area of new directions in worship and ic" ) overview of Scripture, noting that human moral enterprise and it implies a liturgy. Now, with this publication in the although there are allusions to sexuality greatly oversimplified understanding of late 1970s, the Catholic Church provides in the Bible there is no word in either sexuality. But they also leave no doubt considerable impact in another signifi­ Hebrew or biblical Greek for sexuality as that they have nothing in common with cant area of the Christian life-sexuality. we understand it today. If the book has moral relativism or the surrender of This study was commissioned by the one failing as far as its use among human values and ethical norms. In­ Catholic Theological Society of America Protestants is concerned it is that the stead, they advocate person-oriented and carries no official Church endorse­ opening chapter and the subsequent criteria by which sexual behavior may be ment-in fact, it has been widely de­ Biblical references come nowhere near evaluated. These values are: self-liberat­ nounced by the Church hierarchy-but it fulfilling the need for a thorough discus­ ing, other-enriching, honest, faithful, is easily the most authoritative and sion of the biblical material. Shorter socially responsible, life-serving, and exhaustive study of the whole area of documents such as the United Presby­ joyous. "Where such qualities prevail, human sexuality by any church group to terian Church's Blue Book study on one can be reasonably sure that the date. Certainly, as more and more issues sexuality and the human community sexual behavior that has brought them arise in relation to sexuality, including (1970) , have a more profound biblical forth is wholesome and moral. On the pre-marital sex, abortion, extramarital analysis. Among the team of five scholars contrary, where sexual conduct be­ sex, homosexuality, the Church's atti­ which produced the Catholic study, comes personally frustrating and self­ tude toward single persons, and others, however, none appears to have creden­ destructive, manipulative and enslaving I it is inconceivable that Protestant groups tials in biblical studies. of others, deceitful and dishonest, in­ working on these issues can overlook The authors believe that St . Paul's consistent and unstable, indiscriminate this benchmark study. ideas about sex were largely conditioned and promiscuous, irresponsible and The starting point forth is study and the by his experience of the prevailing non-life-serving, burdensome and re­ reason it was commissioned by the licentious climate in Greece and his pugnant, ungenerous and un-Christlike, Catholic Theological Society is the sim­ strong belief in the immediate return of it is clear that God's ingenious gift for ple observation that there is an enor­ Christ in glory. But it is with the early calling us to creative and integrative A mous gap between what the Catholic Church fathers that the negative attitude growth has been seriously abused ." Church has been teaching about sex and toward sex grows and becomes en­ They are fully aware that the line what the faithful have been practicing. trenched, culminating especially in the between moral and immoral sexual be­ ac Statistically, of course, Catholics aren't rigorous views of St. Augustine. Along havior, especially for the unmarried, was much different from the rest of the the way there were notable exceptions, more clearly drawn in the traditional ~ population but the gap is more notice­ such as St. Thomas Aquinas, who taught moral code, but they also know that " if able because the Catholic Church has the natural goodness of sex, and the 16th ever there was a time when the 'thou Tl been so explicit on matters of sex. From century Thomas Sanchez, who boldly shalt not' approach to premarital sexual the reaction of the Church's hierarchy to asserted that "there is no sin in spouses morality was successful , that day is this book it appears that their answer to who intend to have intercourse simply over." Blanket condemnation of all pre­ the obvious gap between teaching and as spouses". But overall what devel­ marital sexual intimacy is no longer taken practice is to tell Catholics to get back in oped was a condemnation of sex for vir­ seriously. line. But this hasn't worked, and won't tually any purposes beyond procreation. As for homosexuality, which is surely work, because fewer people each year As a result Christian ethics became a one of the more complex sexual ques­ pay any attention to what their Church " highly negative, juridical, and act­ tions faced by all the churches these says in this area. The obvious question is : centered morality, which all too easily days , the authors identify four basic can the Church come up with an ap­ proclaimed moral absolutes with little approaches : (1) Homosexual acts are Cl proach to human sexuality which is regard for person-oriented values." " intrinsically evil ," (2) Homosexual acts faithful to fundamental Christian values, A lengthy section of " The Empirical are " essentially imperfect," (3) Homo­ reasonably consistent with the findings Sciences and Human Sexuality" reports sexual acts are to be evaluated in terms of of modern behavioral sciences, and is the most recent Kinsey, Masters and their relational significance, and (4) Ho­ not a wholesal e capitulation to moral Johnson, and Yankelovich findings on mosexual acts are essentially good and license and libertinism? sexual practices among Americans. Pre- natural. Following the criteria above, the

38 New World Outlook• January 1978 authors find the second and third ap­ proaches " more compatible with the understanding of human sexuality ad­ vanced in this report." Homosexuals, they ay, have a right to expect under- tanding and acceptance from their pastor and counselors " along with a constant cha llenge to maturity and inte­ gration in their lives and relationships . . . . They need the supportive atmo­ sphere of attitudes that Jesus exhibited to the despised and oppressed of his day." Although many of the questions asked in this book, especially about such issues as contraception, sterilization, and mas­ turbation, are of overriding concern mainly to Catholics, the entire approach to the issues of sexuality shou ld com­ mand the interest of Protestants as well. Certain ly, any church figure making statements about sex these days wou Id be remiss not to have read this significant study. (C.E .B.)

LETTERS Wipe Away the rears Tidal waves, war, chronic hunger away the tears . The Medical Dispensary at APPRECIATION FROM MOZAMBIQUE and the accompanying problems Khulna rea ches more than 350 patients each Thank you so much for your magazine. plague thousands in Bangladesh . day , many of them children suffering from I appreciate it very much. My present In this overcrowded land despair malnutrition and hunger-related diseases. Op· address is Caixa Postal 2640 , Maputo, is everywhere . The need for food and medicine erated by the Church of Bang ladesh, the staff Mozambique. is ever present. Parents see their children go of four nurses and local volunteer doctors to bed hungry and awake with tears in their Almeida Penicela depends upon financial su pport from the U.S. eyes. Through UMCOR the United Methodi st You can be a part of this im portant Christian Maputo, Mozambique Church helps thousands each year - wiping ministry through your generous gifts! The writer is bishop of the United Methodist Church in Mozambique. Help wipe away the tears with your gift .

... AND FROM CANADA r· 202621-1 1 Thank you for another outstanding ------~ issue of ew World Outlook. The Octo­ I I ber 1977 number is up to your usual high standard and particularly useful for the I Cl ip this coupon NAME I current mission study theme " Caribbean and mail with your check to: STREET ADDRESS ______I Crescent." Please se nd us 50 copies .. . . I R. Malcolm Ransom I RoomUMCOR CITY _STATE ZIP ____ I Secretary, Mission Education 1439 The Presbyterian Church in Canada, I 475 Riverside Drive CHURCH ANNUAL CONFERENCE I New York, N.Y. 10027 The United Methodist Child Support Program 1s a part olthe world wide minostry of T::Jhe Board of World Mission Board of Global Mm1str1es, all with child care instrtu11ons approved as Advance Specials Toronto, Ontario, Canada L ------New World Outlook• January --1978 39 in Zi" Briti stress 1 tions which THE llOYIMG all pe1 in afl FINGER WRITEStr ~~ befre whetl or oLI His SOUTH AFRICAN CHURCH COUNCIL He also announced his staff will study concede that, then we will go ahead ." guerr ELECTS BLACK ANGLICAN BISHOP the applicability of U.S. laws to activities (According to a report in The ew York from Anglican Bishop Desmond Tutu of described in the plan to ascertain the Times, " jou rnal ists who have covered some Lesotho has been named general sec re­ extent to which activities may be legally the war do not se riously question that prop1 tary of the South African Council of proscribed. Bishop Muzorewa is the si ngle most ty ru Churches. The document desc ribed plans to popular leader among " blacks.") creas When he takes office Jan . 1, he will be implant an intelligence network in the Other Rhodesia n nationalist leaders settle the first black person to hold the posi­ White House in the last yea r of the Ford also expressed optimism at the latest As tion. Administration, to win over the Demo­ Smith proposal for a political settlement. umb Bishop Tutu had been offered the post cratic Party's policy re se arch committee A spokesman for the faction led by the grou last year, but the other Anglican bishops in Congress and to create American Rev . Ndabaningi Sithole said, " We think agre in South Africa wanted him to remain in public opinion favorable to South Korea we have got what we have been fighting men his position in Lesotho, which he as­ by paying for influential U.S. journalists , for." And Chief Jeremiah Chirau of the gue sumed in August 1976. academics and clergy to visit the country Zimbabwe United Peoples Organization ene The prelate is a member of the Stand­ to convert them. In so me cases the said , " An end to terrorism must be in th~ ing Committee on Faith and Order of the document listed sums of money author­ sight because the fight for majority rule World Council of Churches. Before ized as " manipulation expenses. " Fore becoming Bishop of Lesotho, he was The 1976 plan, which called for spend­ ref~ 1 Dean of the Cathedral of St. Mary in ing $750,000 on about 140 different too ~ "Because God first loved us." Johannesburg. operations, was evidently the latest in a Bis hi He succeeds the Rev. John Thorne, series of yearly plans dating back to the ..... mou former general secretary of the United early 1970s, according to reports. It was talks Congregational Church of Southern another piece of evidence of the South human alter Africa, in the Council of Churches Korean government's effort to sway woul position. American policy in favor of the Park were (RNS) regime. relations fl ed j (UMC) asyl DOCUMENT SHOWS KOREAN CIA day mil PLANNED TO CONVERT CLERGY BISHOP MUZOREWA WELCOMES rum 1,2()( Clergy of several mainline U.S. Protes­ 'ONE MAN, ONE VOTE' PLAN forc E tant denominations are among those United Methodist Bishop Abel Mu­ Mo~ mentioned in the South Korean Central zorewa, head of the United African February 12, 1978 Mira Intelligence Agency document discus­ National Council, has welcomed Rhode­ ch in! sed by U.S. Rep . Donald M. Fraser's sian Prime Minister Ian Smith's proposa l U 11 ited Meth odist gi ft s 011 HunM n the Sub-committee on International Organi­ for universal adult suffrage as a " capitula­ Relat10 11 Day rncike possible four seni \'ll

New World Outlook • January 1978 41 The peeche of both men were laced said: " I repeat with Zechariah : 'Love, necessary in order to overcome difficul­ with Biblical allusions and references to a right, and justice.' From the holy Koran I ties and pitfalls .. . shared belief in the one God. quote: 'We believe in God and in what " And with the help of the Lord, we " As I begin my address," said Mr. was revealed to Abraham , Ishmael, shall achieve, we shall reach that day for Sadat, " I wish to say, peace and all the Jacob, and the 13 Jewish tribes. And in which our entire nation is praying- the mercy of God Almighty be upon you and the books given to Moses and Jesus and day of peace. may peace be with us all, God willing . . .. the prophets from their Lord . . .' " " For verily, that day- the sweet singer " Under God, God's teachings and Said Mr. Begin at the conclusion of his of Israel , King David , wrote about the commandments are : love, sincerity, se­ address : " We shall raise a prayer that the day-when justice and peace embraced. curity, and peace." God of our fathers, our joint fathers , will And in the words of the prophet Ze­ Mr. Begin, in his opening remarks, give us the wisdom of the heart that is chariah, peace and justice embraced.'' Amar Ame! said , " Our blessing is sent to the Presi­ Ashtc dent (Sadat) and to all members of the Islamic faith, in our land and every­ where, on the occasion of this special Baile1 Muslim holiday of the sacrifice. [53 " This holiday reminds us of the sacri­ Barbi fice (of Abraham, revered by both Jew Be lla and Muslim). This was the first test that Billin the Lord , the Lord of Lords, placed our February will feature a Lenten meditation, articles about Hispanics and the Church, Blad including a photo feature on the Rio Grande Conference, also an article on little-known father, our joint father, in his faith and Bod Botswana, a nation in Southern Africa. There will also be a report on Indochinese refugees Bray Abraham passed the test." in the United States , plus articles on theological education and mission in Africa. Bre oting that the Biblical event was meant to indicate God's disapproval of [4 human sacrifice and so " advance man­ Bria kind," Mr. Begin said that both Jews and Muslims, by their traditions against such sacrifices, " contributed to the advance­ Call ment of mankind and so do we continue Car to contribute to human culture until this Cm day." I Both leaders referred to the Hebrew Clar [1 prophet Zechariah. Calling for a " perma­ [5 nent peace based on justice," Mr. Sadat Carll Coor Crye

Dan ii [44 the author of Dans from II Planet Davi! Diet tor a sma Deal! [45 deSt1 ''Cha\\enges our most Dewj cherished myths r " Dew ut world hunge . Diaz , abO Washington Post SUS'-N SECHLER, "one of the most stimu\ating books " M'- ROTHSCHILD, Alric; in years. -:-EM sook Review N.Y. Times All T De Anci WE And AnnLI Glc Appa [33 Asiar Se1 Asse! M Israeli Prime Minister Menahem Begin whispers to Egypt's President Anwar Sadat during a working dinner at the King David Hotel in Jerusalem on Nov. 20. In a television interview, both leaders indicated that contacts between Egypt and Begi Israel might continue after their historic meeting. " We shall continue the dialogue Se Benl wherever Pres ident Sadat chooses," Mr. Begin said. President Sadat was less Ne committal, but agreed that there could be meetings between the Egyptian and Israeli Brazi ambassadors in Washington. "As I said today, we are ready," he remarked. 717 42 New World Outlook • January 1978 IN DEX TO NEW WORLD OUTLOOK FOR 1977

New Series Vol. XXXVll No. 5-Vol. XXXVlll No. 4; Whole Series Vol. LXVll Nos. 1-11

CONTRIBUTORS

A E L Rothrock, Pat , June , (302]; Nov., Amara, Uru, Nov., (500 ] Early , Tracy, Jan ., (14]; Jul y-Aug., Labayen , Julio Xavier, Nov., (478] [516] Ames, Marion, Dec., (548) (327) Larson, Lawrence, June, (291) Rowan, Ruth Dinkins , Nov., (508] Ashton, Mary Ann, Mar., (134] Lashford , Cathy, Oct. , [452 ] F Lerrigo, Charley, Feb. , [75]; Apr., s B Fisher, eal F., Mar., (149 ] [175], (178] Sartin, Nancy, Apr., (170) Ba iley, W ilfred, June, (303); Dec., Fields, Jeannie, Feb. , [82] Leutner, Louise, Oct., [459] Seitz, Ruth , Mar., (129]; June, (300] (530] Forbes, James A., Jr., June , (282] Smyres, Roy, S., May, [245] Barber, atalie, Sept. , [406] Freiburger, Eleanor, Jul y-Aug., M Stentzel, Jim , Feb ., [80) Bellamy, Kathleen V., June, [275] [334] Magalis, Elaine, July-Aug., (344] Stevens , Kathleen, Dec., [556] Billings, Peggy, Dec., [568] Freytes, Moises, Oct., [450] Matthews, Gene, Feb ., [198) Streit, Mary, Oct. , (454] Blackburn, James C., June, [278] May, Edward , Jul y-Aug., (355) Sundaram, Gabriel, Sept. , (408] Boche, Beverly, May, (238] G McArthur, Judy, June, [297] Swiggett, Ernest, Sept. , (399) Braybrooke, eville, Dec. , (538] Germany, Charles H., Sept., [390] Mccallum, Marvin, June, (297] Brewster, Charles E., Jan. , [8); Gilliland, Dean S., Jan ., [1 8] ; June, McCarger, Linda, Nov., (496] T Mar., (126); May. (234); Oct., (286) McClean, Robert, May, (230] Thomas , Norman E., Mar., (112] [461]; Dec., (550] Gittings, James A., Nov., [488] McVeigh, Malcolm J. , Jan ., [32] Thompson, Betty, Apr., [162] Briata , Violeta, May, [250] Guthrie, S. T., July-Aug., [320] Miller, Lois C., July-Aug., (325 ] Tripputi , Vicente]., June , (289] Moore, Arthur J., Jan ., (43 ]; Feb. , c H (98]; Mar. , (150] ; Apr., (1 85 ]; u Callaghan , W. Sydney, Sept. , [384] Hamilton, Sharon Cale, June, [298] May, (251], (252], av., (516] Urdang, Stephanie, Mar., [138] Carrasquillo, elson, Oct. , (458) Hamlin, Joyce, Feb ., [62] Morizono, Michael M ., Sept., (374] Casey, Ra ymond R., Jul y-Aug., Hannah, Katherine, Mar., [136] Myer, Connie, Feb. , (171 ]; Apr., v (349) Harman, Robert, Dec., [560] [164); July-Aug. , (330 ]; Nov., Vance, Kyle, July-Aug., (337] Clark, Ellen , Jan ., (36) ; Apr., (166], Hoffman, Douglas, Dec. , [560] [504]; Dec., (564] Viehman, Harold H. , Mar., (142 ] [181) ; av., [492]; Dec., [551 ], Hogg, W . Richey, June, [268] (567] Horner, Norman A., Nov., [501] N w Corl, Javan B. , June, (295] Howell, Leon , Nov., [483] Noell, Chuck, Sept., [403 ] Walker, Joe W. , Mar. , (150) Coombs, Orde, Oct. , [426] Weiser, Thomas, June, (272 ] Cryer, ewman, Sept., (387] J 0 Wertz, Bishop D. Frederick, Apr. , John, Valerie, Dec. , [534] Overbea, Luix Virgil, May, [242] (1 59 ] D Johnson, Douglas W., Feb ., [197] West, Charles C. , Feb. , [168] Daniels, George, Apr., [189]; Oct., Jones, Beatrice, av. , [512] p White, Frank, Feb ., (87) (440] Jones, Tracey K., Jr., Apr. , (159] Ph illips , Colette, Oct. , [444] Wilkinson, Brenda, Sept. , (410] Danskin, Warren L. , av., [514] Jordan, Charles W ., June, (294] Will , Donald S. , May, [221] Davis , James H ., Nov., (496] Jordan, John E., Mar., (120] R Winters, Ph ilip, Jan ., (43 ] Deale, Hugh and Marjorie, Oct. , Rada , Edward L. , May, [225] Woodruff, Lance R., Mar., [117]; [456] K Reed , Cail, Oct., [430] May, [216] deStellino, Elsa R., June, [289] Kanhai , Cornelius A., Oct. , (435] Reiley, Duncan, Jan ., [38] Woodwo rth , Elaine , Feb ., (91] Dewire, Norman E. , Dec. , (542) Kim , Chan-Hie, Sept. , [380] Remington, Theodora, Nov., [500] Wright, Elliott, Jan ., [25] ; Mar., DeWitt, Jesse R., Oct. , [446] Kromer, Helen, Apr., [193]; Sept. , Reuteler, James T., Jan ., [23] (146 ]; Apr. , [168], (172 ]; Jul y­ Diaz, Uxmal Livia, Oct., [448] [3 94] Riley, Negail R., Jan ., [39] Aug. , [341] ; Sept., [411]

TITLES

A c Church Moves Onstage, The, May, Policy, Jul y-Aug., (349] Africa Remembered, May, (245] Can the Local Church Be in Mis­ [238] 6-Transitional Communities, All Trails Lead to Jimmy Porter, sion Without Being Ecumeni­ Come Clown With Me, Dec. , (556] Sept., (399 ] Dec., [551] cal?, June, (278] Committee On Personnel In Mis­ 7-Changing Population Patterns Ancient Churches-Alive and Caribbean Conference of sion : More Witnesses in '76, in the U.S., ov., [496] Well, Nov., (501 ] Churches, The, Oct. , [444] Apr., (168] 8-Energy and the Chu rch , Dec. , And All That jazz, May, [242] Centennial Legacy, A, Sept., [374] Continuing Lega cy, A, Sept. , (390] [560] Annual Report of the Board of China and Christianity: Some Re­ Crusade Scholarship Committee : Doing It Yourself in Northern New Global Ministries, Apr. , [159] flections, Feb ., [681 Former Scholars Lead Churches, York, Nov., [504] Appalachia, Appalachia, July-Aug., China: Time of Transition, Feb ., Apr., [170] (337] [62] Current Realities About U.S. Per­ Asian Americans and the Church, Christian Media in the Third sons in Mission, Nov., [492] E Sept., [308] World, Jul y-Aug., [341 ] Education And Cultivation Divi­ Assessing Human Rights Today, Christian Students on the Move, D sion: Underg irding the Mission July-Aug., [327] Mar., [120] Directions in ational Mission: of the Church, Apr., (172] Christians Encounter Socialism : A 1-The Ethnic Minority Church, Ecumenical And lnterreligious B Cuban Perspective, Oct. , (448] Jan ., [39 ] Concerns Division: Developing Beginning at One' s Doorstep, Christmas Is a Feast in the West 2-Urban Investments and " Red­ an Ecumenical Mind, Apr., [175] Sept., [387] Indies, Dec. , [534] lining", Feb ., (87] Ethnic Minority Local Church : A Bertha E. Swindall, Therapist and Church for People, A, July-Aug., 3-School Desegregation, Mar., eed to Stem the Decline, Apr., eedler, Mar., [134] (344] (142] [166] Brazil Team Reunion, The, 6/6/66 to Church in Po st War Asia , The , 4-Crain Re serves, May, [230] Evangelism : Mandate, Not an Op­ 717177, Nov., [514] Nov., [483] 5-Food as a Tool for Foreign tion, Apr., [162]

New World Outlook• January 1978 43 p Explosion of Christmas, The , Dec., K She ltering Abused Children, Nov., aooks [530] Ke nya n " Pro mi ed Land " , A, Mar., Pal es tinian Christians, A Ta lk with [508] A/one [129] Albert Badre, Dec. , [550 ] Simpson-Hamline Church, Nov. , an Perso ns in Mission-Four Places : F [512] Mal 1-Grenada, Oct. , [454] Five Christian Women, Nov. , [488] Si x American Families, Mar., [146] At Thi L 2-Haiti , Oct., [456] Flowers of the Future , The : Edu ca­ Struggle and Contemplation at byI Labor Eva nge lis m in Hong Kong, 3-Puerto Rico , Oct., [458] tion i n Gui nea-Bissau , Mar. , Taize, Mar., [1131 ACa t Jan., [36] 4-St. Croix, Oct. , [459] [138] anc Letter from Brazi l, Jan ., [38] Politics of Starvation in Eritrea, T joh " From the Heart a Thought", ov., Local Church and the Denomina­ [500] The, May, [221 J Thailand : Land of the Fad i ng • ACe 1 tion in Mission, The, June, [275] Portfolio- Churches in Mission: Smile, May, [216] Ma Look at the State of the Church, A, Argentina : New Missions in Treasurer's Report: A Record Year Corry G USA, Dec. , [5 421 Poor Communities , June , of Giving, Apr., [197] No Giving Life Back to Teenagers in Looking at the Li fes tyle s of Com­ [289] Treating Patients With Compas­ Mel munities in Mission, June, [272] Uruguay, May, [250 ] England : Industrial Mission , sion , Sept. , [406] Dark , God's Colony-The Congregation June, [291 ] " They' re Just the Same as Us ," al in Mission, June, [268] Illinois : A Multi-ethnic Church Mar., [136] Go·G Good ews Under the Tent, Jul y­ M in Chicago, Jun e, [294 ] Re l Aug., [3211 M aking Edu cation Popular, Sept. , Japan : Church Extension by a u Mel [403] Tokyo Church, June, [295] U.S. and the Caribbean, The : A telo Malfunct ioning Paradise, The, Time of Change, Oct., [430] H Michigan : A Church's Emphasis Guidt Oct. , [4261 US-2s Are " More Evangelical", Ham Sok Hon: Witness to the on World Hunger, June, [297] cal Methodism in the Caribbean , Dec., [564] Crucifixion, Feb ., [80 ] North Carolina : An Ecumenical Intl Oct. , 1440] Center in Winston-Salem , Ungree ning of Elaine Woodworth, Health And Welfare M inistries Di­ the Methodist Hospital, The , Vrinda­ June , [298] The, Feb. , [91] vision : Taking a Global View, Ce ban , India, Sept. , [408] South Africa: Working Across United Methodist Committee On Apr., [1 78] s Missionaries Working With the Racial Lines , June, [300] Hillcrest: A Friend in Deed , July­ Relief Division : People Are the Hait Local Church, June, [286] Zaire : African Evangelism , June, Answers, Apr. , [193] Aug., [334] Mc Modern Pilgrims in the Sinai , May, [302] Hope for the City of Dreadful Hane [234] Puerto Rico Methodis ts, Oct. , Night, Mar., [11 7] v by More Than Food , Jul y-Aug., [330] [450] Vi sit to the Church in Cuba, A, How Old Was Joseph ?, Dec. , [538] Histo Oct., [446] Hunger: Board Committee Funds Am Visit to the Phanar, A, Jan ., [9] 221 Programs , Apr., [164] Ed~ R N [97] National Divis ion : Empowerment Rebirth , ov., [500] w ISa w Reclaiming the Land , Mar., [126] Remains the Priority, Apr., [181] What Is Church Development and No1 Restless for Unity, Jan ., [14] Impressions of the Dominican Re­ Neighborhood Knows What It Renewal? , Jan ., [32] Lettel public, Oct., [452] Wants , A, Sept. , [394] What the Black Church Ought to T.K In Malaysian City, Christians Act New Look For an Old Mission, A, Be Doing, June, [282] ttan Together, Jan ., [23 ] May, [225] s Whatever Happened to ... ?, Jan ., Feb " Savi ng" eighborhoods in Salt [25 ] In igeria, Religious Maturity ew Ways of Proclamation in Nam ii Algeria, Jul y-Aug., [325 ] Lake City, Feb ., [71] Women Throw Themselves into Grows, Jan ., [18] AU! North American Exile of Caribbean Schuyler Lake : A Farming Commu­ the Brier Patch , Feb ., [82] nity Church Renews Itself, Dec. , Women ' s Division : A Year of The ~ Persons, The, Oct., [435] betl J orthern I re land : Evangelism in a [548 ] Transition, Apr., [185 ] Jesus Christ in Asian Suffering and Community in Conflict, Sept. , Seattle : " All the Joys, Some of the World Division : Upheaval and Re­ Newj Ho Hope, Nov., [478] [384] Problems," Feb ., [75] newal, Apr. , [189] by [431 New / SUBJECTS Voi1 A Africa Remembered, May, Japan '76, Apr., [168] edit [245] Japan : Church Extension by a Crusade Scholarship Commit­ Oct Africa On B Zaire : A f rican Evangelism , Tokyo Church, June, [295] tee : Former Scholars Lead Africa Remembered, May, [245] Ku n Algeria June, [302 ] Jesus Christ in Asian Suffering Churches, Apr., [170] Algeria And Hope, Nov., [478] Ecumenical And lnterreligious OnJ o New Wa ys of Proclamation in gio1 Algeria , July-Aug., [325] New Ways of Proclamation in Korea Concerns Division: Develop­ Ham Sok Hon: Witness to the ing an Ecumenical Mind, Apr. , A Pas. Biafra Algeria, Jul y-Aug., [325 ] Crucifixion, Feb ., [80] [175] Wi/, Whatever Happened To . . . ?, Argentina Malaysia Education And Cultivation Divi­ Mar Jan ., [25 ] Argentina : New Missions i n Poor Communi ties, June , Jn Malaysian City, Christians sion: Undergirding the Mis­ Dec Eritrea [289 ] Act Together, Jan ., [23 ] sion of the Church, Apr., [172] Pictur The Politics of Starvation in Asia Health And Welfare Ministries bea Eritrea, May, [221 J China B Division : Taking a Global cha1 Guinea-Bissau China and Christianity: Some Biafra View, Apr., [178] Praise The Flowers of the Future : Reflections, Feb ., [68 ] Whatever Happened To . ?, ational Division : Empower­ Ta ii Education In Guinea-Bissau, China : Time of Tran sition, Jan ., [25] ment Remains the Priority, Steep, Mar., [138] Feb ., [62 ] Board of Global Ministries Apr., [181] byI Kenya The Church in Post War Asia, Annual Report of the Board of Treasurer's Report: A Record Stranc A Kenyan " Promised Land", Nov., [483 ] Global Ministries, Apr., [159] Year of Giving, Apr., [197] "Th Mar., [129] Hong Kong Evangelism : Mandate, ot an Women 's Division: A Year of all a igeria Labor Evangelism i n Hong Option, Apr., [162] Transition, Apr., [185 ] gorr In Nigeria, Religious Maturity Kong, Jan ., [37] Hunger: Board Comm i ttee World Division: Upheaval and Sun,v Crows, Jan ., [18] India Funds 221 Programs, Apr., Renewal, Apr., [189] fica1 South Africa Hope fo r th e City of Dreadful [1 64 ] United Methodist Committee Son South Africa: Working Across Night, Mar., [117] Ethnic M inority Loca l Church: A On Relief Division: People Th e l Racial Lines, June, [300] The Methodis t Hospital, Vrin­ eed to Stem the Decline, Are the Answers, Apr., [193] Life Zaire daban, India, Sept. [408] Apr., [166] Bolivia Teri Whatever Happened To . . . ?, A New Look For an Old M is­ Committee On Personnel In Treating Patients With Compa - Tu rnir Jan ., [26] sion, May, [225] Miss ion : More Witnesses in sion, Sept. , [406] Peri by I 44 New World Outlook • January 1978 Boo ks What New Creation?, The Agony La ke City, Feb ., (71] A Beginning On Human Rights, Alone O f All Her Sex, The Myth of Church Restructure by Paul Transit ional Co mmunities, May, [215] and Cult of the Virgin Mary by A. Mickey and Ro bert L. Wil­ Sept ., (3991 Difficult Choices, June , (267] Mari na Warner, Jan ., [43] son , May, (251 ] Hel lo Mother-Hello Father, At The Hea rt O f The Whirlwind Feb ., (61] by John P. Adams, Ma r. , [1 48] c D Hel p tor the Handicapped , July­ A Canterbury Tale, Experiences Ca ri bbean Deaths Aug., (319] and Re flections 1916-1976 by The Caribbean Conference of Bahamonde, Bis hop Wences lao , Helping The Family, Oct., (425] John Cogley, Feb ., [98] Churches, Oct. [444] Sept ., (371] The Iss ue Is Religious Freedom, A Certain Man by Zane Kotker, Christia ns Encounte r Socialism : Biko , Steve n, Nov., [477] May, (21 51 Mar., [1 501 A Cuban Perspective, Oct., Clark, Mrs. Thomas (Becky), The Local Church And God's Corrymeela : Hill of Harmony in [446] May,) (213] Mission, June , (267] N orthern Ireland by Al f Chris tmas Is a Feast in the West daSi lva , Bishop Alipo, Sept ., Lower the Deci bels , Sept., [373] McCleary , May, [252] Indies, Dec., [534] (371] Making Peace Is Endless, Nov., Dark Sa lvation by Harry V. Rich­ Impressions of the Dominican Hamer, Fannie Lou , May, (213] (477] ardson , Sept ., [41 0] Republic, Oct. , [4521 Hergesheimer, George L. , May, Manife sting Christ Today, Feb ., Go-Groups : Geari ng Up Fo r The Malfunctioning Paradis e, [213] (61 ] Reach i ng Out by Eleano r Oct., [4261 Joshi , Bishop R.D., Feb ., [59] " Mixing Rel igion and Po litics," McMullen and Jean Sonnen­ Methodis m in the Caribbean, Justinian , His Holiness , May, June , (2671 (213] feld , Sept. , [410] Oct., [440] October 31 , 1517, Oct. , [425] Guide To Global Giving, A Criti­ The North American Exile of Leimena , Dr., Johannes, May, Panama-The Politics of Nostal­ (213] cal Introduction to Voluntary Ca ribbean Perso ns, Oct., gia, Oct ., (425 ] Lilje, Bis hop Hanns, Feb ., (59 ] International Aid Agencies in [435] Publ ic Pol icy and Private Morali ­ (474] the United States by the Li fe Persons in Mission-Four Places, Mathews , Rev., Joe, ov ., ty, July-Aug., (319] McCl ure , Re v. , W ., Donald , Center/Movement tor a New Oct., [4541 Publ ic Policy and Publ ic Pres - May, (213 ] Society, Mar., [150] Puerto Rico Methodists, Oct., sure , Dec., [529] Pike,Minnie F. , Dec., [528] Ha i t i D i ary by H . O r mond (450] RSV Bible, Dec ., (529] Shi pp, Re v., Thomas , Sept. , McConnell, Dec., [56 71 The U. S. and the Ca ribbean : A Speaking of Insan ity, Mar., (111] [371 ] Handbook For Mission Groups Time of Change, Oct. , [430] The Spirit and the Churches , Stafford , Miss Virg inia, Sept. , by Go rdon Cosby, June , [303] A Visit to the Church in Cuba, Sept., (3731 [371] Historica l Atlas of Religion in Oct. , [446] System Antics, Nov., (477] America, revi sed edition by Ch ild ren and Youth Stiffler, Mrs. E. Leroy, Sept. , Unity and Hope, Ja n., [7]; Mar., (371] Edwin Scott Gausted , Feb ., Hillcrest: A Friend In Deed, (11 1] [97] July-Aug., (334] Voight, Bishop Edwin E., Oct. , Energy (423] I Saw It Happen by Lorena Kel ly, Sheltering Abused Children, Energy and the Church, Dec. , Nov ., [5161 Nov., (508] Wayla nd , Rev ., Ed ward T., Feb ., (560] Letters From South Korea by China (59] England T. K., edited by Sekai and China and Christian ity: Some Webb, Mrs. Muriel, Sept. , (371] England: Industrial Mission, translated by Davi d L. Swa in, Reflections, Feb ., [68] Winn, Rev., Ed ward T., Feb ., [59] June , (291 ] Feb ., [97] China : Time of Transition, Fe b., Directions in National Mission Eritrea Namibia by Colin O'Brien , July­ (62] Changing Population Patterns in The Politics of Starvation in the U. S. , (496] Aug., (355 ] Christmas Nov., Eritrea, May, (221] The New Community by Eliza­ The Explosion o f Ch ristmas , Energy and the Church, Dec ., Ethn ic Minorities beth O'Connor, June , (303] Dec ., (530] (560] All Tra ils Lead to Jimmy Porter, New Lives: Su rvivors of the How Old Was Joseph?, Dec. , The Ethnic Minority Church, Dec. , (551 ] Holocaust Living in America (529 ] Jan ., (39] A sian A me ricans and the by Dorothy Rab inowitz, Jan ., Christmas Is a Feast in the West Food as a Tool for Foreign Policy, Church, Sept. , (380] July-Aug ., (349] [43 ] Indies, Dec., (534] A Centennia l Legacy, Sept ., (374] New M iss ion For A New People, Churches in Mission Grain Reserves, May, (230] The Eth nic Minority Church, School Desegregation, Voices From the Caribbean Beginning at One's Doorstep, Mar. , Jan ., (39] (142 ] edited by David I. Mitchell, Sept. , .[38 71 Ethnic M inority Loca l Church: A Transitional Com mu nities, Oct. , (461 ] A Church for People, Jul y-Aug., Need to Stem the Decline, Sept. , (399] On Being A Christian by Hans (344] Apr., (1661 Urban Investments and " Redlin­ Kung, May, [251 ] God's Colony-The Congrega­ Illinois : A M ulti-ethnic Church ing", Feb. , [87] On Jordan 's Stormy Banks, Reli­ tion in Mission, June, (268] in <;:hicago, June , (294] gion in the South, May, [2521 The Local Church and the De­ The North American Exile of A Passion for Equality: George nomination in Mission, June, E Caribbean Pe rs ons, O ct. , Wiley and the Movement by (275] (435] Mary Lynn and Nick Kotz, Portfolio of Churches in M is­ Eastern Orthodoxy What the Black Church Ought to Dec ., (568] sion, June , [289 ] Ancient Churches-Alive and Be Doing, June, (282] Pictu re The People O f The Carib­ M o re Than Food, July-Aug., Well, Nov., (501] Whate ver Happened To . . . ?, bean by Joyce Ba iley and Mi­ (330] A Visit to the Phanar, Jan ., [9] Jan ., (271, [291 chae l Dash , Oct. , [461 ] Schuyler La ke: A Fa rming Com­ Ecumenicity Evange lism Praise God, Common Prayer at munity Church Renews Itself, Can the Local Church Be in England: Industrial Mission, Taize, May, (2521 Dec., (548] Mission Without Being Ecu­ June, (291 ] Steeple People And The World Simpson-Ham line Chu rch , menical?, June, (278] Japan : Church Extension by a by John Killinger, Sept., [410] Nov., [51 21 North Carolina : An Ecumenical Tokyo Church, June , (295] Strand O f Pearls : The Guide on " They're Just the Same as Us," Center i n Wi nston-Salem, Labor Evangelis m in Hor.g Kong, " The Caribbean Crescent" for Mar ., (1 36] June, (298] Jan ., [36] all age groups by Ru th Mont· Community Deve lopment/O rgani­ Restless for Unity, Jan ., (14] New Ways of Proclama tion in gomery, Oct. , (4611 zation Struggle and Contemplation at Algeria, July-Aug ., (325] Sun Myung Moon/And The Uni· All Trails Lead to Jimmy Porter, Taizt! , Mar., (112] Northern Ireland: Evangelism in fication Church by Frederick Dec., (5511 South Africa : Working Across a Community i n Conflict, Sontag , Nov., [516] Appalachia , Appalachia , Jul y­ Racial Lines, Ju ne, (300] Sept. , (384] The Su rvivor: An Anatomy of Aug ., (3371 Whatever Happened To ... ?, Wha t Is Church Development Life in the Death Camps by Doing It Yourself in Northern Jan ., (26], (30] and Renewal?, Jan., (32] Terrence Des Pres , Jan. , [43] New York, Nov. , (5041 Editorials Whatever Happened To . . . ?, Turning East, The Promise and A Neighborhood Knows What It Another Example, Nov., (477] Jan ., (28] Peril of the New Orhtntalism Wants, Sept., (3941 Bad Law Is Bad Morality, Mar., Za ire : Africa n Evangelism, June , by Harvey Co x, Nov., [516 ] " Sa ving" Neighborhoods in Salt (111 ] (302]

New World Outlook • January 1978 45 G l N The Flowers of the Future: Edu­ Guatemala Latin America Nigeria cation in Guinea-Bissau, Mar., Update On Guatemala, Apr. , Argentina In Nigeria, Religious Maturity (138] [195) Argentina : New Missions in Crows, Jan ., [18] Making Education Popular, Guinea-Bissau Poor Co mmuni ties, June , Northern Ireland Sept. , (403 ] The Flowers of the Future: Edu ­ [289] Northern Ireland: Evangelism in School Desegregation, Mar., cation in Guinea-Bissau, Mar., Bolivi a a Community in Conflict, [142] [138) Trea ting Patients With Com­ Sept., (384] The Ungreening of Elaine passion, Sept., [406] Woodworth, Feb ., (91 ] H Gu atemala p Whatever Happened To . . . ?, Hong Kong Update On Guatemala, Apr., Persons in Mission Jan ., (30] Labor Evangelism in Hong Ko ng, [195] All Trails Lead to Jimmy Porter, Jan ., [3 7) Ur uguay Dec. , (551] T Hunger Giving Life Back to Teenagers The Brazil Team Reunion, 616166 Taize Hunger: Board Com m itt ee in Uruguay, May, (250 ] to 717177, Nov. , (514] Struggle and Contemplation at Funds 221 Programs, Apr., Committee On Personnel in Taize, Mar. , [1121 [164) M Mission: More Witnesses in Thailand Food as a Tool for Foreign Policy, Malays ia '16, Apr. (168) Thailand: Land of the Fading July-Aug. , [349) In Malaysian City, Christians Act A Continuing Legacy, Sept. , Smile, M

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