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Preliminary communication Received: 23 January 2015 Accepted: 9 March 2015 DOI: 10.15176/vol52no104 UDK 82.091

Chicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s City of Night

   Šƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǡ‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆŠ‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡ ‹•–‘”›ǡ —Ž–—”‡ƒ†”––—†‹‡•ǡ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ ‡Ž•‹‹

‘Š‡ Š›ǯ•‘˜‡ŽCity of Nightǡ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹ͳͻ͸͵ǡ’”‡†ƒ–‡†–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡– ƒ†–Š‡• Š‘Žƒ”Ž› ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘‘‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ‹••—‡•–Šƒ– ƒ‡‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ǧ ‡–ǯ•™ƒ‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡’”‡‘ —’‹‡†• Š‘Žƒ”••‹ ‡–Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡”†‹• ‹’Ž‹ƒ”›ϐ‹‡Ž†‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•ǡ•— Šƒ•–Š‡—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›‘ˆ ‹†‡–‹–‹‡•‹–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ‘—‹–›ǡ™‡”‡ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†‹‡ Š›ǯ•‘˜‡ŽǤŠ”‘—‰Š ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡–‡ Š‹“—‡•ǡ•— Šƒ•–Š‡ϐ‹”•–’‡”•‘’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™ƒ†‘„Ǧ •‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–‘‡ǡ–Š‡‡’‹•‘†‹ •–”— –—”‡ƒ†’‹ ƒ”‡•“—‡‰‡”‡ǡ–Š‹•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘—–Ž‹‡• Š‘™—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••ǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡–Š‹ ‹–›ƒ†•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ƒ”‡ ‘•–”— –‡†‹–Š‡‘˜‡Žƒ† ƒ„‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ •’ƒ ‡‘ˆnepantlaǤ

‡›™‘”†•ǣ ‡’ƒ–Žƒǡ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ǡ Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••ǡ ‘Š‡ Š›ǡŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•

INTRODUCTION

‘•–ƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ‡–Š‹  ‘—‹–›‹•ƒ†‡—’‘ˆ—ŽǦ –‹’Ž‡ ‹†‡–‹–› ’‘•‹–‹‘•ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•ǡ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ǡ •‡š—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ƒ†‰‡†‡”•–Šƒ– ‘‡ˆ”‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–”‡‰‹‘•‹•ǡ‹–Š‡ —””‡–’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰ǡ –‘ƒ‡ƒ–”‹–‡”‡ƒ”ǤŠƒ––Š‡—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›‘ˆ‹†‡–‹–‹‡•Šƒ• ‘– ƒŽ™ƒ›• „‡‡ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡†ƒ••— Š„›‡‹–Š‡”–Š‡‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ ‘—‹–›‘” „›–Š‡„”‘ƒ†‡”‡”‹ ƒ•‘ ‹‡–›Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘„‡‡™‡ŽŽ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†ȋ‡ÓƒŽ‘•ƒ ʹͲͳͲǣͳ͸Ȃʹ͹Ǣ ׏‡œǦ—‹Ó‘‡•ʹͲͳͲǣͶͲȂͶͳȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–‘ ‘•‹†‡”Š‘™ –Š‡ ‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ ‘—‹–›™‡–ˆ”‘„‡‹‰—†‡”•–‘‘†„›ƒ›ƒ•ƒ Š‘‘‰‡‘—• ‘—‹–›–‘‘‡†‡ϐ‹‡†ƒ•Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›‘ˆ‹†‡–‹–‹‡• ‹•–‘‡‰ƒ‰‡™‹–Šƒ•—„Œ‡ ––Šƒ–‹•ƒ––Š‡Š‡ƒ”–‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•Ǥͳ‡•‡ƒ” Š

ͳŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡†‡ϐ‹‡†„‡Ž‘™ǤŠ‡–‡”•DzŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒdzƒ†Dz‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒdzƒ”‡‘ˆ–‡ —•‡†‹–‡” Šƒ‰‡ƒ„Ž›ƒ†„‘–Š•‹‰‹ˆ›ƒ’‡”•‘ˆ”‘–Š‡‹–‡†–ƒ–‡•‘ˆ‡š‹ ƒ†‡• ‡–Ǥ ‡”‡ —•‡–Š‡ ˆ‘”‡”–‘•‹‰‹ˆ›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‘”‰”‘—’•–Šƒ–•‡ŽˆǦ‹†‡–‹ˆ›™‹–Š–Š‡–‡”ƒ†–Š‡Žƒ––‡”‹ƒ‘”‡‡—–”ƒŽƒ† ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡ/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

‹–‘ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ Ž‹ˆ‡ ƒ– –Š‡ ϐ‹‰—”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†Ž‹–‡”ƒŽ„‘”†‡”Žƒ†•ǡ„‹Ž‹‰—ƒŽ‹•ǡ‡–Š‹ –Š‡”‡••ǡ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ ‹†‡–‹–›ǡ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ǡ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•ƒˆϐ‹Ž‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‘”‡ǡ ƒ„‡—•‡†–‘†”ƒ™ ‘Ǧ ’ƒ”‹•‘•–‘‘–Š‡”ϐ‹‡Ž†•ƒ††‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‘—‹–‹‡• ƒ†‡–Š‹ ‹–‹‡•Ǥ ‘”†‡”–‘‘—–Ž‹‡–Š‡’”‘ ‡••„›™Š‹ Š—Ž–‹’Ž‡ƒ†‹Ǧ „‡–™‡‡Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹†‡–‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡ ‘˜‡›‡†ƒ† ‘•–”— –‡†ǡ ™‹ŽŽ ‘†— – ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‘˜‡ŽCity of NightȋͳͻͺͶȌ„› ‘Š‡ Š›Ǥ Cityof Night ‰ƒ˜‡˜‘‹ ‡–‘ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†˜‘‹ ‡•‹‡”‹ ƒ•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ†–Š‡ ‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ ‘—‹–›ǡ‘•–‘–ƒ„Ž›Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ•ǡʹƒ–ƒ–‹‡™Š‡ ƒ†‘‹ƒ–ƒ””ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒŠ‘‘‰‡‘—•‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒǦ‡••™ƒ•„‡‰‹Ǧ ‹‰–‘„‡’—–ˆ‘”™ƒ”†„›–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡–Ǥ ‘”†‡”–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆŠ‘™–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–•‘ˆ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ Ǧ ‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡•• ƒ‡–‘„‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‹Š‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•ǡ ™‹ŽŽ„‡‰‹ „›’”‡•‡–‹‰ƒ•Š‘”–•›‘’•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ ‘—‹–›ƒˆ–‡” ‘”Ž†ƒ” ǡ–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ–‡ͳͻ͸Ͳ•ƒ†‡ƒ”Ž›ͳͻ͹Ͳ•ǡ–Š‡ • Š‘Žƒ”Ž›”‡ƒ –‹‘–‘–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡–ȋ”— ‡Ǧ‘˜‘ƒͳͻͺ͸ǢœƒŽ†ïƒ ͳͻͺ͹Ǣ Ž†ƒƒ ʹͲͲͷǢ ‘”‹‡‰ƒ ʹͲͳͲǢ ±”‡œǦ‘””‡• ʹͲͳͲȌ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘‰‘‹‰ • Š‘Žƒ”Ž›†‡„ƒ–‡ǡ™Š‹ Š•Š‘™•‹†‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆƒ•Š‹ˆ––ƒ‹‰’Žƒ ‡ȋœƒŽ†ïƒ ʹͲͲʹǢ‡×ʹͲͲͶǢ±”‡œʹͲͲ͹Ǣ‡Ž‰ƒ†‹ŽŽ‘ʹͲͳͳǢ‘‡‰‡Ž‡”Ǧ„†‹ʹͲͳ͵Ǣ‡†‹ƒ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ›Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‹‰–Š‡ƒŒ‘”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•‹–Š‡ϐ‹‡Ž†‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†Ǧ ‹‡•ǡ–Š‡•—„•‡“—‡––”‡ƒ–‡–‘ˆCity of Night™‹ŽŽƒ‡ Ž‡ƒ”Š‘™–Š‡‘˜‡Ž ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡•‹Š‘™Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡’‘”–”ƒ›‡†„› • Š‘Žƒ”•ƒ–ƒ‡ƒ”Ž›•–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›ƒ†• Š‘Žƒ”Ž›–”‡ƒ–‡–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‹•Ǧ •—‡•ǤŠ‹••Š‘—Ž†„‡‘ˆ‹–‡”‡•–ˆ‘”• Š‘Žƒ”•™Š‘™‹•Š–‘—•‡–‡š–—ƒŽ•‘—” ‡• –‘ƒƒŽ›œ‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ˆ‘” —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ•„›™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ ‡’–‡†ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ ‹†‡–‹–› ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‹‘—”•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•ƒ”‡„”‘ƒ†‡‡†Ǥ City of Night‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡• Š‘™ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡•‹‰Š–ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•‹–Š‡™ƒ›• Š‘ŽǦ ƒ”•ƒ†•‘ ‹‡–› ‘‡–‘–Š‹‘ˆ—Ž–‹’Ž‡‹†‡–‹–‹‡•ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••Ǥ

–‡ Š‹ ƒŽ•‡•‡Ǥ‘‡’‡‘’Ž‡ǡ•— Šƒ•–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘” ‘Š‡ Š›ȋ ƒ” ÀƒʹͲͲ͵ǣͶͶȌ†‘‘–™‹•Š–‘ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ™‹–Š–Š‡–‡”Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ‹–•‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡’ƒ•–ȋ•‡‡„‡Ž‘™ȌǤ ʹŠ‡”‡Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ—„‡”‘ˆƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‹‰City of NightƲ•ͷͲ–Šƒ‹˜‡”•ƒ”›‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘–Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ ‘‡–‡†‘–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ ––Š‡‘˜‡ŽŠƒ•Šƒ†‘”‡ƒ†‡”•ǯ’‡” ‡’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ƒ•Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ• ‹–Š‡ ‘–‡š–‘ˆƒ†‘‹ƒ–Ž›Š‡–‡”‘•‡š—ƒŽ•‘ ‹‡–›ȋ•‡‡ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡƒ•‹ŽŽ‘ʹͲͳ͵Ǣƒ””‹‘•ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ‘” ‘”‡‘–Š‹••—„Œ‡ –ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•City of Nightǯ•‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡‘Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒƒ†‘–Š‡””‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’•ǡ•‡‡‡–Š ‡”ƒ†‡œǦ ƒ•‘ǯ• †‹••‡”–ƒ–‹‘ The Act of Reading John Rechy: Transnational Intertexts and Readers ȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ

72 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

CHICANO/AS

ƒ˜‹‰ ˆ‘—‰Š– ƒ† †‹‡† –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š ‡˜‡”› ‘–Š‡” ǤǤ •‘ ‹ƒŽ •–”ƒ–— ‹ ‘”Ž†ƒ” ǡ‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ•”‡–—”‡†Š‘‡–‘–Š‡‹” ‘—‹–‹‡•–‘ †‹• ‘˜‡”–Šƒ–ǡ†‡•’‹–‡–Š‡‹”•Šƒ”‡†•ƒ ”‹ϐ‹ ‡ƒ† ‘—ƒŽ‡š‡” ‹•‡‹†‡‘Ǧ ”ƒ–‹ ƒƒŽ‰ƒƒ–‹‘ǡ‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ† ‹˜‹Ž”‹‰Š–•‹™ƒ”–‹‡ ‹” —•–ƒ ‡•†‹† ‘–ƒŽ™ƒ›•‡š–‡†–‘’‡ƒ ‡–‹‡•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•Ǥ͵‡•’‹–‡—’”‡ ‡†‡–‡†‡ ‘‘‹  ‰”‘™–Š „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ ‘”Ž† ƒ”  ƒ† –Š‡ Žƒ–‡ ͳͻ͸Ͳ• ‹ –Š‡ ǡ ‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ•‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›†‹†‘–„‡‡ϐ‹–ˆ”‘–Š‡‡ ‘‘‹ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‡š–‡– ƒ• ‰Ž‘Ǧ‡”‹ ƒ• ȋƒ”‰ƒ• ʹͲͲͷǣ ʹͷ͵ȂʹͷͶȌǤ ƒ˜‹‰ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†ƒˆ‘”‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ‡“—ƒŽ‹–›†—”‹‰–Š‡™ƒ”ƒ••‘Ž†‹‡”•ƒ†ǡˆ‘”„‘–Š ‰‡†‡”•ǡ‹–Š‡™ƒ”–‹‡‡ ‘‘›ƒ–Š‘‡ǡ‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ•™‡”‡—™‹ŽŽǦ ‹‰–‘‰‹˜‡—’–Š‡•‡Šƒ”†Ǧ‡ƒ”‡† ‹˜‹Žǡ•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ†‡ ‘‘‹ ”‹‰Š–•ǡ”‡•—Ž–‹‰ ‹ƒ‡™—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‹Œ—•–‹ ‡•–ƒ‹‰’Žƒ ‡‹–Š‡ǤŠ‹•ǡ‹ –—”ǡ‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡†ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‡‡†Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ –‹˜‹•ƒ†‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ ˆ‘”‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ‘˜‡‡–•ƒ‰ƒ‹•–”ƒ ‹•ƒ†‡ ‘‘‹ ƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‡Œ—†‹ ‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š —Ž‹ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ–‡ͳͻ͸Ͳ•ȋ‹„‹†ǤȌǤŽ•‘ ‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡†„›‘–Š‡”•‘ ‹ƒŽ‹Œ—•–‹ ‡•‘˜‡”–Š‡•ƒ‡’‡”‹‘†ǡ•— Šƒ•–Š‡–”‡ƒ–Ǧ ‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ”‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒƒ†Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ ‘—‹–‹‡•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡ ™ƒ”‹‹‡–ƒǡ–Š‹•’‡”‹‘†Ž‡†–‘ƒ„—”‰‡‘‹‰‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ‘˜‡‡–•‹–‡– ‘ Šƒ‰‹‰ •‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ ‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‹˜‹Ž ‹‰Š–• ‘˜‡‡–ǡ –Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘ ‘˜‡‡–™ƒ•ƒ†‡—’‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘ˆ‘—‰Š–ˆ‘”–Š‡”‹‰Š–•ƒ†”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ•Ǥƒ–Š‡”–Šƒƒ ‡’–‹‰–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ•–Š‡”‹–Š‡ ǡ‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ•–‘‘–Š‡™‘”†DzŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒdzǡ™Š‹ Š‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ›Šƒ†ƒ †‡”‘‰ƒ–‘”›‡ƒ‹‰–Šƒ–†‡‘–‡†•‘‡‘‡‘ˆŽ‘™‡”•‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Žƒ†Ȁ‘”ƒ ‹‹‰”ƒ–‘ˆ”‡ ‡–ƒ””‹˜ƒŽȋ‡ÓƒŽ‘•ƒʹͲͳͲǣͳͺȌǡƒ†•—„˜‡”–‡†‹–„›—•‹‰‹– ™‹–Š’”‹†‡Ǥ–Š‹ ‹–›ǡ”ƒ ‡ǡƒ† —Ž–—”‡–‘‘‘‡™‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ƒ•ˆ‘”•‘ˆ ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ‘”ƒ›‹–Š‡‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ ‘—‹–›ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡† ‹–Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ƒ†ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡–‹‡ǤͶ

͵ ‘”‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ•ǡ‘”Ž†ƒ” ™‘—Ž†Dz‹†‡‡†’”‘˜‡–‘„‡–Š‡™ƒ”–Šƒ–Ž‡†–‘•—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽ Š‡ƒ†™ƒ›‹–Š‡ϐ‹‰Š––‘™ƒ”††‡•‡‰”‡‰ƒ–‹‰’—„Ž‹ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ǡƒ†Ž‡••‡‹‰ǡ‹ˆ‘–‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‹‰ǡ–Š‡‹Ǧ –”ƒ•‹‰‡–†‹• ”‹‹ƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–Šƒ†‡š‹•–‡†•‹ ‡–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‡šƒ•Ǧ‡š‹ ‘™ƒ”dzȋ‘†”‹‰—‡œǦ‹˜ƒ•ʹͲͲͷǣ š˜‹ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–‘˜ƒ”‹‘—•†‡‰”‡‡•ǡ†‡’‡†‹‰‘‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽƒ”‡ƒƒ†‘–Š‡” ‹” —•–ƒ ‡•ǡ‡ ‘‘‹  ƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•™‡”‡•–‹ŽŽ‘–‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‘•‡‘ˆ‰Ž‘Ǧ‡”‹ ƒ•Ǥ‘•–‘–ƒ„Ž›‹‡šƒ•ǡ•‘ ‹ƒŽŽ› •‡‰”‡‰ƒ–‡†• Š‘‘Ž•™‡”‡’”‡˜ƒŽ‡–ƒ†•‹‰•™‡”‡”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž›’‘•–‡†‹”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–™‹†‘™•–Šƒ–‹ˆ‘”‡† ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ —•–‘‡”•–Šƒ––Š‡’”‘’”‹‡–‘”™‘—Ž†‘–•‡”˜‡‡š‹ ƒ•‘”†‘‰•ȋ‹„‹†ǤȌǤ Ͷ‡Ž‘™ ‡–‹‘–‡š–•–Šƒ–”‡ϐŽ‡ ––Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡† –Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘ ‘˜‡‡–Ǥ Ž•‘ǡ ˜‹•—ƒŽƒ”–„›Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ•ƒ––Š‡–‹‡‘ˆ–‡’‘”–”ƒ›‡†œ–‡ ™ƒ””‹‘”•ƒ†•‹‹Žƒ”•›„‘Ž•‹ƒ™ƒ›–Šƒ– ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ƒ–‡†–Š‡‘˜‡‡––Š”‘—‰ŠDzƒ”–‹•–‹ ƒ†Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‘”›–”—–Šȏˆ‘—†Ȑ‹Š‹‰ŠŽ›‹†‡ƒŽ‹œ‡†˜‹•‹‘•‘ˆ ƒƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹†‹‰‡‘—•’ƒ•–dzȋ ƒ‡•Ǧ ƒ” ÀƒʹͲͲͲǣͶ͸͸ȌǤƒ‹‡Ž‘‘’‡”Žƒ” ‘Šƒ• ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‹•–Š‡Dzœ–‡  ƒŽ‹’•‡•–dzȋͳͻͻ͹ȌǤœƒŽ†ïƒƒƒŽ›œ‡•–Š‡ ‘‡ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡’”‡Ǧ‘Ž—„‹ƒ‡š‹ ƒƒ”–ǡ —•–‘•ƒ† ˆ‘‘†ƒ† ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ —Ž–—”ƒŽ’”‘†— –‹‘‹Dz‘”†‡””–‡ǣ‡’ƒ–Žƒǡ‡Ž—‰ƒ”†‡Žƒ ”‘–‡”ƒdz ȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ

73 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

 ͳͻ͹Ͳǡ ƒ ‡™ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ’ƒ”–› ™ƒ• ˆ‘”‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ƒœƒ ‹†ƒ ƒ”–› ȋDz‹–‡† ƒ ‡ ƒ”–›dzȌǤ Ž–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ ’ƒ”–› †‹† ‘– Ž‹˜‡ —’ –‘ ‹–•’”‘‹•‡•‘ˆ—‹–‡†Š‹ ƒ‘ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•–Šƒ–™‘—Ž†„”‹‰ƒ„‘—–„‡––‡” •‘ ‹ƒŽ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•ˆ‘”ƒŽŽŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ•ǡ‹–†‹††”ƒ™’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒ––‡–‹‘ˆ”‘ „‘–Š–Š‡‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ƒ†‡’—„Ž‹ ƒ’ƒ”–‹‡•ǡ™Š‘„‡ ƒ‡‘”‡”‡•’‘•‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‡š‹ ƒ ‡”‹ ƒ ‘—‹–› ƒ• ƒ ”‡•—Ž–Ǥ Š‹• Ž‡† –‘ ƒ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ‹•’ƒ‹ • ‡Ž‡ –‡† –‘ ‘ˆϐ‹ ‡ ȋƒ˜ƒ””‘ ʹͲͲͲǣ ʹ͹ͳȌǤ  –Š‡ ‡ƒ–‹‡ǡ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‘˜‡‡–••— Šƒ•ƒƒœƒŠ‡Ž’‡† ‰ƒŽ˜ƒ‹œ‡‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ•ǯ’”‹†‡‹–Š‡‹”‘™Š‹•–‘”›ƒ† —Ž–—”‡ǤŽ„‡‹– †‘‡ ‹ ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ‹•– –‡”• –Šƒ– ‹š‡† „‹‘Ž‘‰› ™‹–Š ’‘Ž‹–‹ •ǡ •— Š ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘˜‡‡–• ™‡”‡ ‹–‡†‡† –‘ „‡‡ϐ‹– –Š‡ ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡† ‡š‹ ƒ ‡”‹ ƒ ‘—‹–›ǡƒ† ƒ„‡—†‡”•–‘‘†ƒ•‡ƒ ‹’ƒ–‘”›ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡•‘ˆ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ ƒ†•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•‘ˆ†‡ ‘Ž‘‹œƒ–‹‘ȋ ‡”ž†‡œʹͲͲͻǣͳͳȌǤŠ‹•‡ƒ ‹’ƒ–‘”› ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ‹†‡–‹–› ™ƒ• ’‘”–”ƒ›‡† ‹ –Š‡ –‡š– With His Pistol in His Hand ȋͳͻͷͺȌ „› ±”‹ ‘ ƒ”‡†‡• ƒ† –Š‡ ‹ϐŽ—‡–‹ƒŽ ‡’‹  ’‘‡ I am Joaquínȋͳͻ͸͹Ȍ„›‘†‘Žˆ‘Dz‘”›dz ‘œƒŽ‡•. Š‡•‡ –‡š–• ’”‡•‡– •–”‘‰ǡ Š‡–‡”‘•‡š—ƒŽƒŽ‡’”‘–ƒ‰‘‹•–•–Šƒ–ϐ‹‰Š–ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡‹Œ—•–‹ ‡•‹ϐŽ‹ –‡†‘ –Š‡‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒ‡–Š‹  ‘—‹–›„›–Š‡‰Ž‘Ǧ‡”‹ ƒ•–ƒ–—•“—‘Ǥ –Š‡”–‡š–•ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ”‹–‹ ‹œ‡†–Š‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ‹œ‡††‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡š‹ ƒ ‡”‹ ƒ ”ƒ ‡ –Šƒ– ‰Ž‘••‡† ‘˜‡” –Š‡ —Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–› ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•Ǥ —–Š‘”••— Šƒ•• ƒ”‡–ƒ ‘•–ƒȋAutobiography of a Brown Buffaloȏͳͻ͹ʹȐ ƒ†The Revolt of the Cockroach Peopleȏͳͻͺͻǡ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ›ͳͻ͹͵ȐȌǡŠ‡‹Žƒ”–‹œ ƒ›Ž‘” ȋFaultline ȏͳͻͺʹȐȌ ƒ† ‘Š ‡ Š› ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† –Š‡ ƒ”‰‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘ ‘—‹–›ǡ ‘” –Š‘•‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ƒ† ‰”‘—’• –Šƒ– †‹† ‘– ϐ‹– ‹–‘ –Š‡Š‘‘‰‡‘—•†‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒǦ‡••’—–ˆ‘”™ƒ”† „›–Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡–Ǥ —„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ ͳͻ͸͵ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ –Š‡‡ ‘ˆ Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† –Š‡ —†‡”‰”‘—†‡”‹ ƒŠ—•–Ž‹‰• ‡‡ȋ‹Ǥ‡ǤƒŽ‡’”‘•–‹–—–‹‘Ȍǡ ‘Š‡ Š›ǯ• City of Night•Š‘—Ž†„‡—†‡”•–‘‘†ƒ•ƒ’”‡ —”•‘”–‘–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡•–Šƒ–™‡”‡ –‘–ƒ‡’Žƒ ‡‹–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ‘—‹–›‹–Š‡Žƒ–‡Ǧͳͻ͸Ͳ•ƒ†‡ƒ”Ž›ͳͻ͹Ͳ• ‹ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•–Šƒ–™‡”‡–‘”‡•—Ž–ˆ”‘• Š‘Žƒ”Ž›”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹–‘ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹••—‡•ǤCity of Night™ƒ•ƒ„‡•–Ǧ•‡ŽŽ‹‰‘˜‡Ž‹–Š‡ǡ™‹†‡Ž› †‡„ƒ–‡† „› ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ•ǡ •— Š ƒ• ƒ‡• ƒŽ†™‹ǡ Š”‹•–‘’Š‡” •Š‡”™‘‘† ƒ† ‘”ƒ ƒ‹Ž‡”ǡ ™Š‘ ™‡”‡ ‘–ƒ„Ž‡ •—’’‘”–‡”•ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ ‘†‡‡†–Š‡‘˜‡Žǯ••—„Œ‡ –ƒ––‡”ȋ ƒ” ÀƒʹͲͲ͵ǣ͵ͻǢ ‡”ƒ†‡œǦ ƒ•‘ ʹͲͳͶǣͳͳͲȂͳʹͺȌǤ”‹––‡ƒ•ƒϐ‹”•–’‡”•‘ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡‘˜‡Ž”‡’”‡•‡–•–Š‡ ‡”‹ ƒ†‡‹‘†‡ˆ”‘ƒ—ƒ‡†Š—•–Ž‡”ǯ•’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™ƒ•Š‡–”ƒ˜‡Ž• ˆ”‘ ‹–›–‘ ‹–›–‘†‹• ‘˜‡”‡”‹ ƒǯ•‘˜‡”Ž‘‘‡†ƒ†•‹Ž‡ ‡†ƒ”‰‹•Ǥ› ™”‹–‹‰ƒ„‘—––Š‡—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••‘ˆ–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǡ ‡ Š›ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡›’”‡‘ —’ƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š‹–Š‡• Š‘Žƒ”Ž›†‡Ǧ „ƒ–‡–Šƒ–™‘—Ž†ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹–Š‡™ƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡–‹–Š‡†‡ ƒ†‡• –‘ ‘‡Ǥ

74 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

CRITICAL REACTION TO THE AND CITY OF NIGHT

‘—†‡†‹ͳͻ͹Ͳǡ–Š‡Œ‘—”ƒŽ Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies„‡ ƒ‡ ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ˜‡—‡„›™Š‹ Š–‘†‹••‡‹ƒ–‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†‹†‡ƒ•ƒ„‘—– Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹••—‡•ǤŠ‡’”‡˜‹‘—•›‡ƒ”ǡ–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–‡” ƒ–  Šƒ† „‡‡ ˆ‘—†‡†ǡ •›„‘Ž‹œ‹‰ ƒ ‡™ ƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• ‹ –Š‡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹‘—•‡–Š‹ ‰”‘—’•Ǥ ‘”†‹‰–‘Aztlžnǯ• —”Ǧ ”‡–‡†‹–‘”ǡŠ‘‘”‹‡‰ƒǡ–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Dz• Š‘Žƒ”Ž›”‡•‡ƒ” Š ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘‘”‹ˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡dzȋʹͲͳͲǣ͵ȌǤ‹–Š‹–Š‹• •–”ƒ‹‰Š–ˆ‘”™ƒ”†Ǧ•‡‡‹‰•—„Œ‡ –ƒ––‡”‹•–Š‡ƒ†ƒ–‡–‘de ‘•–”— ––Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• –‘ •ƒ› ”ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ –ƒ‹‰ –Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ˆ‘”‰”ƒ–‡†ƒ•ƒ•Šƒ”‡†’Š‡‘‡‘ǡ–‘†‹• ‡”‹–‡”ƒŽ†‹ˆˆ‡”Ǧ ‡ ‡•ǡ•— Šƒ• Žƒ••ǡ‰‡†‡”ǡ•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ǡŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘ƒ†”‡‰‹‘ȋ‹„‹†ǤȌǤ ‘˜‡‡–••— Šƒ•ƒƒœƒ‹†ƒƒ”–›ƒ†–Š‡ƒ‹ˆ‡•–‘ŽŽƒ•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ †‡œ–Žžͷ’—–ˆ‘”™ƒ”†ƒŠ‘‘‰‡‘—•ǡƒŽ‡Ǧ ‡–”‹ ǡŠ‡–‡”‘•‡š—ƒŽ˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡ™Š‹ Š™ƒ•‹’‘”–ƒ–‹–‡”•‘ˆ ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‹‰ƒ ‘•–”— –‡†Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹†‡–‹–›Ǥ ‡•‡ —”‡†ǡ–Š‹• ‘—Ž†„‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›ƒ •–ƒ‰‡‹™Š‹ ŠŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹†‡–‹–›™ƒ•†‡ ‘•–”— –‡†ƒ††‹˜‡”•‹ϐ‹‡†ǡƒ† –Š‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–”‡’”‡•‡–•–Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ–‡•‹‘™‹–Š‹–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘–—†Ǧ ‹‡• ‘–‹——Ǥ Š‘Žƒ”•™‘”‡†–‘†‹•ƒ–Ž‡ƒ••—’–‹‘•™”‹––‡‹–‘–Š‡ ˆ‘—†‹‰–‡š–•‘ˆ–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡–ǡ•— Šƒ•ŽŽƒ•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ†‡œ–Žž ȋͳͻ͸ͻȌǡƒ†„”‹‰–‘–Š‡ˆ‘”‡ˆ”‘–‹†‡–‹–‹‡•ǡƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ†”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒ”‰‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘—‹–›Ǥ”‹–‹‰ƒ„‘—–ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ• Š‘Žƒ”Ž› ’ƒ’‡”• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Œ‘—”ƒŽ Aztlánǡ –Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘ • Š‘Žƒ” ƒˆƒ‡Ž ±”‡œǦ‘””‡• †‡ϐ‹‡†Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ• Š‘Žƒ”Ž›™‘”‹ƒ™ƒ›–Šƒ– ‘—‹ ƒ–‡•‹–•”‡Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ “—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ ”‘•• ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ƒ†„‘”†‡”•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡•‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›„‡‹‰“—‡•Ǧ –‹‘‡†ǣ

Š‡‡••ƒ›•—†‘–Š‡‘–‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ–‡‰‘”›‘ˆ•‹‰—Žƒ”‡–Š‹ ‘–Š‡”‡••–Šƒ– –Š‡ –‡” DzŠ‹ ƒ‘dz •‘‡–‹‡• ”‡’”‡•‡–•Ǥ Š‡› ƒ••—‡ ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‹–‡””‘‰ƒ–‹‰–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†’‘™‡”ǡ„‡–™‡‡•‡Žˆƒ† ‘–Š‡”ǡ „‡–™‡‡ ƒ”‰‹ ƒ† ‡–‡”Ǥ Š‡› ‘–‡•– –Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ ƒŽŽ‘™‡† ‡”–ƒ‹ˆ‘”•‘ˆ‘™Ž‡†‰‡–‘ƒ’’‡ƒ”ƒ–—”ƒŽ™Š‹Ž‡‘–Š‡”••‡‡”‡Ǧ

ͷ”‹––‡‹ͳͻ͸ͻ„›ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒƒ –‹˜‹•–•ǡŽŽƒ•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ†‡œ–Žž‹•–Š‡†‡ϐ‹‹–‹˜‡ –‡š–‘–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡–‹•‘•–‘ˆ–‡”‡‡„‡”‡†–‘†ƒ›ǤŠ‡ ‘’‡‹‰Ž‹‡‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡–‘‡ƒ†•—„Œ‡ –ƒ––‡”‘ˆ–Š‡–‡š–ƒ•ƒ™Š‘Ž‡ǣDz –Š‡•’‹”‹–‘ˆƒ‡™’‡‘’Ž‡ –Šƒ–‹• ‘• ‹‘—•‘–‘Ž›‘ˆ‹–•’”‘—†Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡„—–ƒŽ•‘‘ˆ–Š‡„”—–ƒŽDz‰”‹‰‘dz‹˜ƒ•‹‘‘ˆ‘—” –‡””‹–‘”‹‡•ǡ™‡ǡ–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘ǡ‡š‹ ƒǡƒ–‹‘ǡ †‹‰‡‘—•‹Šƒ„‹–ƒ–•ƒ† ‹˜‹Ž‹œ‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‘”–Š‡”Žƒ† ‘ˆœ–Žƒȏ•‹ Ȑˆ”‘™Š‡ ‡ ƒ‡‘—”ˆ‘”‡ˆƒ–Š‡”•ǡ”‡ Žƒ‹‹‰–Š‡Žƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡‹”„‹”–Šƒ† ‘•‡ ”ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘—”’‡‘’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡•—ǡ†‡ Žƒ”‡–Šƒ––Š‡ ƒŽŽ‘ˆ‘—”•ƒ‰”‡ȏ„Ž‘‘†Ȑ‹•‘—”’‘™‡”ǡ‘—” ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡƒ†‘—”‹‡˜‹–ƒ„Ž‡†‡•–‹›dzȋŽŽƒͳͻ͸ͻȌǤœ–Žž‹•–Š‡›–Š‹ ƒŽŠ‘‡Žƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡œ–‡ •ǡ „‡Ž‹‡˜‡†–‘„‡‹–Š‡‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ”‡‰‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–Ǧ†ƒ›‘—–Š™‡•–‡”‹–‡†–ƒ–‡•Ǥ

75 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

Ž‡‰ƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‡š‘–‹ Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡›•‡‡–‘”‡†”ƒ™–Š‡„‘—†ƒ”‹‡• –Šƒ–•‡–—’†‹˜‹•‹‘•„‡–™‡‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡƒ –‹‘ǡƒ†„‡‹‰ǤȋʹͲͳͲǣͶͳͳȌ

Š‡‹–‡”†‹• ‹’Ž‹ƒ”›ϐ‹‡Ž†‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•ƒ‹•–‘†‡ ‘•–”— –‹†‡–‹–› ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘•‹‘”†‡”–‘ƒŽŽ‘™ˆ‘”ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘ƒ† ’‘•‹–‹‘‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‘•‡ ‹†‡–‹–‹‡• –Š”‘—‰Š ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ƒ† ƒ –‹‘Ǥ › ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› –ƒ‹‰ —’ ‹••—‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ˆ”ƒ‡† ƒ• „‹ƒ”‹‡• ȋDz‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ƒ† ’‘™‡” ȏǥȐ •‡Žˆ ƒ† ‘–Š‡”ǡȏǥȐƒ”‰‹ƒ† ‡–‡”dzȏ‹„‹†ǤȐȌƒ›Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ• Š‘Žƒ”•ƒ‹–‘†‡ϐ‹‡ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ •’ƒ ‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡ –Š‡•‡ †‹ Š‘–‘‹‡•ǡ ƒ• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‘‡ Ž‡ƒ”‹–Š‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•„‡Ž‘™ǤCity of Night‹•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ–‡š–—ƒŽ ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡•• „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‹ ‹–ǡ ‡ Š› „›’ƒ••‡• –Š‡ Š”‘‘Ž‘‰› ‘ˆ †‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ ‡–‹–Š‡—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹••—‡•‘—–Ž‹‡†Š‡”‡Ȃ–Š‡ˆ‘—†‹‰ ‘ˆƒŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹†‡–‹–›ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›–Š‡†‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘ƒ††‹˜‡”•‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽˆ‘—†‹‰‹†‡ƒǤ‡ Š›˜‹‘Žƒ–‡†–Š‡•‡”—Ž‡•„›‘’–‹‰ǡƒ•‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ• ͳͻ͸͵ǡˆ‘”ƒ‘Ǧ ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‡†‹†‡–‹–›ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ”•–Š‡‘˜‡Žƒ•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆŠ‘™ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡•‹‰Š–ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ•’ƒ ‡•„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡› Šƒ˜‡„‡‡–Š‡‘”‹œ‡†ƒ••— ŠǤ Š‡’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‹ͳͻ͹ͻ‘ˆƒ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹••—‡‘ˆ–Š‡Œ‘—”ƒŽMinority Voices ƒ”‡†ƒ‘–Š‡”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹Š‹ ƒ‘Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›•–—†‹‡•ƒ†ǡ‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”ǡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹–‘ ‘Š‡ Š›ǯ•‘‡—˜”‡Ǥ•†‡• ”‹„‡†„›Š‹ ƒ‘• Š‘Žƒ” ”‡†‡”Ǧ ‹ —‹•Ž†ƒƒǡ–Š‹•’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Œ‘—”ƒŽ ‘–‡š–—ƒŽ‹œ‡†‡ Š›ǯ•™‘”™‹–Š‹ ƒ”ƒ ‹ƒŽˆ”ƒ‡ȋʹͲͲͷǣͶͻȌǤ”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›ǡCity of NightŠƒ†„‡‡‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡†ƒ•Š‘Ǧ ‘•‡š—ƒŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡƒ•• ƒ†ƒŽ‘—•’—Ž’ϐ‹ –‹‘‘”ƒ•’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‘˜‡”‡•• ƒ˜ƒ–Ǧ‰ƒ”†‡ȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͶ͹ȌǤŠ‡‘˜‡Ž™ƒ•‘™„‡‹‰”‡ƒ†ƒ•ƒ ‘‡–ƒ”›‘ˆ ”ƒ ‹ƒŽ ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹–›ǡ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• ƒ†‡ ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ’”‡ ‹•‡Ž› „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ ‡ Š›ǯ• •‡š—ƒŽ ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‘•–”ƒ ‹œ‡† Š‹ ™‹–Š‹ Š‹• ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡† ‡–Š‹ ‰”‘—’ȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͶͻȌǤ‹‡–Š‡Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽˆ”‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒƒ—–Š‘” ƒ‡• ƒŽ†™‹ǡ‡ Š›™ƒ•’ƒ”–‘ˆ™Šƒ–ƒ—‡ŽǤ‡Ž•‘Žƒ–‡” ƒŽŽ‡†Dz‡”‹ ƒ †‘—„Ž‡‹‘”‹–›Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡dzȋͳͻͺ͵ǣ͹ͲȌǤŠ‹•”‘Ž‡‘ˆ‡Šƒ ‡†ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹–› ‡ƒ„Ž‡•–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”–‘‡š’”‡••”ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘Š‹••‡š—Ǧ ƒŽ‹–›ȋŽ†ƒƒʹͲͲͷǣͶͻȌǤ  –Š‹• ”‡ƒ†‹‰ǡ –Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘” ‹•ǡ ‹ ‘–Š‡” ™‘”†•ǡ „”‹†‰‹‰ ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡† ”ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ†•‡š—ƒŽ‹†‡–‹–› ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•Ǥ‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ‹Š‡”•‡‹ƒŽ™‘”Border- lands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza ȋͳͻͺ͹Ȍǡ Ž‘”‹ƒœƒŽ†ïƒ†‡˜‡Ž‘’•–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆmestizaje, ˆ”ƒ‡†ƒ•ƒ„”‹†‰‹‰‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹‘—•‹†‡–‹–› ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•–‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ƒ‡™ƒƒŽ‰ƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡Žˆƒ•ƒ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ǤœƒŽ†ïƒ™”‹–‡•ǣ

•ƒMestiza Šƒ˜‡‘ ‘—–”›ǡ›Š‘‡Žƒ† ƒ•–‡‘—–Ǣ›‡–ƒŽŽ ‘—–”‹‡• ƒ”‡‹‡„‡ ƒ—•‡ ƒ‡˜‡”›™‘ƒǯ••‹•–‡”‘”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ‘˜‡”Ǥȋ•ƒŽ‡•„‹ƒ Šƒ˜‡‘”ƒ ‡ǡ›‘™’‡‘’Ž‡†‹• Žƒ‹‡Ǣ„—– ƒƒŽŽ”ƒ ‡•„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡”‡ ‹•–Š‡“—‡‡”‘ˆ‡‹ƒŽŽ”ƒ ‡•ǤȌ ƒ —Ž–—”‡Ž‡••„‡ ƒ—•‡ǡƒ•ƒˆ‡‹‹•–ǡ  ŠƒŽŽǦ ‡‰‡–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡ —Ž–—”ƒŽȀ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•ƒŽ‡Ǧ†‡”‹˜‡†„‡Ž‹‡ˆ•‘ˆ †‘Ǧ ‹•’ƒ‹ •

76 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

ƒ†‰Ž‘•Ǣ›‡– ƒ —Ž–—”‡†„‡ ƒ—•‡ ƒ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‰‹–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ›‡– ƒ‘–Š‡” —Ž–—”‡ǡƒ‡™•–‘”›–‘‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡™‘”Ž†ƒ†‘—”’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‹‹–ǡ ƒ‡™˜ƒŽ—‡•›•–‡™‹–Š‹ƒ‰‡•ƒ†•›„‘Ž•–Šƒ– ‘‡ –—•–‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡” ƒ†–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡–ǤSoy un amasamientoǡ ƒƒƒ –‘ˆ‡ƒ†‹‰ǡ‘ˆ—‹–‹‰ƒ† Œ‘‹‹‰–Šƒ–‘–‘Ž›Šƒ•’”‘†— ‡†„‘–Šƒ ”‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ†ƒ”‡••ƒ†ƒ ”‡ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆŽ‹‰Š–ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘ƒ ”‡ƒ–—”‡–Šƒ–“—‡•–‹‘•–Š‡†‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘•‘ˆŽ‹‰Š–ƒ††ƒ”ƒ† ‰‹˜‡•–Š‡‡™‡ƒ‹‰•Ǥȋͳͻͺ͹ǣͳͲʹȂͳͲ͵Ȍ

•‹•‡˜‹†‡–ˆ”‘–Š‹•“—‘–‡ǡ–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‡•–‹œƒŒ‡ǡ™Š‹ Š™ƒ•‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ› ƒ‡–Š‹  ƒ–‡‰‘”›†‡‘–‹‰ƒ’‡”•‘„‘”‘ˆ’ƒ”‡–•‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–”ƒ ‡•ǡ™ƒ• –ƒ‡—’ƒ•ƒ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ•’ƒ ‡ƒ†‹†‡–‹–›–Šƒ– ‘„‹‡†ƒ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›‘ˆ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ǤœƒŽ†ïƒŠ‡”•‡Žˆ™ƒ•ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†ȋ‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡•–ƒ–—•“—‘Ȍ ‹˜ƒ”‹‘—•”‡•’‡ –•ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†Ȁ‘”Š‘‡Žƒ†ǡ•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ‰‡Ǧ †‡”ǡ —Ž–—”‡ǡ˜ƒŽ—‡•›•–‡ǡƒ†‹–‡”•‘ˆŠ‡””‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’–‘ƒ–—”‡‘”Dz–Š‡ ’Žƒ‡–dzǤŠ‡™ƒ•ƒ –‹˜‡Ž›ƒ––‡’–‹‰–‘„”‡ƒ†‘™–Š‡„‹ƒ”›•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡–Š‘† ‹ ‹†‡–‹–› ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ •›„‘Ž‹œ‡† Š‡”‡„›DzŽ‹‰Š–dzƒ†Dz†ƒ”dzǡ„—––ƒ‹‰‘ƒ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›‘ˆ‡ƒ‹‰•–Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ƒ–ƒŽ‘‰—‹‰‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•–Šƒ–‹–’”‡•—’’‘•‡•Ǥ͸Šƒ–ƒ‡•Borderlands/ La Frontera•— Šƒ’‘™‡”ˆ—Ž™‘”‹•‹–•ϐ‹”•–’‡”•‘ǡ•‡‹Ǧƒ—–‘„‹‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ ˆ‘”ƒ– –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ‘™‡† œƒŽ†ïƒ –‘ ‡š’Ž‘”‡ Š‡” ‘™ —Ž–‹’Ž‡ Dz•‡Ž˜‡•dzǤ Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ•—„Œ‡ –’”‡•‡–‡†‹–Š‹•–‡š–ȋ‡‹–Š‡”œƒŽ†ïƒ™”‹–‹‰ƒ„‘—–Š‡”Ǧ •‡Žˆ‘”ǡ„›‡š–‡•‹‘ǡƒ›‡•–‹œƒȌ‹•ǡƒ•–Š”‘—‰Šƒ•Šƒ––‡”‡†‹””‘”ǡ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‰ —Ž–‹’Ž‡‹†‡–‹–‹‡•ǡˆƒ””‡‘˜‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‘‘‰‡‘—•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆƒ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ƒ†•–ƒ„Ž‡Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹†‡–‹–›’”‡•‡–‡†„›ƒƒœƒ‹†ƒƒ”–› ƒ†‹ŽŽƒ•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ†‡œ–ŽžǤ Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‹†‹ ƒ–‹‘•–Šƒ–Š‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•‹••Š‹ˆ–‹‰–‘™ƒ”†•ƒ—†‡”Ǧ •–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ‹†‡–‹–› ‘•–”— –‹‘ƒ•ƒ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ•’ƒ ‡ǡ–›’‹ϐ‹‡† „›–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆnepantlaǡ™Š‹ Š‡ƒ•Dz–‘”„‡–™‡‡™ƒ›•dz‹ƒŠ—ƒ–Žǡ–Š‡ œ–‡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ȋˆ‘”ƒ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡•Š‹ˆ–ˆ”‘‡•–‹œƒŒ‡–‘‡’ƒ–Žƒ•‡‡ ‘‡‰‡Ž‡”Ǧ„†‹ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤƒ–‡”‹Š‡” ƒ”‡‡”ǡœƒŽ†ïƒ ”‹–‹“—‡†Š‡”’”‡˜‹‘—• ‡•–‹œƒ–Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹‘„›‘˜‹‰„‡›‘†–Š‡”‡‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹†‡–‹–›–‘ ƒ‘”‡ƒ„‹˜ƒŽ‡–ǡ‡’ƒ–Ž‡”ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘‹‰ǤŠ‡‡’ƒ–Žƒ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ•’ƒ ‡ ‹• ‹ˆ‘”‡† „›ǡ„—– ‘– ‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž› ’ƒ”– ‘ˆǡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•Ǥ ˆ‡•–‹œƒŒ‡‹•ƒ„”‹†‰‡„‡–™‡‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ƒ†ƒ•›„‘Ž‘ˆ–”ƒ•‹–‹‘‹‰ǡ ™Š‹ Š‹’Ž‹‡•ƒ–™‘Ǧȋ‘”‘”‡Ȍ™ƒ›”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†ƒ††‹•Ǧ –‹‰—‹•Šƒ„Ž‡ ‘ ‡’–•ǡ‡’ƒ–Žƒ‹•–Š‡Dz—•–ƒ„Ž‡ǡ—’”‡†‹ –ƒ„Ž‡ǡ’”‡ ƒ”‹‘—•ǡ ƒŽ™ƒ›•Ǧ‹Ǧ–”ƒ•‹–‹‘•’ƒ ‡Žƒ ‹‰ Ž‡ƒ”„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•dz„‡–™‡‡„”‹†‰‡•ƒ†

͸Ž•‡™Š‡”‡‹–Š‡„‘‘œƒŽ†ïƒ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡•‘–Š‡‡‹‰Š–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡••Š‡•’‡ƒ•ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ”‡ǣ •–ƒ†ƒ”†‰Ž‹•Šǡ™‘”‹‰ Žƒ••ƒ†•Žƒ‰‰Ž‹•Šǡ•–ƒ†ƒ”†’ƒ‹•Šǡ•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡š‹ ƒ’ƒ‹•Šǡ‘”–Š ‡š‹ ƒ’ƒ‹•Š†‹ƒŽ‡ –ǡŠ‹ ƒ‘’ƒ‹•Šǡ‡šǦ‡šƒ† ȋƒ•–”‡‡–Ǧ•ƒ”–•Žƒ‰ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š ‰ƒ‰•Ȍȋͳͻͺ͹ǣ͹͹ȌǤ ‡”–ƒ‡‘Dz„‘”†‡”Žƒ†•—Ž–‹Ž‹‰—ƒŽ‹•dz‹•ƒ•—‘”–Š‘†‘šƒ•‹–‹• ‘’‡ŽŽ‹‰ƒ† ‘—Ž†„‡‡‰ƒ‰‹‰Ž›ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘‘–Š‡”„‘”†‡”Žƒ†”‡‰‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ž†Ǥ

77 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

ƒDz ‘•–ƒ–•–ƒ–‡‘ˆ†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–dzȋœƒŽ†ïƒʹͲͲʹǣ ͳȌǤŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ• Š‘Žƒ”• Šƒ˜‡—•‡†–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒ–‘Š‡Ž’†‡• ”‹„‡ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ•’ƒ ‡•–Šƒ– ƒ”‡‘–Š‡”™‹•‡†‹ˆϐ‹ —Ž––‘†‡ϐ‹‡†—‡–‘–Š‡‹”ƒ„‹‰—‹–›ƒ† Šƒ‰‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ—‹•Ǥ‡×Šƒ•—•‡†–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒ–‘†‡• ”‹„‡Dz”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—• ’‘‡–‹ •dzǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒDz•–”ƒ–‡‰›‘ˆ’‡”ˆ‘”‡†ƒ†ƒ””ƒ–‡†”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•†‹• ‘—”•‡ǡ tacticsǡƒ†•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•dz–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ‘™Dz —Ž–—”ƒŽŽ›†‡”‹˜‡†‡ƒ‹‰•dz–‘„‡”‡ƒ”Ǧ ”ƒ‰‡†‹‘”†‡”–‘ Šƒ‰‡ƒ†”‡‹˜‡––Š‡†‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ•›„‘Ž•ȋʹͲͲͶǣͶǡ ‡’Šƒ•‹•‹‘”‹‰‹ƒŽȌǤ Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‡’ƒ–ŽƒŠƒ•„‡‡–ƒ‡—’„›Š‹ ƒƒ–Š‡‘”‹•–•‹’ƒ”–‹ Ǧ —Žƒ”–‘Š‡Ž’†‡Ž‹‡ƒ–‡ƒ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ•’ƒ ‡ƒ”‡†„›‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••„› ‘Ǧ ‡–”ƒ–‹‰‘‘‡ ‡–”ƒŽƒ•’‡ –‘ˆœƒŽ†ïƒǯ• ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒǣ •’‹”‹–—ƒŽƒ –‹˜‹•Ǥ ƒ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ǡœƒŽ†ïƒ‡–‹‘•–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘ ‡’–•‘ˆ ‡•–‹œƒŒ‡ƒ†„‘”†‡”Žƒ†•Šƒ˜‡•‘‡–‹‡•„‡‡—•‡†‹™ƒ›•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡˜ƒ‰—‡ ‘”‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰ǡƒ†™‡–‘–‘•’‡ ‹ˆ›–Šƒ–‡’ƒ–Žƒ•Š‘—Ž†„‡—•‡†‘”‡‹ –‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡•’‹”‹–—ƒŽƒ•’‡ –‘ˆ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••ȋ‡ƒ–‹‰ʹͲͲʹǣͳͶʹǢˆ‘”‘”‡ ‘‡’ƒ–Žƒƒ†•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ‹–›•‡‡±”‡œʹͲͲ͹ǣ͵ͲȂͶͷǢ‡Ž‰ƒ†‹ŽŽ‘ʹͲͳͳǣͺȂͳͲǢ ‡†‹ƒʹͲͳͶǣͳ͸͹Ȃͳͺ͸ȌǤŠ‹Ž‡†‹• —••‹‰•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ‹–›‹ƒ• ‹‡–‹ϐ‹  ‘–‡š– ƒ„‡’”‘„Ž‡ƒ–‹ ǡ͹‹– ƒ„‡—•‡ˆ—Žƒ•ƒ‡ƒ•„›™Š‹ Š–‘†‡ ‘•–”— – –Š‡Dz•’‹”‹–—ƒŽȀƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǡ‹‡”Ȁ‘—–‡”ǡ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽȀ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡†‹‡•‹‘•‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡ ȏ–Šƒ–ƒ”‡Ȑ’ƒ”–•‘ˆƒŽƒ”‰‡”™Š‘Ž‡ǡŒ‘‹‡†‹ƒ ‘’Ž‡šǡ‹–‡”™‘˜‡’ƒ––‡”dz ȋ‡ƒ–‹‰ ʹͲͲͺǣ ͷͶȌǤ ’‹”‹–—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ „‡ „”‘ƒ†Ž› –‡”‡† ƒ• ƒ •—„Œ‡ –ǯ• Dz‹Ǧ ‡”™‘”dzȋœƒŽ†ïƒʹͲͲʹȌ–Šƒ–‹•–Š‡–—”‡†‘—–™ƒ”†–‘‹–‡”ƒ –™‹–Šƒ ‘ ”‡–‡•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ†”‡ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ”‡ ‘ˆ”‘–‡†–Š”‘—‰Šƒ –‹˜‹• ™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ‹‘ˆ„”‹‰‹‰ƒ„‘—– Šƒ‰‡Ǥ•ƒ”ƒ‡†‹ƒŠƒ••— ‹ –Ž›’—–‹–ǡ Dz•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽŽ›ƒ„‘—–”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•dzȋʹͲͳͶǣͳ͸͹ȌǤ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ œƒŽ†ïƒƒ†‘–Š‡”•ȋ‡ƒ–‹‰ʹͲͲͷǣ͸Ȃ͹Ǣ±”‡œʹͲͲ͹ǣ͵ͲȂ͵ʹǢ‡†‹ƒʹͲͳͶǣ ͳ͹ͲȂͳ͹ͳȌ Šƒ˜‡ ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡† –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‘–‡’Žƒ–‹˜‡ ‹‡”•‡Žˆ‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡ ‘—‹–›‹ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‡’ƒ–ŽƒǤ –‡”•‘ˆ —Ž–—”ƒŽ’”‘†— –‹‘ǡœƒŽ†ïƒ–‡”•–Š‹•”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’Dz‹˜‘‡† ƒ”–dzȋͳͻͺ͹ǣ͸͹Ȍǡ™Š‹ Š‡ƒ• —Ž–—”ƒŽ’”‘†— –‹‘‹•‹ˆ—•‡†™‹–ŠDz•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ ’”‡•‡ ‡ƒ†’‘™‡”dzȋ±”‡œʹͲͲ͹ǣ͵ͳȌ”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ”‡ƒ‹‹‰ƒ––Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ ƒ ‘‘†‹–›ǤŠ‹•‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‘” ƒ†”‡ ‹’‹‡–‘ˆDz‹˜‘‡†ƒ”–dzǡ‘”‹†‡‡†„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ƒ”–™‘”‹–•‡Žˆƒ†–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‘”ƒ†”‡ ‹’‹‡–Ǥ‡ Š›ˆ”ƒ‡•City of Nightƒ•’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‰‹Dz‹˜‘‡† ƒ”–dz„›ƒ –‹˜‡Ž›’Žƒ ‹‰–Š‡ƒ”‰‹•‘ˆ•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ––Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Ž‹ƒ ™ƒ›–Šƒ–˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‡•Š—ƒ•ȋœƒŽ†ïƒͳͻͺ͹ǣ͸͹ȌǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‡†•–”—‰‰Ž‡ˆ‘” •‡š—ƒŽ ‹†‡–‹–› ‹• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘—‹–›ǡ‘– ‘Ž› ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•™‹–Š‘–Š‡” Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ƒ†Š‹•†‡‡’†‡•‹”‡ˆ‘” ‘Ǧ

͹ƒ‘—‹•‡‡ƒ–‹‰†‹• —••‡•Š‘™• Š‘Žƒ”•‘ˆ–‡ƒ˜‘‹†–Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ”‘Ž‡‘ˆ•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ‹–›‹œƒŽ†ïƒǯ• ‘‡—˜”‡ ȋʹͲͲͺȌ †—‡ –‘ ƒ ƒ†‡‹  –”ƒ‹‹‰ ‹ Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ”‡ƒ•‘‹‰ǡ ‡’‹”‹ ƒŽ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ

78 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

—‹‘ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘‹–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Žǯ•”‡ƒ†‡”•ȋ ‡”ƒ†‡œǦ ƒ•‘ʹͲͳͶȌǤ ‡ Š›ǯ• ”‡‡˜‹•‹‘‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡† ‹• ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ œƒŽ†ïƒǯ• —•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡Dz„‘”†‡”Žƒ†•dz‡–ƒ’Š‘”ǡ™Š‹ Š‡ƒ•–Š‡‘˜‡Ž•Š‘—Ž†‘–„‡•‡‡ƒ• ‹Šƒ„‹–‹‰–Š‡ƒ”‰‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–‡”ǯ•’”‘†— –‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ‹‰ǡ„—–”ƒ–Š‡”„‡ •‡‡ƒ•Dzƒ•‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†ǡ–Š‡—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡƒ†–Š‡ —ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ–‡†‹–Š‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘‘ˆˆ—ŽŽ‡”‘™Ž‡†‰‡•ƒ†‹†‡–‹–‹‡•dzȋ±”‡œ ʹͲͲ͹ǣ͵ʹȌǤŠ‹•’Žƒ ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡„‘”†‡”Žƒ†•‘”ƒ”‰‹•ƒ––Š‡ ‡–‡” ƒ„‡ ˆ”ƒ‡†‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒǯ•‘ǦŠ‹‡”ƒ” Š‹ ƒŽ•–”— –—”‡‹™Š‹ Š ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡• ƒ”‡‘–•‘— Š„”‹†‰‡†ƒ•–Š‡•’ƒ ‡‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‹•‡„”ƒ ‡†ƒ•ƒ’”‘Œ‡ –‘ˆ „‡ ‘‹‰ǡ‘”–Š‡†‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‘•–ƒ–”‡˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ•‡š—ƒŽǡ‡–Š‹ ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‹ƒ ‘’Ž‡š–Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••–Šƒ–Šƒ•‘‡†’‘‹–Ǥ ‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ǡ–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒ‹•ƒ‘‰‘‹‰’”‘ ‡••ǡƒ†”‡ ‡– • Š‘Žƒ”Ž›™‘”‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–‹–ƒ›„‡––‡”†‡• ”‹„‡—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡Ǧ –™‡‡‡••‹Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒƒ†‘–Š‡” —Ž–—”‡•–Šƒ–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–•„‡ˆ‘”‡‹–ǡ•— Š ƒ•‡•–‹œƒŒ‡Ǥ –‹•ƒŽ•‘ǡƒ• ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ‹œ‡†„›œƒŽ†ïƒǡƒ’”‘ ‡••™‹–Š˜ƒ”‹‘—• •–ƒ‰‡•ǡ‘‡‘ˆ™Š‹ Š‹•Coatlicue,™Š‹ Š ‘‡•ƒˆ–‡”ƒ•—„Œ‡ –„‡ ‘‡•ƒ™ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Ž‡”ƒ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••›‡–„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‹•ƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• ƒ„‡–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡† ‹–‘ƒ –‹‘ȋœƒŽ†ïƒͳͻͺ͹ǣ͹ͲȌǤ‘ƒ–Ž‹ —‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡–‘ Šƒ‰‡ ƒ†‡™‘™Ž‡†‰‡–Šƒ–‹•ƒ‹ˆ‡•–‡†‹ƒ‹–‡•‡‹‡”•–”—‰‰Ž‡ƒ† ƒ Dz‡–ƒ‹Ž –Š‡ Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘ ƒ† –Š‡ –”ƒ•—–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘–”ƒ”› ˆ‘” ‡• ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ•’ƒ”ƒŽ›•‹•ƒ††‡’”‡••‹‘dzȋ‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ† ‘œžŽ‡œǦג‡œʹͲͳͳǣʹͶʹȌǤŠ‡ •–ƒ‰‡ƒˆ–‡”‘ƒ–Ž‹ —‡‹•‘‡‘ˆ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘„‘–Š‹™ƒ”†Ž›ƒ†‘—–™ƒ”†Ž›Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ–Š‡‡•–‹œƒ™”‹–‡”ǡ„›‡„”ƒ ‹‰Š‡”ƒ„‹‰—‹–›ǡ ƒDz‘†‹ˆ› ƒ†•Šƒ’‡’”‹‘”†‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›ƒ†ȏ‹•Ȑ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ Šƒ‰‡Š‡”•‡Žˆƒ† ‘–Š‡”• ‹–‘ –—”‡›ǡ ‘›‘–‡ǡ –”‡‡ǡ ‘” Š—ƒdz ȋBorderlands ͹ͶȌǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ƒ •›„‘Ž‹  ”‡ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹†‡–‹–› ƒ† ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’Ǥ Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘” ‡˜‡” ˆ—ŽŽ› ”‡ƒ Š‡•–Š‹•Žƒ––‡”•–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹City of Nightǡƒ†”‡ƒ‹•‹ –Š‡‘ƒ–Ž‹ —‡•–ƒ‰‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ”‡†„›”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ–Š‡ ‘• ‹‘—• ‡„”ƒ ‡‡–‘ˆƒ„‹‰—‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••–‘„”‹‰ƒ„‘—– Šƒ‰‡Ǥ Š‡”‡‹•ƒ ‘—ƒŽ‡Ž‡‡–‹‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•‹ •‡ƒ” Š‘ˆˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’™‹–Š‘–Š‡”•ǡ„—–Š‡‹•—ƒ„Ž‡–‘Šƒ”‡••–Šƒ–†‡•‹”‡–‘ „”‹‰ƒ„‘—––”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Ž‹‡™‹–Š–‘‹‘‹‡‰‘ǯ•‹•‹‰Š––Šƒ–Š‹ ƒƒ ‡•„‹ƒˆ‡‹‹•––Š‡‘”›‹•‘–‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž›ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡–‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”‹–‹‡• ‘ˆƒŠ‹ ƒ‘ǡƒŽ‡Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ–‡š–ȋͳͻͻͻȌǡCity of Nightƒ›‘–ϐ‹–•—‰Ǧ ‰Ž›‹–‘–Š‡‘”‹‡•‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒƒ•ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡†„›Š‹ ƒƒ–Š‡‘”‹•–•ȋœƒŽ†ïƒ ͳͻͺ͹ǡ ʹͲͲʹǢ ±”‡œ ʹͲͲ͹Ǣ ‡Ž‰ƒ†‹ŽŽ‘ ʹͲͳͳǢ ‡†‹ƒ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ Š‡ ”‡ˆ‡””‹‰ –‘Dz‡’ƒ–Žƒdz‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡‘˜‡Ž ‡ƒƒ’‘‹–‘–Š‡ ‘–‹——–‘ ‡’ƒ–Žƒǡ’‡”Šƒ’•‹••‹‰–Š‡ȋ’‘••‹„Ž›Ȍ‡ ‡••ƒ”›–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹Ǧ„‡Ǧ –™‡‡‡••‹–‘ƒ ‘•–”— –‹˜‡ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡ ‘—‹–›Ǥ Š‡‘ƒ–Ž‹ —‡•–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ–Žƒ’”‘ ‡••ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•’‡”Šƒ’•‘”‡ϐ‹––‹‰ˆ‘” City of Nightǡƒ•‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡†„‡Ž‘™ǡ‹•ƒ†‡’‘••‹„Ž‡„›–Š‡†‘—„Ž‡ƒ–”‹ ‡• ‘ˆ–Š‡’‹ ƒ”‡•“—‡‘˜‡Žƒ†Bildungsromanǡ™Š‹ Š’”‡•‡––Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ•ƒ

79 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

†‘—„Ž› ‘†‡†ƒ”–‹ˆƒ –‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•ƒ’‹ ƒ”‘™Š‹Ž‡•‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž› –Š‡•—„Œ‡ –‘ˆƒBildungsromanǤŠ‹•†‘—„Ž‡”‡ƒ†‹‰‘’‡•—’ƒ— Š™‹†‡” •’‡ –”— ‘ˆ ‡ƒ‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž „› ”‡†‹”‡ –‹‰ –Š‡ –‡š– ƒ™ƒ› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ —Ž–—”ƒŽŽ›†‡”‹˜‡†‡ƒ‹‰•–‘–Š‡–‡š–ƒ•ƒ‡’ƒ–Ž‡”ƒƒ”–‹ˆƒ –ǡ‘”ƒ–‡š–—ƒŽ •’ƒ ‡‘ˆ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡•• ‘’Ž‹ ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡–Š‡‡•‘ˆŠ‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ† ‹†‡–‹–›’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǥ ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡ƒŒ‘”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•‹–Š‡ϐ‹‡Ž†‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡• ‹–Š‹• ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™ǡ‘Ǧ‡šŠƒ—•–‹˜‡ƒ•‹–‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž›‹•ǡ™‡”‡ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž City of NightǤŠƒ––Š‡‘˜‡Ž’”‡†ƒ–‡†–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡– ƒ†• Š‘Žƒ”Ž› ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘‘Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ–‘’‹ ••—‰‰‡•–•–Šƒ–‹–ƒ›Šƒ˜‡ Šƒ†ƒ”‘Ž‡‹„”‹‰‹‰ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›‹–‘ƒ‘”‡ƒ‹•–”‡ƒ ƒ†• Š‘Žƒ”Ž›†‹• —••‹‘Ǥ‘™Šƒ–†‡‰”‡‡City of Night‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡†–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡ ‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•ƒ†–Š‡†‹• —••‹‘‘ˆ‡–Š‹ ƒ†•‡š—ƒŽ‹‘”‹–‹‡•‹–Š‡ ‹–‡†–ƒ–‡•‹•ǡ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ‹’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘“—ƒ–‹ˆ›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡‘–‹‘–Šƒ– ƒŠ‹ ƒ‘ƒ—–Š‘”ǯ•’‘”–”ƒ›ƒŽ‘ˆƒŠ‹ ƒ‘ƒ””ƒ–‘”†‡‡’Ž›‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹–Š‡ Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ• ‡‡ ƒ„‡ ‘‡ƒ„‡•–Ǧ•‡ŽŽ‹‰‘˜‡Ž‹‰Š–„‡‹†‹ ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆƒ ‡”–ƒ‹‰”‘™‹‰•‡•‹„‹Ž‹–›‹‡”‹ ƒ•‘ ‹‡–›‹ͳͻ͸͵ȋ ‡”ƒ†‡œǦ ƒ•‘ ʹͲͳͶǣ͵ͶȂͶͶȌǤ ™Šƒ–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǡ ™‹ŽŽ‘—–Ž‹‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ† ƒ„‹‰—‹–›‹City of Night „›”‡Ž›‹‰‘–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Ž–Šƒ–Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–•‹–ƒ•ƒƒ”–‹ˆƒ –‘ˆ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••ǤŠ‹•Ž‹–‡”ƒ”› ”‡ƒ†‹‰•Š‘—Ž†‹†‹ ƒ–‡Š‘™–‡š–—ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‡•‹‰Š–Š‡Ž’• Š‘Žƒ”•–‘†‹• ‘˜‡” ‡’ƒ–Ž‡”ƒˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•‹˜ƒ”‹‘—•ϐ‹‡Ž†•ǡƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†˜‘‹ ‡• –‘„‡Š‡ƒ”†Ǥ

CITY OF NIGHT

Š‡‘’‡‹‰‡’‹•‘†‡‹City of Night–ƒ‡•’Žƒ ‡†—”‹‰ƒ™‹†•–‘””ƒ‰Ǧ ‹‰ƒ–‹‰Š–‹Žƒ•‘ǡ‡šƒ•ǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•ƒ Š‹Ž†ƒ†Š‹•†‘‰ǡ‹‹‡ǡ‹• †›‹‰‹–Š‡†ƒ”‘—–•‹†‡Ǥ–ϐ‹”•––Š‡„‘›•–ƒ›•™‹–Š–Š‡†‘‰ǡ‘˜‹‰‹–‡š– –‘ ƒ „—‹Ž†‹‰ –‘ ƒ Ž‡•• ™‹†› ’Žƒ ‡ ƒ† Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰ ˆ‘‘† ƒ† ƒ „‘™Ž ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡”ǡ ™Š‹ Š–—”•–‘—†‹–Š‡†—•–›™‹†Ǥ ‡–Š‡™ƒ– Š‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡ ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹†‘‘”•ǡ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†„›ƒ™‹†‘™Ǥ –Š‡‘”‹‰–Š‡™‹†•–‘”Šƒ•’ƒ••‡† ƒ†–Š‡†‘‰‹•†‡ƒ†ǤŠ‡‹ƒ‰‡‘ˆ†‹• ‘‡ –‹‘ƒ†•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡‡••ǡ‡‹–Š‡” ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ‘”ǡ‘”‡‘ˆ–‡ǡ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽǡ‹• ‡–”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆŠ‹•‡Žˆƒ†™‘˜‡‹–‘–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ˜‡‹–Š‡ Ž—– Š‡•‘ˆ‹–‹ƒ–‡„‘†Ǧ ‹Ž› ‘–ƒ –™‹–Š’ƒ›‹‰ —•–‘‡”•‹Š‹• ƒ’ƒ ‹–›ƒ•ƒŠ—•–Ž‡”ǡ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘” ’”‡•‡–•Š‹•‡Žˆƒ•ƒŽ‘‡ƒ†•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ǤDz ™ƒ– Š‡†‘–Š‡”Ž‹˜‡•ǡ‘Ž›–Š”‘—‰Š ƒ™‹†‘™dzȋ‡ Š›ͳͻͺͶǣͳͺȌǤ Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•ƒ””‹˜ƒŽ‹‡™‘”‹–›ƒ•ƒ›‘—‰ƒ ‘‹ ‹†‡•™‹–Š ƒƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‹‰Š—””‹ ƒ‡ǤŠ‡Š—””‹ ƒ‡ƒ††•–‘–Š‡ ‹–›ǯ•–‡•‡ƒ†Š‹‰ŠǦ •–”—‰‡”˜‘—•‡••ǡƒ†–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘””‡ƒŽ‹œ‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ϐ‹”•––‹‡ǡDz› ‘†Ǩ 

80 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

‘ƒ‹•Žƒ†Ǩdzͺȋ‹„‹†ǤǣʹͲȌǤ‹‡•“—ƒ”‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•‹–”‘†— ‡†–‘–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘” „›ƒDz“—‡‡”dzȋ‹„‹†ǤǣʹʹȌ•ƒ‹Ž‘”‘•Š‘”‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡™‹–Š–Š‡’”‘‹•‡‘ˆDz•‡š‘‡›dz ȋ‹„‹†ǤǣʹʹȌǡ‹•ƒ‘–Š‡”Dz‡Ž‡ –”‹ ‹•Žƒ†ϐŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‘ƒŽƒ”‰‡”‹•Žƒ†‘ˆŽ‘‡•‘‡ ’ƒ”•ƒ†Ž‘‡•‘‡ƒ’ƒ”–‡–Š‘—•‡•ƒ†‹ˆ‡’‘‹–‡†„—‹Ž†‹‰••–”‡– ŠǦ ‹‰’dzȋ‹„‹†ǤǣʹͳȌǤ –’—ŽŽ•Š‹‹ǡƒ –‹‰ƒ•ƒDzƒ‰‡–ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ–Š‡Ž‘‡•‘‡ ‡š‹Ž‡•Œƒ‡†‹–‘–Š‹• ‹–›dzȋ‹„‹†ǤǣʹͳȌǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•–‘‹•Žƒ†•ǡ„‘–ŠŽ‹–‡”ƒŽ ȋƒŠƒ––ƒȌƒ†ϐ‹‰—”ƒ–‹˜‡ȋ‹‡•“—ƒ”‡Ȍƒ††–‘–Š‡ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‘ˆ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ†™‘”†••— Šƒ•DzŽ‘‡•‘‡dzǡDz‹ˆ‡dzƒ†Dz‡š‹Ž‡•dz‹’Ž›†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ƒ† —‡ƒ•‡Ǥ •–‡•‹„Ž›ǡ –Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘” ™ƒ†‡”• ƒ”‘—† ‹‡• “—ƒ”‡ ‹ •‡ƒ” Š ‘ˆDz•‡š‘‡›dz„‡ ƒ—•‡Š‡‹•‹†‹‰‡–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ„‡Š‹†–Š‹•’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ ‘Ǧ •‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒDz•–”ƒ‰‡‡™‡š ‹–‡‡–dzƒ––Š‡ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ†‹• ‘˜‡”‹‰ Dz•‘‡–Š‹‰‘ˆ™Šƒ– ˜‡ ‘‡–‘ϐ‹†‹–Š‹• ‹–›dzȋ‹„‹†ǤǣʹʹȌǤ‘„‡‰‹•–Š‡ϐ‹”•– ‘ˆƒ›‡’‹•‘†‡•‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”Š—•–Ž‡•ǡ™Š‹ Šǡ”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ„‡‹‰ ’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•ƒƒ –‹˜‡‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–ǡ‹•†‡• ”‹„‡†ƒ•™ƒ‹–‹‰‹ƒ†‡•‹‰ƒ–‡† ƒ”‡ƒ’Žƒ›‹‰Dz†—„dz—–‹Žƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡†„›ƒƒƒ†„‡‹‰ƒ†‡ƒ‘ˆˆ‡”Ǥ ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Ž‹•–‘Ž†ƒ•’ƒ••‹˜‡ǡ†‹•‡‰ƒ‰‡†‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ‘ –Š‡ •–”‡‡–• ƒ† •“—ƒ”‡• ƒ† ‹ –Š‡ „ƒ–Š”‘‘• ƒ† ‹‡ƒ• ƒ ”‘•• –Š‡ ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ††•–‘–Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ–Š‡‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘—–•‹†‡”Ž‘‘‹‰‹ǡ™Š‹ Š™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‹ –Š‡ –”‡ƒ–‡– ‘ˆ ‡ Š›ǯ• ‘•–”— –‹‘ ‘ˆ —Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–› ƒ† ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••„‡Ž‘™Ǥ Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž ‹• ‘•–”— –‡† ‘ˆ Ž‘‘•‡Ž› ‘Œ‘‹‡† ‡’‹•‘†‡•ǡ ‘•– ‘ˆ™Š‹ Š ‹–”‘†— ‡ƒ††‡• ”‹„‡ƒ‡™ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‘” Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‘–ƒŽŽ—†‡† –‘ƒ‰ƒ‹ǡ‘”‘Ž›„”‹‡ϐŽ›ǡƒˆ–‡”–Š‡‡’‹•‘†‡‡†•Ǥ”Ǥ‹‰ǡ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•ϐ‹”•– Dz• ‘”‡dz‘‹‡•“—ƒ”‡ǡ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••–‡ŽŽ•Š‹–Šƒ–Š—•–Ž‹‰Dzƒ‹–‘‰‘‘†dz ƒ† ƒ•• Š‹ǡ Dz™Šƒ––ƒ›ƒ ™ƒƒ Šƒ‰ ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ •–”‡‡–• ˆ‘”ǫdz ȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ ʹͷȌǡ ™Š‹ Š•‡”˜‡•ƒ•ƒ™ƒ”‹‰–Šƒ–‡ Š‘‡•–Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡‘˜‡ŽǤ ‘•‰‡Ž‡• –Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‡ ‘—–‡”•‡•–‹›ǡ’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡–”ƒ••‡š—ƒŽ• ‡‡‘‡”•Š‹‰ “—ƒ”‡ǡ™Š‘†”‡ƒ•‘ˆŠƒ˜‹‰ƒ‡Ž‡‰ƒ–™‡††‹‰ƒ†ƒˆƒ‹–Šˆ—ŽDzŠ—•„ƒ†dzǤ ‘–Š‡”‡”•Š‹‰“—ƒ”‡”‡‰—Žƒ”‹•Š— ǡ™Š‘–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”Dz‡™ȏǥȐ ‹•–‹ –‹˜‡Ž›dz™ƒ•‘–ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽȂŠ‡‹••‹’Ž›–‘‘Žƒœ›–‘ †‘ƒ›–Š‹‰‘”‡†‡ƒ†‹‰–ŠƒŠ—•–Ž‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•‘•–Ž›ƒ’ƒ••‹˜‡‘ —’ƒǦ –‹‘ȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͳʹͻȌǤ‘–Š‡”ϐŽ‡‡–‹‰ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•‹’’‡”ǡ‘ ‡ƒDz‡”›‡ƒ—–‹Ǧ ˆ—Ž ‘›dz ȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ ͳͶͻȌ ™Š‘ ƒ””‹‡• ƒ”‘—† ‡™•’ƒ’‡” Ž‹’’‹‰• ‘ˆ Š‹• ’ƒ•–Ǥ ǯ ƒ”ƒǡƒ‘ ‡”‡‘™‡† Šƒ”ƒ –‡”ǡˆƒŽŽ•ˆ”‘„‡‹‰ƒŠ‹‰ŠŽ›†‡•‹”‡†‘„Œ‡ ––‘ ƒ•—„Œ‡ –™Š‘’‹‡•ˆ‘”ƒ— Š›‘—‰‡”‘„Œ‡ –ȋ‹Ǥ‡ǤDz›‘—‰ƒdz‘”Š—•–Ž‡”Ȍǡ ™Š‹ Š–ƒ‡•–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆƒ ”‡‡–”ƒ‰‡†›ǡ ‘’Ž‡–‡™‹–Šƒ‰‘••‹’› Š‘‹”ǤŠ‡”‡ ‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ•ƒ†‘ƒ•‘ Š‹•–‹ƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ƒ†ƒ™‘ƒ‹‡™”Ž‡ƒ•™Š‘ ‘™• ƒ „ƒ” –Šƒ– ™‡Ž ‘‡• Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ•ǡ –”ƒ•˜‡•–‹–‡• ƒ† Š—•–Ž‡”• ‹ –Š‡ Š‘’‡–Šƒ–Š‡”•‘ǡ™Š‘•Š‡Šƒ†‹ ‡†‘—–‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž›Š‘‡ˆ‘”„‡‹‰ Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽǡ‹‰Š–”‡ƒ’’‡ƒ”–Š‡”‡ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ†‘–Š‡” Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ƒ‡—’–Š‡

ͺ‹ Ǣ’— –—ƒ–‹‘ƒ†•’‡ŽŽ‹‰ƒ”‡‡””ƒ–‹ ‹–Š‡‘˜‡Žƒ••‡‡Š‡”‡ƒ†‹–Š‡“—‘–‡•–Šƒ–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǥ

81 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

‡’‹•‘†‹ ǡˆ”ƒ‰‡–‡†ƒ†—Ž–‹’Ž‡‘†‡‘ˆCity of Nightǯ•ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ–‹—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰Š‘™–Š‡–‡š–’”‡•‡–•ƒ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›‘ˆ‹†‡–‹–‹‡•Ǥ Š‡‡’‹•‘†‹ ˆ‘”‘ˆCity of NightŠ‡Ž’•–‘ƒ‡‹–ƒ’‹ ƒ”‡•“—‡‘˜‡Žǡ ƒ”‡†„›‹–•–‡’‘”ƒŽ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡’‹ ƒ”‘ǡ‹–Š‹• ƒ•‡–Š‡ƒ”Ǧ ”ƒ–‘”ǡ”‡ƒ‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽŽ›— Šƒ‰‡†–Š”‘—‰ŠŠ‹•ƒ†˜‡–—”‡•. ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž •–ƒ”–• ‹ ƒ ™ƒ› –Šƒ– Ž‡ƒ†• –Š‡ ”‡ƒ†‡” –‘ ‡š’‡ – ƒ ‡”‹ ƒ ”‡ƒ Bildungsromanǡ™Š‹ Š‹–—”‹’Ž‹‡•ƒƒ” Š‘ˆ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡŠ‡ ‡•–”— Ǧ –—”ƒŽŽ› ”‡ƒ–‹‰ ƒ †‘—„Ž› ‘†‡† –‡•‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ –‡š–ǡ ƒ‹‰ –Š‡•‡ Š‘‹ ‡• ‘ˆ ‰‡”‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ˆ‘” –Š‡ •–”— –—”ƒŽ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰ —Ž–‹’Ž‹ Ǧ ‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••ǤŠ‡ϐ‹”•–’‡”•‘ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡‹–”‘†— ‡•–Š‡–Š‡‡‘ˆ Dz‡”‹ ƒdzƒ†–Š‡Dz‘–Š‡”‘ƒ†dz–”‘’‡’‘’—Žƒ”‹œ‡†„› ƒ ‡”‘—ƒ ǯ•‘˜‡Ž On the RoadȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†•‹š›‡ƒ”•’”‹‘”ǤDzƒ–‡” ™‘—Ž†–Š‹‘ˆ‡”‹ ƒ ƒ•‘‡˜ƒ•–‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–•–”‡– Š‹‰‰ƒ—†‹Ž›ˆ”‘‹‡•“—ƒ”‡–‘ ‘ŽŽ›™‘‘† ‘—Ž‡˜ƒ”†ȏǥȐdzȋ‡ Š›ͳͻͺͶǣͳȌǤŠ‡ƒ†˜‡”„DzŽƒ–‡”dz‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Š‡–‡’‘”ƒŽ ƒ” Š‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Žǡ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰–Šƒ–‹–Š‡ˆ‘”–Š ‘‹‰’ƒ‰‡•ǡ’‘••‹„Ž›‡ƒ”–Š‡ ‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Žǡ–Šƒ–DzŽƒ–‡”dz’‘‹–™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡ƒ Š‡†ƒ†ƒ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘™‹ŽŽ‘ —”Ǥ ›‘’‡‹‰–Š‡‘˜‡Ž‹•— Šƒƒ‡”ǡ‡ Š›‹• ”‡ƒ–‹‰™Šƒ––—”•‘—––‘„‡ ƒ†‡ ‡’–‹˜‡‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–ǡ„›–Š‡DzŽƒ–‡”dz•–ƒ‰‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǡƒ†Š‡ ‡–Š‡ ”‡ƒ†‡”ǡ™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ƒ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ„‘–Š‡”‹ ƒƒ†–Š‡ƒ”Ǧ ”ƒ–‘”ǯ•’Žƒ ‡‹‹–Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹–Š‹•–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‡‘˜‡Žǯ•ϐ‹”•–‡’‹•‘†‡–ƒ‡• ’Žƒ ‡†—”‹‰–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ• Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‹Žƒ•‘ǡ‡šƒ•‘–Š‡ ǤǤǦ‡š‹ ‘ „‘”†‡”ǤŠ‡‘˜‡Ž‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•ƒ’‹Ž‰”‹ƒ‰‡–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–‡”‹ ƒƒ† ƒ•ƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•Ž› ‘†‡†•–”—‰‰Ž‡–‘”‡ƒ Š‡Ž‹‰Š–‡‡–‘”ǡ‹‘”‡’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ –‡”•ǡ–‘Œ‘‹‹ ‘—‹‘™‹–Š•‘ ‹‡–›ǡƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ•’‡ –‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒǡ ƒ•†‡• ”‹„‡†ƒ„‘˜‡ǤŠ‹•Œ‘—”‡›Ž‡ƒ†•–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ Š—•–Ž‹‰• ‡‡•‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒŒ‘” ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰‡™‘”ǡ Š‹ ƒ‰‘ǡ‘•‰Ž‡•ǡƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ƒ†‡™”Ž‡ƒ•ǡ‡†‹‰„ƒ ‹Žƒ•‘ǡ ‡šƒ•ǡƒ†Š‡ ‡ˆ—ŽŽ ‹” Ž‡„ƒ –‘–Š‡’Žƒ ‡‘ˆ†‡’ƒ”–—”‡Ǥ‡•‹†‡•–Š‡•ƒ‡ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Žƒ•ƒ––Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰ǡ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘” ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡•–Š‡‹‡˜‹–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆŽ‡ƒ˜‹‰Žƒ•‘ƒ‰ƒ‹‹–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡ȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵͹ͺȌǤ –‹•Dz ‹” Ž‡™Š‹ Š™‹†•ƒ”‘—†ǡ™‹–Š‘—–„‡‰‹‹‰ǡ™‹–Š‘—–‡†dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ ͵͹ͻȌǤŠ‡‘Ž›†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹•ƒ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ‘†‡††‹•‹ŽŽ—•‹‘‡–ǡ™Š‹ Š‹• ’‘”–”ƒ›‡†ƒ•–Š‡‘—– ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹•›’Š‡ƒ–ƒ•‘ˆϐ‹†‹‰‡ƒ‹‰Ȃ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ƒ† ‘—ƒŽȂ™Š‹ Š‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Š‡Bildungsroman–”ƒ†‹–‹‘Šƒ•„‡‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†‹–‡”•‘ˆ•–”— –—”‡„—–™‹–Š‘—–™Šƒ–‹•’‡”Šƒ’•‹–•‘•– ‡–”ƒŽ ƒ•’‡ –ǡ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹–‘ƒ‡™’Šƒ•‡‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‘–ƒ‰‘‹•–ǤŠ‡Žƒ ‘ˆ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹• ‘•–”— –‡†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡†‹•’‘•ƒ„Ž‡‡’‹•‘†‹ ƒ‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•™‹–Š —•–‘‡”•‹–Š‡Š—•–Ž‹‰• ‡‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‰‹˜‡•–Š‡‘˜‡Ž–Š‡ ƒ’’‡ƒ”ƒ ‡‘ˆƒ ‘–‹—ƒŽŽ›‘˜‹‰ › Ž‡ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‡•–Š‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ‰‡”‡ ‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•„‡‹‰ ‘–‹—ƒŽŽ›•—„˜‡”–‡†Ǥ Š‡ › Ž‡‘–‹ˆ‹•‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡†‹ƒ‡’‹•‘†‡‹™Š‹ Šƒ„‡†”‹††‡’”‘ˆ‡••‘” Š‹”‡•–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”–‘„‡ ‘‡‘‡‘ˆŠ‹•Dzƒ‰‡Ž•dzǡ™Š‹ Š‡–ƒ‹Ž•–Šƒ–Š‡˜‹•‹–

82 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

–Š‡ ”‘ˆ‡••‘” †ƒ‹Ž› ƒ† Ž‹•–‡ –‘ Š‹• ‘‘Ž‘‰—‡• ‘•‹•–‹‰ ‘ˆ ƒ‡ †‘–‡•ǡ ƒ’Š‘”‹••ƒ††‹‰”‡••‹‘•ǤŠ‹•’”‘ ‡••‹• ƒŽŽ‡†ƒDz‹–‡”˜‹‡™dzƒ†‡†• ™‹–Šƒ•‡š—ƒŽƒ –ǡƒˆ–‡”™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•’ƒ‹†ƒ†Š‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ǤŠ‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ ‹‰†ƒ›–Š‡’”‘ ‡••‹•”‡’‡ƒ–‡†ǤŠ‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”‡‡’•ƒ„‘‘Ȃ†‡ƒ”‡”–‘Š‹ –Šƒ–Š‡ƒ›–‘‡•‘ˆŠ‹•ƒ ƒ†‡‹ ™‘”–Šƒ–ƒ”‡• ƒ––‡”‡†ƒ”‘—†–Š‡ ‡••›ƒ’ƒ”–‡–Ȃ‹™Š‹ ŠŠ‡‡‡’•’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•‘ˆŠ‹•’”‡˜‹‘—•Dzƒ‰‡Ž•dzǡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡††—”‹‰Š‹•‡˜‡–ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡–”ƒ˜‡Ž‹‰‹˜ƒ”‹‘—•’ƒ”–•‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ž†ǤŠ‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‹•ƒ††‡†–‘–Š‹•„‘‘ƒ†„‡ ‘‡•‘‡‘ˆƒ›ƒ†ǡ •›„‘Ž‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡ‘‡•‡‰‡–‹–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡” › Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǯ•Ž‹ˆ‡ǤŠƒ–‡ƒ Š †ƒ›‹•ƒŽ‘•–‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ–‘–Š‡‘‡–Šƒ– ƒ‡„‡ˆ‘”‡‹–Ȃ™Š‹ Š ”‡ƒ–‡•ƒ†ƒ‹Ž›ǡ ”‡’‡ƒ–‹‰ › Ž‡Ȃ‹””‘”•–Š‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǯ•Ž‘“—ƒ ‹‘—•‡••ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•Š›’‘–‹  ƒ† ‹” —Žƒ”ǤŠ‡’ƒ•–ǡ‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ–Š‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǯ•”‡‹‹• ‡•ƒ†ƒŽŽ—•‹‘• –‘ ’”‡˜‹‘—• Dzƒ‰‡Ž•dzǡ ‘•—‡• –Š‡ ’”‡•‡–Ǥ —††‡Ž› –Š‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™• ‡† ƒ†ǡƒ•Š‘”––‹‡Žƒ–‡”ǡ–Š‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”†‹‡•Ǥ Š‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”‹•ƒ’‘••‹„Ž‡”‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”Ȃ‘”ƒ› ‹” —Žƒ”ǡ ‡’‹•‘†‹  Ž‹ˆ‡ǡ ‘˜‹‰ ˆ”‘ ’Žƒ ‡ –‘ ’Žƒ ‡ ƒ† Ž‘˜‡” –‘ Ž‘˜‡” Ȃ ƒ– ‘Ž† ƒ‰‡Ǥ ˆ–‡”ƒ‡˜‡–ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡ǡ–Š‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”Šƒ•‘–”‡ƒ Š‡†ƒ•–ƒ–‹  ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘‘” †‡ϐ‹ƒ„Ž‡ǡ•‡––Ž‡† ƒ–‡‰‘”›Ǥƒ–Š‡”Š‹••‡Žˆ ‘’”‹•‡•–Š‡ƒ›‡ ‘—–‡”• ™‹–Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ”‘Š‹•’ƒ•–ƒ†ǡ‹”‘‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡŠ‡‹•ƒ‘–Š‡”•— Š Šƒ”ƒ –‡” ‘–‘Ž›‹Š‹•‘™•–‘”‹‡•„—–ƒŽ•‘‹–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Žǡƒ††‹‰ƒ ‡Ž‡‡–‘ˆ‡–ƒϐ‹ –‹‘Ǥ•ƒ•—„Œ‡ –ǡŠ‡†‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”•„‡Š‹†Š‹••–‘”‹‡•ǡŒ—•–ƒ• –Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•–Š‡•—‘ˆŠ‹•‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•ǡ™‹–ŠŽ‹‹–‡†‹•‹‰Š–•‹–‘Š‹••‡ŽˆǤ ‘–Š Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•Žƒ ƒ ‘Š‡”‡–ǡ ‘ Ž—•‹˜‡ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ„Ž‡Ȍ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”„—– ”ƒ–Š‡”‹Šƒ„‹–ƒDz•’ƒ ‡dz„‡–™‡‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‹–Š‡ƒ‡”‘ˆ‡’ƒ–ŽƒǤ ‘” –Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‰ƒƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡‹–Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Bildungsroman‹– ƒ„‡ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‰–‘‡˜‡””‡ ‡‹˜‡–Š‡ƒ™ƒ‹–‡†•–ƒ–‡‡–Dz ƒŠ‡dzǤ‘–Šˆ‘” –Š‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”ƒ†ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‡–‡˜‡”ƒ””‹˜‡•ǡŽ‡ƒ˜‹‰–Š‡ ”‡ƒ†‡”‹Ž‹„‘ǡƒ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•‘ƒ–Ž‹ —‡ •–ƒ–‡Ǥ•‡–‹‘‡† ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ‹Ž‹‡™‹–ŠŠ‹ ƒƒ–Š‡‘”‹•–•ǡ–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒ‹•ˆ”ƒ‡†ƒ•ƒ ‡„”ƒ ‡‡–‘ˆ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••–Šƒ–ǡ’ƒ‹ˆ—Žƒ•–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‹‰Š–’‘••‹„Ž›„‡ǡ ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••Ž‡ƒ†•–‘ƒ‡’‘™‡”‹‰ǡ‹††Ž‡•’ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡‡••‡–‹ƒŽ‹•– ƒ–Ǧ ‡‰‘”‹‡•Ǥ –Š‹••‡•‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ”‰‹‹•ƒ†‡‹–‘–Š‡ ‡–‡”ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠ‡Ž’•„”‹‰ ƒ„‘—–•‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡–Š”‘—‰Šƒ‘—–™ƒ”†’”‘Œ‡ –‹‘‘ˆDz‹‡”™‘”dzȋœƒǦ Ž†ïƒʹͲͲʹǢ‡ƒ–‹‰ʹͲͲͷǣ͸Ȃ͹Ǣ±”‡œʹͲͲ͹ǣ͵ͲȂ͵ʹǢ‡†‹ƒʹͲͳͶǣͳ͹ͲȂͳ͹ͳȌǤ –‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Žƒ–Šƒ†ǡƒƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒ™‘—Ž† ’”‡•—’’‘•‡ȋ‘”ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–Š‘’‡Ȍ–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••™‘—Ž†Ž‡ƒ† –‘ƒ‡’‘™‡”‹‰•–ƒ–‡‘ˆ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••‘”‡‹Ž‹‡™‹–Š –Š‡ Bildungsroman ƒ† –Š‡ •–ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ Dz‹˜‘‡† ƒ”–dz ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ–‡ ƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ City of Nightǡ‹‹–• ƒ’ƒ ‹–›ƒ•ƒƒ”–‹ˆƒ –‘ˆ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ’”‡•‡–•–Š‡ ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›ƒ††‡•‹”‡ˆ‘”•— Š‡’‘™‡”‡–ƒ†”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘™‹–Š‘—–ƒ –—Ǧ ƒŽŽ›ƒ Š‹‡˜‹‰‹–Ǣ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡”ƒ–Š‡””‡ƒ‹•‹•–Š‡‘ƒ–Ž‹ —‡•–ƒ‰‡ƒ”‡† „› ƒ ‹–‡•‡ ‹‡” •–”—‰‰Ž‡Ǥ Š‡–Š‡” ‘” ‘– –Š‡ ‘˜‡Žǯ• ’‘”–”ƒ›ƒŽ ‘ˆ ‹Ǧ

83 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

„‡–™‡‡‡•• ƒǡƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ„‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†‡’ƒ–Žƒ‹•†‡„ƒ–ƒ„Ž‡ǤŠ‡–‡š– †‘‡•‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••’”‡•‡–ƒƒ””ƒ–‘”™‹–Šƒ†‡ ‘•–”— –‡†ȋ‘”‹’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ „‡‹‰†‡ ‘•–”— –‡†Ȍ•‡Žˆ–Šƒ–‹Šƒ„‹–•ƒ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡’ƒ–ŽƒǦŽ‹‡•’ƒ ‡ ™‹–Š‘—–ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ”‡ƒ Š‹‰–Š‡‡š–ǡ’‡”Šƒ’•‡ ‡••ƒ”›ǡ•–‡’‘ˆ ‘˜‡”–‹‰ –Šƒ–‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••‹–‘ƒ‡™™Š‘Ž‡ƒ†‡—’‘ˆƒ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›Ǥ‡‹‰Š– •ƒ›–Šƒ––Š‡–‡š–’”‡•‡–•ƒ‡’ƒ–Ž‡”ƒ ‘• ‹‘—•‡••‹–Š‡ƒ‹‰‘”–Š‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ‘†‡†ǡ „‹”–Š‹‰ ƒ•’‡ – ‘ˆ ‡’ƒ–Žƒ ƒ• –Š‡ ’ƒ‹ˆ—Ž ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡ •’ƒ ‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ǡ‹–Š‡™‘”†•‘ˆœƒŽ†ïƒǡDz–Š‡•‹–‡‘ˆ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡ ’Žƒ ‡™Š‡”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡• ‘‡‹–‘ ‘ϐŽ‹ –ƒ†™Š‡”‡›‘—“—‡•Ǧ –‹‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹ ‹†‡ƒ•ǡ–‡‡–•ǡƒ†‹†‡–‹–‹‡•‹Š‡”‹–‡†ˆ”‘›‘—”ˆƒ‹Ž›ǡ›‘—” ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ†›‘—”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– —Ž–—”‡•dzȋʹͲͲʹǣͷͶͺȌǤŠ‡–‡š–ǯ• ‘•–”— –‡† •–ƒ–‡‘ˆ‘Ǧ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘–Š”‘—‰Š › Ž‡•ƒ†Žƒ ‘ˆ†‡ϐ‹‹–‡•–ƒ–‡‡–•ƒ††•–‘ –Š‡–‡š–ƒ•ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••ƒ†‹•—•‡ˆ—Ž ‹†‡ ‹’Š‡”‹‰–Š‡‘˜‡‹–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡• ‘–‹——ˆ”‘‡•–‹œƒŒ‡–‘ ‡’ƒ–ŽƒǤ ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•Žƒ ‘ˆ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹•Š‹•†‡‹ƒŽ‘ˆƒ•–ƒ–‹  ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ ƒ–‡‰‘”›ǡƒŽ•‘ƒ‡›ƒ•’‡ –‘ˆ‡’ƒ–ŽƒǤŠ‹•†‡‹ƒŽ–ƒ‡•˜ƒ”‹‘—• ˆ‘”•–Šƒ– ‘‹ ‹†‡™‹–Š–Š‡‡Ž‡‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡’‹ ƒ”‡•“—‡ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰ǣŠ‹•‘ Ǧ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒ––Š‡‹ŽŽ‡‰ƒŽˆ”‹‰‡•‘ˆ•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ‘”‘ˆ ‘‘‰ƒ›ǢŠ‹•‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘”Žƒ ‘ˆ†‡•‹”‡‹Š‘Ž†‹‰†‘™ƒŽ‡‰‹–‹ƒ–‡Œ‘„Ǣ ƒ†–Š‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›‡–‹‘‡†‡’‹•‘†‹ ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡–‘Ž†‹•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ǧ ˆ‘”™ƒ”†”‡ƒŽ‹•ǤͻŠ‡Š‹ ƒ‘• Š‘Žƒ” —ƒ”— ‡Ǧ‘˜‘ƒŠƒ• ‘˜‹ ‹‰Ž› ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–‹–Š‹•ƒ‡”–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•‡‰ƒ–‹‰–Š‡”Š‡–‘”‹ ‘ˆ‘’Ǧ ’‘•‹–‡•ǡƒ†„›†‘‹‰•‘ǡDz”ƒ‹•‡•–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡–‘ƒ‘”‡‡••‡–‹ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Žǡ–Šƒ– ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ϐŽ‹ –„‡–™‡‡ƒ›ˆ‘”ǡ™Š‹ Š‹’‘•‡•‹–•‡Žˆƒ••–ƒ–‹ ‘”†‡”ǡƒ† ˆ”‡‡†‘dzǡ™Š‹ ŠǡŠ‡‰‘‡•‘–‘•ƒ›ǡ‹•”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›DzϐŽ—‹† Šƒ‘•dz‘”ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•– ƒDz†‹•‘”†‡”Ž›Žƒ ‘ˆ ‘ˆ‘”‹–›dzȋͳͻͺ͸ǣ͹ʹȌǤŠ‡’‹ ƒ”‡•“—‡‘†‡ƒŽŽ‘™• ˆ‘”–Š‡†‘—„Ž‡‹‘”‹–›ƒ•’‡ –‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‹‘–‘„‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†Ǥ‡‹‰ƒ ‘—–•‹†‡” „‘–Š ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ •‡š—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† ”ƒ ‹ƒŽ „ƒ ‰”‘—† ƒŽŽ‘™• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•–‘„‡•‹†‡•–‡’’‡†‘”•—„˜‡”–‡†ƒ†ƒ—‡••‡–‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†˜‡”•‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡•‡–Š‡‡•–‘„‡’”‡•‡–‡†‹–Š‡ƒ‡”‘ˆ‡’ƒ–ŽƒǤŠ‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆƒ†‹ˆϐ‹ —Ž–Ǧ–‘Ǧ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œ‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ•ƒ™ƒ›‘ˆ”‡ƒŽ‹‰‹‰–Š‡ ‡–ƒ’Š‘”‹ ƒŽ„‘”†‡”Žƒ†•‹–‘–Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ†‹• ‘—”•‡Ǥ Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•—‡••‡–‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†’‘•‹–‹‘ ƒ„‡—†‡”•–‘‘†ƒ•ƒˆ‘”‘ˆ †‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– ˆ”‘ ‹†‡–‹–› ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ’‡”Šƒ’• –Š‡ †‡ϐ‹‹‰ ƒ–‡‰‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•Š‹•‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ǣƒŠ—•–Ž‡”ǤŽ•‘‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ”‡Š‹• ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽƒ†‡–Š‹  ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ǣŠ‡‹•ˆ”‘Žƒ•‘ǡ‡šƒ•ǢŠ‹•‘–Š‡”‹•‡š‹Ǧ ƒƒ†Š‹•ˆƒ–Š‡”‹•‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒ†‡• ‡–ǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ǡ‡–Š‹  ƒ†‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ƒ”‡†‡ϐ‹ƒ„Ž‡–Š”‘—‰Š†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ

ͻŠ‹•‹•ƒ‰‡‡”ƒŽ†‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆpicaresqueǡƒ†‡„ƒ–‡†–‡”Ǣˆ‘”‘”‡‘–Š‡‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–‡”ǡ•‡‡ ƒ ‹‰ȋͳͻͻ͸ǣʹ͹͸Ȃʹ͹ͺȌǤ

84 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

–Š”‘—‰Š•–ƒ–‹ ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰‡Ž‡‡–•ǡƒ•™‹ŽŽ„‡•Š‘™Ǥ ƒ‡•Ž‹ˆˆ‘”†’‘‹–‡† ‘—––Šƒ–Dz’”ƒ –‹ ‡•‘ˆ†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–dz•Š‘—Ž†„‡•‡‡ƒ•Dz ‘•–‹–—–‹˜‡‘ˆ —ŽǦ –—”ƒŽ‡ƒ‹‰•”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒƒ•–Š‡‹”•‹’Ž‡–”ƒ•ˆ‡”‘”‡š–‡•‹‘dzȋͳͻͻ͹ǣ͵ȌǤ ƒ”‡ˆ—Ž”‡ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡–‡š–”‡˜‡ƒŽ•–Šƒ–•‡‡‹‰Ž›•–”ƒ‹‰Š–ˆ‘”™ƒ”†‹†‡–‹–‹‡• •— Šƒ•‡–Š‹ ‹–›ƒ†•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ™Š‹ Š™‘—Ž†ƒ ––‘ ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‡ƒ‹†‡–‹–›Ǧ ‡–‡”‡†ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ǡƒ”‡•—„˜‡”–‡†ƒ††‹•’Žƒ ‡†ˆ”‘•‹’Ž‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ Œ—•–ƒ•‹‡’ƒ–Žƒ–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –‹Šƒ„‹–•ƒ•’ƒ ‡„‡–™‹š–ƒ†„‡–™‡‡„”‹†‰‡• ‹ ‘˜‡‡– ”ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ „”‹†‰‹‰ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡• ƒ• ƒ ƒƒŽ‰ƒƒ–‡† —Ž–—”ƒŽ Š›„”‹†‹–›‘”‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰‡†’‘‹–Ǥ – –Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž –Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘” ‘‡–• ‘ Š‹• ‡–Š‹ Ǧ ‹–›ǡ†‡• ”‹„‹‰Š‹•‘–Š‡”ƒ•ƒDz„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž‡š‹ ƒ™‘ƒdzƒ†ǡ‹–Š‡‡š– ’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šǡ‡–‹‘•Š‡”‰Žƒ•• ƒ•‡‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ϐ‹‰—”‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡La Virgen de GuadalupeͳͲȋ‡ Š›ͳͻͺͶǣͳͶȌǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•‡š‹ ƒ„ƒ ‰”‘—† ‹•ƒŽŽ—†‡†–‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘–Š‡”–‹‡•ǡ•— Šƒ•™‹–Š–Š‡Dz‡š‹ ƒ‹†•‘‰ǣǮ‡– ‹• ”ƒ‹ǡ Ž‡– ‹– ”ƒ‹ǡ ‹”‰‹ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ˜‡ǥǯdz ȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ ʹͷȌǡ „—– ‡–Š‹ ‹–› ‹• ‘– ƒ ‡–”ƒŽ –Š‡‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘˜‡ŽǤ Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ• ˆƒ–Š‡”ǯ• ‡–Š‹ ‹–›ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ‹•ƒŽ•‘‡–‹‘‡†ȋƒDzƒ™Š‘ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› Žƒ‹‡† ”‡ Šǡ‰Ž‹•Šǡ ‘–Ǧ –‹•Š †‡• ‡– Ȃ †‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ Š‹• ‹ƒ‰‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘†•dz ȏ‹„‹†Ǥǣ ͳͶȐȌ „—– ‘– ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡†Ǥ— Š‘”‡‹’‘”–ƒ–‹•–Š‡ˆƒ–Š‡”ǯ•˜‹‘Ž‡ ‡ǡ™Š‹ ŠDz‡”—’–‡† —’”‡†‹ –ƒ„Ž›‘˜‡”ƒ›–Š‹‰dz™Š‡Š‡™‘—Ž†Dz•ƒ•Š„‘––Ž‡•ǡ‡ƒ ‹‰—• ™‹–Š–Š‡•Šƒ”’ˆƒ‰‡†‡†‰‡•dzȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͳͷȌƒ†ƒŽ•‘Š‹•‘‡–•‘ˆ–‡†‡”‡••ǡ Dz‡˜‡‘”‡„”—–ƒŽ„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡›†‹†–Žƒ•–dzȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͳͷȌǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡‹City of Night‹•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†‘–Š‡’”‡‹•‡–Šƒ– ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡••— Šƒ•Dz‡–Š‹ dzƒ† Dz‡”‹ ƒdz ƒ Dz‘ Ž‘‰‡” „‡ ˜‹‡™‡† ƒ• ‡ƒ•‹Ž› †‹•–‹‰—‹•Šƒ„Ž‡ ‡–‹–‹‡•dz ȋŠ”‹•–‹ƒͳͻͻ͹ǣͳ͹Ȍǡƒƒ‡”‘ˆ–Š‹‹‰–Šƒ–™ƒ•‘––‘„‡ ‘‡’‘’—Žƒ” —–‹Ž–Š‡ͳͻͻͲ•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡• Š‘Žƒ”Ž›™‘”‘ˆ ‘‹Šƒ„Šƒǡ —†‹–Š—–Ž‡”ǡ –—ƒ”– ƒŽŽƒ†‘–Š‡”•ȋŠ”‹•–‹ƒͳͻͻ͹ǣͳͶȂͳͺȌǤ––Š‡–‹‡‘ˆ –Š‡‘˜‡Ž̵• ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ•™‡”‡‘–‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž› ‘•‹†‡”‡†Dz‡”‹ ƒ•dzǡͳͳƒ† –Š‡ƒ‡”‹™Š‹ Š‡ Š›ǡ™‹–Š‘—– ‘‡–‹‰‘–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•Š‹ ƒ‘ ‡–Š‹ ‹–›†‹”‡ –Ž›ǡƒŽŽ‘™•Š‹–‘„‡–Š‡ Š”‘‹ Ž‡”‘ˆƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†‡”‹ ƒǡ ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒˆ‘”‘ˆ†‡ϐ‹‹‰‡”‹ ƒǦ‡••ǡ‹•‹–•‡ŽˆƒŽ‹„‡”ƒ–‘”›•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǥ Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‡–Š‹ ‹–›ǡ‘–Š‡‘‡Šƒ†ǡƒ†ǡ‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”ǡŠ‹• ‘ϐ‹†‡–’‘•‹–‹‘‹‰‘ˆŠ‹•‡Žˆƒ•ƒ‡”‹ ƒ‘˜‡–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡„‡›‘†

ͳͲŠ‡†ƒ”Ǧ•‹‡†Virgen de Guadalupeƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†–‘ƒœ–‡  †‹ƒƒ‡† —ƒ‹‡‰‘‹ͳͷ͵ͳǡ •’‡ƒ‹‰ƒŠ—ƒ–ŽǡŠ‹•ƒ–‹˜‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ‹ ‡–Š‹•–‹‡ La Virgen de GuadalupeŠƒ•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹–‘–Š‡ ‘–Š‡”‘ˆ‡š‹ ‘ƒ†Šƒ•„‡ ‘‡–Š‡’”‹ƒ”›•›„‘Ž‘ˆ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•‹†‡–‹–›ˆ‘”‡š‹ ƒ•ƒ†‡š‹ ƒ ‡”‹ ƒ•ƒŽ‹‡ȋ‡×ʹͲͲͶǣ͸ͳȂ͸ͶȌǤ ͳͳ ‘”ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ”›‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ•‘– ‘•‹†‡”‹‰–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ƒ•Dz‡”‹ ƒ•dzǡ•‡‡• ƒ”‡–ƒ  ‘•–ƒǯ•The Autobiography of a Brown Buffaloȋͳͻ͹ʹȌǡ™Š‡”‡–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ȋƒ ‹–‹œ‡Ȍ•–ƒ–‡•ǡ‘ˆŠ‹• –‡ƒ Š‡”ǡ‹••†‡”•‘ǣDz Ž‘‘‡†—’‘Š‡”ƒ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‡™‡”‹ ƒ•  ‘—Ž†–”—•–dzȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͻͶȌǤ ‘”ƒ ‡–Š‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ•‡‡‹˜ƒ•Ǧ‘†”‹‰—‡œȋʹͲͲͷǣš˜‹Ǧš˜‹‹ȌͻǤ

85 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

–Š‡”ƒ ‹ƒŽ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ–‹‘• ‘‘ƒ––Š‡–‹‡„›’Žƒ ‹‰–Š‡Dzƒ”‰‹•dzƒ––Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Žǡ‹Ž‹‡™‹–Š–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ǡϐ‹”•–Ǧ’‡”•‘ˆ‘”ƒ–Ǥͳʹ Š‹•Žƒ ‘ˆ‡–Š‹ ‡’Šƒ•‹•‹•‹ ‘‰”—‘—•™‹–Š— Š‘ˆ–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›‘‡—˜”‡ǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›ˆ‘”–Š‡ͳͻ͸Ͳ•ƒ†͹Ͳ•ǡƒ†‹•‹Žƒ”‰‡’ƒ”–”‡•’‘Ǧ •‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”‡ Š›ǯ•‡š Ž—•‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘ȀƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ”› ƒ‘ˆ‘”ƒ››‡ƒ”•Ǥ ‘–Š‡””‡ƒ•‘‡ Š›ǯ•™‘”™ƒ•‘–™‹†‡Ž› ‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘„‡DzŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒdz ™ƒ•‹–• ‡–”ƒŽ•—„Œ‡ –ƒ––‡”ǡ™Š‹ Š‘˜‡”•Šƒ†‘™‡†Š‹•Ž‹–‡”ƒ”› Žƒ‹•ǤŠ‹Ž‡ ‘–Š‡” Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ‘˜‡Ž‹•–• ƒŽ•‘ ’‘”–”ƒ›‡† Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ‹–› ‹ –Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ‘—‹–›ǡ ‡ Š›ǯ• •—„Œ‡ – ƒ––‡” ™ƒ• ‘•‹†‡”‡† ‘”‡ ‡š–”‡‡ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‘—–Žƒ™ǡ Š—•–Ž‹‰ —†‡”‰”‘—† ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆ Š‹• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•Ǥͳ͵ • ”‡†‡”‹  —‹• Ž†ƒƒ Šƒ• •Š‘™ǡ ‡ Š›ǯ• ‹˜‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ „‹”ƒ ‹ƒŽ ȋ‡š‹ ƒȀ ‘––‹•ŠȌ „‹•‡š—ƒŽ ’”‘–ƒ‰‘‹•–• ƒ† Š‹• DzŽ‘‰Ǧ•–ƒ†‹‰ ‡’Ž‘–‡– ‘ˆ •— Š ‡–Š‘Ǧ •‡š—ƒŽ‹œ‡† Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•dzȋʹͲͲͷǣͶ͹ȌͳͶŠƒ˜‡„‡‡‘˜‡”Ž‘‘‡†‹’ƒ”–„‡ ƒ—•‡ ‡ Š›Š‹•‡ŽˆŠƒ•†‡ Ž‹‡†–‘„‡‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡†ƒ•ƒŠ‹ ƒ‘™”‹–‡”Ǥͳͷ ‡”ƒ–Š‡” ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡•Š‹•‡Žˆƒ•ƒDzŽ‹–‡”ƒ”›•ƒ„‘–‡—”dz‘”Dz‘—–Žƒ™™”‹–‡”dzȋƒ•–‹ŽŽ‘ͳͻͻͷǣ ͳʹʹȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‡ Š›ǯ••—„Œ‡ –ƒ––‡”‹City of Nightǡ–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š ”‡ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ƒ† ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡• ‘ˆ ƒ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ Šƒ”ƒ –‡” ‹ –Š‡ „‘”†‡”Žƒ†• ‘ˆ ‡–Š‹ ‹–›ǡ•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ•‘ ‹‡–›ǡŽƒ™ˆ—Ž‡••ǡ „‘†› ƒ• ’”‹˜ƒ–‡Ȁ’—„Ž‹ ǡ ƒ† •‘ ‘ǡ ƒ‡•Š‹•™‘”ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ƒ‘–‘†ƒ›Ǥ•Ž†ƒƒ ˆ—”–Š‡” ‘‡–•ǡDz‹–‹•’‡”Šƒ’•„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆŠ‹••‡•‡‘ˆŠ‹•‡Žˆƒ•ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ”› •ƒ„‘–‡—”–Šƒ–Š‡•‘’‘™‡”ˆ—ŽŽ›‹ƒ‰‹‡•ƒ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡‡••‡–‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†ƒ†Ȁ‘” ‡‰Ž‡ –‡†“—‡‡”Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹†‡–‹–›ƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡dzȋʹͲͲͷǣͶͺȌǤ • Šƒ˜‡ •Š‘™ǡ–Š‡–‡š–ǯ•’‘”–”ƒ›ƒŽ‘ˆƒ‡’ƒ–Ž‡”ƒ•’ƒ ‡ȋ‘”‡’ƒ–ŽƒǦŽ‹‡ȌŽ‡†•‹– –‘‡™”‡ƒ†‹‰•‘ˆ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‰ƒ‹‹‰‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‹–Š‡ϐ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ Š‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•Ǥ›•‹†‡•–‡’’‹‰•‹’Ž‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ„‘–Š‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡–ŠǦ ‹ ‹–›ƒ†•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ‡ Š›’”‡•‡–•ƒ ‘’Ž‡š’‹ –—”‡‘ˆƒŠ‹ ƒ‘ Šƒ”ƒ –‡” ‹ϐ‹ –‹‘ƒ†ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒ‘”‡’ƒ–ŽƒǦ‹Ǧ’”‘ ‡••–Šƒ–‹•—•‡ˆ—Ž‹ ˆ—”–Š‡”–Š‡‘”‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘–‘Ž›Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹••—‡•„—–ƒŽ•‘„‘”†‡”Žƒ†•ǡ„‘–Š ϐ‹‰—”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†Ž‹–‡”ƒŽǡƒ›™Š‡”‡Ǥ  ƒ”‡ˆ—Ž ”‡ƒ†‹‰ •Š‘™• ›‡– ƒ‘–Š‡” Žƒ›‡” ‘ˆ ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡•• ‹ –Š‡ –‡š–ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ††•–‘–Š‡—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›‘ˆ’‘••‹„Ž‡‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‹–Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ‘—‹–›ƒ†„‡›‘†ǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǡ–Š‘—‰Š™‘”‹‰ƒ•ƒŠ—•Ǧ –Ž‡”ǡ’”‡•‡–•–Š‡’‘‹–•‘ˆ˜‹‡™‘ˆ‘–Š‡”Š—•–Ž‡”•ǡ•— Šƒ•‡–‡ǡƒ•–”‡‡–™‹•‡

ͳʹ ‘”ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆƒŠ›’‡”Ǧ‡–Š‹ ‹œ‡†ȋƒŽ„‡‹–•ƒ–‹”‹ ƒŽŽ›ȌŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‘˜‡Žǡ•‡‡• ƒ”‡–ƒ ‘•–ƒǯ• The Autobiography of a Brown Buffaloȋͳͻ͹ʹȌ. ͳ͵ —ƒ”— ‡Ǧ‘˜‘ƒŠƒ••Š‘™–Šƒ–‹–Š‡†‡ ƒ†‡‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡–„‡‰ƒȋͳͻͷͻȂͳͻ͹ͲȌǡ ϐ‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡˜‡Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‘˜‡Ž•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†—–‹Ž‹œ‡Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›‘”ƒ––‹–—†‡•–‘™ƒ”†•Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ• ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ––Š‡‡ȋ–Š”‡‡‘ˆ–Š‡„›‡ Š›Ȍȋͳͻͺ͸ǣ͹ͲȌǤ ͳͶ‹ ‡–Š‡’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆCity of Night‡ Š›Šƒ•‹–”‘†— ‡†”‡ƒ†‡”•–‘ƒ›‘–Š‡” Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•–Šƒ– •‡ŽˆǦ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹ƒ•‹‹Žƒ”ƒ‡”ȋŽ†ƒƒʹͲͲͷǣͶ͹ȌǤ ͳͷŽ‘‰•–ƒ†‹‰†‹• —••‹‘‹Š‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡• ‡–‡”•ƒ”‘—†–Š‡†‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆƒŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ™”‹–‡”Ǥ ˆ ‹–‹•†‡ϐ‹‡†ƒ•ƒDzŠ‹ ƒ‘™Š‘™”‹–‡•dzǡƒ•‡ Š›„‡Ž‹‡˜‡•‹–•Š‘—Ž†„‡ǡDz‘„˜‹‘—•Ž› ƒ–Šƒ–dzȋ ƒ” ÀƒʹͲͲ͵ǣ ͶͷȌǡŠ‡ ‘ Ž—†‡•Ǥ

86 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

ƒ† Šƒ”†‡‡† Dz›‘—‰ƒdz ™Š‘ ‹•‹•–• –Šƒ–ǡ DzŠƒ–‡˜‡” ƒ ‰—› †‘‡• ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡” ‰—›•ǡ ‹ˆ Š‡ †‘‡• ‹– ˆ‘” ‘‡›ǡ–Šƒ– †‘– ƒ‡ Š‹ “—‡‡”Ǥ ‘—”‡ •–‹ŽŽ •–”ƒ‹‰Š–ǤŠ‡›‘—•–ƒ”–†‘‹‰‹–ˆ‘”ˆ”‡‡ǡ™‹–Š‘–Š‡”›‘—‰‰—›•ǡ–Šƒ–›‘— •–ƒ”–‰”‘™‹‰™‹‰•dzȋ‡ Š›ͳͻͺͶǣͶͲȌǤ‘’”‘˜‡Š‹•ƒ• —Ž‹‹–›ǡ‡–‡ǡƒ† ‘‘ ƒ•‹‘–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ƒ•™‡ŽŽǡ™‹ŽŽDz‰‘dz™‹–Š‰‹”Ž•Ǥ —•–Ž‹‰‹•—†‡”•–‘‘† –‘„‡ƒ‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‘—‰Š‘‡™‘—Ž†ƒ••—‡•‘‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆŠ‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ †‡•‹”‡‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”–Šƒ–™‘—Ž†ƒŽŽ‘™ˆ‘”–Š‹•‘Ǧ–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ȋƒ† ‹ŽŽ‡‰ƒŽȌ ‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‹• ƒ••—’–‹‘ ‹• —†‡”‹‡† –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‡ ‘˜‡ŽǤ›ƒƒŽ‘‰›ǡ–‘ƒ••—‡–Šƒ–ƒˆƒ –‘”›™‘”‡”Šƒ•ƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”’‡ Šƒ– ˆ‘”ƒ Š‹‡”›‹•–‘’”‡• ”‹„‡‡‘–‹‘•ƒ†‹†‡ƒ•–‘Š‹‘”Š‡”–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‘– ‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž›ˆ‘—†‡†Ǥƒ•‡†‘™Šƒ–‹•’”‡•‡–‡†‹–Š‡–‡š–ǡ‹–‹• Ž‡ƒ”–Šƒ– –Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”†‘‡•‘–ƒŽŽ‘™Š‹•‡Žˆ–‘†‡•‹”‡‘–Š‡”•ǡƒ–Ž‡ƒ•– ‘• ‹‘—•Ž›ƒ† ‡š’Ž‹ ‹–Ž›Ǣ”ƒ–Š‡”Š‡‹•‹–‡–‘„‡‹‰–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‘ˆ†‡•‹”‡Ǥ Š‹•ƒ›„‡ƒ ϐ‹‡Ž‹‡ǡ„—–‘‡–Šƒ–‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡•• ‘•–”— –•–Š‡‡Ž‡‡–‘ˆ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ† ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••–Šƒ–ƒ”•–Š‡–‡š–ƒ•ƒ™Š‘Ž‡Ǥ Š‡”‡‹•‡˜‹†‡ ‡–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•™‹•Š–‘„‡–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‘ˆ†‡•‹”‡ƒ› Šƒ˜‡‘”‡–‘†‘™‹–Š ‘†‡•‘ˆŠ‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ ‘†— ––Šƒ™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ• •‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”Ǥ•‡–‡ǯ•“—‘–‡ƒ„‘˜‡‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡•ǡ‘‡‹•‘Ž›Dz“—‡‡”dz‹ˆ ‘‡‰‘‡•™‹–Š›‘—‰‡”ƒŽ‡•ˆ‘”ˆ”‡‡ǤŠ‡”‡‹•ƒ•’‡ –”—‘ˆDz“—‡‡”Ǧ‡••dzǡ‹ ‘–Š‡”™‘”†•Ǥ‡•–‡’–‘„‡‹‰‘”‡Dz“—‡‡”dz‹•–‘„‡ƒ’ƒ›‹‰ —•–‘‡”ǤŠ‡ ƒ• —Ž‹‡”‘Ž‡‹–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ‘–„‡‹‰Dz“—‡‡”dzȌ‹•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†„› ‘–†‡•‹”‹‰‘–Š‡”‡ǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•ǡ–‘•‘‡‡š–‡–‹ƒ› ƒ•‡ǡ ‘•–”— –Ǧ ‹‰ƒDzƒ• —Ž‹‡dz’‡”•‘ƒ‹‘”†‡”–‘„‡‘”‡†‡•‹”‡†Ǥ•ƒ‘”‡†‡•‹”‡† ‘„Œ‡ –ǡŠ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡’ƒ‹†ˆ‘”•‡š—ƒŽ ‘–ƒ –ǡ”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ„‡‹‰‹–Š‡™‡ƒ‡”ǡ †‡•‹”‹‰’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆŠƒ˜‹‰–‘’ƒ›ˆ‘”‹–ȋƒ•‘Ž†‡”ǡ‘”‡‡ˆˆ‡‹ƒ–‡‡™‹ŽŽ †‘ȌǤ ƒ˜‹‰–ƒ‡‹–‘ƒ ‘—––Š‡ ‘†‡•‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ•—„ —Ž–—”‡ƒ† Š—•–Ž‹‰• ‡‡ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒ†ƒ••—‹‰–Šƒ–DzŠ‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›dz‡ƒ•†‡•‹”‹‰ ƒ‘–Š‡”’‡”•‘‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡•‡šǡ‘‡‹‰Š–‡š’‡ ––Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”–‘ ‘ˆ‡••Š‹• †‡•‹”‡ȋ‘”Žƒ –Š‡”‡‘ˆȌƒ–•‘‡’‘‹–ǡŠ‡ ‡ϐ‹”Ž›‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰Š‹•„‘ƒ ϐ‹†‡•ƒ•ƒŠ‘‘Ǧǡ„‹Ǧ‘”Š‡–‡”‘•‡š—ƒŽƒǤŠ‹•†‘‡•‘–‘ —”ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡” ‹•Ž‡ˆ–‹•‘‡†‘—„–ƒ•–‘™Š‹ Š ƒ–‡‰‘”›–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”„‡Ž‘‰•–‘ǡƒ–Ž‡ƒ•– †‡ϐ‹‹–‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‹•Ž‡ƒ˜‡•‘’‡–Š‡“—‡•–‹‘ƒ•–‘™Š‡–Š‡”‘–Š‡”’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ‡š‹•–„‡•‹†‡•–Š‡•‡™‡ŽŽǦ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†•‡š—ƒŽ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•Ǥ‡”Šƒ’•–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘” ‹•‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‹ƒ—ƒ ‡†ƒ†’‡”•‘ƒŽˆ‘”‘ˆ•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›–Šƒ– †‘‡•‘– ‘ˆ‘”–‘–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”ǯ•’”‡ ‘ ‡‹˜‡† ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‘ˆ•‡š—ƒŽ‹†‡–‹–›Ǥ ‘–Š‡”’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡƒ†’”‘„ƒ„Ž›–Š‡‘•–Ž‹‡Ž›ǡ‹•–Šƒ–•‘ ‹‡–ƒŽƒ†ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ” ’”‡••—”‡•ƒ†‰—‹Ž– ƒ—•‡–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”–‘ƒ˜‘‹†‡„”ƒ ‹‰ƒ Ž‡ƒ”Ǧ —–Š‘‘Ǧ ‘”„‹•‡š—ƒŽ‹†‡–‹–›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ„›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Ž–Š‹• ‡–”ƒŽ“—‡•–‹‘‹• ‡˜‡””‡•‘Ž˜‡†ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•’”‘„ƒ„Ž›ƒ‘”‡”‡ƒŽ‹•–‹ ’‘”–”ƒ›ƒŽ‘ˆŠ‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ ‹†‡–‹–›ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ͳͻ͸Ͳ•–Šƒƒ›Dz”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘dzȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ–‹‘Ȍ ‘—Ž†„‡Ǥ Ž‹‡™‹–ŠŠ‹ ƒƒ–Š‡‘”‹•–•ƒ†–Š‡Bildungsroman‰‡”‡ǡ‹‘”Ǧ †‡”–‘ƒ Š‹‡˜‡ƒ‡’ƒ–Žƒ•’ƒ ‡–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹‰Š–„‡‡š’‡ –‡†–‘”‡•‘Ž˜‡Š‹•

87 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••„›‡„”ƒ ‹‰–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‰‡–‡†‘”ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†ƒ–—”‡‘ˆŠ‹• •‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ǤŠ‹•ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ†‘‡•‘–‘ —”‡š’Ž‹ ‹–Ž›†—‡–‘–Š‡ ‹” —Žƒ”ǡ‡’‹•‘†‹  ƒ†˜‡–—”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’‹ ƒ”‘ƒ””ƒ–‘”™‹–Š–Š‡”‡•—Ž––Šƒ––Š‡‡’ƒ–Ž‡”ƒ–‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••‹•Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†ƒ––Š‡‡š’‡•‡‘ˆƒ‹‰ƒ‡™ǡ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ ‡’ƒ–Ž‡”ƒ•–ƒ–‡†‹• ‡”‹„Ž‡Ǥ ‡–‡ǡ –Š‡ •–”‡‡–™‹•‡ ƒ† Šƒ”†‡‡† Š—•–Ž‡”ǡ †”‘’• Š‹• ’‡”•‘ƒ ƒ– ‘‡ ’‘‹– ƒ† ƒ†‹–• –‘ ‡‘–‹‘• ‘ˆ Ž‘‰‹‰ ˆ‘” Ž‘•‡‡•• ƒ† ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’ ‘” ’‘••‹„Ž›ƒ”‘ƒ–‹ ‹–‡”‡•–‹–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǤŠ‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”‹•Ž‡ˆ– ‹†‘—„–‘ˆ‡–‡ǯ•‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘†‡‘ˆ—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ† ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡•• ‹ –Š‡ ‘˜‡Žǡ ƒ† ‹– ‹• ‘•–”— –‡† –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ• ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǡ‘—–•‹†‡”’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™ƒ†–‘‡ǡ™Š‹ Šǡ†—‡–‘Š‹• ƒ’ƒ ‹–›ƒ• ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǡ‹•–Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Žǡ›‡–”‡ƒ‹•ƒ—”‡•‘Ž˜‡† ‡–‡”†—‡–‘ –Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ–Š‡†‘‡•‘–‡š’Žƒ‹‘” Žƒ”‹ˆ›‡˜‡–•„—–”ƒ–Š‡”’”‡•‡–•–Š‡ ™‹–Š‘—–‘˜‡”Ž› ‘‡–‹‰Ǥˆ–‡”•’‡†‹‰–Š‡†ƒ›–‘‰‡–Š‡”–ƒŽ‹‰ǡ‡–‡ ƒ••‹ˆŠ‡ ƒ•’‡†–Š‡‹‰Š–‹–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•”‡–‡†”‘‘„‡ ƒ—•‡‹–‹•Žƒ–‡Ǥ –Š‡•Šƒ”‡†„‡†ǡ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”•–ƒ–‡•ǡDz ˆ‡Ž–Š‹•Šƒ†ǡŽ‹‰Š–Ž›ǡ‘‹‡Ǥ‡‹Ǧ –Š‡”‘ˆ—•‘˜‡†Ǥ‘‡–•’ƒ••‡†Ž‹‡–Šƒ–Ǥ†‘™Š‹•Šƒ† Ž‘•‡•‘˜‡” ‹‡ǡ–‹‰Š–Ž›Ǥ†–Šƒ–™ƒ•ƒŽŽ–Šƒ–Šƒ’’‡‡†dzȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͷͳȌǤ •‡–‡ƒ Ž‘•‡–‡† Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽŽ‘‰‹‰ˆ‘”’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ‘–ƒ –™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‘”•‹’Ž›ƒŽ‘‡Ž› ›‘—‰ƒ‹•‡ƒ” Š‘ˆ‹–‹ƒ ›ƒ†ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’ǫ”’‡”Šƒ’•–Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘Ǧ •Š‹’ •Š‘—Ž† „‡ †‡ϐ‹‡† ‹ –‡”• –Šƒ– ‘˜‡ ’ƒ•– –Š‡ Š‘‘ǦȀ Š‡–‡”‘•‡š—ƒŽ †‹ Š‘–‘›ǫ‡‹‰Š–ƒ••—‡ˆ”‘–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘–‡š–‘ˆ–Š‡–‹‡–Šƒ–„‘–Š Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•Šƒ”„‘”Š‹††‡Š‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ—”‰‡•„—–ƒ”‡–‘‘ƒˆ”ƒ‹†–‘‡š’”‡•• –Š‡ǤŠ‡–‡š–ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ”‡ƒ‹•ƒ„‹‰—‘—•‘–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –ƒ†–ƒ‡ƒ•ƒ ƒ”–‹ˆƒ –‘ˆ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••ƒ††‘—„Ž‡ ‘†‹‰Ȃƒ•‘’’‘•‡†–‘ƒ ‘‡–ƒ”› ‘‡š–‡”ƒŽˆƒ –‘”•Ȃ–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡” ƒ‘–„‡†‡ϐ‹‹–‡Ž›•—”‡‘‡ ™ƒ›‘”–Š‡ ‘–Š‡”Ǥ ƒ› ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡–‡š–’”‡•‡–•–Š‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ƒ•‡š‹•–‹‰„‡›‘†–Š‡ •‹’Ž‡ †‹ Š‘–‘› ‘ˆ Š‘‘Ǧ ƒ† Š‡–‡”‘•‡š—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† ‘˜‹‰Ž› ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡• –Šƒ–ƒ•ˆƒ”ƒ••‡š—ƒŽ‹–›‹• ‘ ‡”‡†ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••ǡ ’ƒ‹ˆ—Žƒ†‹ ‘ Ž—•‹˜‡ƒ•‹–ƒ›„‡ǤŠ‡‘Ž›†‡ϐ‹‹–‡‘—– ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ–Ǧ –‡’–ƒ– Ž‘•‡‡••‹•–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ‹”ǯ•ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’Ǥ ‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Žǡ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘” ”‡ƒ–‡•ƒ•‡•‡‘ˆ–‡•‹‘„› ƒŽŽ—†‹‰–‘Š‹•‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ•–ƒ–‡ƒ†’‘••‹„Ž‡†‡•‹”‡ˆ‘”‘–Š‡”•ǡƒ•‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡†‹ ƒ‡’‹•‘†‡‹‡™”Ž‡ƒ•‹™Š‹ ŠŠ‡„‡ ‘‡•ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘ ‡”‡›ǤŠ‡–Š‡” ‘”‘––Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”†‡•‹”‡• ‡”‡›‹•‡˜‡”†‡ϐ‹‹–‡Ž›ƒˆϐ‹”‡†Ǥ ˆ†‡•‹”‡†‘‡• ‡š‹•–ǡ‹–‹•–‘„‡ϐŽ‡†ˆ”‘ǤƒŽ‡ǦƒŽ‡•‡š‹•ƒŽŽ—†‡†–‘„—–‡‹–Š‡”†‡• ”‹„‡† ‹†‡–ƒ‹Ž‘” ‘†‘‡†‘” ‘†‡‡†‡š’Ž‹ ‹–Ž›ǤŠ‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ–‹––ƒ‡•’Žƒ ‡‹• –‘•—‰‰‡•–†‡•‹”‡ǡ„—––Š‡†‡• ”‹’–‹‘‹•‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ‘†‡†ǡƒ•‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ “—‘–‡ǣ Dz‘†‡”‘—•Ž› ‡šŠƒ—•–‡† ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ †‡–‡”‹‡† ‡Œƒ —Žƒ–‹‘ Ȃ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ† ‘‡ǡ•–”ƒ‹‡†—’–‘–Š‡ƒ –—ƒŽ‘‡–‘ˆ†‹• Šƒ”‰‡ǡ‹–Š‘•‡†‘—„Ž› ‘”‰ƒ•‹ –Š”—•–•ƒ•‹ˆ Šƒ†–”‹‡†–‘†”ƒ‹ˆ”‘›•‡Žˆ•‘‡–Š‹‰‹ϐ‹‹–‡Ž› ‘”‡–Šƒ–Š‡‡”‡•’‡”dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵Ͷ͵ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†•Dz’‘†‡”‘—•Ž›‡šŠƒ—•–Ǧ

88 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

‡†dzǡDz†‡–‡”‹‡†dzǡDz•–”ƒ‹‡†dzǡƒ†Dz†”ƒ‹dzŠƒ˜‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘–ƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‹• †‡• ”‹’–‹‘‹•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›ƒƒ†‹••‹‘„›–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”–Šƒ–Š‡Šƒ†‰‘‡ ™‹–Š–Š‡ƒǡ™Š‘‹• ‡”‡›ǡ†‡•’‹–‡‘™‹‰–Šƒ–Š‡™ƒ•‘–ƒDz• ‘”‡dzȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ –Šƒ–Š‡™‘—Ž†’ƒ›ȌǤŠ‹•‰‘‡•ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•ƒ• —Ž‹‡ǡ‘Ǧ†‡•‹”‹‰ ’‡”•‘ƒǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒˆ–‡”ƒ‹‰–Š‹• ‘ˆ‡••‹‘ǡŠ‡ƒ††•–Šƒ–Š‡™‡–™‹–Š Š‹‹ƒ•–ƒ–‡‘ˆDz’‹ŽŽ‡†ƒ†Ž‹“—‘”‡†’ƒ‹ dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵Ͷ͵ȌǡŠ‡ ‡—†‡”‹‹‰ ‡”‡›ǯ•†‡•‹”ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ –Š‡‘”‹‰–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•‘Ž›™‹•Š‹•–‘DzEscapedz ȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵ͶͶȌ„—–Š‡‹• ‘˜‹ ‡†–‘•–ƒ›ˆ‘”ƒ ‹‰ƒ”‡––‡ǡ†—”‹‰™Š‹ Š ‡”‡› ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹œ‡• ƒ„‘—– •‡šǡ †‡•‹”‡ ƒ† Ž‘˜‡Ǥ ‡•‹†‡• ‡”‡›ǯ• ™‡ŽŽ •’‘‡ǡ ‡”‡„”ƒŽƒ‡”ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•‡˜‹†‡ ‡†–Š”‘—‰ŠŠ‹•”Š‡–‘”‹ ǡŠ‡‹•†‡• ”‹„‡† ƒ•Dzƒ™‡ŽŽǦ„—‹Ž–ǡƒ• —Ž‹‡ƒ‹Š‹•‡ƒ”Ž›͵Ͳ•ȏǥȐ ‡‹•‹–‡•‡Ž›ǡ‘‘†‹Ž› Šƒ†•‘‡dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵ͶͷȌǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”™‘†‡”•™Š›•— Šƒƒ™‘—Ž†Dz’ƒ› ƒ‘–Š‡”ƒŽ‡™Š‡Š‡ ‘—Ž†‘„˜‹‘—•Ž›ƒ‡‹–‡ƒ•‹Ž›ƒ†—–—ƒŽŽ›‹ƒ›‘ˆ –Š‡„ƒ”•dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵ͶͷȌǤŠ‡‘‡› ‡”‡›Šƒ•‘ˆˆ‡”‡†–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘””‡ƒ‹• —ƒ ‡’–‡†‘–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡‡š––‘–Š‡„‡†ǤŽ—–Ž›ǡƒˆ–‡”•‘‡ ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡”‡›•ƒ›•ǡDz‘—™ƒ–ǡ˜‡”›— Šǡ–‘„‡Ž‘˜‡†Ȃ„—–›‘—†‘–™ƒ––‘Ž‘˜‡ „ƒ ǡ‡˜‡‹ˆ›‘—Šƒ˜‡–‘ˆ‘” ‡›‘—”•‡Žˆ‘––‘dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵Ͷ͸ȌǤ ‡”‡›ƒ†‹–•–‘ Šƒ˜‹‰‘˜‡”ǦŠ‡ƒ”†–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•‡ƒ”Ž‹‡” ‘ˆ‡••‹‘–‘–™‘Dz• ‘”‡•dz‹ƒ„ƒ”ǡ ‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”•ƒ‹†ǡDz ‘–ƒ–ƒŽŽ–Š‡™ƒ››‘—–Š‹ ƒǤ ‘–Ž‹‡ ›‘—™ƒ–‡–‘„‡ǡ–Š‡™ƒ› –”‹‡†–‘Ž‘‘ƒ†ƒ –ˆ‘”›‘—ǣ‘–— ‘ ‡”‡†ǡ ‘”‡ƒ•›‰‘‹‰Ȃ‘––‘—‰Šǣ‘ǡ‘–ƒ–ƒŽŽdzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵ͶͳȌǤ ‡”‡›„‡Ž‹‡˜‡•Š‡Šƒ• •‡‡–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•ˆƒ­ƒ†‡ǡ™Š‹ ŠƒŽ•‘ƒŽŽ‘™•–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”ƒ‰Ž‹’•‡ ‹–‘Š‹•Š‹††‡‡‘–‹‘•ǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”Šƒ••–ƒ–‡†™Šƒ–Š‡ isn’tȋDzŽ‹‡›‘— ™ƒ–‡–‘„‡dzȌ„—–‘–™Šƒ–Š‡isǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”Ǥ”‘’–‡†„› ‡”‡›ǡ–Š‡ƒ”Ǧ ”ƒ–‘”–Š‹•ƒ„‘—–DzŽ‘˜‡dzƒ†ǡ–Š‘—‰ŠŠ‡‘™•–Š‹•‹•‘–™Šƒ– ‡”‡›Šƒ• ‹‹†ǡƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡•‹–™‹–ŠŠ‹•‘–Š‡”ƒ†‡˜‡Š‹•ˆƒ–Š‡”Ǥƒ”„ƒ”ƒǡƒ™‘ƒ Š‡Šƒ†ƒϐŽ‹‰™‹–Š‹Žƒ•‘ǡƒŽ•‘ ”‘••‡•Š‹•‹†ƒ•Dz–Š‡Ž‡ƒ•–†ƒ‰‡”‘—• –Š‘—‰Š–dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵Ͷ͹Ȍƒ†–Š‡‡‘”›‘ˆƒ˜‡ǡƒƒŠ‡‰”‡™ Ž‘•‡–‘‹‘• ‰‡Ž‡•„—–Ž‡ˆ–ƒ„”—’–Ž›ǡDz•’”ƒ‰ˆ‘”™ƒ”†dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵Ͷ͹ȌǤŠ‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ–ƒ˜‡ǯ• ‡‘”›Dz•’”ƒ‰ˆ‘”™ƒ”†dz•—‰‰‡•–•–Šƒ––Š‡DzŽ‘˜‡dzƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Šƒ˜‡‹• ‹ƒ†˜‡”–‡– ‘” — ‘• ‹‘—•Ǥ ‡–‡ǡ ƒ ‡ ƒ† ”Ǥ‹‰ ƒ”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‡–‹‘‡† ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ• Dzƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• ‘ˆ ȏ–Š‡‹”Ȑ ’ƒ‹dz ȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ ͵Ͷ͹Ȍǡ ™Š‹ Šǡ Š‡ƒ†‹–•ǡDz ‘—Ž†„‡ǡ’‡”Šƒ’•ǡƒ•Šƒ’‡‘ˆǮŽ‘˜‡ǯdzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵Ͷ͹ȌǤ—–ǡ‘—–Ž‘—†ǡ Š‡•ƒ›•ǡDz‘ȏǥȐ ˜‡‡˜‡”Ž‘˜‡†ƒ›onedzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵Ͷ͹ȌǤ ‡”‡›ƒ‰ƒ‹„”‹‰• –Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”ǯ•ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ϐ‹–•‹–‘‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ †‘‹ƒ–•‡š—ƒŽ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•Ǥ ‡ƒ••ǡDz‘›‘—ƒŽ™ƒ›•‰‘ˆ‘”‘‡›Ȃ‘Ž›ǫdz Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ƒ•™‡”•ƒˆϐ‹”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›„—–ƒ†‹–•ǡ–‘–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”ǡ–Šƒ–‹–‹•ƒŽ‹‡Ǥ ƒ–‡” ‡”‡›•ƒ›•ǡDz ‰‘––Š‡‹’”‡••‹‘–Šƒ––Š‡‘‡›ȏ–Š‡ —•–‘‡”•Ȑ‰ƒ˜‡ ›‘—™ƒ•ǯ––Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ––Š‹‰Ȃ–Šƒ–›‘—™‡”‡ǡƒ›„‡ǡ ‘’—Ž•‹˜‡Ž›’Žƒ›‹‰ ƒ‰ƒ‡dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵ͶͺȌǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‡š’Žƒ‹•Ȃ–‘Š‹•‡Žˆƒ†–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”Ȃ–Šƒ– Š‹• •‡š—ƒŽ‹–› ‹• „‡›‘† –Š‡ Š‡–‡”‘ǦȀŠ‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ „‹ƒ”› ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ ‘‡ –• Š‹• —””‡–•–ƒ–‡–‘Š‹• Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†™Š‡Š‹•ˆƒ–Š‡”ƒ†Š‹•ˆ”‹‡†•™‘—Ž†’ƒ›

89 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

–‘ƒŽŽ‘™–Š‡–‘•‡š—ƒŽŽ›ƒ„—•‡Š‹ȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͳͶȌǤDz ‘™‹’‘••‹„Ž›†‹ˆϐ‹ —Ž–‹– •‡‡‡†–‘‡š’Žƒ‹–‘Š‹–Šƒ–‹–™ƒ•–Š‡‡”‡’”‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•‡š‘‡› –Šƒ–ƒ––‡”‡†Ǣ–Š‡—”‡ ‹’”‘ ƒ–‡†•‡šǣ–Š‡ƒ‹ˆ‡•–ƒ–‹‘•–Šƒ– ™ƒ•”‡ƒŽŽ› ƒ–‡†dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵ͶͺȌǤ Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘‡š’”‡••Š‹••‡š—ƒŽ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‡‘–‹‘• –‘ ‡”‡›‡š–‡†•–‘–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”ǡ™Š‘—•–’‹‡ ‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ‹ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘”–Šƒ–†‘‡•‘– ‘ˆ‘”–‘”‡ƒ†‹Ž›ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‘ˆ•‡š—ƒŽ Šƒ”Ǧ ƒ –‡”‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ‘™Šƒ–‡š–‡––Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”ϐ‹†•–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘””‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ǡ„‘–Š‹Š‹• †‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ„‡‹‰Dzƒ–‡†dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵ͶͺȌƒ„‘˜‡ƒ†‹‘–Š‡”‹•–ƒ ‡•ǡƒ††• –‘–Š‡–‡š–ǯ•ƒ„‹‰—‹–›Ǥ‡šǡƒ•™‹–Š‘•––Š‹‰•‹Ž‹ˆ‡ǡ‹•”ƒ”‡Ž›•‘•‹’Ž‡ ƒ•–‘„‡†‡• ”‹„‡†‹‘‡’Š”ƒ•‡ǡƒ•–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”†‘‡•‹–Š‡“—‘–‡ƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”‹‰Š–•—•’‡ ––Šƒ–˜ƒ”‹‘—•‘–Š‡”ˆƒ –‘”• ‘‡‹–‘’Žƒ›Š‡”‡–Šƒ– –Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•‡‹–Š‡”—ƒ™ƒ”‡‘ˆ‘”‹•—™‹ŽŽ‹‰–‘’”‡•‡–ǤŠ‹•‡˜ƒ•‹‘‘ˆ ˆ—ŽŽˆ”ƒ‡••Ž‡ƒ†•–‘ƒ—•‡––Ž‡†‡†‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡‘˜‡Žǡƒ†–Š‡‡š’‡ –ƒǦ –‹‘‘ˆ‡’‹’Šƒ›ǡ•‡ŽˆǦ†‹• ‘˜‡”›ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹•‡˜‡”‡–Ǥ •ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‡–‹‘‡†ǡ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‡†•Š‹••–‘”›„ƒ ‹Žƒ•‘ǡ‡šƒ•ǡƒ•ƒ‘—–•‹†‡” Ž‘‘‹‰ƒ––Š‡™‘”Ž†ǡ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†‘–‘Ž›„›’Š›•‹ ƒŽƒ†‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ†‹•–ƒ ‡• „—–„›–Š‡˜‡”›‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆƒ•‘ ‹‡–›–Šƒ–†‡ƒ†••‹’Ž‡Dz›‡•dz‘”Dz‘dz ”‡•’‘•‡•–‘“—‡•–‹‘•ǡ•— Šƒ•‡–Š‹ ‹–›ƒ†•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ–Šƒ–‹‰Š–’”‘˜‡–‘ „‡‘”‡ ‘’Ž‡š‹–Š‡‹”—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡••–Šƒƒ†‡ϐ‹‹–‹˜‡ ”‡•’‘•‡™‘—Ž†™ƒ””ƒ–Ǥ –Š‹••‡•‡–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡”‡ƒ‹•‹–Š‡‘ƒ–Ž‹ —‡ •–ƒ–‡‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒƒ††‘‡•‘–”‡ƒ Š–Š‡•’‹”‹–—ƒŽƒ –‹˜‹•–•–ƒ‰‡’”‡•—’’‘•‡† „›Š‹ ƒƒ–Š‡‘”‹•–•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹•ƒŽŽ‘™•ˆ‘”–Š‡–‡š––‘’”‡•‡––Š‡–‡Ǧ •‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡•• ”‡ƒ–‡† „› ‘ϐŽ‹ –‹‰ ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ–”‹ ‡•ǡ –Šƒ– ‘ˆ –Š‡ › Ž‹ ƒŽ ’‹ ƒ”‡•“—‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ‘‹Ž‡† –‡’‘”ƒŽ ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Bildung- sromanǤ›’”‡•‡–‹‰ƒƒ””ƒ–‘”–Šƒ–‡˜‡””‡ƒ Š‡••–ƒ–‹  ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡ Š›ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†–Š‡‘˜‡‹–Š‡ϐ‹‡Ž†‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•ˆ”‘ ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‡† ‹†‡–‹–›Ǧ ‡–‡”‡† –Š‡‘”‹œƒ–‹‘• –‘ ƒ †‡ ‘•–”— –‡†ǡ †‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹œ‡† ’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‡’ƒ–ŽƒǤ

CONCLUSION

Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ• —Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–› ƒ† ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡‡•• ƒ”‡ ‘•–”— –‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™ǡ–‘‡ǡƒ†–Š‡‡‹–Š‡‘˜‡ŽǤŠ‡ϐ‹”•–Ǧ’‡”•‘’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™ ƒ†–Š‡–”ƒ’’‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡Bildungsroman ”‡ƒ–‡–Š‡ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŠ‘‡•–›ǡ ‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒ†ƒ ‡••–‘–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ••‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘”›ǡ‘”‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ’‘•‹Ǧ –‹‘ǤŠ‹•ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ†‘‡•‘–ǡˆ‘”–Š‡‘•–’ƒ”–ǡ‘ —”ǤŠ‡ƒ””ƒ–‘””‡ƒ‹• ƒ ‘‘Ž ‘„•‡”˜‡” ‘ˆ ‘–Š‡”•ǡ †‡• ”‹„‹‰ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ǡ ‹–‹‡•ǡ •–”‡‡–•ǡ •“—ƒ”‡• ƒ† „ƒ”• ‡’‹•‘†‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡ ‡š’”‡••‡† ‹ ƒ ”‡ƒŽ‹•–‹  •–›Ž‡Ǥ  City of Night, ‘Š ‡ Š› ”‡ƒ–‡•ƒƒ””ƒ–‘”–Šƒ–•–ƒ†•‹ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†ƒ•’‡ –•‘ˆ–Š‡

90 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ‘—‹–› ƒ†ǡ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– ’‡”•‘ ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ’Žƒ ‡• –Š‡ ƒ”‰‹•ƒ––Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ””‹˜‹‰ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–‹Š‹•–‘”› ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ‹Œ—•–‹ ‡• •—ˆˆ‡”‡† „› –Š‡ ‡š‹ ƒ ‡”‹ ƒ ‘—‹–›™‡”‡ „‡‹‰–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡†‹–‘ ‘—‹–›‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒ –‹˜‹•ǡ™Š‹ Š™‘—Ž† ——Žƒ–‡‹–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡‡–ǡ–Š‡‘˜‡Žƒ –‡†ƒ•ƒ†‡ ‘•–”— –‹˜‡ƒ”Ǧ ”ƒ–‹˜‡„›•Š‘™‹‰–Šƒ–•‹’Ž‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ–‹‘‹•”ƒ”‡Ž›’‘••‹„Ž‡‘”ˆ”—‹–ˆ—Žǡ‘” ‹ƒ› ƒ•‡‘–’‘••‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‹•’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǤŠ‡‘˜‡Žǯ•’”‡†ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ƒ„”‘ƒ†‡”‘˜‡‡–ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•‹–•’‘’—Žƒ”‹–›ƒ†–Š‡†‡„ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–‹–‹‰‹–‡†ǡ •—‰‰‡•––Šƒ–‹–•”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†˜‘‹ ‡•ƒ›Šƒ˜‡Š‡Ž’‡†–‘ ‰ƒŽ˜ƒ‹œ‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‹–‘ƒ –‹˜‹•ƒ‰ƒ‹•–‹Œ—•–‹ ‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•–‘‡š–‡†–Š‡ ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡„‡›‘†–Š‡–‡š––‘ƒŽŽ‘™ˆ‘”–Š‡Dz•’‹”‹–—ƒŽƒ –‹˜‹•dz–Šƒ–‹•‹Š‡”Ǧ ‡––‘–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‡’ƒ–ŽƒǤ –™ƒ•‘–—–‹Ž–Š‡Žƒ–‡”ͳͻ͹Ͳ•ƒ†„‡›‘†ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Šƒ–‡ Š›ǯ•™‘”™ƒ••Ž‘™Ž›ƒ ‡’–‡†ƒ•’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘Ž‹–‡”Ǧ ƒ”› ƒ‘ǡ™Š‹ Šǡƒ‘‰‘–Š‡”–Š‹‰•ǡ‹•ƒ–‡•–‹‘›–‘Š‹•—‡••‡–‹ƒŽ‹œ‡† ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–Š‹ ‹–›‹City of Nightƒ†‘–Š‡”‘˜‡Ž•Ǥ–Š‹ ‹–›™ƒ• ‘‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ•‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ƒ†‘–ƒ’”‹‡‘–‹˜ƒ–‘”Ǥ —•– ƒ•‘‡™‘—Ž†‘–‡š’‡ –ƒ‰Ž‘Ǧ‡”‹ ƒ™”‹–‡”–‘‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž›„”‹‰—’ Š‹•‘”Š‡”™Š‹–‡‡••ǡ‡ Š›Ž‡–Š‹•‡”‹ ƒ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡‡ Ž‹’•‡Š‹•‡–Š‹  •–ƒ–—•ǡƒƒ‘ƒŽ›ˆ‘”Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‘˜‡Ž‹•–•‘ˆ–Š‡–‹‡Ǥ‡š—ƒŽ‹–›™ƒ•— Š ‘”‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–ǡ „—– ƒŽ•‘ ‘– †‡• ”‹„‡† ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ •‹’Ž‹•–‹  ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•Ǥ ƒ–Š‡”–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”‹•’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•‹Šƒ„‹–‹‰ƒƒ„‹‰—‘—•ƒ†•–‹ŽŽ—Ǧ Ž‡ƒ”‹†‡–‹–›ǡƒ†‡—’‘ˆ ‘ϐŽ‹ –‹‰ƒ† ‘–”ƒ†‹ –‘”›‡‘–‹‘•ǡ’”‡••—”‡• ƒ††‡•‹”‡•Ǥ›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡Žǡ‘‡ ƒ‘–•ƒ›–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”„‡Ž‘‰• –‘ƒ›‰‹˜‡‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ ƒ–‡‰‘”›‹•‹’Ž‹•–‹ ǡ•–ƒ–‹ ƒ†•–ƒ„Ž‡–‡”•Ǥ –‹•ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘†‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‘”ǯ• ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ•’ƒ ‡ƒ•‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡ –Š‡•‡—Ž–‹’Ž‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ƒ†‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡†„›–Š‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•–Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ–‡‡– ‘ˆ‡’ƒ–ŽƒǤ ‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ǡŠ‡‘ —’‹‡•ƒ•’ƒ ‡–Šƒ–‹•‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡–Š‡†‹Ǧ Š‘–‘‹‡•–Šƒ–±”‡œǦ‘””‡••–ƒ–‡†ǡ‹–Š‡‡š ‡”’–ƒ––Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‹• ’ƒ’‡”ǡ ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ‘„Œ‡ – ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ • Š‘Žƒ”ǯ• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ‰ƒœ‡Ǥ ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ –Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‹””‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ‰”‘—’•ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•ǡ ƒ —•‡ˆ—ŽŽ› ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡ ‘’Ž‡š •‘ ‹‡–ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•Ǥ ‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š • Š‘Žƒ”Ž› ™‘”ǡƒ –‹˜‹•ƒ†ƒ„”‘ƒ†•‘ ‹‡–ƒŽ†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ǡƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡• ƒŠ‡Ž’Dz”‡†”ƒ™ –Š‡„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•–Šƒ–•‡–—’†‹˜‹•‹‘•„‡–™‡‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡƒ –‹‘ǡƒ†„‡‹‰dz ȋ±”‡œǦ‘””‡•ʹͲͳͲǣͶͳͳȌǤŠ”‘—‰Š–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–‡š–••— Šƒ•City of Night, • Š‘Žƒ”• ƒ„”‘ƒ†‡•‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ ƒ–Ǧ ‡‰‘”‹‡•ƒ†ƒˆˆ‡ ––Š‡™ƒ›•‘ ‹‡–›’‡” ‡‹˜‡•‹–•‡ŽˆǤ –Š‹•ƒ‡”ǡCity of Night ‹•ƒ‘˜‡Ž–Šƒ–”‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‡•–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ•’ƒ ‡‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒƒ•‡–‹‘‡†ƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ Ž‘”‹ƒœƒŽ†ïƒ ”‹–‹“—‡† Š‡” ‘™ ‡•–‹œƒ –Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ •–ƒ ‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š ”‡‹ϐ‹‡• ‹†‡–‹–› ‹–‘ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡• –Šƒ–ƒ›‹••–Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡„‘”†‡”Žƒ†•‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡ„‘–Šϐ‹‰—”ƒǦ –‹˜‡ƒ†Ž‹–‡”ƒŽǤŠ‡‹†‹ ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–ƒ’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰ƒ–‹ •Š‹ˆ–‹•–ƒ‹‰’Žƒ ‡ǡƒ†ǡ ˆ‘”‹–•”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘City of Nightǡ–Š‡†‡• ”‹’–‹‘‹•™‘”–Š“—‘–‹‰ƒ–Ž‡‰–ŠǤ

91 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

‡•–ƒ†ƒ–ƒƒŒ‘”–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†‹–Š‡‡š–‡•‹‘‘ˆ ‘• ‹‘—•‡••ǡ ƒ—‰Š–‹ –Š‡”‡‘Ž‹‘•ȋ˜‘”–‹ ‡•Ȍ‘ˆ•›•–‡ƒ–‹  Šƒ‰‡ƒ ”‘••ƒŽŽϐ‹‡Ž†•‘ˆ‘™Ž‡†Ǧ ‰‡ǤŠ‡„‹ƒ”‹‡•‘ˆ ‘Ž‘”‡†Ȁ™Š‹–‡ǡˆ‡ƒŽ‡ȀƒŽ‡ǡ‹†Ȁ„‘†›ƒ”‡ ‘ŽŽƒ’•‹‰Ǥ ‹˜‹‰‹‡’ƒ–Žƒǡ–Š‡‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰•’ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‡” ‡’–‹‘•ƒ† „‡Ž‹‡ˆ•›•–‡•ǡ›‘—ƒ”‡ƒ™ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ”ƒ ‹ƒŽǡ‰‡†‡”ǡ•‡š—ƒŽǡ ƒ†‘–Š‡” ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•”‡†‡”‹‰–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ƒŽŽƒ„‡Ž‹‰•‘„•‘Ž‡–‡ǤŠ‘—‰Š –Š‡•‡ƒ”‹‰•ƒ”‡‘—–™‘”ƒ†‹ƒ —”ƒ–‡ǡ–Š‘•‡‹’‘™‡” ‘–‹—‡—•‹‰ –Š‡–‘•‹‰Ž‡‘—–ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‡–Š‘•‡™Š‘ƒ”‡Dz†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–dz„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ ‘Ž‘”ǡŽƒǦ ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ‘–‹‘•‘ˆ”‡ƒŽ‹–›ǡ‘”‘–Š‡”†‹˜‡”•‹–›ǤȋʹͲͲʹǣͷͶͳȌ

ˆ–Š‡‹†‹ ƒ–‹‘•–Šƒ–Š‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•‹•‘˜‹‰„‡›‘† ‘ ‡’–••— Šƒ• ‡•–‹œƒŒ‡ƒ†‹–‘ƒ‘”‡‡’ƒ–Ž‡”ƒ’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰ƒ”‡ ‘””‡ –ǡƒ•œƒŽ†ïƒƒ† ‘–Š‡”•Šƒ˜‡•—‰‰‡•–‡†ȋʹͲͲʹǢ‘‡‰‡Ž‡”Ǧ„†‹ʹͲͳ͵ȌǡCity of Nightƒ›’”‘˜‡ –‘ „‡ ƒ ‡› –‡š– ˆ‘” „‡––‡” —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ Š‘™ ‹†‡–‹–› ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ „‡ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽŽ›ˆ”ƒ‡†™‹–Š‘—–”‡Ž›‹‰‘–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ǡ‘” ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•Ǥ•‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡†‹–Š‹•’ƒ’‡”ǡCity of Nightǯ• ƒ””ƒ–‘”ƒ†ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ”‡ ‘•–”— –‡†•‘ƒ•–‘”‡’”‡•‡–—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†‹Ǧ „‡–™‡‡‡••„‡›‘†„‹ƒ”‹‡••— Šƒ•Š‘‘Ǧ‘”Š‡–‡”‘•‡š—ƒŽƒ†‡–Š‹ ‘” ‡”‹ ƒǤ –Š‹••‡•‡ǡ‡ Š›ǯ•™‘”‹‰Š–„‡–ƒ‡ƒ•ƒˆ‘”‘ˆ‡’ƒ–Žƒǡ ƒ†‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡•Š‘™City of Night ‘–‹—‡•–‘ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–†‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ ‡–•‹–Š‡ϐ‹‡Ž†‘ˆŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•ƒ†„‡›‘†Ǥ

REFERENCES AND SOURCES

 ‘•–ƒǡ• ƒ”‡–ƒǤͳͻ͹ʹǤThe Autobiography of a Brown BuffaloǤƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ǣ–”ƒ‹‰Š–””‘™ ‘‘•Ǥ  ‘•–ƒǡ• ƒ”‡–ƒǤȏͳͻ͹͵ȐͳͻͺͻǤThe Revolt of the Cockroach PeopleǤ‡™‘”ǣ‹–ƒ‰‡‘‘•Ǥ Žƒ” ‘ǡƒ‹‡Ž‘‘’‡”Ǥͳͻͻ͹ǤThe Aztec Palimpsest. in the Modern ImaginationǤ— Ǧ •‘ǣ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ”‹œ‘ƒ”‡••Ǥ Ž†ƒƒǡ ”‡†‡”‹ —‹•ǤʹͲͲͷǤBrown on Brown. Chicano/a Representations of Gender, Sexual- ity, and EthnicityǤ—•–‹ǣ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡šƒ•”‡••Ǥ œƒŽ†ïƒǡ Ž‘”‹ƒǤͳͻͺ͹ǤBorderlands/La Frontera. The New MestizaǤƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ǣ—–—–‡ ‘‘•Ǥ œƒŽ†ïƒǡ Ž‘”‹ƒƒ†ƒ‘—‹•‡‡ƒ–‹‰ǡ‡†•ǤʹͲͲʹǤThis Bridge We Call Home. Radical Visions for Transformation.‡™‘”ǣ‘—–Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ ƒ””‹‘•ǡ ”‡‰‰ǤʹͲͳ͵ǤDz ‹”•– ƒ›‘˜‡Žǡƒ‘‘”ƒ–‹‘‘›Š‘‘†ƒ†–Š‡‘ϐŽ—‡ ‡dzǤ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ›–‹‡•Ǥ ‘ȀʹͲͳ͵ȀͳʹȀͲͳȀ—•ȀƒǦϐ‹”•–Ǧ‰ƒ›Ǧ‘˜‡ŽǦƒǦ’‘‘”ǦŽƒ–‹‘Ǧ„‘›Š‘‘†Ǧ ƒ†Ǧ–Š‡Ǧ ‘ϐŽ—‡ ‡ǤŠ–Žǫ̴”αͲȋƒ ‡••‡†ͳͲ ƒ—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͷȌǤ ”— ‡Ǧ‘˜‘ƒǡ —ƒǤͳͻͺ͸ǤDz ‘‘•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†–Š‡Š‹ ƒ‘‘˜‡ŽdzǤConϔluenciaʹȀͳǣ͸ͻȂ͹͹Ǥ ƒ•‹ŽŽ‘ǡŠƒ”Ž‡•ǤʹͲͳ͵ǤDz ‹ˆ–›‡ƒ”•‘ˆ‡ Š›ǯ•Ǯ‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǯdzǤ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ƒ–ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀŽƒ”‡˜‹‡™‘ˆǦ „‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‡••ƒ›Ȁϐ‹ˆ–›Ǧ›‡ƒ”•Ǧ‘ˆǦ”‡ Š›•Ǧ ‹–›Ǧ‘ˆǦ‹‰Š–ȋƒ ‡••‡†ͳͲ ƒ—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͷȌǤ ƒ•–‹ŽŽ‘ǡ‡„”ƒǤͳͻͻͷǤDz—–Žƒ™‡•–Š‡–‹ •Ǥ –‡”˜‹‡™™‹–Š ‘Š‡ Š›ǤdzDiacriticsʹͷȀͳǣͳͳ͵Ȃ ͳʹͷǤȏŠ––’ǣȀȀ†šǤ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤʹ͵Ͳ͹ȀͶ͸ͷ͵͸ͺȐ

92 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

Š”‹•–‹ƒǡƒ”‡Ǥͳͻͻ͹ǤShow and Tell. Identity as Performance in U.S. Latino/a FictionǤŽ„—Ǧ “—‡”“—‡ǣ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡™‡š‹ ‘”‡••Ǥ Ž‹ˆˆ‘”†ǡ ƒ‡•Ǥͳͻͻ͹ǤRoutes. Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century.ƒ„”‹†‰‡ǡ ‘†‘ǣ ƒ”˜ƒ”†‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ ‡Ž‰ƒ†‹ŽŽ‘ǡ Š‡”‡•ƒǤ ʹͲͳͳǤ Spiritual Mestizaje. Religion, Gender, Race, and Nation in Con- temporary Chicana Narrative.—”Šƒǡ‘†‘ǣ—‡‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••ǤȏŠ––’ǣȀȀ†šǤ†‘‹Ǥ ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤͳʹͳͷȀͻ͹ͺͲͺʹʹ͵ͻͶ͵͸ͷȐ “ŽŽƒ•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ†‡œ–ŽždzǤͳͻ͸ͻǤ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ƒ–ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ™—Ǥ‡†—Ȁ̱‡ ŠƒȀ†‘ —‡–•Ȁ ’Žƒ̴†‡̴ƒœ–ŽƒǤ’†ˆȋƒ ‡••‡†ͳͲ ƒ—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͷȌǤ ƒ” Àƒǡ ƒ×Ǥ ʹͲͲ͵Ǥ Dz –‡”˜‹‡™ ™‹–Š ‘Š ‡ Š›dzǤ Chasqui ͵ʹȀͳǣ ͵ͻȂͶ͸Ǥ ȏŠ––’ǣȀȀ†šǤ†‘‹Ǥ ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤʹ͵Ͳ͹Ȁʹͻ͹Ͷͳ͹͸͸Ȑ ׏‡œǦ—‹Ó‘‡•ǡ —ƒǤ ʹͲͳͲǤ Dz‘™ƒ”† ƒ ‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡ ‘ Š‹ ƒ‘ ‹•–‘”›Ǥdz  The Chicano Studies Reader. An Anthology of Aztlž 1970–2010.Š‘Ǥ‘”‹‡‰ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡ‡†•Ǥ‘•‰Ž‡•ǣ Š‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–‡””‡••ǡʹͺȂ͹ͷǤ ‘œƒŽ‡•ǡ‘†‘Žˆ‘Dz‘”›dzǤͳͻ͸͹ǤDz ƒ ‘ƒ“—‹dzǤ ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ƒ–ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤŽƒ–‹ƒ‡”‹ ƒ•–—†Ǧ ‹‡•Ǥ‘”‰ȀŽƒ–‹‘•ȀŒ‘ƒ“—‹ǤŠ–ȋƒ ‡••‡†ͳͲ ƒ—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͷȌǤ ƒ‡•Ǧ ƒ” Àƒǡ ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ ʹͲͲͲǤ Dz”Ǥ ‘œ‘ǯ• ƒ”‹˜ƒŽǤ Š‡ ‡•–‹‘‹ƒŽ ƒ–‹”‡• ‘ˆ • ƒ” ‡–ƒ  ‘•–ƒdzǤ͹ʹȀ͵ǣͶ͸͵ȂͶͻ͵ǤȏŠ––’ǣȀȀ†šǤ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤͳʹͳͷȀͲͲͲʹͻͺ͵ͳǦ͹ʹǦ ͵ǦͶ͸͵Ȑ ‡”ž†‡œǡŽŽ‹‡ǤʹͲͲͻǤPostnationalism in Chicano/a Literature and CultureǤ—•–‹ǣ‹˜‡”Ǧ •‹–›‘ˆ‡šƒ•”‡••Ǥ ‡”ƒ†‡œǦ ƒ•‘ǡ‡–ŠǤʹͲͳͶǤDzŠ‡ –‘ˆ‡ƒ†‹‰ ‘Š‡ Š›Ǥ”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –‡”–‡š–•ƒ† ‡ƒ†‡”•dzǤ ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡• Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ— Ȁ‹–‡ȀͻͶͳʹ•ͺϐ„ ȋƒ ‡••‡† ʹͷ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͷȌǤ ‡ƒ–‹‰ǡ ƒ‘—‹•‡Ǥ ʹͲͲʹǤ Dz”‹–‹‰ǡ ‘Ž‹–‹ •ǡ ƒ† Žƒ• ‡•„‡”ƒ†ƒ•Ǥ Žƒ–‹ ƒ†‘ ‘ Ž‘”‹ƒ œƒŽ†ïƒǤdz  Chicana Leadership. The Frontiers ReaderǤ‘Žƒ†ƒ‹‡ƒ Ž‘”‡•‡–ƒŽǤǡ ‡†•Ǥ‹ ‘Žǣ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡„”ƒ•ƒ”‡••ǡͳʹͲȂͳͶ͵Ǥ ‡ƒ–‹‰ǡ ƒ‘—‹•‡ǡ ‡†Ǥ ʹͲͲͷǤ Entre Mundos/Among Worlds. New Perspectives on Gloria Anzaldúa.‡™‘”ǣƒŽ‰”ƒ˜‡ƒ ‹ŽŽƒǤ ‡ƒ–‹‰ǡƒ‘—‹•‡ǤʹͲͲͺǤDzǯ ǯƒ‹–‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹˜‡”•‡ǯǤ Ž‘”‹ƒœƒŽ†ïƒǯ•’‹”‹–—ƒŽ –‹˜‹• ƒ•ƒ–ƒŽ›•–ˆ‘”‘ ‹ƒŽŠƒ‰‡ǤdzFeminist Studies͵ͶȀͳȀʹǣͷ͵Ȃ͸ͻǤ ‡ƒ–‹‰ǡƒ‘—‹•‡ƒ† Ž‘”‹ƒ ‘œžŽ‡œǦג‡œǡ‡†•ǤʹͲͳͳǤ Bridging. How Gloria Anzaldúa’s Life and Work Transformed our OwnǤ—•–‹ǣ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡šƒ•”‡••Ǥ ‡”‘—ƒ ǡ ƒ Ǥȏͳͻͷ͹ȐʹͲͲ͵ǤOn the RoadǤ‡™‘”ǣ‡‰—‹Žƒ••‹ •Ǥ ‘‡‰‡Ž‡”Ǧ„†‹ǡ ƒ”–‹ƒǤ ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ DzŠ‹ˆ–‹‰ —„Œ‡ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ ‡•–‹œƒ•ǡ ‡’ƒ–Ž‡”ƒ•ǡ ƒ† Ž‘”‹ƒ œƒŽ†ïƒǯ•‡‰ƒ ›dzǤMELUS͵ͺȀʹǣ͹ͳȂͺͺǤȏŠ––’ǣȀȀ†šǤ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤͳͲͻ͵Ȁ‡Ž—•ȀŽ–Ͳͳ͸Ȑ ‡×ǡ—‹•ǤʹͲͲͶǤLa Llorona’s Children. Religion, Life, and Death in the U.S.-Mexican Border- lands.‡”‡Ž‡›ǡ‘•‰‡Ž‡•ǡ‘†‘ǣ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ”‡••Ǥ ƒ ‹‰ǡ ‘™ƒ”†Ǥͳͻͻ͸ǤDzŠ‡”‘–‡ƒ‹ ƒ”‡•“—‡dzǤ The Picaresque. Tradition and Displace- mentǤ ‹ƒ ƒ”Ž‘ƒ‹‘”‹‘ǡ‡†Ǥ‹‡ƒ’‘Ž‹•ǣ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‹‡•‘–ƒ”‡••ǡʹ͹͵ȂʹͻͳǤ ‡†‹ƒǡƒ”ƒǤʹͲͳͶǤDz‡’ƒ–Žƒ’‹”‹–—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ›ƒ–Š–‘–Š‡‘—” ‡ȋ•Ȍ‘ˆ ‡ƒŽ‹‰dzǤ Fleshing the Spirit. Spirituality and Activism in Chicana, Latina, and Indigenous Women’s Lives.Ž‹•ƒ ƒ ‹‘ƒ† ”‡‡ƒ”ƒǡ‡†•Ǥ — •‘ǣŠ‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ”‹œ‘ƒ”‡••ǡͳ͸͹Ȃͳͺ͸Ǥ ƒ˜ƒ””‘ǡ”ƒ†‘ǤʹͲͲͲǤ Unida Party. A Chicano Challenge to the U.S. Two-Party Dic- tatorship.Š‹Žƒ†‡Ž’Š‹ƒǣ‡’Ž‡‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ

93 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

‡Ž•‘ǡƒ—‡ŽǤͳͻͺ͵ǤDz ‘Š‡ Š›ǡ ƒ‡•ƒŽ†™‹ƒ†–Š‡‡”‹ ƒ‘—„Ž‡‹‘”‹–› ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡dzǤJournal of American Culture͸Ȁʹǣ͹ͲȂ͹ͶǤȏŠ––’ǣȀȀ†šǤ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤͳͳͳͳȀŒǤͳͷͶʹǦ ͹͵ͶǤͳͻͺ͵ǤͲ͸Ͳʹ̴͹ͲǤšȐ ‘”‹‡‰ƒǡŠ‘ǤʹͲͳͲǤDzŠ‡‹••‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”Š‹‰•dzǤ The Chicano Studies Reader. An An- thology of Aztlž 1970–2010.Š‘Ǥ‘”‹‡‰ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡ‡†•Ǥ‘•‰Ž‡•ǣŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡• ‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–‡””‡••ǡͳȂ͸Ǥ ”–‹œƒ›Ž‘”ǡŠ‡‹ŽƒǤͳͻͺʹǤFaultline.ƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ǣƒ‹ƒ†”‡••Ǥ ƒ”‡†‡•ǡ±”‹ ‘ǤͳͻͷͺǤ With His Pistol in His Hand. A Border Ballad and Its Hero. —•–‹ǣ ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡šƒ•”‡••Ǥ ‡ÓƒŽ‘•ƒǡ ‡”ƒ†‘ǤʹͲͳͲǤDz‘™ƒ”†ƒ’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡‡š‹ ƒ‡”‹ ƒdzǤ  The Chicano Studies Reader. An Anthology of Aztlž 1970–2010.Š‘Ǥ‘”‹‡‰ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡ‡†•Ǥ ‘•‰Ž‡•ǣŠ‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–‡””‡••ǡͳ͸Ȃʹ͹Ǥ ±”‡œǡƒ—”ƒǤʹͲͲ͹Ǥ. The Politics of Spiritual and Aesthetic AltaritiesǤ—”Šƒǣ —‡‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••ǤȏŠ––’ǣȀȀ†šǤ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤͳʹͳͷȀͻ͹ͺͲͺʹʹ͵ͺͻͺͺͲȐ ±”‡œǦ‘””‡•ǡ ƒˆƒ‡ŽǤ ʹͲͳͲǤ Dz‡ƒ’’‹‰ –Š‡ ‘”Ž†Ǥ –”‘†— –‹‘dzǤ  The Chicano Studies Reader. An Anthology of Aztlž 1970–2010.Š‘Ǥ‘”‹‡‰ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡ‡†•Ǥ‘•‰Ž‡•ǣ Š‹ ƒ‘–—†‹‡•‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–‡””‡••ǡͶͲͷȂͶͳͳǤ ‡ Š›ǡ ‘ŠǤȏͳͻ͸͵ȐͳͻͺͶǤCity of NightǤ‡™‘”ǣ ”‘˜‡”‡••Ǥ ‘†”‹‰—‡œǦ‹˜ƒ•ǡƒ‰‰‹‡ǡ‡†ǤʹͲͲͷǤ and World War IIǤ—•–‹ǣ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ‡šƒ•”‡••Ǥ ƒ”‰ƒ•ǡƒ”ƒ‰‘•ƒǤʹͲͲͷǤLabor Rights Are Civil Rights. Mexican American Workers in Twentieth- Century AmericaǤ”‹ ‡–‘ǣ”‹ ‡–‘‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ ‹‡‰‘ǡ–‘‹‘ǤͳͻͻͻǤDzŠ‡Žƒ ‡‘ˆ ƒ›ƒŽ‡Š‹ ƒ‘‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡‹—‡‡”Š‹ ƒƒȀ‘—Ž–—”ƒŽ ‘”dzǤDiscourseʹͳȀ͵ǣͳͳͳȂͳ͵ͳǤ

VIŠESTRUKOST CHICANO/A IDENTITETA I ME0USNOST U ROMANU CITY OF NIGHT JOHNA RECHYJA

‘˜‘‡•‡”ƒ†—ǡƒ–‡‡ŽŒ—Œ‹ā‡˜‡ƒƒŽ‹œ‡”‘ƒƒCity of Night ‘Šƒ‡ Š›Œƒǡ —†‹‘’‹•ƒ•’‡ƒ–ƒ—‘Œ‹ƒŒ‡–ƒŒ”‘ƒ„‹‘’”‡–Š‘†‹‘‰‹ŠŽŒ—«‹Š–”‡†‘˜ƒ —‹–‡”†‹• ‹’Ž‹ƒ”‘’‘†”—«Œ—Š‹ ƒ‘•–—†‹ŒƒǤ‹Œ‡«Œ‡ǡ’”‹Œ‡”‹ ‡ǡ‘’”‹ƒœ—ƒ”Ǧ ‰‹ƒŽ‹œ‹”ƒ‹Š ƒ•’‡ƒ–ƒ ‹•—•–˜ƒ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ ƒ ‡‡•‡ ‹ŒƒŽ‹•–‹«‹ ƒ«‹ –‡ •Š˜ƒ©ƒŒ‡ Š‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒ‹†‡–‹–‡–ƒ‹œ˜ƒ‘˜‹”ƒ–”ƒ†‹ ‹‘ƒŽ‹Šƒ–‡‰‘”‹Œƒǡ’‘•‡„‹ ‡斑•‡–‹«‡‡–Ǧ ‹«‘•–‹‹•‡•—ƒŽ‘•–‹Ǥ‡ Š›Œ‡˜’”‹’‘˜Œ‡†ƒ«‹ƒ†ƒ‡†‘Žƒœ‹†‘”Œ‡æ‡Œƒǡ’”‡†ƒŒ‡ ”‘ƒƒ‹œ‰Ž‡†—‘˜‹”‡ƒ‘bildungsromanǤe–‘˜‹æ‡ǡŽ‹‘˜‹‹œƒ‡”‹«‘‰’‘Ž—•˜‹Œ‡–ƒ ‘Œ‡’”‹’‘˜Œ‡†ƒ«—’‘œƒŒ‡ƒ‘—捃’”‘•–‹–—–ƒ—˜‘†‡•‡‡’‹œ‘†‘ǡ斑”‘ƒ«‹‹ •Ž‹«‹’‹ƒ”•‘”‘ƒ—Ǥ‡ Š›•–ƒŽ‘’‘–‘’ƒ˜ƒ’”‡–’‘•–ƒ˜‡‘Š‘‘•‡•—ƒŽ‘Œ ā‡ŽŒ‹ǡ «‹‡ †‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹œ‹”ƒ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ ‹Œ— ’”‹’‘˜Œ‡†ƒ«ƒ ƒ‘ Š‘‘•‡•—ƒŽ ƒǡ „‹•‡•—Ǧ ƒŽ ƒ‹Ž‹Š‡–‡”‘•‡•—ƒŽ ƒǡ•–˜ƒ”ƒŒ—©‹–ƒ‘‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ‹’”‘•–‘” ‡¯—•‘•–‹—‘Œ‡ ’”‹’‘˜Œ‡†ƒ« œƒ•‹‰—”‘ ‡ ’”‹’ƒ†ƒ ‹Œ‡†‘Œ Œƒ•‘ ‘†”‡¯‡‘Œ •‡•—ƒŽ‘Œ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹Œ‹Ǥ ‡ Š›Œ‡˜’”‹’‘˜Œ‡†ƒ«ǡƒ•—’”‘––”‡†‘˜‹ƒŠ‹ ƒ‘Ȁƒϐ‹ ‹Œ‡—–‘†‘„ƒǡ•˜‘Œ‡‡Ǧ •‹«‘Ǧƒ‡”‹«‘’‘”‹Œ‡Ž‘‘‡–‹”ƒ‡‹œ”ƒ˜‘ǡ—ƒŒ—Œ—©‹˜ƒā‘•–‡–‹«‘•–‹ȋ‘Œƒ Œ‡‹‰”ƒŽƒ’”‡•—†——Ž‘‰——ƒ•‹Œ‡’‘”‡–—Š‹ ƒ‘Ȍǡ斑«‹‹ƒ‘„‹•˜‘Œ‡’”‹’‘Ǧ

94 ”‹ ‡”‰ƒǡChicano/a Multiplicity and In-betweenness in John Rechy’s‹–›‘ˆ‹‰Š–ǤͷʹȀͳǡʹͲͳͷǡ’’͹ͳȂͻͷ

˜‹Œ‡†ƒŒ—†ƒ‘œƒ«ƒŒ‡˜‹æ‡•–”—‘•–‹‹‡¯—•‘•–‹Ǥƒ˜‡†‡‹•‡’”‘ ‡•‹—”ƒ†—•Œ‡Ǧ 斃Œ——‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ‹‘˜‹”nepantle–‡‘”‡–‹«ƒ”‡Š‹ ƒ‘•–—†‹Œƒǡ Ž‘”‹‡œƒŽ†ïƒǤ ƒ†©‡•–‘‰ƒ„‹–‹œƒ‹ŽŒ‹˜œƒ•–˜‡‹ ‹ƒ‘Œ‹•‡„ƒ˜‡–‡•–—ƒŽ‹‹œ˜‘”‹ƒ†ƒ„‹ ƒƒŽ‹œ‹”ƒŽ‹’”‹ƒœ‡˜‹æ‡•–”—‘•–‹‹‡¯—•‘•–‹ǡ‘†‘•‘•Š˜ƒ©ƒŒ‡–‡•–‘˜ƒƒ‘ƒǦ ”ƒ–‹˜ƒ‘Œ‹’”‘æ‹”—Œ—ƒ–‡‰‘”‹Œ‡‹†‡–‹–‡–ƒ’”‹Š˜ƒ©‡‡—ƒæ‹†”—æ–˜‹ƒǤ‘ƒCity of Night ’‘ƒœ—Œ‡†ƒƒ”ƒ–‹˜‹‘‰—’”‡†˜‹†Œ‡–‹˜ƒāƒ”‡–ƒŒƒ—•Š˜ƒ©ƒŒ—˜‹æ‡•–”—Ǧ ‹Š‹†‡–‹–‡–ƒ‹‡¯—•‘•–‹‡¯—œƒ•–˜‡‹ ‹ƒ‹—†”—æ–˜——‘’©‡Ǥ

ŽŒ—«‡”‹Œ‡«‹ǣnepantlaǡ˜‹æ‡•–”—‘•–ǡ‡¯—•‘•–ǡ ‘Š‡ Š›ǡŠ‹ ƒ‘•–—†‹Œ‹

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