Indian W a R Veterans
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
How the Civil War Became the Indian Wars
Price of Freedom: Stories of Sacrifice How the Civil War Became the Indian Wars New York Times Article By Boyd Cothran and Ari Kelman May 25, 2015 On Dec. 21, 1866, a year and a half after Gen. Robert E. Lee and Gen. Ulysses S. Grant ostensibly closed the book on the Civil War’s final chapter at Appomattox Court House, another soldier, Capt. William Fetterman, led cavalrymen from Fort Phil Kearny, a federal outpost in Wyoming, toward the base of the Big Horn range. The men planned to attack Indians who had reportedly been menacing local settlers. Instead, a group of Arapahos, Cheyennes and Lakotas, including a warrior named Crazy Horse, killed Fetterman and 80 of his men. It was the Army’s worst defeat on the Plains to date. The Civil War was over, but the Indian wars were just beginning. These two conflicts, long segregated in history and memory, were in fact intertwined. They both grew out of the process of establishing an American empire in the West. In 1860, competing visions of expansion transformed the presidential election into a referendum. Members of the Republican Party hearkened back to Jefferson’s dream of an “empire for liberty.” The United States, they said, should move west, leaving slavery behind. This free soil platform stood opposite the splintered Democrats’ insistence that slavery, unfettered by federal regulations, should be allowed to root itself in new soil. After Abraham Lincoln’s narrow victory, Southern states seceded, taking their congressional delegations with them. Never ones to let a serious crisis go to waste, leading Republicans seized the ensuing constitutional crisis as an opportunity to remake the nation’s political economy and geography. -
Moving Men and Supplies: Military Transportation on the Northern Great Plains, 1866-1891
Copyright © 1984 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. Moving Men and Supplies: Military Transportation on the Northern Great Plains, 1866-1891 GARY S. FREEDOM Copyright © 1984 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. Moving Men and Supplies 115 In the twenty-five years after the Civil War, the northern Great Plains was transformed from a frontier with limited trans- portation into a settled region with a complex transportation in- frastructure. In any assessment of this landscape modification, the military presence deserves consideration as an agent of change. In this period, 1866 to 1891, the army organized the terri- tories of Dakota and Montana into the Military Department of Dakota and established a network of forts that extended from the Red River to the Rockies and from the Canadian border to the Platte River (Figure 1). The isolation and vast distances between the individual forts on the northern Great Plains, and between this network and supply depots in the East, necessitated a com- plex transportation system to move men and materials. In order to facilitate these logistical operations, the military built a sys- tem of roads while protecting and utilizing established trails, waterways, and rail networks. Although the army had its own means of transport, for reasons of economy it preferred to em- 0 ver land freight wagons drawn by mules, 1885 Copyright © 1984 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. 116 South Dakota History ploy civilian carriers to move men and supplies on a contractual basis. Various modes of commercial transportation were used, in- cluding freight wagons, stage coaches, riverboats, and railroads. -
History of Navigation on the Yellowstone River
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1950 History of navigation on the Yellowstone River John Gordon MacDonald The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation MacDonald, John Gordon, "History of navigation on the Yellowstone River" (1950). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2565. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2565 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HISTORY of NAVIGATION ON THE YELLOWoTGriE RIVER by John G, ^acUonald______ Ë.À., Jamestown College, 1937 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Mas ter of Arts. Montana State University 1950 Approved: Q cxajJL 0. Chaiinmaban of Board of Examiners auaue ocnool UMI Number: EP36086 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Ois8<irtatk>n PuUishing UMI EP36086 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. -
The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885
The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885 (Article begins on page 2 below.) This article is copyrighted by History Nebraska (formerly the Nebraska State Historical Society). You may download it for your personal use. For permission to re-use materials, or for photo ordering information, see: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/re-use-nshs-materials Learn more about Nebraska History (and search articles) here: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/nebraska-history-magazine History Nebraska members receive four issues of Nebraska History annually: https://history.nebraska.gov/get-involved/membership Full Citation: Ray H. Mattison, “The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885,” Nebraska History 35 (1954): 17-43 Article Summary: Frontier garrisons played a significant role in the development of the West even though their military effectiveness has been questioned. The author describes daily life on the posts, which provided protection to the emigrants heading west and kept the roads open. Note: A list of military posts in the Northern Plains follows the article. Cataloging Information: Photographs / Images: map of Army posts in the Northern Plains states, 1860-1895; Fort Laramie c. 1884; Fort Totten, Dakota Territory, c. 1867 THE ARMY POST ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS, 1865-1885 BY RAY H. MATTISON HE opening of the Oregon Trail, together with the dis covery of gold in California and the cession of the TMexican Territory to the United States in 1848, re sulted in a great migration to the trans-Mississippi West. As a result, a new line of military posts was needed to guard the emigrant and supply trains as well as to furnish protection for the Overland Mail and the new settlements.1 The wiping out of Lt. -
Montana GAR Posts & History
Grand Army of the Republic Posts - Historical Summary National GAR Records Program - Historical Summary of Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) Posts by State MONTANA Prepared by the National Organization SONS OF UNION VETERANS OF THE CIVIL WAR INCORPORATED BY ACT OF CONGRESS No. Alt. Post Name Location County Dept. Post Namesake Meeting Place(s) Organized Last Mentioned Notes Source(s) No. PLEASE NOTE: The GAR Post History section is a work in progress (begun 2013). More data will be added at a future date. 000 (Department) N/A N/A MT Org. 10 March Ended 1940 Provisional Department of the Territory of Montana organized as The Montana Post (Virginia 1885 early as 22 June 1867. Montana and Dakota were assigned to the City), 22 June 1867; Beath, Department of the Mountains in March 1878, until it was 1889; Carnahan, 1893; discontinued in 1882. Provisional Department of Montana National Encampment organized in 1885. Permanent Department of Montana organized Proceedings, 1940 10 March 1885. The Department came to an end in July 1940 with the death of its last member. 001 Post No. 1 Virginia City Madison MT No namesake. Known only by its Court Room (1867) In existence as early as June 1867. The Montana Post (Virginia number. City), 15 June 1867 001 Myles W. Keogh Fort Keogh Custer CO/WY CPT Myles Walter Keogh (1840- Org. 1878 About forty original members. One of the five original Posts in the Smiley, J. C., 1901, History of 1876), Co. I, 7th US Cav. (post Mountain Department (later Colorado and Wyoming). Denver; Warhank, J. -
CUSTER BATTLEFIELD National Monument Montana (Now Little Bighorn Battlefield)
CUSTER BATTLEFIELD National Monument Montana (now Little Bighorn Battlefield) by Robert M. Utley National Park Service Historical Handbook Series No. 1 Washington, D.C. 1969 Contents a. A CUSTER PROFILE b. CUSTER'S LAST STAND 1. Campaign of 1876 2. Indian Movements 3. Plan of Action 4. March to the Little Bighorn 5. Reno Attacks 6. The Annihilation of Custer 7. Reno Besieged 8. Rescue 9. Collapse of the Sioux 10. Custer Battlefield Today 11. Campaign Maps c. APPENDIXES I. Officers of the 7th Cavalry at the Battle of the Little Bighorn II. Low Dog's Account of the Battle III. Gall's Account of the Battle IV. A Participant's Account of Major Reno's Battle d. CUSTER'S LAST CAMPAIGN: A PHOTOGRAPHIC ESSAY e. THE ART AND THE ARTIST f. ADMINISTRATION For additional information, visit the Web site for Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument or view their Official National Park Handbook (#132): Historical Handbook Number One 1969 The publication of this handbook was made possible by a grant from the Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association, Inc. This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing the historical and archeological areas in the National Park System administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Price lists of Park Service publications sold by the Government Printing Office may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402. The National Park System, of which Custer Battlefield National Monument is a unit, is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people. -
Native Americans Notebook Pages: the Plains Indian Wars
Plains Indian Wars Cheyenne & Sioux Notebook Pages "They made us many promises, more than I can remember. But they kept but one--They promised to take our land...and they took it." ~Red Cloud (pictured below right) Above left: An 1899 chromolithograph of US cavalry pursuing Native Americans, artist unknown Made by Liesl at homeschoolden.com Sand Creek Massacre, also known as Chivington massacre, the Battle of Sand Creek or the massacre of Cheyenne Indians) Red Cloud’s War, also known as Bozeman War or the Powder River War Red Cloud, pictured right: Photo by Charles Milton Bell Battle of the Hundred Slain/Fetterman Fight: Great Sioux War of 1876, also known as the Black Hills War . Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as Custer’s Last Stand: Made by Liesl at homeschoolden.com Wild West Show They did re-enactments of famous battles (such as the death of Custer) below: Ghost Dance of 1890 Made by Liesl at homeschoolden.com Death of Sitting Bull: Wounded Knee Made by Liesl at homeschoolden.com Below are some rough notes… We read Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West – Adapted for Young Readers (affiliate link) by Amy Ehrlich, Dee Brown (approximately 180 pages) which covered all of these events (and much, much more). Pages 53 to 180 cover the Cheyenne and Sioux Indians. The kids used the notebook pages (above) to write in what they had learned. I’ve included some rough (but incomplete) notes below as a starting point for you. These are definitely not complete notes; they’re just provided for your convenience!! ~Liesl homeschoolden.com -
Red Cloud's Warriors
Maranatha Baptist Bible College Red Cloud’s War: The Northern Plains Rebellion (1866-1868) Submitted to: William Licht Native American History HUHI 335 February 26, 2011 By Jason Garrison 2 Deep in the Black Hills of Montana, the Lakota tribe made quite a statement against the United States Military. As one of the few seemingly successful Indian revolts, the Northern Plains Rebellion of 1866 established Red Cloud and the Lakota Sioux Indians as a legitimate force to be reckoned with in the west. After a series of grievances against him, the Lakota leader, Chief Red Cloud, commanded a force of warriors that not only fought, but also were victorious against the American military. Red Cloud, justified in his actions based on greedy decisions by the United States, led one of the greatest attacks on the Americans that had ever been devised by the Native Americans. The Lakota people had a rich heritage that was intimately tied to the Black Hills. Archeological evidence suggests that the Lakota were known for their expertise in hunting large game. With buffalo being the desired species, the Lakota were among the first to use the bow and arrow, making the spear technology of the time obsolete. In the 1700s, the Lakota tribe began to migrate with the buffalo west and settle the area now known as the Black Hills. After receiving firearms from the Europeans, they began to fiercely protect the territory by forcefully driving other Native American tribes away from the area. The foremost motivation for the Lakota to stay on the land was buffalo.1 The herds provided a constant source of food for the tribe, creating a strong tie between the herds of buffalo and the Lakota people. -
Fort Phil Kearny Was Established at Fights Took Place in the Area
LOCATION From I-90, take exit 44. WYOMING STATE PARKS, HISTORIC SITES & TRAILS SITE RULES • No overnight Camping available. Fort • Removal of artifacts or natural resources is prohibited. • Do not discharge firearms. • Please leash pets. Phil Kearny • Please don’t pick plants or flowers. • Please use available receptacles for litter. • Consult site staff for state parks regulations. Historic Site HISTORY: 1866‑1868 hunting grounds on the Northern Plains. Besides the Named for a popular Union general killed in the Fetterman and Wagon Box battles, many smaller Civil War, Fort Phil Kearny was established at fights took place in the area. the forks of Big and Little Piney Creeks by Col. By 1868, the Union Pacific Railroad had reached th Henry B. Carrington of the 18 U.S. Infantry in a point to the west where travelers could bypass July 1866. the Bozeman Trail forts’ expensive liabilities. In The mission of the fort and two other posts along the Treaty of 1868, the United States agreed to the Bozeman Trail, Forts Reno and C.F. Smith, was close the forts and the trail. Fort Phil Kearny was three-fold: to protect travelers on the Trail; to pre- abandoned by the Army in early August 1868, and vent intertribal warfare between Native Americans burned soon afterwards by the Cheyenne. in the area; and to draw attention of Indian forces In 1963, Fort Phil Kearny was designated a National opposed to Euro-American westward expansion Historic Landmark. Today, portions of the fort site BOZEMAN TRAIL DAYS away from the transcontinental railroad construc- and the Fetterman and Wagon Box battlefields are Friday, Saturday and Sunday annually, during Fort Phil Kearny State Historic Site tion corridor to the south. -
The Military Frontier on the Upper Missouri
The Military Frontier on the Upper Missouri (Article begins on page 2 below.) This article is copyrighted by History Nebraska (formerly the Nebraska State Historical Society). You may download it for your personal use. For permission to re-use materials, or for photo ordering information, see: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/re-use-nshs-materials Learn more about Nebraska History (and search articles) here: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/nebraska-history-magazine History Nebraska members receive four issues of Nebraska History annually: https://history.nebraska.gov/get-involved/membership Full Citation: Ray H Mattison, “The Military Frontier on the Upper Missouri,” Nebraska History 37 (1956): 159- 182 Article Summary: Many military posts were built on the Upper Missouri at the beginning of the nineteenth century as the United States struggled to keep its frontier secure against various Indian tribes. The Army gradually abandoned the posts as the Indian frontier disappeared. Cataloging Information: Names: Manuel Lisa, Henry Atkinson, J L Grattan, William S Harney, G K Warren, John Pope, Henry H Sibley, Alfred H Sully, P H Sheridan, Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull Trading Companies: Missouri Fur Company, Rocky Mountain Fur Company, American Fur Company Army Posts: Camp Missouri (later Cantonment Missouri), Fort Atkinson, Fort Yates, Fort Rice, Fort Benton, Fort Stevenson, Fort Hale, Fort Bennett, Fort Shaw, Fort Lookout, Fort Randall, Fort Sully, Fort Buford, Camp Poplar, Fort Omaha Keywords: Arikara, Sioux, Cheyenne, Treaty of 1868, “Custer Massacre,” Bighorn, Ghost Dance Rebellion Photographs / Images: interior of Fort Rice, Dakota Territory; Fort Abraham Lincoln, near Bismarck, North Dakota; Fort Hale, near Chamberlain, South Dakota; Battalion, Twenty-Fifth US Infantry, Fort Randall THE MILITARY FRONTIER ON THE UPPER MISSOURI BY RAY H. -
The Plains Forts: a Harsh Environment
Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: The Plains Forts: A Harsh Environment Full Citation: John D McDermott, “The Plains Forts: A Harsh Environment,” Nebraska History 91 (2010): 2-15 URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/NH2010Forts.pdf Date: 7/28/2014 Article Summary: The US Army had an almost impossible task to perform during the last half of the nineteenth century. Fewer than 15,000 men guarded some 3,000 miles of frontier and an equal length of seacoast. Cataloging Information: Names: William Bisbee, George Holliday, Mrs Andrew S Burt, Mary Rippey Heistand, Gerhard Stullken, Edward W Johns Military Installations: Fort Harker, Kansas; Fort Custer and Camp Poplar River, Montana; Fort Robinson and Fort Kearny, Nebraska; Fort Buford and Fort Union, North Dakota; Fort Phil Kearny, Fort Caspar, Fort Laramie and Fort Fred Steele, Wyoming Keywords: quarters, blizzards, hail, mosquitoes, -
Section 3 Northeast Area Including Sheridan, Buffalo, Dayton, Gillette, and Newcastle
SECTION 3 NORTHEAST AREA INCLUDING SHERIDAN, BUFFALO, DAYTON, GILLETTE, AND NEWCASTLE 184 wagons, a contingent of Pawnee scouts, nearly 500 cavalrymen, and the aging Jim Bridger as guide. His column was one of three comprising the Powder River Indian Expedition sent to secure the Bozeman and other emigrant trails leading to the Montana mining fields. During the Battle of Tongue River, Connor was able to inflict serious damage on the Arapahos, but an aggressive counter attack forced him to retreat back to the newly estab- lished Fort Connor (later renamed Reno) on the banks of the Powder River. There he received word that he had been reassigned to his old command in the District of Utah. The Powder River Expedition, one of the most comprehensive campaigns against the Plains Indians, never completely succeeded. Connor had planned a complex operation only to be defeated by bad weather, inhospitable ter- Section 3 rain, and hostile Indians. Long term effects of the Expedition proved detrimental to the inter- ests of the Powder River tribes. The Army, with the establishment of Fort Connor (Reno) increased public awareness of this area which Devils Tower near Sundance. in turn caused more emigrants to use the Bozeman Trail. This led to public demand for government protection of travelers on their way 1 Food, Lodging T Connor Battlefield State to Montana gold fields. Historic Site Ranchester In Ranchester Pop. 701, Elev. 3,775 Once the site of a bloody battle when General Named by English born senator, D.H. Hardin, Patrick E. Connor’s army attacked and destroyed Ranchester was the site of two significant battles Arapahoe Chief Black Bear’s settlement of 250 during the Plains Indian Wars.