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Improvement of Water Management Practices in Balkh Canal Service Area

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Improvement of Water Management Practices in Balkh Canal Service Area IMPROVEMENT OF WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN BALKH CANAL SERVICE AREA BALKH DISTRICT, BALKH PROVINCE, AFGHANISTAN Hameedullah Ahmadzai September, 2011 Research Project Submitted to Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in Land and Water management Wageningen The Netherlands Copyright Hameedullah Ahmadzai, 2011 All rights reserved PERMISSION TO USE All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this Information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this research project should be addressed to: Director of Research Larenstein University of Applied sciences Part of Wageningen UR Forum-Gebouw 102 Droevendaalsesteeg 2 6708 PB, Wageningen Post box 411 Tel: +31 31 7486230 Fax: +31 31 7484884 i ACKNOWLEGEMENT Writing a thesis is singularly hard work, but is far from being a solo effort. First I would like to thank Allah for his almighty, guideless peace who provided me with the opportunity and strength to accomplish this work. I am grateful to The Netherlands Fellowship Program for awarding me the scholarship to pursue my Master studies at Van Hall Larestein University of Applied Sciences. I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Mr. Henk Van Hoof Lecturer of the Land and Water Management Department in Velp University for his unreserved assistance, guidance throughout the preparation of this thesis. I wish to acknowledge Dr. Robert Baars Master Coordinator of Fellowship program and Coordinator of Land and Water Management Specialization for his valuable and kind guidance during the study and in the concept of data collection and thesis writing. I wish to extend my thanks to Mr. Marco Verschuur and other lecturers for their support and guidance during the study period. I also take the opportunity of thanking to all the staff of Van Hall Larenstein Applied University for providing me a friendly working atmosphere during my study. Finally I sincerely thank my parents and family for supporting me throughout the entire masters’ study. Hameedullah Ahmadzai September, 2011 ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my dear father, Sher Mohammad who has been always inspired and supported me in getting knowledge. This is also dedicated to my beloved mother who has given me real love and never forgotten from her pray. I wish to dedicate this thesis to millions of innocent Afghans martyred and their Widows and Orphans during the war in Afghanistan. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PERMISSION TO USE .............................................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEGEMENT ............................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF MAPS ......................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF IMAGES ..................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLE ........................................................................................................................................ vii ABREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... viii GLOSSARY AND TECHINCAL TERMS ............................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background information .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Problem Statement ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Objective .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4. Research Questions ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.1. Main Question .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 Specific Questions ................................................................................................................... 5 1.5. Expected output .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.6. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework ..................................................................................... 5 1.7. Limitation of the study .................................................................................................................... 6 1.8. Outline of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 6 CHAPTER 2 RIVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................................ 8 3.1 Population growth ............................................................................................................................ 8 3.2. The way to satisfy food demand .................................................................................................. 9 3.2.1. Increased Irrigated Area Production ...................................................................................... 10 3.3. Crop water productivity ................................................................................................................ 11 3.4 Principles of Water Allocation ...................................................................................................... 11 3.5 Irrigation Water Management ...................................................................................................... 12 3.5.1. Equity ...................................................................................................................................... 15 iv 2.5.2. Flexibility ................................................................................................................................. 15 2.5.3 Reliability ..................................................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................................... 17 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 17 3.1 Study area....................................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.1 Command Area Map of Right Balkh Canal ............................................................................ 18 Source: Field work ............................................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Research Methods and approach ............................................................................................... 19 3.2.1. Literature Review .................................................................................................................. 19 3.2.2. Selection of the study area .................................................................................................. 20 3.2.3. Field Work .............................................................................................................................. 20 3.2.4 Interview ................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.5 Screening and Analyzing of Irrigation Service in Selected Scheme .............................. 20 3.2.6. Result, Conclusion and Recommendation ........................................................................ 22 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................... 23 4.1 Crops ............................................................................................................................................... 23 4. 1.1 Cropping Pattern ..................................................................................................................
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