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1 Article Journal-Health, Education and Welfare December 2018 Vol.2 No.3 1-8 Gender perspective in university students. A review of your perceptions and academic trajectories Perspectiva de género en estudiantes universitarios. Una revisión de sus percepciones y trayectorias académicas GUERRERO-AZPEITIA, Luis Arturo†* Universidad Politécnica Metropolitana de Hidalgo ID 1st Author: Luis Arturo, Guerrero-Azpeitia / ORC ID: 0000-0002-8905-7243, Researcher ID Thomson: P-3905-2018, CVU CONACYT ID: 653267 Received July 28, 2018; Accepted September 30, 2018 Abstract Resumen This article aimed to characterize the perceptions of Este artículo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las university students with regard to the gender perspective percepciones de estudiantes universitarios respecto a la according to their academic trajectories. To achieve this perspectiva de género en función de sus trayectorias goal, the object of study was constructed from a académicas. Para lograr tal cometido, el objeto de estudio sociological perspective based on the theoretical proposal se construyó desde una perspectiva sociológica basada en of Bourdieu in order to articulate the objective conditions la propuesta teórica de Bourdieu a fin de articular las and the corresponding production of subjectivity condiciones objetivas y la correspondiente producción de (opinions, beliefs and perceptions) of university students subjetividad (opiniones, creencias y percepciones) de in two institutions of polytechnic education. estudiantes universitarios en dos instituciones de Methodologically, the research was supported in a educación politécnica. Metodológicamente, el trabajo de compared perspective that recovered quantitative investigación se sustentó en una perspectiva comparada techniques for the analysis of data such as multiple que recuperó técnicas cuantitativas para el análisis de los correspondence analysis and multiple stepping. The main datos tales como el análisis de correspondencias múltiples results show the relationship between that the students y el escalonamiento múltiple. Los principales resultados show about the gender perspective and those conditions dan cuenta de la relación que existe entre las percepciones such as the academic trajectory and the socioeconomic que los estudiantes manifiestan respecto a la perspectiva context, consequently of the main conclusions the de género y aquellas condiciones tales como la trayectoria importance of the study of the gender perspective is académica y el contexto socioeconómico, en consecuencia, highlighted by the recovery of the objective conditions of de las principales conclusiones se destaca la importancia the social agents. These contributions provide both a que reviste para el estudio de la perspectiva de género la description of the gender perspective and those elements to recuperación de las condiciones objetivas de los agentes understand perceptions as a product of the objective sociales. Estas aportaciones proveen tanto una descripción conditions. de la perspectiva de género como aquellos elementos para comprender las percepciones como producto de las Gender perspective, subjectivity, academic trajectories condiciones objetivas. Perspectiva de género, subjetividad, trayectorias académicas Citation: GUERRERO-AZPEITIA, Luis Arturo. Gender perspective in university students. A review of your perceptions and academic trajectories. Journal Health, Education and Welfare 2018, 2-3: 1-8 * Correspondence to Author (email: [email protected]) † Researcher contributing first author ©RINOE Journal-Bolivia www.rinoe.org/bolivia 2 Article Journal-Health, Education and Welfare December 2018 Vol.2 No.3 1-8 Introduction Subsequently, the section associated with the analysis of results is presented, where The importance of the study of the gender the main differences and similarities between perspective as a category of analysis in the students of the selected analysis units are social sciences allows us to identify the spaces identified; a fifth section corresponds to the of inequality, injustice and inequality between conclusions, where the importance of the men and women and, although they have the sociocultural context and the baccalaureate of same rights at birth and throughout their lives, origin in the perceptions of the social agents are are the characteristics derived from an given; finally, some contributions and androcentric culture that establishes roles and recommendations are issued. stereotypes that condition opportunities and differences for both sexes (Camarena, Saavedra It should be mentioned that, as the and Ducloux (2015). reader will be able to review, an articulation was sought between the theoretical perspective, On the other hand, the approaches in the the methodological bet of the comparative feminist theory in the educational field are method and the techniques of multivariate based on the classical positions such as the analysis, since all of them are of a relational liberal, the socialist and the radical, as well as nature, which ensures a treatment and the postmodern; in relation to the liberal it is construction of the data from this perspective. conceived that the priorities are socialization, In this sense, in addition to the above, the main equality of opportunities and sex stereotypes contribution lies in the study of subjectivity and sexual discrimination processes. Regarding mediated through the perceptions of university the socialist approach, its character is liberating students from objective conditions. and the dissertation associated with the role of women in economic and family terms and, with This way of approaching the object of respect to the radical approach, advocates the study allowed to rescue objective techniques as repeal of patriarchal structures as well as the a means to study subjectivity in the social study of school regulations and the monopoly agents under study, which presupposes a not of knowledge (Gil, 2008). only relational approach, but also with a statistical rigor in its concretion even when the In this context, the article presented here scope of the present study is interpretive cut. aimed to characterize the perceptions of university students in relation to the gender Theoretical-conceptual references perspective according to their academic trajectories, specifically in terms of the For Bourdieu (1979) there is an articulation baccalaureate of origin and the corresponding between the objective conditions and the training area. The research questions were, corresponding production of subjectivity what are the perceptions of university students (opinions, beliefs, emotions and perceptions) of regarding the gender perspective? What relation social agents. Consequently, the author suggests does the sociocultural context have with these that in order to study the subjective or lived perceptions? Are there differences in the sense, it is necessary to know and recognize perceptions of students from two different those objective conditions that are precursors. regions of the country, but from the same educational subsystem? However, we must avoid the temptation to consider an antagonistic perspective between To achieve the stated objective and objectivity and subjectivity, in this way not answer the research questions, the article was only the interdependence between them is organized around different sections, the first of focused, but a dialectical relationship is which corresponds to the theoretical-conceptual assumed, since the social exists in both referents, where Bourdieu's theoretical structures external as in those considered as commitment is mainly recovered, for whom the social structures, that is, history made practical sense is the concretion of the objective institution and history made body respectively sense and the lived sense; in a second section, (Gutiérrez, 1997). the methodological resources of a relational nature are established, such is the case of the comparative method and the multivariate analysis. GUERRERO-AZPEITIA, Luis Arturo. Gender perspective in ISSN-2524-2075 RINOE® All rights reverved university students. A review of your perceptions and academic trajectories. Journal Health, Education and Welfare 2018 3 Article Journal-Health, Education and Welfare December 2018 Vol.2 No.3 1-8 Other authors such as Casañeda (2009) Methodology conceive in the recovery of the subject from a biological, cognitive, social and cultural basis; In order to achieve the objective, the present where it is also assumed as a product, but at the work was based on a comparative perspective same time as a producer of a reproductive that recovered quantitative techniques for the process in which it is necessary to recover the analysis of data such as multiple cited bases that favor the understanding of their correspondence analysis. own social practice. Multiple staging for the treatment and The structure that Bourdieu proposes for analysis of perceptions, as elements subjective, the study of social practices results in the of the social agents under study. integration of the objective sense and the subjective sense as a practical sense, the first of According to Guerrero (2017) the study them regulated by what he calls the field, which of subjectivity can be approached from a in turn causes the social agents to occupy a a perspective of comparative education, but certain position, while the second is constituted taking into consideration the objective by capital in addition to the habitus and gives conditions as producers of subjectivity as rise