OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
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OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training A Learning for Jobs Review of Mexico Viktória Kis, Kathrin Hoeckel, Paulo Santiago July 2009 OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training A Learning for Jobs Review of Mexico 2009 Viktória Kis, Kathrin Hoeckel and Paulo Santiago This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. ISBN 978-92-64-11388-6 (PDF) Series: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training ISSN 2077-7736 (online) Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD 2009 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. TABLE OF CONTENTS – 3 Table of contents Summary: strengths, challenges and recommendations ......................................................................... 5 Strengths .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Challenges ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 The OECD policy review of Mexico .................................................................................................. 8 1.2 The structure of the report ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 A snapshot of the system ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Strengths and challenges ................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2 Policy recommendations ....................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Consultative arrangements to engage employers and develop VET policy ...................................... 14 2.2 Practical training in workplaces ........................................................................................................ 19 2.3 Enhancing competences in the VET workforce ................................................................................ 26 2.4 A national vocational qualifications framework ............................................................................... 33 2.5 Availability and use of VET information .......................................................................................... 39 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................... 47 References .................................................................................................................................................. 48 Annex A Background information ......................................................................................................... 53 1. Terms of reference for Mexico ............................................................................................................ 53 2. Biographical information .................................................................................................................... 54 3. Programme of the review visit ............................................................................................................ 55 Annex B International and national statistics ....................................................................................... 57 Annex C QualiCarte ................................................................................................................................. 63 Tables Table 1.1: Subsystems and schools in Mexican upper secondary VET ..................................................... 11 Table 2.1: Students receiving training with local business ........................................................................ 19 Table 2.2: How governments and employers support workplace training ................................................. 26 Table 2.3: Proportion of fully certified teachers ........................................................................................ 27 Table 2.4: Main dimensions in the design of qualifications frameworks .................................................. 37 Table B.1: Enrolment rates, by age ............................................................................................................ 57 Table B.2: Performance of 15-year-olds in science, reading and mathematics ......................................... 59 Table B.3: Enrolment in upper secondary VET in Mexico by school maintainer ..................................... 60 OECD REVIEWS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING. A LEARNING FOR JOBS REVIEW OF MEXICO © OECD 2009 4 – TABLE OF CONTENTS Figures Figure 1.1: Enrolments in upper secondary VET in Mexico ..................................................................... 10 Figure 2.1: Simplified national framework for industry involvement in VET .......................................... 15 Figure 2.2: Relationship between subsystems and a vocational qualification framework ......................... 36 Figure B.1: Enrolment in upper secondary VET in Mexico by school maintainer (percentages) ............. 60 Figure B.2: Drop-out rates ......................................................................................................................... 60 Figure B.3: Terminal efficiency ................................................................................................................. 61 Figure B.4: Educational level of teachers in upper secondary VET .......................................................... 61 Figure B.5: Regulations on temporary forms of employment ................................................................... 62 Boxes Box 1.1: Learning for Jobs: the OECD policy study of vocational education and training ........................ 8 Box 2.1: Institutional mechanisms for employer involvement in VET ..................................................... 17 Box 2.2: Quality control of workplace training in Switzerland ................................................................. 23 Box 2.3: Contracts for workplace training ................................................................................................. 24 Box 2.4: External bodies involved in apprenticeship training ................................................................... 25 Box 2.5: School-industry co-operation to improve the VET teacher and trainer workforce .................... 29 Box 2.6: Training VET teachers in Switzerland ........................................................................................ 31 Box 2.7: The training of apprentice supervisors in Switzerland ................................................................ 32 Box 2.8: Optional training for apprentice supervisors in Norway ............................................................. 32 Box 2.9: Qualifications frameworks and qualifications systems ............................................................... 35 Box 2.10: The School Leavers’ Survey in Ireland ..................................................................................... 43 Box 2.11: Joint career advice by schools and employment offices in Germany ....................................... 44 Box 2.12: National VET Research Institutes ............................................................................................. 45 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Mexican Review took place in September and October 2008. The OECD is very grateful to the national co-ordinators, Deni Sánchez Hernández and Juan Manuel Martínez de la Calle, for their work in providing information and advice and organising the visit. We would also like to thank the many people in different parts of the country who, during our visit, gave their time to welcome us at their schools and other institutions and answer our questions. OECD REVIEWS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING. A LEARNING FOR JOBS REVIEW OF MEXICO © OECD 2009 SUMMARY: STRENGTHS, CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS – 5 Summary: strengths, challenges and recommendations This review of vocational education and training (VET) in Mexico is part of “Learning for Jobs”, the OECD policy study of VET, a programme of analytical work and individual country reviews designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive