INSIGHTS INTO RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RODENT LINEAGES BASED on MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME SEQUENCE DATA a Dissertation by LAURENCE JOHN FR
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Classification of Mammals 61
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORCHAPTER SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Classification © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 4 NOT FORof SALE MammalsOR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 2ND PAGES 9781284032093_CH04_0060.indd 60 8/28/13 12:08 PM CHAPTER 4: Classification of Mammals 61 © Jones Despite& Bartlett their Learning,remarkable success, LLC mammals are much less© Jones stress & onBartlett the taxonomic Learning, aspect LLCof mammalogy, but rather as diverse than are most invertebrate groups. This is probably an attempt to provide students with sufficient information NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FORattributable SALE OR to theirDISTRIBUTION far greater individual size, to the high on the various kinds of mammals to make the subsequent energy requirements of endothermy, and thus to the inabil- discussions of mammalian biology meaningful. -
Revision of the Mole Genus Mogera (Mammalia: Lipotyphla: Talpidae)
Systematics and Biodiversity 5 (2): 223–240 Issued 25 May 2007 doi:10.1017/S1477200006002271 Printed in the United Kingdom C The Natural History Museum Shin-ichiro Kawada1, 6 , Akio Shinohara2 , Shuji Revision of the mole genus Mogera Kobayashi3 , Masashi Harada4 ,Sen-ichiOda1 & (Mammalia: Lipotyphla: Talpidae) Liang-Kong Lin5 ∗ 1Laboratory of Animal from Taiwan Management and Resources, Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan Abstract We surveyed the central mountains and southeastern region of Taiwan 2Department of Bio-resources, and collected 11 specimens of a new species of mole, genus Mogera. The specimens Division of Biotechnology, were characterized by a small body size, dark fur, a protruding snout, and a long Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki tail; these characteristics are distinct from those of the Taiwanese lowland mole, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, M. insularis (Swinhoe, 1862). A phylogenetic study of morphological, karyological Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan 3Department of Asian Studies, and molecular characters revealed that Taiwanese moles should be classified as two Chukyo Woman’s University, distinctive species: M. insularis from the northern and western lowlands and the new Yokone-cho, Aichi 474-0011, species from the central mountains and the east and south of Taiwan. The skull of Japan 4Laboratory Animal Center, the new species was slender and delicate compared to that of M. insularis. Although Osaka City University Graduate the karyotypes of two species were identical, the genetic distance between them School of Medical School, Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan was sufficient to justify considering each as a separate species. Here, we present a 5Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology, detailed specific description of the new species and discuss the relationship between Department of Life Science, this species and M. -
The Beaver's Phylogenetic Lineage Illuminated by Retroposon Reads
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The Beaver’s Phylogenetic Lineage Illuminated by Retroposon Reads Liliya Doronina1,*, Andreas Matzke1,*, Gennady Churakov1,2, Monika Stoll3, Andreas Huge3 & Jürgen Schmitz1 Received: 13 October 2016 Solving problematic phylogenetic relationships often requires high quality genome data. However, Accepted: 25 January 2017 for many organisms such data are still not available. Among rodents, the phylogenetic position of the Published: 03 March 2017 beaver has always attracted special interest. The arrangement of the beaver’s masseter (jaw-closer) muscle once suggested a strong affinity to some sciurid rodents (e.g., squirrels), placing them in the Sciuromorpha suborder. Modern molecular data, however, suggested a closer relationship of beaver to the representatives of the mouse-related clade, but significant data from virtually homoplasy- free markers (for example retroposon insertions) for the exact position of the beaver have not been available. We derived a gross genome assembly from deposited genomic Illumina paired-end reads and extracted thousands of potential phylogenetically informative retroposon markers using the new bioinformatics coordinate extractor fastCOEX, enabling us to evaluate different hypotheses for the phylogenetic position of the beaver. Comparative results provided significant support for a clear relationship between beavers (Castoridae) and kangaroo rat-related species (Geomyoidea) (p < 0.0015, six markers, no conflicting data) within a significantly supported mouse-related clade (including Myodonta, Anomaluromorpha, and Castorimorpha) (p < 0.0015, six markers, no conflicting data). Most of an organism’s phylogenetic history is fossilized in their heritable genomic material. Using data from genome sequencing projects, particularly informative regions of this material can be extracted in sufficient num- bers to resolve the deepest history of speciation. -
Ewa Żurawska-Seta
Tom 59 2010 Numer 1–2 (286–287) Strony 111–123 Ewa Żurawska-sEta Katedra Zoologii Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy A. Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz E-mail: [email protected] kretowate talpidae — ROZMieSZCZeNie oraZ klaSyfikaCja w świetle badań geNetycznyCh i MorfologicznyCh wStęp podział systematyczny ssaków podlega zaproponowanej przez wilson’a i rEEdEr’a ciągłym zmianom, głównie za sprawą dyna- (2005) wyodrębnione zostały nowe rzędy: micznie rozwijających się w ostatnich latach erinaceomorpha, do którego zaliczono je- badań genetycznych. w klasyfikacji owado- żowate erinaceidae oraz Soricomorpha, w żernych insectivora zaszły istotne zmiany. którym znalazły się kretowate talpidae i ry- według tradycyjnej klasyfikacji fenetycznej jówkowate Soricidae. do ostatniego z wymie- kret Talpa europaea linnaeus, 1758, zali- nionych rzędów zaliczono ponadto almiko- czany był do rodziny kretowatych talpidae wate Solenodontidae oraz wymarłą rodzinę i rzędu owadożernych insectivora. do tego Nesophontidae (wcześniej obie te rodziny samego rzędu należały również występujące również zaliczano do insectivora), z zastrze- w polsce jeże i ryjówki. według klasyfikacji żeniem, że oczekiwane są dalsze zmiany. klaSyfikaCja kretowatyCh talpidae rodzina talpidae obejmuje 3 podrodziny: świetnym pływakiem, ponieważ większość Scalopinae, talpinae i Uropsilinae. podrodzi- pożywienia zdobywa na powierzchni wody na Scalopinae podzielona jest na 2 plemiona, oraz w toni wodnej. jest do tego doskona- 5 rodzajów i 7 gatunków (tabela 1). krety z le przystosowany, ponieważ posiada błony tej podrodziny często nazywane są „kretami z pławne między palcami kończyn tylnych. Nowego świata”, ponieważ większość gatun- Ma również długi ogon, stanowiący 75–81% ków występuje w Stanach Zjednoczonych, długości całego ciała, który spełnia rolę ma- północnym Meksyku i w południowej części gazynu tłuszczu, wykorzystywanego głównie kanady. -
Comparative Morphology of the Penis and Clitoris in Four Species of Moles
RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparative Morphology of the Penis and Clitoris in Four Species of Moles (Talpidae) ADRIANE WATKINS SINCLAIR1∗, STEPHEN GLICKMAN2, KENNETH CATANIA3, AKIO SHINOHARA4, LAWRENCE BASKIN1, 1 AND GERALD R. CUNHA 1Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 2Departments of Psychology and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 3Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 4Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Japan ABSTRACT The penile and clitoral anatomy of four species of Talpid moles (broad-footed, star-nosed, hairy- tailed, and Japanese shrew moles) were investigated to define penile and clitoral anatomy and to examine the relationship of the clitoral anatomy with the presence or absence of ovotestes. The ovotestis contains ovarian tissue and glandular tissue resembling fetal testicular tissue and can produce androgens. The ovotestis is present in star-nosed and hairy-tailed moles, but not in broad-footed and Japanese shrew moles. Using histology, three-dimensional reconstruction, and morphometric analysis, sexual dimorphism was examined with regard to a nine feature mascu- line trait score that included perineal appendage length (prepuce), anogenital distance, and pres- ence/absence of bone. The presence/absence of ovotestes was discordant in all four mole species for sex differentiation features. For many sex differentiation features, discordance with ovotestes was observed in at least one mole species. The degree of concordance with ovotestes was highest for hairy-tailed moles and lowest for broad-footed moles. In relationship to phylogenetic clade, sex differentiation features also did not correlate with the similarity/divergence of the features and presence/absence of ovotestes. -
An Evolutionary View on the Japanese Talpids Based on Nucleotide Sequences
Mammal Study 30: S19–S24 (2005) © the Mammalogical Society of Japan An evolutionary view on the Japanese talpids based on nucleotide sequences Akio Shinohara1,*, Kevin L. Campbell2 and Hitoshi Suzuki3 1 Department of Bio-resources, Division of Biotechnology, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan 2 Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada 3 Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan Abstract. Japanese talpid moles exhibit a remarkable degree of species richness and geographic complexity, and as such, have attracted much research interest by morphologists, cytogeneticists, and molecular phylogeneticists. However, a consensus hypothesis pertaining to the evolutionary history and biogeography of this group remains elusive. Recent phylogenetic studies utilizing nucleotide sequences have provided reasonably consistent branching patterns for Japanese talpids, but have generally suffered from a lack of closely related South-East Asian species for sound biogeographic interpretations. As an initial step in achieving this goal, we constructed phylogenetic trees using publicly accessible mitochondrial and nuclear sequences from seven Japanese taxa, and those of related insular and continental species for which nucleotide data is available. The resultant trees support the view that four lineages (Euroscaptor mizura, Mogera tokuade species group [M. tokudae and M. etigo], M. imaizumii, and M. wogura) migrated separately, and in this order, from the continental Asian mainland to Japan. The close relationship of M. tokudae and M. etigo suggests these lineages diverged recently through a vicariant event between Sado Island and Echigo plain. The origin of the two endemic lineages of Japanese shrew-moles, Urotrichus talpoides and Dymecodon pilirostris, remains ambiguous. -
Relative Rates of Molecular Evolution in Rodents and Their Symbionts
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1997 Relative Rates of Molecular Evolution in Rodents and Their yS mbionts. Theresa Ann Spradling Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Spradling, Theresa Ann, "Relative Rates of Molecular Evolution in Rodents and Their yS mbionts." (1997). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6527. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6527 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. hi the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
8-2 Kihm 2011
Paludicola 8(2):75-90 March 2011 © by the Rochester Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology RODENTS FROM THE CHADRONIAN (LATEST EOCENE) MEDICINE POLE HILLS LOCAL FAUNA, NORTH DAKOTA. PART 1. EUTYPOMYIDAE, CYLINDRODONTIDAE AND PIPESTONEOMYS Allen J. Kihm Department of Geosciences, Minot State University, 500 University Ave W, Minot, ND 58707 <[email protected]> ABSTRACT The Medicine Pole Hills local fauna is a large Chadronian fauna composed of more than 4600 mammal specimens, mostly isolated teeth, derived from a limited sequence of mudball conglomerates and sandstones. The producing layer probably represents an early stage of deposition of the Chadron Formation in North Dakota, but it may not be related to any of the named members of the formation. The material described includes Eutypomys parvus, Cylindrodon collinus, Pseudocylindrodon neglectus, Ardynomys saskatchewensis and Pipestoneomys sp. The samples of E. parvus and A. saskatchewensis include teeth not previously described for these taxa. The assemblage has the greatest commonality to the middle Chadronian Calf Creek local fauna of southern Saskatchewan. This similarity does not necessarily indicate a middle Chadronian age for the Medicine Pole Hills local fauna. The lack of late early Chadronian localities with large samples of rodents may exaggerate the apparent differences between these faunas and the Medicine Pole Hills sample. The Calf Creek and Medicine Pole Hills local faunas may represent an intermediate stage between the McCarty’s Mountain and Pipestone Springs faunas of Montana. The Medicine Pole Hills fauna may be somewhat older than the Calf Creek local fauna based on the occurrence of Leptomeryx yoderi. INTRODUCTION (Murphy et al., 1993), but continuing studies of the geology, particularly the heavy minerals, suggest this This is the third in a series of papers that describe correlation is poorly supported (Webster and Kihm, the mammals of the Medicine Pole Hills local fauna of 2009). -
Out of Europe: Investigating Hystrix Cristata (Rodentia: Hystricidae) Skull Morphometric Geographic Variability in Africa
Biogeographia – The Journal of Integrative Biogeography 36 (2021): a001 https://doi.org/10.21426/B636051379 Out of Europe: Investigating Hystrix cristata (Rodentia: Hystricidae) skull morphometric geographic variability in Africa FRANCESCO M. ANGELICI1*, PAOLO COLANGELO2, SPARTACO GIPPOLITI3 1 FIZV, Via Marco Aurelio 2, I-00184 Rome (Italy) 2 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, CNR-IRET, Via Salaria km 29.300, I-00015 Montelibretti, Rome (Italy) 3 Società Italiana per la Storia della Fauna ‘Giuseppe Altobello’, Viale Liegi 48, I-00198 Rome (Italy) * corresponding author: [email protected] Keywords: Crested porcupine, geographic variability, Hystrix cristata senegalica, Hystrix cristata galeata, North-East Africa, taxonomy. SUMMARY The crested porcupine Hystrix cristata is one of the most well-known members of the Family Hystricidae, yet very little is known regarding its geographic variability in Africa. Two alternative hypotheses exist; pre-1940s classical taxonomy supported the existence of a distinct Eastern African species, Hystrix galeata, whereas recent molecular data seem to support only a North-South separation inside one single species, with the geographic-ecological barrier represented by the Sahara desert. Our morphometric data support the recognition of Hystrix cristata senegalica Cuvier, 1822 as the sub- Saharan representative of the species with a clear morphological difference between the North African and sub-Saharan crested porcupines, which seem re-conductible mostly to size difference. Within H. c. senegalica, our analysis seems to support a weak separation between the West African and the East African samples. Owing to considerable qualitative skull differences and overlooked molecular data, the taxonomic status of H. galeata remains uncertain as well as the status of porcupines of North-East Africa (Nubia). -
Multiple Molecular Evidences for a Living Mammalian Fossil
Multiple molecular evidences for a living mammalian fossil Dorothe´ e Huchon†‡, Pascale Chevret§¶, Ursula Jordanʈ, C. William Kilpatrick††, Vincent Ranwez§, Paulina D. Jenkins‡‡, Ju¨ rgen Brosiusʈ, and Ju¨ rgen Schmitz‡ʈ †Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; §Department of Paleontology, Phylogeny, and Paleobiology, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, cc064, Universite´Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; ʈInstitute of Experimental Pathology, University of Mu¨nster, D-48149 Mu¨nster, Germany; ††Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0086; and ‡‡Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom Edited by Francisco J. Ayala, University of California, Irvine, CA, and approved March 18, 2007 (received for review February 11, 2007) Laonastes aenigmamus is an enigmatic rodent first described in their classification as a diatomyid suggests that Laonastes is a 2005. Molecular and morphological data suggested that it is the living fossil and a ‘‘Lazarus taxon.’’ sole representative of a new mammalian family, the Laonastidae, The two research teams also disagreed on the taxonomic and a member of the Hystricognathi. However, the validity of this position of Laonastes. According to Jenkins et al. (2), Laonastes family is controversial because fossil-based phylogenetic analyses is either the most basal group of the hystricognaths (Fig. 2A)or suggest that Laonastes is a surviving member of the Diatomyidae, nested within the hystricognaths (Fig. 2B). According to Dawson a family considered to have been extinct for 11 million years. et al. (3), Laonastes and the other Diatomyidae are the sister According to these data, Laonastes and Diatomyidae are the sister clade of the family Ctenodactylidae (i.e., gundies), a family that clade of extant Ctenodactylidae (i.e., gundies) and do not belong does not belong to the Hystricognathi, but to which it is to the Hystricognathi. -
Novitatesamerican MUSEUM PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y
NovitatesAMERICAN MUSEUM PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 U.S.A. NUMBER 2626 JUNE 30, 1977 JOHN H. WAHLERT Cranial Foramina and Relationships of Eutypomys (Rodentia, Eutypomyidae) AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2626, pp. 1-8, figs. 1-3, table 1 June 30, 1977 Cranial Foramina and Relationships of Eutypomys (Rodentia, Eutypomyidae) JOHN H. WAHLERT1 ABSTRACT Derived characters of the sphenopalatine, lies had common ancestry in a stem species from interorbital, and dorsal palatine foramina are which no other rodent groups are descended. The shared by the Eutypomyidae and Castoridae. two families may be included in a monophyletic These support the hypothesis that the two fami- superfamily, Castoroidea. INTRODUCTION Eutypomys is an extinct sciuromorphous gave more characters shared with castorids; he, rodent known in North America from strata that too, found many features in common with the range in age from latest Eocene to early Miocene. ischyromyoids. Wood noted the similarity of The genus was named by Matthew (1905) based molar crown pattern to that of Paramys and ex- on the species Eutypomys thomsoni. "Progres- plained it as a parallelism that possibly indicates sive" characters of the teeth and hind feet led relationship. Wilson (1949b) pointed out that the Matthew to ally it with the beaver family, Cas- dental pattern of Eutypomys is more like that of toridae. He pointed out that it retains many sciuravids than that of paramyids. -
Animal Health Requirements for Importation of Rodents, Hedgehogs, Gymnures and Tenrecs Into Denmark
INTERNATIONAL TRADE DIVISION ANIMAL HEALTH REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPORTATION OF RODENTS, HEDGEHOGS, GYMNURES AND TENRECS INTO DENMARK. La 23,0-2111 These animal health requirements concern veterinary import requirements and certification re- quirements alone and shall apply without prejudice to other Danish and EU legislation. Rodents, hedgehogs, gymnures and tenrecs meaning animals of the Genera/Species listed below: Order Family Rodentia Sciuridae (Squirrels) (except Petaurista spp., Biswamoyopterus spp., Aeromys spp., Eupetaurus spp., Pteromys spp., Glaucomys spp., Eoglaucomys spp., Hylopetes spp., Petinomys spp., Aeretes spp., Trogopterus spp., Belomys, Pteromyscus spp., Petaurillus spp., Iomys spp.), Gliridae (Dormous’), Heteromyidae (Kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice and rock pocket mice), Geomyidae (Gophers), Spalaci- dae (Blind mole rats, bamboo rats, root rats, and zokors), Calomyscidae (Mouse-like hamsters), Ne- somyidae (Malagasy rats and mice, climbing mice, African rock mice, swamp mice, pouched rats, and the white-tailed rat), Cricetidae (Hamsters, voles, lemmings, and New World rats and mice), Muridae (mice and rats and gerbils), Dipodidae (jerboas, jumping mice, and birch mice), Pedetidae (Spring- hare), Ctenodactylidae (Gundis), Diatomyidae (Laotian rock rat), Petromuridae (Dassie Rat), Thryon- omyidae (Cane rats), Bathyergidae (Blesmols), Dasyproctidae (Agoutis and acouchis), Agoutidae (Pacas), Dinomyidae (Pacarana), Caviidae (Domestic guinea pig, wild cavies, mara and capybara), Octodontidae (Rock rats, degus, coruros, and viscacha rats), Ctenomyidae (Tuco-tucos), Echimyidae (Spiny rats), Myocastoridae (Coypu ), Capromyidae (Hutias), Chinchillidae (Chinchillas and visca- chas), Abrocomidae (Chinchilla rats). Erinaceomorpha Erinaceidae (Hedgehogs and gymnures) Afrosoricida Tenrecidae (Tenrecs) The importation of rodents, hedgehogs, gymnures and tenrecs to Denmark (excluding import to ap- proved bodies, institutes and centres as defined in Art. 2, 1, (c) of Directive 92/65/EEC) must comply with the requirements of Danish order no.