DOCSLIB.ORG

The First Cytogenetic Study of the Malayan Porcupine, Hystrix Brachyuran (Rodentia, Hystricidae) by Conventional Staining and G-Banding Technique

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The First Cytogenetic Study of the Malayan Porcupine, Hystrix Brachyuran (Rodentia, Hystricidae) by Conventional Staining and G-Banding Technique © 2008 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 73(3): 221–228, 2008 The First Cytogenetic Study of the Malayan porcupine, Hystrix brachyuran (Rodentia, Hystricidae) by Conventional Staining and G-banding Technique Alongkoad Tanomtong1,*, Praween Supanuam1, Wiwat Sangpakdee1, Pornnarong Siripiyasing2, Pawarisa Boonhan1 and Sarawut Kaewsri3 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2 Major of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mahasarakham Rajabhat University, Muang, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand 3 Program in Applied Biology, Department of Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, Muang, Buriram 31000, Thailand Received May 24, 2008; accepted July 12, 2008 Summary This research was the first cytogenetic study of the Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) from Songkla Zoo, Thailand. Blood samples were taken from two males and two females and then subjected to standard whole blood T-lymphocyte culture. The samples were harvested by colchicine-hypotonic-fixation-air-drying technique and followed by conventional staining and G- banding with Giemsa’s. The results showed that the diploid number was 2nϭ66, and the fundamental number (NF) was 127 and 128 in male and female, respectively. The autosomes consist of 6 large submetacentric, 20 large acrocentric, 6 medium submetacentric, 18 medium acrocentric, 2 medium telocentric, 4 small submetacentric, 6 small acrocentric and 2 small telocentric chromosomes. We found the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), the representative chromosome marker, which are lo- cated on the long arms of the pair submetacentric autosomes 9 and 13. The X chromosome was a large metacentric chromosome, while the Y chromosome was the smallest telocentric chromosome. G-banding technique indicated that the number of bands was 236. All of these results can be use as the useful basic genetic information for H. brachyuran cytogenetic study. The karyotype formula can be shown as following: ϭ smϩ a ϩ smϩ a ϩ t ϩ smϩ aϩ t ϩ 2n(66) L6 L 20 M6 M 18 M 2 S4 S6 S 2 sex-chromosomes Key words Cytogenetics, Chromosome, Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyuran) The family Hystricidae (old world porcupine) is the only Thai Hystricomorpha. The Malayan porcupine belongs to the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Rodentia, family Hystricidae, subfamily Hystricinae, genus Hystrix and species Hystrix brachyuran. The gen- eral characteristics of the H. brachyuran are: the front half of the body is covered with short, dark brown spines (about 30–50 mm. long), while long, pointed quills (many of which are 200–300 mm. long) protrude from the hindquarters. The long, posterior quills are whitish, usually with a distinct blackish rings which are located about a half to two-thirds of the distance from the base. There is a whitish crest (about 150 mm. long) on the neck and upper back and there is a distinct whitish cres- cent on the neck and shoulders. The tail is short, with two types of quills, long, black and white, pointed quills and rattling quills. The rattling quills are hollow, open-ended, flattened cylinders mounted on a short, narrow stem. The tail is hidden by long quills because the hind part of the body gradually tapers toward the tail. The whiskers (vibrissae) are very long and black and the ears are small (Fig. 1) (Lekagul and McNeely 1977). * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] 222 A. Tanomtong et al. Cytologia 73(3) The previous cytogenetic studies of por- cupine in family Hystricidae have been report- ed (Benirschke 1968, Arslan 2006). In this study, T-lymphocyte culture, conventional staining and G-banding technique were used in the comparison study with the previous stud- ies. In the future, basic knowledge and cytoge- netics of family Hystricidae could be applied to several researches and especially for their extinction protection. Fig. 1. General characteristic of the Malayan porcupine, Hystrix brachyura Vaunhan, 1972 (Rodentia, Hys- tricidae). Table 1. Mean of length short arm chromosome (Ls), length long arm chromosome (Ll), length total arm chromosome (LT), relative length (RL), centromeric index (CI) and standard deviation (SD) of RL, CI from metaphase chromosomes of 20 cells in male Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura Vaunhan, 1972) 2n (diploid)ϭ66. Chromosome Chromosome Chromosome Ls Ll LT RLϮSD CIϮSD pairs size type 1 0.21 0.90 1.11 0.046Ϯ0.002 0.810Ϯ0.023 Large Acrocentric 2 0.20 0.77 0.97 0.040Ϯ0.002 0.791Ϯ0.021 Large Acrocentric 3 0.19 0.75 0.94 0.038Ϯ0.002 0.799Ϯ0.023 Large Acrocentric 4 0.18 0.71 0.89 0.037Ϯ0.002 0.796Ϯ0.039 Large Acrocentric 5 0.18 0.69 0.87 0.036Ϯ0.001 0.799Ϯ0.023 Large Acrocentric 6 0.20 0.66 0.86 0.035Ϯ0.001 0.772Ϯ0.043 Large Acrocentric 7 0.18 0.64 0.82 0.034Ϯ0.001 0.776Ϯ0.038 Large Acrocentric 8 0.32 0.51 0.83 0.034Ϯ0.001 0.614Ϯ0.021 Large Submetacentric 9 0.30 0.51 0.81 0.033Ϯ0.001 0.628Ϯ0.024 Large Submetacentric 10 0.19 0.61 0.80 0.033Ϯ0.001 0.766Ϯ0.042 Large Acrocentric 11 0.18 0.59 0.77 0.032Ϯ0.001 0.760Ϯ0.050 Large Acrocentric 12 0.18 0.58 0.76 0.031Ϯ0.001 0.765Ϯ0.039 Large Acrocentric 13 0.28 0.47 0.75 0.031Ϯ0.001 0.625Ϯ0.016 Large Submetacentric 14 0.17 0.57 0.74 0.030Ϯ0.001 0.764Ϯ0.050 Medium Acrocentric 15 0.17 0.56 0.73 0.030Ϯ0.001 0.764Ϯ0.041 Medium Acrocentric 16 0.27 0.44 0.71 0.029Ϯ0.001 0.619Ϯ0.018 Medium Submetacentric 17 0.26 0.44 0.70 0.029Ϯ0.001 0.632Ϯ0.025 Medium Submetacentric 18 0.18 0.51 0.69 0.028Ϯ0.001 0.739Ϯ0.033 Medium Acrocentric 19 0.18 0.50 0.68 0.028Ϯ0.001 0.735Ϯ0.022 Medium Acrocentric 20 0.18 0.49 0.67 0.028Ϯ0.001 0.728Ϯ0.025 Medium Acrocentric 21 0.00 0.65 0.65 0.027Ϯ0.001 1.000Ϯ0.000 Medium Telocentric 22 0.16 0.48 0.64 0.026Ϯ0.001 0.755Ϯ0.042 Medium Acrocentric 23 0.16 0.47 0.63 0.026Ϯ0.001 0.748Ϯ0.039 Medium Acrocentric 24 0.15 0.45 0.60 0.025Ϯ0.001 0.746Ϯ0.033 Medium Acrocentric 25 0.15 0.44 0.59 0.024Ϯ0.001 0.751Ϯ0.029 Medium Acrocentric 26 0.20 0.35 0.55 0.023Ϯ0.001 0.632Ϯ0.030 Medium Submetacentric 27 0.15 0.39 0.54 0.022Ϯ0.002 0.723Ϯ0.027 Small Acrocentric 28 0.00 0.51 0.51 0.021Ϯ0.001 1.000Ϯ0.000 Small Telocentric 29 0.14 0.35 0.49 0.020Ϯ0.001 0.711Ϯ0.009 Small Acrocentric 30 0.14 0.33 0.47 0.019Ϯ0.001 0.712Ϯ0.009 Small Acrocentric 31 0.15 0.27 0.42 0.017Ϯ0.001 0.643Ϯ0.034 Small Submetacentric 32 0.14 0.24 0.38 0.016Ϯ0.001 0.629Ϯ0.028 Small Submetacentric X 0.66 0.74 1.40 0.059Ϯ0.006 0.556Ϯ0.024 Large Metacentric Y 0.00 0.31 0.31 0.014Ϯ0.002 1.000Ϯ0.000 Small Telocentric 2008 The First Cytogenetic Study of the Malayan porcupine 223 Fig. 2. Metaphase chromosome plates and karyotypes of male (A) and female (B) Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura Vaunhan, 1972) 2nϭ66 by conventional staining, arrows indicate the labeled NORs (nucleolar organizer regions) and sex-chromosomes. Materials and methods Blood samples from the jugular vein were collected from two males and two females H. brachyura, which were kept in Songkla Zoo, Thailand using aseptic technique. The samples were kept in 10 ml vacuum tubes containing heparin to prevent blood clotting and they were cooled on ice until arriving at the laboratory. Cell preparation The lymphocytes were cultured using the whole blood microculture technique adapted from 224 A. Tanomtong et al. Cytologia 73(3) Fig. 3. Metaphase chromosome plates and karyotypes of male (A) and female (B) Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura Vaunhan, 1972) 2nϭ66 by G-banding technique, arrows indicate the labeled NORs (nucleolar organizer regions) and sex-chromosomes. Rooney (2001) and Kampiranont (2003). Cell culture The RPMI 1640 medium was prepared with 2% PHA (Phytohemagglutinin) as a mitogen and kept in blood culture bottles of 5 ml each. A blood sample of 0.5 ml was dropped into a medium bottle and well mixed. The culture bottle was loosely capped, incubated at 37°C under 5% of car- bondioxide environment and regularly shaken in the morning and evening. When reaching harvest time at the 72nd hour of incubation, colchicine was introduced and well mixed followed by further incubation for 30 min. Cell harvest The blood sample mixture was centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was discarded. 10 ml of hypotonic solution (0.075 M KCl) was applied to the pellet and the mixture was incubated for 30 min. KCl was discarded with the supernatant after centrifugation again at 2008 The First Cytogenetic Study of the Malayan porcupine 225 Fig. 4. Idiogram of the Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura Vaunhan, 1972) 2nϭ66 by G-banding tech- nique, arrows indicate the labeled NORs (nucleolar organizer regions). 226 A. Tanomtong et al. Cytologia 73(3) Table 2. Mean of length short arm chromosome (Ls), length long arm chromosome (Ll), length total arm chromosome (LT), relative length (RL), centromeric index (CI) and standard deviation (SD) of RL, CI from metaphase chromosomes of 20 cells in female Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura Vaunhan, 1972) 2n (diploid)ϭ66. Chromosome Chromosome Chromosome Ls Ll LT RLϮSD CIϮSD pairs size type 1 0.27 0.96 1.23 0.045Ϯ0.002 0.779Ϯ0.019 Large Acrocentric 2 0.24 0.88 1.12 0.041Ϯ0.001 0.789Ϯ0.036 Large Acrocentric 3 0.23 0.86 1.09 0.040Ϯ0.001 0.788Ϯ0.021 Large Acrocentric 4 0.22 0.83 1.05 0.039Ϯ0.001 0.792Ϯ0.027 Large Acrocentric 5 0.21 0.82 1.03 0.037Ϯ0.002 0.800Ϯ0.019 Large Acrocentric 6 0.21 0.79 1.00 0.036Ϯ0.001 0.794Ϯ0.029 Large Acrocentric 7 0.20 0.78 0.98 0.036Ϯ0.001 0.797Ϯ0.023 Large Acrocentric 8 0.36 0.62 0.98 0.036Ϯ0.002 0.627Ϯ0.024 Large Submetacentric 9 0.36 0.58 0.94 0.034Ϯ0.001 0.618Ϯ0.018 Large Submetacentric 10 0.19 0.70 0.89 0.033Ϯ0.002 0.783Ϯ0.043 Large Acrocentric
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hystrix Africaeaustralis)
    Reproduction in captive female Cape porcupines (Hystrix africaeaustralis) R. J. van Aarde Mammal Research Institute, University ofPretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa Summary. Captive females attained sexual maturity at an age of 9\p=n-\16months and con- ceived for the first time when 10\p=n-\25months old. Adult females were polyoestrous but did not cycle while lactating or when isolated from males. The length of the cycle varied from 17 to 42 days (mean \m=+-\s.d. 31\m=.\2\m=+-\6\m=.\5days; n = 43) and females experienced 3\p=n-\7 sterile cycles before conceiving. Pregnancy lasted for 93\p=n-\94days (93\m=.\5\m=+-\0\m=.\6days; N = 4) and litter intervals varied from 296 to 500 days (385 \m=+-\60\m=.\4;n = 10). Litter size varied from 1 to 3 (1\m=.\5\m=+-\0\m=.\66;n = 165) and the well-developed precocial young weighed 300\p=n-\400g (351 \m=+-\47\m=.\4g; n= 19) at birth. Captive females reproduced throughout the year with most litters (78\m=.\7%;n = 165) being produced between August and March. Introduction Cape porcupines (Hystrix africaeaustralis) inhabit tropical forests, woodlands, grassland savannas, semi-arid and arid environments throughout southern Africa. Despite this widespread distribution little attention has been given to these nocturnal, Old World hystricomorph rodents, which shelter and breed in subterranean burrows, rock crevices and caves. Some information on reproduction in female porcupines has been published on the crested porcupine (H. cristata) (Weir, 1967), the Himalayan porcupine (H. hodgsoni) (Gosling, 1980) and the Indian porcupine (H.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report for the Year 2017-18
    NAGALAND ZOOLOGICAL PARK, RANGAPAHAR DIMAPUR NAGALAND Annual Report for the year 2017-18 CONTENTS Page Sl.No Section Number 1. Report of the Officer-in-Charge 4 2. History of the Zoo 6 3. Vision 6 4. Mission 6 5. Objective 7 6. About us 8 7. Organizational Chart 10 8. Human Resources 11 9. Capacity Building of the zoo personnel 13 10. Zoo Advisory Committee 14 11. Health Advisory Committee 14 12. Statement of income and expenditure of the Zoo 15 13. Daily Feed Schedule of animals 16 14. Vaccination Schedule of animals 20 2 15. De-worming schedule of animals 20 16. Disinfection Schedule 20 17. Health Check-up of employees for Zoonotic diseases 21 18. Development Works carried out in the zoo during the year 22 19. Education and Awareness programmes during the year 23 20. Important Events and happenings in the zoo 24 21. Seasonal special arrangements for upkeep of animals 26 22. Research work carried out and publications 27 23. Conservation Breeding Programme of the Zoo 27 24. Animal acquisition/transfer/exchange during the year 27 25. Rescue and Rehabilitation of the wild animals carried out by the zoo 28 26. Annual Inventory of animals 29 27. Mortality of animals 31 Status of the Compliance with conditions stipulated by the Central Zoo 28. 32 Authority 29. List of free living wild animals within the zoo premises 33 3 1. Report of the Officer-in-Charge The Nagaland Zoological Park is located at about 8 km from the commercial city of Dimapur in the state of Nagaland with total area of 176 Hectares.
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Rates of Molecular Evolution in Rodents and Their Symbionts
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1997 Relative Rates of Molecular Evolution in Rodents and Their yS mbionts. Theresa Ann Spradling Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Spradling, Theresa Ann, "Relative Rates of Molecular Evolution in Rodents and Their yS mbionts." (1997). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6527. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6527 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. hi the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Inf26erev 2011 Code of Conduct Zoos+Aquaria IAS FINAL
    Strasbourg, 8 October 2012 T-PVS/Inf (2011) 26 revised [Inf26erev_2011.doc] CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS Standing Committee 32nd meeting Strasbourg, 27-30 November 2012 __________ EUROPEAN CODE OF CONDUCT ON ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS AND AQUARIA AND INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES Code, rationale and supporting information - FINAL VERSION – (October 2012) Report prepared by Mr Riccardo Scalera, Mr Piero Genovesi, Mr Danny de man, Mr Bjarne Klausen, Ms Lesley Dickie This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. Ce document ne sera plus distribué en réunion. Prière de vous munir de cet exemplaire. T-PVS/Inf (2011) 26 rev. - 2 – INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................3 1.1 Why a Code of Conduct ? ......................................................................................................4 2. SCOPE AND AIM ..........................................................................................................................6 3. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................7 3.1 The History of Zoological Gardens and Aquaria.....................................................................7 3.2 Zoological Gardens and Aquaria as pathways for IAS............................................................7 3.2.1 IAS originating from zoological gardens and aquaria ....................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Out of Europe: Investigating Hystrix Cristata (Rodentia: Hystricidae) Skull Morphometric Geographic Variability in Africa
    Biogeographia – The Journal of Integrative Biogeography 36 (2021): a001 https://doi.org/10.21426/B636051379 Out of Europe: Investigating Hystrix cristata (Rodentia: Hystricidae) skull morphometric geographic variability in Africa FRANCESCO M. ANGELICI1*, PAOLO COLANGELO2, SPARTACO GIPPOLITI3 1 FIZV, Via Marco Aurelio 2, I-00184 Rome (Italy) 2 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, CNR-IRET, Via Salaria km 29.300, I-00015 Montelibretti, Rome (Italy) 3 Società Italiana per la Storia della Fauna ‘Giuseppe Altobello’, Viale Liegi 48, I-00198 Rome (Italy) * corresponding author: [email protected] Keywords: Crested porcupine, geographic variability, Hystrix cristata senegalica, Hystrix cristata galeata, North-East Africa, taxonomy. SUMMARY The crested porcupine Hystrix cristata is one of the most well-known members of the Family Hystricidae, yet very little is known regarding its geographic variability in Africa. Two alternative hypotheses exist; pre-1940s classical taxonomy supported the existence of a distinct Eastern African species, Hystrix galeata, whereas recent molecular data seem to support only a North-South separation inside one single species, with the geographic-ecological barrier represented by the Sahara desert. Our morphometric data support the recognition of Hystrix cristata senegalica Cuvier, 1822 as the sub- Saharan representative of the species with a clear morphological difference between the North African and sub-Saharan crested porcupines, which seem re-conductible mostly to size difference. Within H. c. senegalica, our analysis seems to support a weak separation between the West African and the East African samples. Owing to considerable qualitative skull differences and overlooked molecular data, the taxonomic status of H. galeata remains uncertain as well as the status of porcupines of North-East Africa (Nubia).
    [Show full text]
  • Rodentia: Erethizontidae) Therya, Vol
    Therya E-ISSN: 2007-3364 [email protected] Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología México LEON-ALVARADO, OMAR DANIEL; RAMÍREZ-CHAVES, HÉCTOR E. Morphological description of the glans penis and baculum of Coendou quichua (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) Therya, vol. 8, núm. 3, 2017, pp. 263-267 Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología Baja California Sur, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=402352772011 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative THERYA, 2017, Vol. 8 (3): 263-268 DOI: 10.12933/therya- 17-495 ISSN 2007-3364 Morphological description of the glans penis and baculum of Coendou quichua (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) OMAR D ANIEL LEON-ALVARA DO 1* AN D H ÉCT OR E. RAMÍREZ -CHAVES 2 1 Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biogeografía, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander. Carrera 27 9, A. A. 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] (ODLA) 2 Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas. Calle 65 26-10, A. A. 275, Manizales, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author External morphology of the glans and baculum are important characters for specic delimitation, especially for rodents (Simson et al. 1995). However, for Erethizontidae there are few descriptive works; in fact, for Neotropical porcupines of the genus Coendou there is just one brief contribution for an indeterminate species by Pocock in 1922.
    [Show full text]
  • INSIGHTS INTO RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RODENT LINEAGES BASED on MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME SEQUENCE DATA a Dissertation by LAURENCE JOHN FR
    INSIGHTS INTO RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RODENT LINEAGES BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME SEQUENCE DATA A Dissertation by LAURENCE JOHN FRABOTTA Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2005 Major Subject: Zoology INSIGHTS INTO RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RODENT LINEAGES BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME SEQUENCE DATA A Dissertation by LAURENCE JOHN FRABOTTA Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Rodney L. Honeycutt Committee Members, James B. Woolley John W. Bickham James R. Manhart Head of Department, Vincent M. Cassone December 2005 Major Subject: Zoology iii ABSTRACT Insights into Relationships among Rodent Lineages Based on Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Data. (December 2005) Laurence John Frabotta, B.S.; M.S., California State University, Long Beach Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Rodney L. Honeycutt This dissertation has two major sections. In Chapter II, complete mitochondrial (mt DNA) genome sequences were used to construct a hypothesis for affinities of most major lineages of rodents that arose quickly in the Eocene and were well established by the end of the Oligocene. Determining the relationships among extant members of such old lineages can be difficult. Two traditional schemes on subordinal classification of rodents have persisted for over a century, dividing rodents into either two or three suborders, with relationships among families or superfamilies remaining problematic. The mtDNA sequences for four new rodent taxa (Aplodontia, Cratogeomys, Erethizon, and Hystrix), along with previously published Euarchontoglires taxa, were analyzed under parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Freshwater Fishes, Terrestrial Herpetofauna and Mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore Author(S) Kelvin K.P
    Title Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore Author(s) Kelvin K.P. Lim, Marcus A. H., Chua and Norman T-L. Lim Source Nature in Singapore, 9, 165–198 Published by Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore Copyright © 2016 National University of Singapore This document may be used for private study or research purpose only. This document or any part of it may not be duplicated and/or distributed without permission of the copyright owner. The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. This document first appeared in: Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H., & Lim, N. T. -L. (2016). Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165–198. Retrieved from http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/images/pdfs/nis/2016/2016nis165-198.pdf This document was archived with permission from the copyright owner. NATURE IN SINGAPORE 2016 9: 165–198 Date of Publication: 1 November 2016 © National University of Singapore Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore Kelvin K.P. Lim1*, Marcus A. H. Chua1 & Norman T-L. Lim2 1Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117377, Republic of Singapore; Email: [email protected] (KKPL; *corresponding author), [email protected] (MAHC) 2Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore; Email: [email protected] (NTLL) Abstract. The diversity of terrestrial and freshwater, non-avian, vertebrate fauna of Pulau Tekong, an island used almost exclusively by the Singapore Armed Forces, was compiled.
    [Show full text]
  • Golden Rock Revisited: Wildlife for Sale at Kyaiktiyo, Myanmar
    S H O R T R E P O R T GOLDEN ROCK REVISITED: WILDLIFE FOR SALE AT KYAIKTIYO, MYANMAR Report by Vincent Nijman and Rosa A. Indenbaum yanmar is widely recognized as an important country for biodiversity conservation. With the democratization Mprocess now under way and many of the former sanctions lifted, Myanmar is showing rapid economic growth and has strengthened its trading relations with neighbouring countries, especially China. 7KLVSURFHVVR൵HUVRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGFKDOOHQJHVDQGRI these, curbing the illegal wildlife trade and regulating the legal trade is paramount. Protected wildlife remains RSHQO\R൵HUHGIRUVDOHLQPDQ\WRZQVDQGFLWLHV 'DYLHV 6KHSKHUGDQG1LMPDQ DQGVHYHUDORI these centres of wildlife trade have been brought into the spotlight by conservationists and the media alike HJ2VZHOO)HOEDE%URZQ1LMPDQDQG 6KHSKHUG 2QHRIWKHPLV0RXQW.\DLNWL\RDOVR known as Golden Rock, in Mon State. Situated 160 km DKUGULYH IURP<DQJRQLWLV0\DQPDU¶VWKLUGPRVW important sacred Buddhist site. The Golden Rock is a 7 m tall boulder with an equally tall pagoda on top— both covered in gold leaf—that balances on a ledge of the 1100 m tall Mount Kyaiktiyo. Visitors can make the journey to the summit by lorry, or on foot by walking the last 1.5 km. KWWSVZZZÀLFNUFRPSKRWRVNLQREH 80 TRAFFIC Bulletin 9RO1R S H O R T R E P O R T While Kyaiktiyo is frequently and correctly mentioned restaurants and shops, including those selling wildlife, DV D FHQWUH IRU ZLOGOLIH WUDGH $UQROG $\H 6DSD\ were closed. The 2017 survey by contrast was carried 3K\X6KHSKHUGDQG1LMPDQ6FKHDUI out during the peak pilgrimage season, which runs from only once has a full inventory of all wildlife for sale November to March.
    [Show full text]
  • Over 40% of All Mammal Species in the Next 2 Labs
    Rodents Class Rodentia 5 (depends) Suborders 33 (maybe more) Families about 481 genera, 2277+ species Over 40% of all mammal species in the next 2 labs Sciuromorpha: squirrels, dormice, mountain beaver, and relatives Castorimorpha: beavers, gophers, kangaroo rats, pocket mice, and relatives Myomorpha: mice, rats, gerbils, jerboas, and relatives Anomaluromorpha: scaly-tailed squirrels and springhares Hystricomorpha: hystricognath rodents...lots of South American and African species, mostly Because rodents are such a Why rodents are evil... diverse and speciose group, their higher-level taxonomy keeps being revised. Hard to keep up! In recent decades, there have been 2, 3, 4 or 5 Suborders, depending on the revision, and Families keep getting pooled and split. We’ll just focus on some of the important Families and leave their relationships to future generations. They are a diverse and Why rodents are fun... speciose group, occur in just about every kind of habitat and climate, and show the broadest ecological diversity of any group of mammals. There are terrestrial, arboreal, scansorial, subterranean, and semiaquatic rodents. There are solitary, pair-forming, and social rodents. There are plantigrade, cursorial, You could spend your whole fossorial, bipedal, swimming life studying this group! and gliding rodents. (Some do.) General characteristics of rodents •Specialized ever-growing, self-sharpening incisors (2 upper, 2 lower) separated from cheek teeth by diastema; no canines •Cheek teeth may be ever-growing or rooted, but show a variety of cusp patterns, often with complex loops and folds of enamel and dentine reflecting the diet; cusp patterns also often useful taxonomically •Mostly small, average range of body size is 20-100 g, but some can get pretty large (capybara is largest extant species, may reach 50 kg) •Mostly herbivorous (including some specialized as folivores and granivores) or omnivorous •Females with duplex uterus, baculum present in males •Worldwide distribution, wide range of habitats and ecologies And now, on to a few Families..
    [Show full text]
  • Serological Prevalence of Leptospira Infection in Malayan Porcupines (H Ystrix Brachyura) in Captivity
    7th Proceedings of the Seminar in Veterinary Sciences, 27 February – 02 March 2012 SEROLOGICAL PREVALENCE OF LEPTOSPIRA INFECTION IN MALAYAN PORCUPINES (H YSTRIX BRACHYURA) IN CAPTIVITY Siti Nurdiyana Hj. Abdul Kadir, 1,3Abdul Rani Bahaman, 1,3Reuben Sunil Kumar Sharma, 3,4Sumita Sugnaseelan, 2,3Azlan Che’ Amat & 5Mohd Firdaus Ariff Abdul Razak 1Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology 2Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies 3Wildlife Research & Conservation Centre Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 4Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 5Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia Km 10 Jalan Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract Leptospirosis is recognised as one of the important zoonotic diseases in the world including Malaysia and rodents are the major natural reservoir of this disease. A study was conducted to determine the serological prevalence of leptospiral infection among a rodent species, the Malayan Porcupine (Hystrix brachyura). A total of 50 serum samples were obtained from the porcupines kept in captivity at the Wildlife Conservation Centre, Sungai Dusun, Selangor. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed to detect the presence of agglutinating antibodies to a panel of 16 Leptospira serovars (Australis, Autumnalis, Ballum, Bataviae, Canicola, Celledoni, Djasiman, Hardjobovis, Hardjo, Hebdomadis, Hurstbridge, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Pomona, Pyrogenes and Sejroe). From the serological test,
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Times in Rodents Based on Both Genes and Fossils Ryan Norris University of Vermont
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2009 Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Times in Rodents Based on Both Genes and Fossils Ryan Norris University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Recommended Citation Norris, Ryan, "Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Times in Rodents Based on Both Genes and Fossils" (2009). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 164. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/164 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AND DIVERGENCE TIMES IN RODENTS BASED ON BOTH GENES AND FOSSILS A Dissertation Presented by Ryan W. Norris to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Biology February, 2009 Accepted by the Faculty of the Graduate College, The University of Vermont, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, specializing in Biology. Dissertation ~xaminationCommittee: w %amB( Advisor 6.William ~il~atrickph.~. Duane A. Schlitter, Ph.D. Chairperson Vice President for Research and Dean of Graduate Studies Date: October 24, 2008 Abstract Molecular and paleontological approaches have produced extremely different estimates for divergence times among orders of placental mammals and within rodents with molecular studies suggesting a much older date than fossils. We evaluated the conflict between the fossil record and molecular data and find a significant correlation between dates estimated by fossils and relative branch lengths, suggesting that molecular data agree with the fossil record regarding divergence times in rodents.
    [Show full text]