A Professional Journal of National Defence College Volume 14 Number 2 December 2015 National Defence College Bangladesh EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Patron Lieutenant General Chowdhury Hasan Sarwardy, BB, SBP, ndc, psc Editor-in-Chief Air Vice Marshal Mahmud Hussain, OSP, ndc, psc, GD(P) Editor Colonel Md Mahbub-ul Alam, afwc, psc Associate Editors Colonel Muhammad Wasim-ul Haq, afwc, psc Lieutenant Colonel A N M Foyezur Rahman, psc, Engrs Assistant Editors Lecturer Khadijatul Kobra Civilian Staff Officer Md Nazrul Islam DISCLAIMER The analysis, opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NDC, Bangladesh Armed Forces or any other agencies of Bangladesh Government. Statement, fact or opinion appearing in NDC Journal are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editors or publisher. INITIAL SUBMISSION Initial Submission of manuscripts and editorial correspondence should be sent to the National Defence College, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh. Tel: 88 02 9003087, Fax: 88 02 8034715, E mail : [email protected]. Authors should consult the Notes for Contributions at the back of the Journal before submitting their final draft. The editors cannot accept responsibility for any damage to or loss of manuscripts. ISSN: 1683-8475 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electrical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by the National Defence College, Bangladesh Design & Printed by : ORNATE CARE 110, Aliza Tower (2nd floor), Fakirapool, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Cell: 01911546613, E mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Page College Governing Body iv Vision, Mission and Objectives of the College vi Foreword v Editorial vii Faculty and Staff viii Abstracts ix Women Empowerment in Bangladesh: Issues and Challenges 01 By - Brigadier General M Zahid Hasan, ndc, psc Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Land Issue: Challenges and Way Ahead 17 By - Brigadier General Md Sarwar Hossain, BSP, SGP, ndc, hdmc, psc Revisiting The Case of Coal-Fired Power Plant in The Context of Bangladesh 31 By - Brigadier General Md Shafeenul Islam, ndc, psc Utilization of Inland Water Ports for Economic Development of Bangladesh: The Case of BIWTA 51 By - Commodore Bashir Uddin Ahmed, (G), ndc, psc, BN International Labour Migration Management and Migration Cost in Bangladesh 69 By - Additional Secretary Dr. Md. Abu Hena Mostofa Kamal, ndc Impact of Information Revolution on State Security 85 By - Brigadier Basit Raza, ndc, afwc, psc Global Maritime Security Challenges: Finding the Nexus Between Piracy and Maritime Terrorism 103 By - Commodore Gaurinandan Sadashiv Salkar, ndc Civil Military Relations: Image Building Strategy for Bangladesh Armed Forces 113 By - Colonel Md Hasan Uz Zaman, afwc, psc Climate Change and Bangladesh: Role of Military in Pursuing Non-Military Security Interests 129 By - Lieutenant Colonel Kamal Akbar, afwc, psc, Inf COLLEGE GOVERNING BODY PRESIDENT Sheikh Hasina Hon’ble Prime Minister Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT Major General Tarique Ahmed Siddique, rcds, psc (Retd) Adviser to the Hon’ble Prime Minister (Security Affairs) VICE PRESIDENT General Abu Belal Muhammad Shafiul Huq, ndc, psc, Chief of Army Staff Vice Admiral M Farid Habib, NBP, ndc, psc, Chief of Naval Staff Air Marshal Abu Esrar, BBP, ndc, acsc, Chief of Air Staff MEMBERS Lieutenant General Md Mainul Islam, awc, psc Major General Sajjadul Haque, afwc, psc Principal Staff Officer, Armed Forces Division Commandant, Defence Services Command & Staff College Lieutenant General Chowdhury Hasan Sarwardy, BB, SBP, ndc, psc Md Shahidul Haque Commandant, National Defence College Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Kazi Habibul Awal Md. Sohorab Hossain Senior Secretary, Ministry of Defence Secretary, Ministry of Education Dr. Kamal Abdul Naser Chowdhury Professor Dr. A A M S Arefin Siddique Senior Secretary, Ministry of Public Administration Vice Chancellor, Dhaka University Mahbub Ahmed Professor Dr. Farzana Islam Senior Secretary, Ministry of Finance Vice Chancellor, Jahangir Nagar University Major General Sheikh Mamun Khaled, SUP, psc, PhD Professor Dr. Harun-or-Rashid Vice Chancellor, Bangladesh University of Professionals Vice Chancellor, National University MEMBER SECRETARY Brigadier General Md Anisuzzaman Bhuiyan, ndc, psc College Secretary, National Defence College Captain A Z M Jalal Uddin, (C), psc, BN, Colonel General Staff Defence Services Command & Staff College IV VISION, MISSION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE COLLEGE VISION The National Defence College is dedicated to be the premier national centre of excellence on defence, security, strategic and development studies. MISSION To impart training to selected senior military and civil officers from both home and abroad on national and international security related fields as well as to impart training to mid ranking military officers of Bangladesh on war studies. OBJECTIVES • To educate and train selected armed forces, civil services and allied officers at operational and strategic level of national security and development. • To focus on long term national security and development issues and to suggest appropriate national responses. • To support the national agencies in policy making on security and development matters. • To support the armed forces on strategic and operational level planning of warfare. • To strengthen civil-military relations in Bangladesh. • To strengthen military to military co-operation in the region and beyond. V FOREWORD National Defence College is on its track since 1999 with a vision: “to develop as the national centre of distinction on defence, security, strategic and development studies - meeting the challenges of the 21st century. Since the inception the college has been relentlessly presenting time - befitting academic curricula to the potential policy planners, leaders and strategic thinker of the future. Intent of the college is to create a balanced outlook and bring a visualization amongst the Course Members with a strategic and operational level understanding. Past 16 years of track record attests to the practicability of the learning regime that has made this institution a centre of excellence at home and abroad. National Defence College is the premier national institution in Bangladesh, a centre of excellence, has always been emphasizing on conducting research in contemporary issues. The main aim of the research is to enable Course Members to make an original contribution to a subject of national or international interest that has a bearing on the national security and development. NDC journal is a reflection of the research works carried out by the Course Members and Faculty in the college. I am confident that selected Research Papers of the course members accommodating diverse subjects and merits have been included in this issue. I believe the readers will find the articles useful and intellectually stimulating. My heartiest congratulations to all the members who have contributed to this journal. I appreciate the sincere efforts of the Research and Academic Wing and acknowledge the solemn endeavour of the editorial board to bring out the journal timely. This issue of the journal is yet another landmark in the path of advancement of National Defence College, Bangladesh. CHOWDHURY HASAN SARWARDY Lieutenant General Commandant VI EDITORIAL NDC Journal is a bi-annual publication of National Defence College, the premier national centre of excellence on Security, Strategy and Development Studies. The articles for the journal (Volume 14, Number 2, December 2015) are mostly selected from individual research papers that the course members had submitted as part of the course curriculums. The College believes that a senior officer from military and civil services should have a good understanding of the major economic, political and social issues of the nation and be able to recommend measures to face the challenges. National Defence College has been very regular in bringing out `NDC Journal` every year on time. This speaks of the laborious effort and genuine commitment on the part of both the editorial staff and writers. While research papers are of usually of 10,000 -15,000 words, the abridged versions are of 4,000 - 5,000 words. The abridgement is executed in a manner that the principal arguments and the logical basis are represented succinctly, objectively and clearly. A total 09 (nine) have been adjudged for publication in the current issue in abridged form. The articles reflect complex and intricate multidimensional issues emanating from the long diversified experiences and the curriculum based deliberations and discourse on various topics concerning comprehensive national security during their trainings. This volume includes papers of different categories those will draw attention to - Women Empowerment in Bangladesh: Issues and Challenges; Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Land Issue: Challenges and Way Ahead; Revisiting The Case of Coal-Fired Power Plant in The Context of Bangladesh; Utilization of Inland Water Ports for Economic Development of Bangladesh: The Case of BIWTA; International Labour Migration Management and Migration Cost in Bangladesh; Impact of Information Revolution on State Security; Global Maritime Security Challenges: Finding the Nexus Between Piracy and Maritime Terrorism;