DOCSLIB.ORG

Newsletter of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Partnership • Spring 2020 – Number 31 PNTS EX

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Newsletter of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Partnership • Spring 2020 – Number 31 PNTS EX Newsletter of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Partnership • Spring 2020 – Number 31 PNTS EX. DIR. GARY WERNER RETIRES Gary Werner, the only executive director the Partnership for the National Trails System (PNTS) has ever had, retired after 29 years. Gary was the lead person in establishing the PNTS, an organization that has grown to include 19 historic trails, 11 scenic trails and 34 trail associations, of which the Trail of Tears Association is a part. It is a non- profit organization that connects the trail associations and federal agencies to further the protection, completion, and stewardship of the national scenic and historic trails in the National Trails System, and it advocates for land preservation and stewardship resources. On February 8, 2020, a retirement party was thrown in Gary’s honor as part of the Hike the Hill advocacy event hosted by the PNTS and the American Hiking Society annually. THE YOUNGEST For his retirement gift from the PNTS, Gary received a quilt hand- AMONG US crafted to include all 30 national historic and scenic trails. TOTA board Little Miss Annie Leary entertaining Sir Glen Jones, past AR National Board representative in members Deloris Gray Wood and the lobby of the hotel on the Paducah Riverfront during the Annual Conference last October. Denise Dowling attended the event in Washington, DC, while attending Annie Leary attended her first TOTA Annie much enjoys seeing her many the Hike the Hill advocacy week Conf. in Dalton GA in 2016. She was 10 friends at the annual gathering. Often and doing research at the National months old and the youngest member she is the fourth generation of her family Archives. of the Association ever. She has attended in attendance at the Conferences and so conference every year of her life. Her she has come to see the annual gathering grandparents Wally and Sheila Leary as some sort of extended family reunion. joined her to the group soon after her She is already looking forward to the birth for several reasons, one being to 2020 Conference in Cherokee, NC. encourage others to add their children and grandchildren as members of their SEE OUR 25TH ANNUAL chapters. Wally is a past President of the CONFERENCE INFORMATION ON TN Chapter. PAGE 9 Barney Scout Mann (far right), president cherokee nation citizen meeting of the PNTS, and RG Absher of the Overmountain Victory Trail present Gary The Cherokee Nation plans to host a meeting for Werner with a custom-made quilt for his Cherokee Nation citizens from 2-6 p.m. on the Sunday retirement afternoon Sept. 20th before the conference begins on Monday. The meeting will be held at Harrah’s where The PNTS will be moving its office the Conference will be held and will allow Cherokee from Madison, WI, to Washington, citizens a chance to visit with tribal leaders, mingle DC, and choosing a new executive together, have a Cherokee Nation citizenship photo director in the fall of 2020. Karen ID made, and visit with other Cherokees as well as Crossley is serving as the Interim conference attendees. Refreshments will be provided. Executive Director in the meantime. Deloris represents TOTA on the PNTS COVER PHOTO: A scenic view of the Great Smokey Mountains just outside of Cherokee, NC Board. 2 Trail of Tears National Historic Trail News • Spring 2020 A Trail of Tears Founding member Looks from UPCOMING EVENTS the Beginning tohe Future May 29, 2020 founding members still active include NCTOTA Chapter Meeting J.B. Tate of Georgia, and TOTA Ex. 2:00pm - Museum of the Cherokee, Director Troy Wayne Poteete. Bobbie Education Wing Heffington of Arkansas, Max Ramsey Cherokee, NC of Tennessee, and the late Beverly Baker of KY and the late Dr. Duane May 29, 2020 King, were also founding members, RTR Bike Ride Send-off Event among several others. 5:00pm - Kituwah Mound Cherokee, NC Over the years Mildred has enjoyed learning from scholars knowledgeable June 27-28 in Cherokee and Removal history and visiting sites of the original trail & July 11-12, 2020 beds. She is thankful for developing Cherokee History Source lasting friendships with persons with Dr. Julia Coates | Cherokee Nation Counselor the same interest in Removal. She Reinhardt University has seen the work of the Council, the Waleska, GA Association, and the National Park Service make very visible progress September 12, 2020 Mildred Choate Taylor in identifying and marking historic Georgia General Meeting sites and providing information to the Historical Society of Cummings/ Oklahoma Chapter member Mildred general public on Removal. Because Forsyth County of this work, Mildred has been able to Taylor was appointed to the original Cummings, GA Trail of Tears National Historic Trail visit sites in Tennessee, Alabama, and Advisory Council in October 1992. Georgia where every branch of her The Advisory Council was created Cherokee family lived before Removal. September 20, 2020 by federal legislation to consult Cherokee Citizens Meeting with the Sec. of the Interior on the Mildred continues to be active Harrah’s Cherokee Casino Resort development of a plan and other in many organizations. She is a Cherokee, NC | 2pm - 6pm matters related to the Trail of Tears. member of the Marble City Historical According to its Charter from the Sec. Society near her home, which has September 21-23, 2020 of Interior the Council’s purpose was restored a 1911 bank building. She 25th Annual National Trail of Tears strictly advisory. The members of the is involved in fundraising to pay for Conference & Symposium Advisory Council felt the need for a the maintenance of the building, Harrah’s Cherokee Casino Resort vehicle for advocacy and other more which serves as a social center and Cherokee, NC vigorous pursuits than the Advisory small museum. She is also a member Council Charter allowed. The group of the Fourteen Flags Heritage Club, September 24-25, 2020 determined to form a non-profit for which maintains a museum complex 11th Annual Rooted in the supporting the NPS effort to carry out of original lob cabins formerly owned Mountains Symposium its Congressional mandate to mark by Cherokee families then moved to Western Carolina Univ., Blue Ridge Conf. Room the Cherokee Removal routes. Sallisaw, OK. Cullowhee, NC Mildred remembers having an She serves on the Dwight Mission September 26, 2020 Advisory Council meeting in Nashville Cemetery Committee which helps Mountain Heritage Day in the spring of 1993. During the maintain the oldest organized burial Western Carolina University Intramural Field meeting the Advisory Council ground in Oklahoma. The cemetery Cullowhee, NC called for a recess. While the Council has the first recorded burial of members remained seated, another a missionary in 1828. The burial happened a few weeks after the November 5, 2020 meeting was called to order, during Trail of Tears Presentation which the Trail of Tears Association Arkansas Cherokees were moved into Indian Territory. Mildred is finishing up John McLarty / Bethany Rosenbaum was formed. From that point forward Museum of the Native American Mildred attended every Advisory a 2-year term as a Northeast District representative for the Oklahoma (A Certified Site) Council meeting and TOTA conference Bentonville, AR except for one. Home and Community Education Group, an affiliate of Oklahoma State Only a few of those founders present University Extension Service. She November 14, 2020 at that meeting remain active. The was instrumental in creating the quilt Georgia General Meeting organizing group included the exhibit for the 2019 Fall Conference in Dalton-Whitfield County Associations first President, Riley Paducah, KY, and plans on attending Dalton, GA Bock of Missouri who presented the the 25th Annual Conference in organizational documents. Other September 2020. Spring 2020 • Trail of Tears National Historic Trail News 3 JERRY CLARK, WORLD’S LEADING EXPERT ON CHEROKEE RECORDS IN THE NATIONAL A REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE ARCHIVES HAS PASSED OF THE MEMBERSHIP of six summers. He worked closely with David Hampton, The National office has organized past newsletter and past Michael Wren, Jack Baker, the conference programs into spiral late Dr. Duane King, and the note books for easy access. These genealogist Jim Hicks whose documents are very useful in Cherokee genealogy pages are chronicling our organization’s available on the internet. Jerry history. We discovered that the National office was missing several freely shared his knowledge past conference programs. I pulled with anyone who inquired, and several from the documents I donated his great collection hoarded over my years as a board of records, books, and other member but we still need at least Cherokee related materials to one copy for the years hi-lighted the OK Chapter, the Cherokee below. National Museum, and the The National office will gladly Ballenger Collection at NSU. accept donations of a copy of the program for these years, or, Returning to the Cherokee we’ll be happy to make a copy for Jerry at work at the Nat’l Archives in Nation after retirement he the records if anyone will loan us Washington D.C. volunteered for several years at an original. Please contact us at Cherokee Nation citizen Jerry Lee the Cherokee Heritage Center [email protected] or ring us Clark, a Claremore native and U.S. at 918-464-2258 if you can help. genealogical lab. Navy veteran, worked 30 plus years at the National Archives. Jerry passed March 15th. His TOTA CONFERENCE ashes were deposited among his LOCATIONS He was a descendant of Collins forebearers, together with a buckeye 1996 Little Rock, AR McDonald, assistant conductor of the from New Echota, near his ancestor’s 1997 Cherokee, NC George Hicks removal detachment. allotment in the Ghormley Cemetery 1998 Tahlequah, OK Jerry’s mother, a DAR leader, just outside Pensacola, OK.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cherokee Ethnogenesis in Southwestern North Carolina
    The following chapter is from: The Archaeology of North Carolina: Three Archaeological Symposia Charles R. Ewen – Co-Editor Thomas R. Whyte – Co-Editor R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr. – Co-Editor North Carolina Archaeological Council Publication Number 30 2011 Available online at: http://www.rla.unc.edu/NCAC/Publications/NCAC30/index.html CHEROKEE ETHNOGENESIS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH CAROLINA Christopher B. Rodning Dozens of Cherokee towns dotted the river valleys of the Appalachian Summit province in southwestern North Carolina during the eighteenth century (Figure 16-1; Dickens 1967, 1978, 1979; Perdue 1998; Persico 1979; Shumate et al. 2005; Smith 1979). What developments led to the formation of these Cherokee towns? Of course, native people had been living in the Appalachian Summit for thousands of years, through the Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippi periods (Dickens 1976; Keel 1976; Purrington 1983; Ward and Davis 1999). What are the archaeological correlates of Cherokee culture, when are they visible archaeologically, and what can archaeology contribute to knowledge of the origins and development of Cherokee culture in southwestern North Carolina? Archaeologists, myself included, have often focused on the characteristics of pottery and other artifacts as clues about the development of Cherokee culture, which is a valid approach, but not the only approach (Dickens 1978, 1979, 1986; Hally 1986; Riggs and Rodning 2002; Rodning 2008; Schroedl 1986a; Wilson and Rodning 2002). In this paper (see also Rodning 2009a, 2010a, 2011b), I focus on the development of Cherokee towns and townhouses. Given the significance of towns and town affiliations to Cherokee identity and landscape during the 1700s (Boulware 2011; Chambers 2010; Smith 1979), I suggest that tracing the development of towns and townhouses helps us understand Cherokee ethnogenesis, more generally.
    [Show full text]
  • Cherokees in Arkansas
    CHEROKEES IN ARKANSAS A historical synopsis prepared for the Arkansas State Racing Commission. John Jolly - first elected Chief of the Western OPERATED BY: Cherokee in Arkansas in 1824. Image courtesy of the Smithsonian American Art Museum LegendsArkansas.com For additional information on CNB’s cultural tourism program, go to VisitCherokeeNation.com THE CROSSING OF PATHS TIMELINE OF CHEROKEES IN ARKANSAS Late 1780s: Some Cherokees began to spend winters hunting near the St. Francis, White, and Arkansas Rivers, an area then known as “Spanish Louisiana.” According to Spanish colonial records, Cherokees traded furs with the Spanish at the Arkansas Post. Late 1790s: A small group of Cherokees relocated to the New Madrid settlement. Early 1800s: Cherokees continued to immigrate to the Arkansas and White River valleys. 1805: John B. Treat opened a trading post at Spadra Bluff to serve the incoming Cherokees. 1808: The Osage ceded some of their hunting lands between the Arkansas and White Rivers in the Treaty of Fort Clark. This increased tension between the Osage and Cherokee. 1810: Tahlonteeskee and approximately 1,200 Cherokees arrived to this area. 1811-1812: The New Madrid earthquake destroyed villages along the St. Francis River. Cherokees living there were forced to move further west to join those living between AS HISTORICAL AND MODERN NEIGHBORS, CHEROKEE the Arkansas and White Rivers. Tahlonteeskee settled along Illinois Bayou, near NATION AND ARKANSAS SHARE A DEEP HISTORY AND present-day Russellville. The Arkansas Cherokee petitioned the U.S. government CONNECTION WITH ONE ANOTHER. for an Indian agent. 1813: William Lewis Lovely was appointed as agent and he set up his post on CHEROKEE NATION BUSINESSES RESPECTS AND WILL Illinois Bayou.
    [Show full text]
  • Trailword.Pdf
    NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. _X___ New Submission ____ Amended Submission ======================================================================================================= A. Name of Multiple Property Listing ======================================================================================================= Historic and Historical Archaeological Resources of the Cherokee Trail of Tears ======================================================================================================= B. Associated Historic Contexts ======================================================================================================= (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) See Continuation Sheet ======================================================================================================= C. Form Prepared by =======================================================================================================
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Trail News
    Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Trail News Downtown Memphis to Host TOTA Conference in October On the afternoon of Tuesday, October 7, 2014, following a wayside unveiling, conference participants will board a Mississippi riverboat for a cruise narrated by celebrated Memphis historian and tour guide Jimmy Ogle. The following afternoon’s activities, sponsored by the Choctaw Nation, include a tour of the museum and grounds of Chucalissa Archaeological site, followed by a traditional Choctaw meal prepared by a team of cooks under the direction of TOTA Vice President Sue Folsom. Storyteller Lori Robins, representing the Chickasaw Nation, will cap off that evenings events. Featured speakers for the conference include Dr. Dan Littlefi eld, University of Arkansas at Little Rock; Kirk Perry, Chickasaw Nation culture and humanities department, who will speak on Chickasaw image courtesy of the NPS History; and Dr. Brett Riggs, who will do The 19th Annual TOTA Conference in Memphis will include a dedication of a new Trail of Tears National presentations on Muscogee Creek history Historic Trail wayside exhibit about early removal and the water route in the Memphis area. The wayside is and the Natchez Tribe. on the waterfront in Tom Lee Park. Missouri City to Receive 7 Wayside Exhibits The City of Waynesville, Missouri, and INSIDE THIS ISSUE NTIR are working with contractors to produce seven wayside exhibits for Laughlin Park. One upright orientation exhibit and • Executive Director Report................. 2 six low-profi le site specifi c exhibits will • Missouri KMZ File Project................. 2 cover many aspects of the Trail of Tears, including the known encampment along • TOTA Chapter News...................
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Trail News
    Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Trail News Enthusiastic Groups Attend Preservation Workshops Large groups and enthusiastic properties, to seek help in identifying valuable preservation expertise from participation characterized two recently- previously unknown historic buildings representatives of three State Historic held Trail of Tears National Historic Trail along the trail routes, and to set priorities Preservation Ofces (SHPOs). Mark (NHT) preservation workshops. The among chapter members for actions Christ and Tony Feaster spoke on behalf frst took place in Cleveland, Tennessee, to be taken related toward historic site of the Arkansas Historic Preservation on July 8 and 9, while the second took identifcation and preservation. Program, and Lynda Ozan—who also place on July 12 and 13 in Fayetteville, attended the Fayetteville meeting— Arkansas. More than 80 Trail of Tears To assist association members in represented the Oklahoma SHPO. At Association (TOTA) members and expanding the number of known historic the Cleveland meeting, Peggy Nickell friends attended the workshops, which sites along the trail, the NPS has been represented the Tennessee SHPO. TOTA took place as a result of the combined working for the past year with the Center President Jack Baker, recently elected to eforts of the Trail of Tears Association, for Historic Preservation at Middle the Cherokee Nation’s Tribal Council, the National Park Service (NPS), and Tennessee State University. Two staf played a key leadership role at both Middle Tennessee State University in members from the center, Amy Kostine workshops. Murphreesboro. and Katie Randall, were on hand at both workshops, and each shared information Representatives of both the Choctaw The workshops had several purposes: to on what had been learned about newly- and Chickasaw nations were also in provide information about historic sites discovered trail properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Walking with Jesus Team Name and Pool Your Miles to Reach Your Goal
    A photo taken in 1903 of Walking Log Elizabeth “Betsy” Brown Stephens, age 82, a Cherokee who walked Are you walking with a team? Come up with a the Trail of Tears. Walking with Jesus team name and pool your miles to reach your goal. When you’ve completed your “walk” come to the Learn... table at Coffee Hour and receive your prize. 1838 -1839 Can you do all four walks? Why is this called the Trail of Tears? Trail of Tears Date Distance Where Why were the Cherokee forced to leave their homes? Where did they go? How long did it take for them to get there? Who was the President of the United States at this time? In the summer of 1838, U.S. troops arrested approx. 1,000 Cherokees, marched them to Fort Hembree in North Carolina, then on to deportation camps in Tennessee. ... and Ponder 2200 Miles What would it feel like to suddenly have to leave your home without taking anything with you? Take Flat Jesus with you, take photos of Have you or someone you know moved to a brand He has told you, O mortal, what is good; your adventures, and send them to new place? [email protected]! and what does the Lord require of you but Posting your pics on Facebook or What was hard about that? to do justice, and to love kindness, and to Instagram? Tag First Pres by adding Why was the relocation wrong? walk humbly with your God? @FirstPresA2 #FlatJesus. Micah 6:8 “The Trail of Tears,” was painted in 1942 by Robert Lindneux 1838-1839 Trail of Tears to commemorate the suffering of the Cherokee people.
    [Show full text]
  • Cherokee Pottery
    Ewf gcQl q<HhJJ Cherokee Pottery a/xW n A~ aGw People of One Fire D u n c a n R i g g s R o d n i n g Y a n t z ISBN: 0-9742818-2-4 Text by:Barbara Duncan, Brett H. Riggs, Christopher B. Rodning and I. Mickel Yantz, Design and Photography, unless noted: I. Mickel Yantz Copyright © 2007 Cherokee National Historical Society, Inc. Cherokee National Historical Society, Inc PO Box 515, Tahlequah, Oklahoma 74465 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage system or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Cover: Arkansas Applique’ by Jane Osti, 2005. Cherokee Heritage Center Back Cover: Wa da du ga, Dragonfly by Victoria McKinney, 2007; Courtesy of artist. Right: Fire Pot by Nancy Enkey, 2006; Courtesy of artist. Ewf gcQl q<HhJJ Cherokee Pottery a/xW n A~ aGw People of One Fire Dr. Barbara Duncan, Dr. Brett H. Riggs, Christopher B. Rodning, and I. Mickel Yantz Cherokee Heritage Center Tahlequah, Oklahoma Published by Cherokee Heritage Press 2007 3 Stamped Pot, c. 900-1500AD; Cherokee Heritage Center 2, Cherokee people who have been living in the southeastern portion of North America have had a working relationship with the earth for more than 3000 years. They took clay deposits from the Smokey Mountains and surrounding areas and taught themselves how to shape, decorate, mold and fire this material to be used for utilitarian, ceremonial and decorative uses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life and Work of Sophia Sawyer, 19Th Century Missionary and Teacher Among the Cherokees Teri L
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2005 "Behold Me and This Great Babylon I Have Built": The Life and Work of Sophia Sawyer, 19th Century Missionary and Teacher Among the Cherokees Teri L. Castelow Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION "BEHOLD ME AND THIS GREAT BABYLON I HAVE BUILT": THE LIFE AND WORK OF SOPHIA SAWYER, 19TH CENTURY MISSIONARY AND TEACHER AMONG THE CHEROKEES By TERI L. CASTELOW A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2005 The members of the Committee approve the Dissertation of Teri L. Castelow defended on August 12, 2004. ______________________________ Victoria Maria MacDonald Professor Directing Dissertation ______________________________ Elna Green Outside Committee Member ______________________________ Sande Milton Committee Member ______________________________ Emanuel Shargel Committee Member Approved: ___________________________________ Carolyn Herrington, Chair, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies ___________________________________ Richard Kunkel, Dean, College of Education The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the assistance of several people for their support over the extended period it took to complete the degree requirements and dissertation for my Doctor of Philosophy degree. I would like to thank the many friends and family who have offered encouragement along the way and who did not criticize me for being a perpetual student. My parents, Paul and Nora Peasley, provided moral support and encouragement, as well as occasional child-care so I could complete research and dissertation chapters.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia Indian Removal Act of 1830 Resources This Resource List Was Compiled by National History Day Georgia a Program of Georgia Humanities and Lagrange College
    Georgia Indian Removal Act of 1830 Resources This resource list was compiled by National History Day Georgia a program of Georgia Humanities and LaGrange College. For additional questions on Georgia related history day resources please visit us at lagrange.edu/nhd. Key Resources: Georgia Topic Explorer – Created in partnership between National History Day Georgia, Georgia Humanities, Digital Library of Georgia, and the New Georgia Encyclopedia: https://www.georgiahumanities.org/programs/nhdga-topic-explorer/ o Creek Indian Leaders: https://www.georgiahumanities.org/2020/08/26/individuals/ o Cherokee Removal: https://www.georgiahumanities.org/2020/08/26/theme-explorer-events/ o Teaching Primary Sources Cherokee Removal Activity created by NHD GA linked under Cherokee Removal topic. New Georgia Encyclopedia Articles: o Cherokee Removal: https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/cherokee-removal o John Ross: https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/john-ross-1790-1866 o Major Ridge: https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/major-ridge-ca-1771-1839 o Elias Boudinot: https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/elias-boudinot-ca-1804-1839 o Worcester v. Georgia: https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/worcester-v-georgia- 1832 o Creek Indian Leaders: https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/creek-indian-leaders o Creek Indians: https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/creek-indians
    [Show full text]
  • Ally, the Okla- Homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: a History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989)
    Oklahoma History 750 The following information was excerpted from the work of Arrell Morgan Gibson, specifically, The Okla- homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: A History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989). Oklahoma: A History of the Sooner State (University of Oklahoma Press 1964) by Edwin C. McReynolds was also used, along with Muriel Wright’s A Guide to the Indian Tribes of Oklahoma (University of Oklahoma Press 1951), and Don G. Wyckoff’s Oklahoma Archeology: A 1981 Perspective (Uni- versity of Oklahoma, Archeological Survey 1981). • Additional information was provided by Jenk Jones Jr., Tulsa • David Hampton, Tulsa • Office of Archives and Records, Oklahoma Department of Librar- ies • Oklahoma Historical Society. Guide to Oklahoma Museums by David C. Hunt (University of Oklahoma Press, 1981) was used as a reference. 751 A Brief History of Oklahoma The Prehistoric Age Substantial evidence exists to demonstrate the first people were in Oklahoma approximately 11,000 years ago and more than 550 generations of Native Americans have lived here. More than 10,000 prehistoric sites are recorded for the state, and they are estimated to represent about 10 percent of the actual number, according to archaeologist Don G. Wyckoff. Some of these sites pertain to the lives of Oklahoma’s original settlers—the Wichita and Caddo, and perhaps such relative latecomers as the Kiowa Apache, Osage, Kiowa, and Comanche. All of these sites comprise an invaluable resource for learning about Oklahoma’s remarkable and diverse The Clovis people lived Native American heritage. in Oklahoma at the Given the distribution and ages of studies sites, Okla- homa was widely inhabited during prehistory.
    [Show full text]
  • Trail of Tears: a Lightning Lesson from Teaching with Historic Places
    National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Discover the Trail of Tears: A Lightning Lesson from Teaching with Historic Places Discover the Trail of Tears: A Lightning Lesson from Teaching with Historic Places (Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Benjamin Nance, photographer) By the end of the 1830s, the U.S. government forced or coerced an estimated 100,000 American Indians to move from their homelands in the southeast to distant Reservations. These people included members of the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Nations. They traveled many different paths, but share a story. The Trail of Tears today is a cultural and physical landscape that tells that story. It has the power to teach why and how the majority of people from these Nations moved from their homes in parts of North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama to Indian Territory in present- day Oklahoma. This lesson emphasizes the struggle for Cherokee members to hold on to their land, government, and culture in the face of overwhelming pressure. The Cherokee Nation’s journey occurred between 1838 and 1839. In this lesson, students investigate a complicated story about how indigenous people negotiated through law and culture to preserve their identities. They will analyze pro-relocation and anti- relocation perspectives. The historic Major Ridge House in Georgia and the National Park Service’s Trail of Tears National Historic Trail tell the histories of Cherokee Indian forced relocation. At a time when the Cherokee struggled to keep their nation in the east, a Cherokee leader named Major Ridge supported moving west.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference # Resource Name Address County City Listed Date Multiple
    Reference # Resource Name Address County City Listed Date Multiple Name 76001760 Arnwine Cabin TN 61 Anderson Norris 19760316 92000411 Bear Creek Road Checking Station Jct. of S. Illinois Ave. and Bear Creek Rd. Anderson Oak Ridge 19920506 Oak Ridge MPS 92000410 Bethel Valley Road Checking Station Jct. of Bethel Valley and Scarboro Rds. Anderson Oak Ridge 19920506 Oak Ridge MPS 91001108 Brannon, Luther, House 151 Oak Ridge Tpk. Anderson Oak Ridge 19910905 Oak Ridge MPS 03000697 Briceville Community Church and Cemetery TN 116 Anderson Briceville 20030724 06000134 Cross Mountain Miners' Circle Circle Cemetery Ln. Anderson Briceville 20060315 10000936 Daugherty Furniture Building 307 N Main St Anderson Clinton 20101129 Rocky Top (formerly Lake 75001726 Edwards‐‐Fowler House 3.5 mi. S of Lake City on Dutch Valley Rd. Anderson 19750529 City) Rocky Top (formerly Lake 11000830 Fort Anderson on Militia Hill Vowell Mountain Rd. Anderson 20111121 City) Rocky Top (formerly Lake 04001459 Fraterville Miners' Circle Cemetery Leach Cemetery Ln. Anderson 20050105 City) 92000407 Freels Cabin Freels Bend Rd. Anderson Oak Ridge 19920506 Oak Ridge MPS Old Edgemoor Rd. between Bethel Valley Rd. and Melton Hill 91001107 Jones, J. B., House Anderson Oak Ridge 19910905 Oak Ridge MPS Lake 05001218 McAdoo, Green, School 101 School St. Anderson Clinton 20051108 Rocky Top (formerly Lake 14000446 Norris Dam State Park Rustic Cabins Historic District 125 Village Green Cir. Anderson 20140725 City) 75001727 Norris District Town of Norris on U.S. 441 Anderson Norris 19750710 Tennessee Valley Authority Hydroelectric 16000165 Norris Hydrolectric Project 300 Powerhouse Way Anderson Norris 20160412 System, 1933‐1979 MPS Roughly bounded by East Dr., W.
    [Show full text]