Trail of Tears Curriculum Project Under Construction
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Cherokee Ethnogenesis in Southwestern North Carolina
The following chapter is from: The Archaeology of North Carolina: Three Archaeological Symposia Charles R. Ewen – Co-Editor Thomas R. Whyte – Co-Editor R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr. – Co-Editor North Carolina Archaeological Council Publication Number 30 2011 Available online at: http://www.rla.unc.edu/NCAC/Publications/NCAC30/index.html CHEROKEE ETHNOGENESIS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH CAROLINA Christopher B. Rodning Dozens of Cherokee towns dotted the river valleys of the Appalachian Summit province in southwestern North Carolina during the eighteenth century (Figure 16-1; Dickens 1967, 1978, 1979; Perdue 1998; Persico 1979; Shumate et al. 2005; Smith 1979). What developments led to the formation of these Cherokee towns? Of course, native people had been living in the Appalachian Summit for thousands of years, through the Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippi periods (Dickens 1976; Keel 1976; Purrington 1983; Ward and Davis 1999). What are the archaeological correlates of Cherokee culture, when are they visible archaeologically, and what can archaeology contribute to knowledge of the origins and development of Cherokee culture in southwestern North Carolina? Archaeologists, myself included, have often focused on the characteristics of pottery and other artifacts as clues about the development of Cherokee culture, which is a valid approach, but not the only approach (Dickens 1978, 1979, 1986; Hally 1986; Riggs and Rodning 2002; Rodning 2008; Schroedl 1986a; Wilson and Rodning 2002). In this paper (see also Rodning 2009a, 2010a, 2011b), I focus on the development of Cherokee towns and townhouses. Given the significance of towns and town affiliations to Cherokee identity and landscape during the 1700s (Boulware 2011; Chambers 2010; Smith 1979), I suggest that tracing the development of towns and townhouses helps us understand Cherokee ethnogenesis, more generally. -
Ghost Stories Event at Murrell Home Doaksville Candlelight Tours Upcoming Events at Pawnee Bill Ranch
Vol. 46, No. 10 Published monthly by the Oklahoma Historical Society, serving since 1893 October 2015 Ghost Stories event at Murrell Home Doaksville Candlelight Tours For the twenty-third consecutive year, the George M. Murrell On Friday, October 16, and Saturday, October 17, Fort Tow- Home in Park Hill will be the backdrop for storytellers spinning son will host its annual Doaksville Candlelight Tours. During yarns about the “Hunter’s Ghost” and other chilling accounts. this event, attendees will learn about life in the Choctaw Nation The event will be held on Friday, October 23, and Saturday, during the Civil War (1861–65). October 24. Tours leave from the gate leading to Doaksville at the north “This family-oriented program will feature various storytellers end of the Fort Towson Cemetery. The candlelight tours begin in a number of rooms telling tales about the Murrell Home, the at 6:30 p.m., with the last tour starting at 9:30 p.m. Admission Cherokee Nation, and other local ghost stories,” said Amanda for the tour is $6 per person, Pritchett, a historical interpreter for the OHS. “The Ghost Sto- and children six and under ries are one of our most popular events of the year. Many peo- are free. The event is spon- ple return every year,” said Pritchett. sored by the OHS, Friends Ghost stories related to the 1845 plantation mansion are of Fort Towson, and the Fort documented as early as the 1930s. One story, the “Hunter’s Towson Volunteer Fire De- Ghost,” is the legend that grew out of the years George Murrell partment. -
University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan the UNIVERSITY of OKLAHOMA
This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66-14 258 UNDERWOOD, Jerald Ross, 1936- AN INVESTIGATION OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY FOR THE INDIAN IN NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA. The University of Oklahoma, Ed.D., 1966 Education, general University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE AN INVESTIGATION OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY FOR THE INDIAN IN NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION BY JERALD ROSS UNDERWOOD Norman, Oklahoma 1966 AN INVESTIGATION OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY FOR THE INDIAN IN NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA APPROVED BY DISSERTATION COMMITTEE t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s Pages LIST OF TABLES............................... v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS........................ vi Chapter I. AN INVESTIGATION OF EDUCATIONAL OPPOR TUNITY FOR THE INDIAN IN NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA............... 1 Background and Need for the Study Statement of the Problem Delimitations of the Study Definition of Terms Organization II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.............. 12 A Retrospective View of the Indian Specific Studies in Indian Education III. HISTORY OF EDUCATION AMONG CHEROKEES... 19 History of Education Other Factors of Acculturation IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA...................... 45 A Criteria for Excellence in Educa tion Analysis of Educational Programs in Three Selected Counties Analysis of Other Educational Efforts for Cherokees Study of Holding Power and Drop-out Rate of Indians in the Three Coun ty Area Investigation of Socio-economic Con ditions Among Cherokees Including A Survey of 100 Selected House holds iii V. NUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS» AND RECOMMENDATIONS., 91 BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................... 98 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. -
A Tri-Annual Publication of the East Tennessee Historical Society
Vol. 26, No. 2 August 2010 Non-Profit Org. East Tennessee Historical Society U.S. POStage P.O. Box 1629 PAID Knoxville, TN 37901-1629 Permit No. 341 Knoxville, tenn ANDERSON KNOX BLEDSOE LOUDON BLOUNT MARION BRADLEY McMINN CAMPBELL MEIGS CARTER MONROE CLAIBORNE MORGAN COCKE POLK CUMBERLAND RHEA FENTRESS ROANE GRAINGER GREENE SCOTT HAMBLEN SEQUATCHIE HAMILTON SEVIER HANCOCK SULLIVAN HAWKINS UNICOI A Tri-Annual Publication of JEFFERSON UNION JOHNSON WASHINGTON The East Tennessee Historical Society Heritage Programs from The easT Tennessee hisTorical socieTy Were your ancestors in what is now Tennessee prior to statehood in 1796? If so, you are eligible to join the First The easT Tennessee hisTorical socieTy Families of Tennessee. Members receive a certificate engraved with the name of the applicant and that of the Making history personal ancestor and will be listed in a supplement to the popular First Families of Tennessee: A Register of the State’s Early Settlers and Their Descendants, originally published in 2000. Applicants must prove generation-by-generation descent, as well as pre-1796 residence for the ancestor. The We invite you to join one of the state’s oldest and most active historical societies. more than 14,000 applications and supporting documentation comprise a unique collection of material on our state’s earliest settlers and are available to researchers at the McClung Historical Collection in the East Members receive Tennessee History Center, 601 S. Gay St. in downtown Knoxville. • Tennessee Ancestors—triannual genealogy -
Trailword.Pdf
NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. _X___ New Submission ____ Amended Submission ======================================================================================================= A. Name of Multiple Property Listing ======================================================================================================= Historic and Historical Archaeological Resources of the Cherokee Trail of Tears ======================================================================================================= B. Associated Historic Contexts ======================================================================================================= (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) See Continuation Sheet ======================================================================================================= C. Form Prepared by ======================================================================================================= -
Seven Female Photographers of the Oklahoma and Indian Territories, 1889 to 1907
SEVEN FEMALE PHOTOGRAPHERS OF THE OKLAHOMA AND ~NDIAN TERRITORIES, 1889 TO 1907 By JENNIFER E. TILL Bachelor of Arts University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 1994 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS July, 1997 SEVEN FEMALE PHOTOGRAPHERS OF THE OKLAHOMA AND INDIAN TERRITORIES, 1889 TO 1907 Thesis Approved: ':;t' Ji. ~ Thesis Adviser __GiCnU>L& k ~ t!t .c:f--lf.r{ /) .• :!...J-. i ti~~- t//d----{l ;JI,~ (!__ {!~ Dean of the Graduate College ii PREFACE This study was conducted to examine female photographers - four professionals and three amateurs - active in the Oklahoma and Indian Territories from approximately 1889 until about 1907. These women offer valuable insights into the history of photography and women's involvement in that history. They appear in this study because examples of their photography exist at the Oklahoma Historical Society and the University of Oklahoma. They were researched further through the United States Census Records and city directories. The results of these record searches are discussed in Chapters One and Two in conjunction with a discussion of the individual women. This study is organized to place the seven women from the Oklahoma and Indian Territories into the wider history of photography and women's involvement in that history. Chapter One contains information about the trends in professional photography from approximately 1889 until 1907. Incorporated into this general history are four specific women from the Territories: Emma Coleman, Georgia Isbell 111 Rollins, Persis Gibbs, and Alice Mary Robertson. -
2014 Trail News
Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Trail News Downtown Memphis to Host TOTA Conference in October On the afternoon of Tuesday, October 7, 2014, following a wayside unveiling, conference participants will board a Mississippi riverboat for a cruise narrated by celebrated Memphis historian and tour guide Jimmy Ogle. The following afternoon’s activities, sponsored by the Choctaw Nation, include a tour of the museum and grounds of Chucalissa Archaeological site, followed by a traditional Choctaw meal prepared by a team of cooks under the direction of TOTA Vice President Sue Folsom. Storyteller Lori Robins, representing the Chickasaw Nation, will cap off that evenings events. Featured speakers for the conference include Dr. Dan Littlefi eld, University of Arkansas at Little Rock; Kirk Perry, Chickasaw Nation culture and humanities department, who will speak on Chickasaw image courtesy of the NPS History; and Dr. Brett Riggs, who will do The 19th Annual TOTA Conference in Memphis will include a dedication of a new Trail of Tears National presentations on Muscogee Creek history Historic Trail wayside exhibit about early removal and the water route in the Memphis area. The wayside is and the Natchez Tribe. on the waterfront in Tom Lee Park. Missouri City to Receive 7 Wayside Exhibits The City of Waynesville, Missouri, and INSIDE THIS ISSUE NTIR are working with contractors to produce seven wayside exhibits for Laughlin Park. One upright orientation exhibit and • Executive Director Report................. 2 six low-profi le site specifi c exhibits will • Missouri KMZ File Project................. 2 cover many aspects of the Trail of Tears, including the known encampment along • TOTA Chapter News................... -
2013 Trail News
Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Trail News Enthusiastic Groups Attend Preservation Workshops Large groups and enthusiastic properties, to seek help in identifying valuable preservation expertise from participation characterized two recently- previously unknown historic buildings representatives of three State Historic held Trail of Tears National Historic Trail along the trail routes, and to set priorities Preservation Ofces (SHPOs). Mark (NHT) preservation workshops. The among chapter members for actions Christ and Tony Feaster spoke on behalf frst took place in Cleveland, Tennessee, to be taken related toward historic site of the Arkansas Historic Preservation on July 8 and 9, while the second took identifcation and preservation. Program, and Lynda Ozan—who also place on July 12 and 13 in Fayetteville, attended the Fayetteville meeting— Arkansas. More than 80 Trail of Tears To assist association members in represented the Oklahoma SHPO. At Association (TOTA) members and expanding the number of known historic the Cleveland meeting, Peggy Nickell friends attended the workshops, which sites along the trail, the NPS has been represented the Tennessee SHPO. TOTA took place as a result of the combined working for the past year with the Center President Jack Baker, recently elected to eforts of the Trail of Tears Association, for Historic Preservation at Middle the Cherokee Nation’s Tribal Council, the National Park Service (NPS), and Tennessee State University. Two staf played a key leadership role at both Middle Tennessee State University in members from the center, Amy Kostine workshops. Murphreesboro. and Katie Randall, were on hand at both workshops, and each shared information Representatives of both the Choctaw The workshops had several purposes: to on what had been learned about newly- and Chickasaw nations were also in provide information about historic sites discovered trail properties. -
Walking with Jesus Team Name and Pool Your Miles to Reach Your Goal
A photo taken in 1903 of Walking Log Elizabeth “Betsy” Brown Stephens, age 82, a Cherokee who walked Are you walking with a team? Come up with a the Trail of Tears. Walking with Jesus team name and pool your miles to reach your goal. When you’ve completed your “walk” come to the Learn... table at Coffee Hour and receive your prize. 1838 -1839 Can you do all four walks? Why is this called the Trail of Tears? Trail of Tears Date Distance Where Why were the Cherokee forced to leave their homes? Where did they go? How long did it take for them to get there? Who was the President of the United States at this time? In the summer of 1838, U.S. troops arrested approx. 1,000 Cherokees, marched them to Fort Hembree in North Carolina, then on to deportation camps in Tennessee. ... and Ponder 2200 Miles What would it feel like to suddenly have to leave your home without taking anything with you? Take Flat Jesus with you, take photos of Have you or someone you know moved to a brand He has told you, O mortal, what is good; your adventures, and send them to new place? [email protected]! and what does the Lord require of you but Posting your pics on Facebook or What was hard about that? to do justice, and to love kindness, and to Instagram? Tag First Pres by adding Why was the relocation wrong? walk humbly with your God? @FirstPresA2 #FlatJesus. Micah 6:8 “The Trail of Tears,” was painted in 1942 by Robert Lindneux 1838-1839 Trail of Tears to commemorate the suffering of the Cherokee people. -
A Thirtieth Anniversary Gathering in Memory of the Little Tennessee
Boston College Law School Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Law School Faculty Papers 1-1-2010 Setting It Straight: A Thirtieth Anniversary Gathering in Memory of the Little eT nnessee River and its Valley Zygmunt J.B. Plater Boston College Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/lsfp Part of the Environmental Law Commons, and the Land Use Planning Commons Recommended Citation Zygmunt J.B. Plater, Setting It Straight: A Thirtieth Anniversary Gathering…in Memory of the Little Tennessee River and its Valley. Newton, MA: Z. Plater, 2010. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Law School Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SSSeeettttttiiinnnggg IIIttt SSStttrrraaaiiiggghhhttt::: aaa TTThhhiiirrrtttiiieeettthhh AAAnnnnnniiivvveeerrrsssaaarrryyy GGGaaattthhheeerrriiinnnggg ......... iiinnn MMMeeemmmooorrryyy ooofff ttthhheee LLLiiittttttllleee TTTeeennnnnneeesssssseeeeee RRRiiivvveeerrr aaannnddd IIItttsss VVVaaalllllleeeyyy Created: 200,000,000 BC — eliminated by TVA: November 29, 1979 R.I.P. AAA RRReeeuuunnniiiooonnn ooofff TTTeeelllllliiicccooo DDDaaammm RRReeesssiiisssttteeerrrss::: fffaaarrrmmmeeerrrsss &&& lllaaannndddooowwwnnneeerrrsss,,, ssspppooorrrtttsssmmmeeennn,,, ttthhheee EEEaaasssttteeerrrnnn BBBaaannnddd ooofff CCChhheeerrroookkkeeeeeesss,,, &&& cccooonnnssseeerrrvvvaaatttiiiooonnniiissstttsss Vonore Community Center, Vonore, Tennessee, November 14, 2009 The Little Tennessee River: A Time-Line 200,000,000 BC — God raises up the Great Smoky Mountains, and the Little T starts flowing westward down out of the mountains. 8000 BC — archaic settlements arise in the meadows along the Little T in the rolling countryside West of the mountains. 1000-1400 AD — Early proto-Cherokee Pisgah culture; villages are scattered along the Little T. -
Cherokee Pottery
Ewf gcQl q<HhJJ Cherokee Pottery a/xW n A~ aGw People of One Fire D u n c a n R i g g s R o d n i n g Y a n t z ISBN: 0-9742818-2-4 Text by:Barbara Duncan, Brett H. Riggs, Christopher B. Rodning and I. Mickel Yantz, Design and Photography, unless noted: I. Mickel Yantz Copyright © 2007 Cherokee National Historical Society, Inc. Cherokee National Historical Society, Inc PO Box 515, Tahlequah, Oklahoma 74465 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage system or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Cover: Arkansas Applique’ by Jane Osti, 2005. Cherokee Heritage Center Back Cover: Wa da du ga, Dragonfly by Victoria McKinney, 2007; Courtesy of artist. Right: Fire Pot by Nancy Enkey, 2006; Courtesy of artist. Ewf gcQl q<HhJJ Cherokee Pottery a/xW n A~ aGw People of One Fire Dr. Barbara Duncan, Dr. Brett H. Riggs, Christopher B. Rodning, and I. Mickel Yantz Cherokee Heritage Center Tahlequah, Oklahoma Published by Cherokee Heritage Press 2007 3 Stamped Pot, c. 900-1500AD; Cherokee Heritage Center 2, Cherokee people who have been living in the southeastern portion of North America have had a working relationship with the earth for more than 3000 years. They took clay deposits from the Smokey Mountains and surrounding areas and taught themselves how to shape, decorate, mold and fire this material to be used for utilitarian, ceremonial and decorative uses. -
A Spatial and Elemental Analyses of the Ceramic Assemblage at Mialoquo (40Mr3), an Overhill Cherokee Town in Monroe County, Tennessee
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2019 COALESCED CHEROKEE COMMUNITIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: A SPATIAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE AT MIALOQUO (40MR3), AN OVERHILL CHEROKEE TOWN IN MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE Christian Allen University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Recommended Citation Allen, Christian, "COALESCED CHEROKEE COMMUNITIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: A SPATIAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE AT MIALOQUO (40MR3), AN OVERHILL CHEROKEE TOWN IN MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5572 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Christian Allen entitled "COALESCED CHEROKEE COMMUNITIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: A SPATIAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE AT MIALOQUO (40MR3), AN OVERHILL CHEROKEE TOWN IN MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Kandace Hollenbach, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Gerald Schroedl, Julie Reed Accepted for the Council: Dixie L.