There's Always Something to Discover in Oklahoma

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

There's Always Something to Discover in Oklahoma In the ovens of Oklahoma’s artisan bakers, Old World processes, inspiration, and simple ingredients yield loaves that aspire to their highest forms. State There's always something to Discover in Oklahoma For 22 years Discover Oklahoma has transported you to the state's best destinations - everything from authentic only-in-Oklahoma attractions, to rugged outdoor adventures, to delectable eateries. And even with 950+ episodes and more than 3000 featured locations, we haven't even begun to scratch the surface of all the Oklahoma treasures there are to discover. Join our travel experts every Saturday and come see for yourself. Check your local listings for more information. Photo caption OklahomaToday.com 67 2125-4-OTRD DISCOV - Resize for Oklahoma Today (246-4)_8x10.875.indd 1 1/29/14 11:52 AM READ IS A contradiction— consists of whole grains, and is irregu- No stranger to European artisan thousands of years old and larly shaped. True artisan bread—like bread, Almenas cut his teeth in German cutting-edge in contem- the rich pumpernickel and airy focac- baking when he attended a food trade porary culinary circles. A cia found in many western European high school in New York and worked staple food in many parts meals—cannot be relegated to the role of for one of his teachers, who owned a Bof the world, it is symbolic in religious side dish but often is the star of the meal. German bakery. practices across the spectrum and In German cuisine, for example, breads— “When I was young, there were critical to millions, perhaps billions, of often rich, dark ryes—are the focus of bakeries in New York on every corner,” family traditions. morning and evening meals. Abend, the Almenas says. “I would wait in line, First came prehistoric flatbreads cooked German word for evening, and Brot, or and the line went out the door. It was on heated rocks. Then, in ancient Egypt, bread, even combine to form Abendbrot, the kind of place where they gave you a wild yeast spores made their way into or supper. little something extra, the baker’s dozen. coarse flour and water mixes. The yeast I remember the smell.” released carbon dioxide and, after being The bakery at Ingrid’s Kitchen is heated, became the precursor to today’s humble, a few steps below ground fluffy, leavened bread. THE ANTITHESIS OF level and packed with essential equip- To many American children, bread is ment and ingredients. Racks are a plastic bag of uniform slices—spongy, COMMON FACTORY dotted with newly frosted gingerbread comforting vehicles for peanut butter men waiting to march into the pastry and jelly, canned tuna and mayo, or BREAD, ARTISAN case, and flour dusts every visible surface: melted cheese, crusts cut off and dis- counters, containers, the floor, even bak- carded. To others, including a handful BREAD IS HANDMADE ers. Critical to maintaining the integrity of Oklahomans bringing the Old World of Ingrid’s family recipes, the restaurant’s to uncharted territory, it’s temperamen- BY SKILLED BAKERS breads include no preservatives or dough tal, scientific, and fundamental. Good conditioners, chemical additives that bread, it turns out, is business, lifestyle, IN SMALL QUANTITIES allow mass-produced loaves to be frozen and history. prior to baking. Understood at its most basic, bread is USING TRADITIONAL “It’s all natural, hearty, earth-grain the sum of its constituent parts—flour, bread,” Almenas says. “There’s a dif- yeast, salt, and water. But its implica- METHODS. ference. Everything here is made from tions reach far beyond the boundaries scratch. This is a real bakery.” of a loaf. The concept of “breaking bread” dates at least to the Bible, and N A WEDNESDAY morning in fellowship around a dinner table is as Germany’s dedication to bread is Midtown Oklahoma City, prevalent and perhaps significant a evident even in Oklahoma. Ingrid’s Oit’s still dark, and a few early tradition as Holy Communion. Bread Kitchen in Oklahoma City honors the breakfast patrons are sipping coffee shortages even were a major catalyst for bread-laden tradition of German cuisine and speaking quietly in a handful of the French Revolution. with eleven varieties of German rye sold booths. At Prairie Thunder Baking In its highest contemporary form, it daily, both fresh from the bakery and in Company, the predawn serenity belies is known as artisan. The antithesis of various items on the menu. The bakery’s what those in this business know: common factory bread, artisan bread bread recipes, brought to Oklahoma By 7 a.m., when the doors open, it’s is handmade by skilled bakers in small from Germany by Ingrid Quitz herself quiet because most of the hard work quantities using traditional methods. in 1961, remain unchanged since In- is winding down for the day. Counter Never frozen before being sold, it grid’s Kitchen opened in 1977. offerings—breads and pastries—are contains no preservatives, typically has During early mornings at Ingrid’s, be- baked overnight, while the city sleeps. a chewy outer crust and a heavy crumb, fore the breakfast rush, the only noise is Unwrapped baguettes stand tall the clattering coming from the kitchen. next to a shelf of country white bread. During proofing—the last dough-rising “Hold on,” says head baker Julius Also on display are several varieties of stage prior to baking—some Prairie Almenas, gesturing behind the counter levain, or sourdough; ciabatta; a darker Thunder Baking Company breads are placed in flour-dusted baskets. The and revealing a tattoo of a rolling pin bread dotted with Oklahoma wheat coiled design adds a decorative element on his forearm. “I have to pull the bread berries; and two sizes of Sonnenblu- PHOTO CREDIT to finished loaves. out of the oven.” menbrot, a German-style loaf made 68 March/April 2014 OklahomaToday.com 69 CLOCKWISE FROM TOP: Brotchen—crusty German- style rolls—are a specialty at Ingrid’s Kitchen and come really have to look ahead to see what plain or topped with sesame or poppy seeds. Prairie their needs are. It’s more like buying Thunder Baking Company BY 7 A.M., WHEN THE lettuce or tomatoes,” McBryde says. “I owner John McBryde removes spend a lot of time with customers, ex- loaves from his three-deck, 18,000-pound Fringand oven, DOORS OPEN, IT’s quIET plaining that we’re not going to have it imported from France. The if you call in an emergency. That bread appliance has 150 square feet BECAUSE MOST OF THE on the rack started two days ago, and of baking space—“the size of a bedroom,” McBryde says. the baguettes started yesterday.” Farrell Family Bread offers a HARD WORK IS WINDING Ordering a loaf of fresh bread days variety of loaves daily. in advance may seem counterintuitive, DOWN FOR THE DAY. but consider this: Preparation for Prairie Thunder’s sourdough—made from a starter that has been alive and maintained since the bakery’s inception in 2008—be- with sunflower seeds, cracked wheat, gins three days before the bread is baked. and honey. Before the café is in full Even when the bakery is closed, someone swing, the unmistakable aroma of fresh comes in to feed the starter. bread—tangy, sweet, comforting— Conversely, the yeast for the Swiss hangs in the air. farmhouse bread, offered once a week, A man walks in from the morning is newly cultured for each batch from chill and steps up to the counter to eye wild yeast that grows on organic raisins. the day’s offerings. “That smell,” he says, It takes a week to produce a single loaf, to nobody in particular. “It smells great.” and even then, there’s no guarantee. Owner John McBryde, seated at a Every now and again the yeast is finicky, nearby table, replies, “Does it? I have to and the ongoing experiment is on hiatus take people’s word for it, since I’m here for another week. all the time.” Anything from room temperature to McBryde retired from the oil and humidity can affect a culturing process gas industry several years ago after three as tenuous as this one. This is baking, decades as a geologist. Prairie Thunder yes, but it’s also a meticulously timed came from, he says, one of those “do science in which thousands-of-years- what you love” moments and a desire to old methods meet modern demand. fill an underserved niche for artisan bread Ancient Egyptians harnessed the in Oklahoma City. random cultivation of wild yeast and Prairie Thunder, like Ingrid’s Kitchen, baked bread in clay molds. The bakers uses no preservatives, resulting in a shelf at Prairie Thunder follow that initial life considerably shorter than the typical process but also go through two thou- store-bought loaves, generally three sand pounds of flour per week—all of it to five days. The ephemeral nature of transformed by human hands. artisan bread presents challenges for a “The bread is flour, water, salt, yeast,” rapidly growing restaurant industry in McBryde says, “grains, seeds, maybe a Oklahoma City, where Prairie Thunder’s little honey. All of this you’re looking at bread is a key player. is made from scratch.” McBryde calls his partnership with local chefs and buyers—among the N ANY SATURDAY morning, you bakery’s nearby clients are Tucker’s can walk into Farrell Family Onion Burgers and Stella Modern Italian OBread, located in a nondescript Cuisine—a “two-way education.” strip mall in south Tulsa, and owner Tom “I’ve learned a lot about their busi- Farrell’s father, Jim, will greet you at the ness, and they’re learning to deal with counter.
Recommended publications
  • Liechtenstein I Gemütlichkeit
    Dear GEMüTLICHKEIT Subscriber The Travel Letter for Germany, Austria & Switzerland Travel Year Fizzles For most of us, travel to Eu- rope—or contemplating travel to Europe—is finished for 2011. Though LIECHTENSTEIN it was supposed to be a rebound edged between Austria and sculpture, per square mile, than any year, the expected hordes of Euro- Switzerland, tiny Liech- other place in the world. The people W tenstein is well known to are friendly and have a sense of hu- pean visitors from North America stamp collectors, but difficult for many mor. The scenery is spectacular. The never materialized. Though millions people to pinpoint on a map. This wine and food are good. What more of us crossed the ‘pond’ during the wealthy enclave could one ask for—except perhaps traditional strong travel months of by Sharon Hudgins in the heart of lower prices at the country’s hotels May-October, I’m betting the num- Europe is only about 15 miles long and and restaurants? bers will fall short of the glory years eight miles wide, with a population of of ‘06, ’07, and ‘08. There are several Despite Liechtenstein’s small size, 36,000. Banking and financial services reasons why many veteran sojourn- there’s plenty to see and do during produce a GDP that puts it at the top ers chose to stay on the western side a two- or three-day visit. On the pe- of the list of the world’s richest coun- of the Atlantic this summer: destrian zone in the center of Vaduz, tries.
    [Show full text]
  • Featuring Peruvian Ambassador HE Carlos Raul Vasquez Corrales Plans for Greater Engagement Inside State Visit of Prime Mini
    Published by Sun Media Pte Ltd Issue 47 February 2019 www.sunmediaonline.com www.indiplomacy.com Inside Featuring State Visit of Prime Minister of Czech Republic Peruvian Ambassador HE Andrej Babiš HE Carlos Raul Vasquez Corrales Plans for Greater Engagement G20 Argentina Summit Round Up Raisina Dialogue Report: “India Can Do More...” 22nd ASEAN-EU Ministerial Meeting: Relationship Ugraded to Strategic Partnership CONTENTS ISSUE 47 3 Czech PM Would Like to Re-Open Embassy in Singapore G20 Round-Up: Outcomes of the Buenos Aires Summit PRESENTATION OF CREDENTIALS n Ambassador of the Kingdom of Spain 4 Raisina Dialogue, Delhi: India Can Do More 22nd ASEAN-EU Ministerial Meeting: Relationship Ugraded to Strategic Partnership 5 INTERVIEW PUBLISHER Sun Media Pte Ltd HE Carlos Raul Vasquez Corrales: Singapore Should Prepare EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Nomita Dhar to Discover More About Peru in 2019 EDITORIAL Ranee Sahaney Sumita Mehta Jenny Tan Syed Jaafar Alkaff Leean Chee ADVERTISING Swati Singh PRINTING Stamford Press Pte Ltd Contact Sun Media Pte Ltd 20 Kramat Lane #01-02 United House, Singapore 228773. Tel: (65) 6735 2972 / 1907 / 2986 Page 5 Fax: (65) 6735 3114 Email: [email protected] 6 EVENTS n Thai Princess’ Visit Website www.indiplomacy.com n Sri Lanka’s 71st Independence Day n India’s 70th Republic Day For Advertising enquiries contact: 8 communiQUÉ Swati Singh m: (65) 9082 9590 Email: [email protected] n DPM Tharman Visit Saudi Arabia n Uzbekistan Tourism News MCI (P) 078/06/2018 Front Cover and Photos appearing in this issue courtesy of: - Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs, - Singapore Ministry of Communication & Information - Singapore PMO © Copyright 2018 by Sun Media Pte Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017
    2017 THE STATE OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN THE WORLD BUILDING RESILIENCE FOR PEACE AND FOOD SECURITY REQUIRED CITATION: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2017. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017. Building resilience for peace and food security. Rome, FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Programme (WFP) or the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP or WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material in the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP or WHO concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers. All reasonable precautions have been taken by FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. ( ) 20 13 3 September 14
    Valeriy HEYETS MODERNIZATION IN THE SYSTEM «SOCIETY – STATE – ECONOMY» R. Boyd JOHNSON CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE IN UKRAINE Olena BULATOVA DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF TRANSCONTINENTAL INTEGRATION Yevheniy KURYLYAK CLUSTERING: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE AND IT'S IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE Nadia REZNIK SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS: THE NATURE AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS Mykola MATVIYIV FORMING THE CONCEPT OF HOSPITALITY IN INNOVATIVE MARKETING SERVICES OF RESTAURANT ENTERPRISES Olena KARAS TARGETING AS ONE OF THE TYPES OF STRATEGIC ADVERTISEMENT Vol.13 (№ 3 ) September20 14 ISSN 1684-906X JOURNAL JJ OO UU RR NN AA LL The journal is listed in the Supreme September Attestation Commission’s register of specialized publications 2014 OF EUROPEAN in economic sciences (Resolution №1-05/2 of 10.03.2010 OO FF EE UU RR OO PP EE AA NN ECONOMY of the SAC of Ukraine) Vol. 13 (№ 3). September 2014 Publication of Ternopil National Economic University Recommended for publication EE CC OO NN OO MM YY Rector – Andriy Krysovatyi by the TNEU Research Council (Protocol № 2 of 01.10.2014) The Journal of European Economy is reviewed by: DB «Ukrainika Naukova», DB «VINITI», «Journal of Economic AJ «Dzherelo», AJ «Economika» Literature» (JEL), National (Russian American Eco- Economic Theory Vernadskyi Library Federation) nomic Associa- (Ukraine) tion Publications Valeriy HEYETS 221 MODERNIZATION IN THE SYSTEM «SOCIETY – STATE – ECONOMY» E-mail: [email protected] Web-site: http://jee.te.ua/ua Editorial Board International Economics of the Journal of European Economy R. Boyd JOHNSON 235 CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE IN UKRAINE Editor-in-Chief: Yevhen Savelyev, Dr. of Econ. Sciences, Professor, Ternopil National Economic University, Ukraine Olena BULATOVA Deputies Editor-in-Chief: 246 DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF TRANSCONTINENTAL INTEGRATION Vitalina Kurylyak, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Vegetal Food of Yezidis and Kurds in Armenia
    J Ethn Foods 3 (2016) 32e41 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnic Foods journal homepage: http://journalofethnicfoods.net Original article Food as a marker for economy and part of identity: traditional vegetal food of Yezidis and Kurds in Armenia * Roman Hovsepyan a, , Nina Stepanyan-Gandilyan b, Hamlet Melkumyan a, Lili Harutyunyan a a Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Yerevan, Armenia b Institute of Botany, Yerevan, Armenia article info abstract Article history: Background: The traditional food of the Yezidis and Kurds of Armenia has some particularities and dif- Received 3 January 2016 ferences compared with the traditional cuisine of Armenians. Received in revised form Methods: Ethnobotanical data collected during fieldworks in 2013e2015 in Armenia via interviews, 17 January 2016 direct observations and sampling of used plants for identification of species. Accepted 17 February 2016 Results: Traditional dishes of Yezidis and Kurds are simple. They are mostly made from or contain as a Available online 2 February 2016 main component lamb and milk products (sometimes beef and chicken, but never pork). The main vegetal components of their traditional food are represented by cultivated cereals, grains, and herbs of Keywords: edible plants wild plants. Edible plants gathered from the wild are used primarily for nutritional purposes, for fl flavorings avoring prepared meals and milk products, and for tea. gathering Discussion: We correlate these distinctions with the transhumant pastoral lifestyle of the Yezidi and Kurds Kurdish people. Yezidis Copyright © 2016, Korea Food Research Institute, Published by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
    [Show full text]
  • National Dish
    National dish From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_dish A national dish is a culinary dish that is strongly associated with a particular country.[1] A dish can be considered a national dish for a variety of reasons: • It is a staple food, made from a selection of locally available foodstuffs that can be prepared in a distinctive way, such as fruits de mer, served along the west coast of France.[1] • It contains a particular 'exotic' ingredient that is produced locally, such as the South American paprika grown in the European Pyrenees.[1] • It is served as a festive culinary tradition that forms part of a cultural heritage—for example, barbecues at summer camp or fondue at dinner parties—or as part of a religious practice, such as Korban Pesach or Iftar celebrations.[1] • It has been promoted as a national dish, by the country itself, such as the promotion of fondue as a national dish of Switzerland by the Swiss Cheese Union (Schweizerische Käseunion) in the 1930s. Pilaf (O'sh), a national dish in the cuisines of Central Asia National dishes are part of a nation's identity and self-image.[2] During the age of European empire-building, nations would develop a national cuisine to distinguish themselves from their rivals.[3] According to Zilkia Janer, a lecturer on Latin American culture at Hofstra University, it is impossible to choose a single national dish, even unofficially, for countries such as Mexico, China or India because of their diverse ethnic populations and cultures.[2] The cuisine of such countries simply cannot be represented by any single national dish.
    [Show full text]
  • Travelling Recipes and Their Alteration in the Long Eighteenth Century
    The Roast Charade: Travelling Recipes and their Alteration in the Long Eighteenth Century Helga Müllneritsch In this paper, I wish to focus on selected ‘travelling’ 336 recipes and explore possible reasons for their successful adoption or rejection. The dishes we eat are more than just energy supplies for our bodies; they give us a feeling of continuity and identity, and carry powerful symbolic significance. Via food, both individuals and groups are able to generate a sense of ‘home’ and membership of a particular social or ethnic group. Certain meals or food preparation methods are also seen as ‘typical’ of a region and are often used to express particular political views. 337 In the long eighteenth century, for example, food items which were imported from the colonies – like coffee, tea, sugar, tobacco or spices – had much more influence on the attitudes of the British towards their Empire than pamphlets, newspapers or travel narra- tives. 338 But this phenomenon was not limited to the British Empire; in the 1780s, goulash – formerly a dish restricted to Hungarian herdsmen and peas- ant communities – was used by the Hungarian nobility as a symbol of oppo- sition to the attempts by the Austrian emperor, Joseph II, to modernise the economy and society, as well as to his aim of building a united empire, en- compassing Austria, Bohemia and Hungary. 339 The naming of adopted dishes can often be traced to a variety of political and social considerations. One of them is the prestige that can come with a foreign-sounding name because of the symbolic significance of foreign dish- es (which are perceived as exotic, expensive etc.), with the result that travel- ling dishes either keep their foreign name or are even given a foreign- sounding name without actually being new or foreign.
    [Show full text]
  • Chef Fabio Trabocchi Creates Garden Café Italia in Honor of Exhibitions and Collection of Italian Art at the National Gallery of Art
    Office of Press and Public Information Fourth Street and Constitution Av enue NW Washington, DC Phone: 202-842-6353 Fax: 202-789-3044 www.nga.gov/press Release Date: February 7, 2011 Chef Fabio Trabocchi Creates Garden Café Italia in Honor of Exhibitions And Collection of Italian Art at the National Gallery of Art New Menu Starts February 11 Chef Fabio Trabocchi of Fiola with the Moran gondola, which is on v iew in f ront of a photo mural detail of Michele Marieschi's The Bacino di San Marco, at the entrance to the exhibition Venice: Canaletto and His Rivals. Photo by Rob Shelley © National Gallery of Art, Washington. Washington, DC— In honor of the exhibitions Venice: Canaletto and His Rivals (February 20–May 30, 2011) and Italian Master Drawings from the Wolfgang Ratjen Collection, 1525–1835 (May 8–November 27, 2011), Chef Fabio Trabocchi is transforming the menu in the Garden Café from February 11, 2011, to March 20, 2012, with signature Italian dishes. Chef Trabocchi has returned from New York to DC to open the highly anticipated restaurant Fiola in Penn Quarter, scheduled to debut this spring. In creating the Garden Café Italia menu, he has also looked to the Gallery's renowned collection of Italian masterpieces for inspiration. Offered as a buffet as well as à la carte, dishes will change seasonally. Garden Café Italia is presented in partnership with Restaurant Associates and Executive Chef David Rogers at the National Gallery of Art. Garden Café Italia Chef Trabocchi developed the Garden Café Italia menu with an eye to Venice's marine setting, so beautifully captured by Canaletto and his contemporaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Chapitre International
    Grand Chapitre International Celebrating 300 years Principality of Liechtenstein Bailliage de la Principauté de Liechtenstein 15. – 17. August 2019 Confrérie de la Chaîne des Rôtisseurs Bailliage de la Principauté de Liechtenstein 1 Wir unterstützen Sie mit einem breiten Spektrum an Serviceleistungen im Treuhand- und Rechnungswesen und stehen Ihnen beratend in allen Finanz-, Wirtschafts- und nationalen Steuerfragen zur Seite. Accurata LI-9495 Triesen Finanzdienstleistung AG www.accurata.li Vertrauen Sie unserer fachlichen Kompetenz in allen Prüfungsdienstleistungen. Wir beraten Sie in allen nationalen und internationalen Steuer- fragen und unterstützen Sie in den Bereichen Organisation und Internes Kontrollsystem. Accurata LI-9495 Triesen Wirtschaftsprüfung AG www.accurata.li 2 Chères Consoeurs, Chers Confrères, Dear Friends, Dear Guests, The Bailliage of Liechtenstein will be celebrating its Grand Chapitre from 15 – 18 August 2019. At the same time, this is the year in which the foundation of the Principality of Liechten- stein 300 years ago is being commemorated. For me it is a pleasure and above all an honour to be present at this celebration. For 300 years, the Princes of Liechtenstein have succeeded in living peacefully with their neighbours Switzerland and Austria. The same applies to the Bailliage Liechtenstein, which has nurtured friendly relations with these neighbouring countries for almost 40 years. Despite being a small bailliage, my friend Bailli Délégué Daniel Jäggi and his National Council is dedicated and noted for superb hospitality, gastronomy and culture. A good reason for many guests from all over the world to enjoy all this in a beautiful landscape. I am looking forward to celebrating an exceptional Grand Chapitre with many guests and friends.
    [Show full text]
  • Austrian Culture Info
    Austria and its Culture Facts & Figures History of Austria Government Today’s Republic of Austria is a small state, whose origins can be Country Name: conventional long form: Republic of Aus- traced far back into history. Populated since prehistoric times, tria,conventional short form: Austria, local short form: Oesterreich, Austria’s location in the heart of Europe means that it has had its local long form: Republik Oesterreich share of the continent’s historical developments. It evolved from a Government Type: Federal Republic border region into a powerful empire and multiracial state, which Capital: Vienna collapsed at the end of the First World War. In 1918, the small, Administrative Divisions: 9 states (Bundesland, Burgenland, newly proclaimed Republic of Austria had at first to come to terms Kaernten, Niederoesterreich, Oberoesterreich, Salzburg,Steiermark, with its European environment. Austria emerged from the Second Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien World War and the sufferings associated with it as a state that feels Independence: 1156 (from Bavaria) secure in its existence and which plays a decisive role in Europe. National Holiday: National Day, 26 October (1955); note– commemorates the State Treaty restoring national sovereignty and the end of occupation and the passage of the law on permanent neutrality Geography Constitution: 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945) Location: Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia Legal System: civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial Geographic Coordinates: 47 20 N, 13 20 E review
    [Show full text]
  • Institutions Et Régulation D'une Ressource Naturelle Dans Une
    Institutions et r´egulationd'une ressource naturelle dans une soci´et´efragment´ee : Th´eorieet applications `aune gestion durable de l'eau au Liban. Roland Riachi To cite this version: Roland Riachi. Institutions et r´egulationd'une ressource naturelle dans une soci´et´efragment´ee : Th´eorieet applications `aune gestion durable de l'eau au Liban.. Gestion et management. Universit´ede Grenoble, 2013. Fran¸cais. <NNT : 2013GRENE008>. <tel-00979509> HAL Id: tel-00979509 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979509 Submitted on 16 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE Spécialité : Sciences Économiques Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par Roland RIACHI Thèse dirigée par Bernard GERBIER préparée au sein du Centre de Recherche en Économie de Grenoble et de l’École Doctorale de Sciences Économiques Institutions et régulation d’une res- source naturelle dans une société fragmentée : Théorie et applications à une gestion durable de l’eau au Liban Thèse soutenue
    [Show full text]
  • Download Open the Door to Europe Guide
    i 1 2 CONTENT 1.THE EU FLAG ................................................................................ 4 2. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT EUROPE .................................. 5 3. THE EUROPEAN UNION ............................................................... 6 3.1. History and Treaties .............................................................. 6 3.2. How many countries are there in Europe? .......................... 10 3.3. The official languages in the EU .......................................... 12 4. HOW DOES THE EU WORK? ...................................................... 13 4.1. Institutions .......................................................................... 13 4.2. Economic and monetary union ........................................... 17 5. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE A EU CITIZEN? .............................. 19 6. EURODESK ................................................................................. 20 ANNEX ........................................................................................... 21 3 1. THE EU FLAG The European flag symbolises both the European Union and, more broadly, the identity and unity of Europe. It features a circle of 12 gold stars on a blue background. They stand for the ideals of unity, solidarity and harmony among the people of Europe. The number of stars has nothing to do with the number of member countries, though the circle is a symbol of unity. History of the European flag The history of the flag goes back to 1955. The Council of Europe - which defends human rights
    [Show full text]