Europe & Britain Know Before You Go

A step by step guide to your Trafalgar trip. Your insider’s journey begins…

Thank you for choosing Trafalgar to show you the insider’s view of Europe and Britain. A wealth of experience has taught us that your journey begins well before you leave home. So we have compiled this guide to provide you with as much information as possible to help you prepare for your travels. We look forward to welcoming you on the trip of a lifetime!

Anne Hathaway's Cottage, Stratford-upon-Avon

2 Before you go…

Travel Documents Airport Transfers in London A couple of weeks prior to your vacation you will receive your Transfers can be expensive, particularly between the airport Trafalgar wallet with your travel documents and literature. and your London hotel. But when you book your Trafalgar These documents are valuable and contain a wealth of advice vacation and take advantage of our land and air packages, and essential information to make your vacation as enjoyable we have included a FREE transfer to and from London’s as possible. Please read them carefully before your departure. airports* and your Trafalgar London hotel. Guests who have made their own flight arrangements may purchase transfers Passports and Visas at our specially negotiated group transfer rates from London’s You will require a passport valid for six months beyond the Heathrow* to the door of your Trafalgar London hotel: conclusion of your trip, with appropriate visas. Some itineraries $39 per person per single trip to/from Heathrow airport. may require multiple-entry visas for certain countries. You Trafalgar’s transfer terms and conditions: must contact your travel agent or applicable government 1. For included transfers: Your flights must be booked directly authorities to get the necessary documentation. It is the sole by Trafalgar no fewer than 21 days prior to departure. For responsibility of each guest to have a valid passport and chargeable transfers: Your Travel Agent provides detailed necessary visas, as well as to comply with entry, health or other flight information to rafalgarT no fewer than 21 days prior requirements of the countries visited. to departure. Once transfers are booked they cannot be changed. Travel Insurance 2. For London arrivals, you must stay at a London hotel Travel insurance is a must have! It is imperative that you take booked by Trafalgar on the night of arrival and the night out a comprehensive travel insurance policy that covers you prior to your departure date. the entire time you are away from home. Your policy should 3. Trafalgar only includes one inbound and one cover the following: outbound transfer. 4. In the event of flight delays outside of Trafalgar’s control, • Trip cancellation or curtailment the transfers will be deemed to be cancelled. • Loss or damage to property and baggage 5. All transfers are based on group transfers. No refund is • Loss of cash, traveler’s checks, etc. therefore available for missed transfers, or guests not using • Medical costs and personal accident this service. Don’t forget to pack a copy of your policy, contact phone 6. In the event of unforeseen events (such as road or rail works, numbers and instructions on how to claim in the unlikely event strikes or demonstrations), Trafalgar will not be responsible that it is necessary. for delayed or cancelled transfers. *Heathrow Airport: Guests will be picked up and dropped Airport Transfers in Europe off in time to meet all flights booked to/from London’s On many itineraries, we offer complimentary group arrival Heathrow Airport. transfers from the airport to your Trafalgar hotel at set times. *Gatwick Airport: Guests who have booked Trafalgar’s Land (Please check your relevant itinerary page in the brochure for and Air packages arriving at London’s Gatwick Airport are full details). If your flight times do not coincide with the shuttle provided with a Gatwick Express train voucher. The Gatwick bus transfer timings you may choose and book a private Express train journey from Gatwick Airport to London’s transfer. It is very important that your travel agent provides us Victoria Station takes 30 minutes. Guests then need to make with all your arrival and departure flight details and we must their way from Victoria Station to their Trafalgar hotel. be advised if your flight is changed for any reason. If we are not informed, no refund will be given for the cost of your taxi to the hotel.

In the Eastern Mediterranean region Trafalgar is pleased to offer complimentary transfers at any time either on the first and last day of the vacation or on other days in conjunction with pre and post trip accommodations booked through Trafalgar. Flight timings must be provided to Trafalgar at least 21 days before flight departure.

3 Trafalgar’s Express Check-In Luggage Please register as soon as possible after making your booking. Luggage Allowance This is restricted to one large suitcase per By registering with Trafalgar’s Express Check-In, you are person with dimensions not exceeding ensuring we receive all the essential information we need to 30x19x10” (76x45x25 cm) and a maximum 30” better anticipate your needs while on your trip. weight of 50 lb (23 kg). Hotel porterage Other benefits include: of this luggage is included in your vacation price. • You won’t be required to show your passport at each hotel • Your Travel Director will have all your important details immediately 19” • You’ll receive useful information and tips before you go Hand Luggage and compelling offers from our partners Hand luggage should be one piece per It should take less than 10 minutes to register and you person and small enough to fit under your should have the following information ready: coach seat or on the small overhead shelf compartment. This is your responsibility and • Your booking number and last name should be carried on/off the coach with you. • The passport details of everyone on your booking Please note that luggage with an adjustable • The emergency contact details of your nominated person handle and wheels will not fit in the (should an unlikely event arise) overhead compartment of the coach and Please note, if you check in within 15 days of departure, we cannot be accepted as carry-on luggage. cannot guarantee your Travel Director will receive your details. In this instance, please print your completed registration Your understanding and cooperation is appreciated, particularly form and present it to your Travel Director at the start of your as it is necessary for your safety and comfort. If a second suitcase vacation. All of your details are kept secure. is carried, or if it exceeds the permitted weight and/or dimensions, a charge of €6/£5 per traveling day will be collected by your Travel 1. Go to www.trafalgar.com/express Director. Airlines may have additional restrictions and may impose 2. Enter your Booking No. and Last Name additional charges if you choose to check any baggage. Please contact your airline or refer to its website for detailed information 3. Answer all questions and click 'submit' regarding your airline’s checked baggage policies. Please note that airport porterage at the beginning and end of your guided vacation is not included. Loss or damage to luggage or any of your belongings is at your own risk, so please protect yourself with appropriate insurance. presents Packing Europe & Britain When traveling as a couple, pack each suitcase with day and evening clothing for each person, so that in the unlikely event one of your suitcases is mislaid on your flight, you’ll still be able to manage. Ensure that your personal and vacation details are written on a label inside each suitcase (including name, address, telephone number, departure and return flight details). Write only your name and destination address on outside labels. Make sure that your luggage is in good secure condition, and use a TSA approved lock for US security checkpoints. When carrying fragile items, use a rigid style suitcase for protection. Check-in only your own suitcases. Do not carry items packed by other people. Never accept packages or articles from anyone unknown to you to carry on board the aircraft.

4 There are strict airport security regulations on items that cards - one to carry, another to be locked in your hotel room may be carried on board aircraft such as liquids/gels and safe. Do not carry your social security number on you. metal objects. Please consult your airline or travel agent regarding these and other restricted items and how they must Health be displayed at airport security checkpoints. We suggest See individual country information for any specific health you pack only essential items for daytime use in your hand- requirements or recommendations. If you are on a regular baggage, both for your flight and while on the coach. For course of medication or there are medicines that particularly example, your camera, medicines, anything that you use suit you, we recommend that you bring an adequate supply frequently or is particularly valuable. Expensive jewelry, for your entire trip. Identical brands may not be available clothing, etc. should be left at home for your peace of mind. elsewhere, but also bring a copy of your prescription. Clothing & Footwear For easy access when traveling, please keep all your medication in your hand luggage, not in your suitcases. For information on suitable clothing and footwear, please Carry prescription drugs in their original package to avoid refer to the listings under each country. However, a general customs questions. We respectfully suggest older passengers tip would be to make sure you bring comfortable walking and those suffering from any existing medical conditions shoes as a number of cities in Europe are developing as should have a thorough check-up with their doctor prior to havens for pedestrians. departure. If you wear eyeglasses, you may wish to bring an extra pair or set of contact lenses in your carry-on luggage. What to Bring If you have any existing medical conditions, dietary This will depend upon your personal preferences, where you requirements or disability that should be brought to our are traveling to and the time of year you are traveling. We attention, it is essential that you inform us via your travel generally recommend casual, lightweight, drip-dry clothing agent. Medical attention can be very expensive outside your that requires little or no ironing. Laundry facilities are available own country, so be sure to take out adequate insurance. at most of the places we stay, however, take sufficient clothing to last for about a week. Below is a list of items to consider Vaccinations packing for your Trafalgar vacation: Please contact your doctor or healthcare provider before Clothing traveling to determine which vaccinations are recommended. Swimsuit Undergarments Sandals Socks Make Friends Before You Go Hat Sleepwear When you travel with Trafalgar you will have the opportunity to Shorts/skirts Jeans/trousers meet new and interesting people from around the world. You Warm jacket Pullover/cardigan can meet up with your fellow traveling companions by visiting Waterproof jacket Shirts/blouses Trafalgar’s Online Community. Read posts from fellow travelers Good walking shoes in our Online Forum and register for My Community, your private travel group portal. Visit www.trafalgar.com/community General Items and click on the links at the bottom of the page. Spare batteries/charger Camera/memory cards Medications Power plug adapters/converter Budgeting & prescriptions Toiletries Collapsible umbrella Trafalgar itineraries include many features that will save you Insect repellent Sunscreen money on your trip – if you study your itinerary pages in the Travel sewing kit Pocket calculator Trafalgar brochure you will see how many highlight visits and other Plastic bags Travel alarm clock sightseeing is included, as well as meals and entertainment. For Water bottle Sunglasses personal items such as souvenirs, gifts, taxi fares, laundry and (screw top lid) gratuities, we suggest you allow €9-€11 per day in Europe and £8- Sachets of Money belt or holster £10 per day in the UK. In addition, we recommend you budget for washing powder the following extra expenses per person: Essentials Meals Passport (& Visas) Travel insurance policy Lunches are usually not included and individual requirements Trafalgar documents Airline tickets vary, but we suggest you allow €10/£9 per day. Where evening Credit cards/pre-loaded currency cards meals are not included, the cost will depend on the type and NB Do not pack your passport or money in your suitcase. locations of restaurants used. As a guide, allow €25-€30/£22- Tip: Weed out your wallet prior to leaving. Only take the £30 per day. You should budget for drinks with meals and essential identifiers like your drivers license and just two credit refreshment stops during the day. Non-alcoholic drinks cost approximately €2-€3/£1.50-£2.50 each.

5 Optional Excursions • Check the expiry date of your credit card and the amount of credit available to you (do not forget any credit card Experience has shown us that most guests participate in purchases made just before you leave). these excursions and you should therefore budget for them in advance. Optional excursions are operated by third party • Call your credit card company to advise them you will be suppliers, but have been approved and endorsed by Trafalgar. traveling, as some companies will block the credit card These may be purchased direct from your Travel Director who when they notice unusual charge activity. will accept payment in cash in most major currencies, such as • Ensure you memorize your Personal Identification Number US Dollars or Australian Dollars as well as major credit cards (PIN); do not write it down. (Visa, MasterCard, American Express). Full details and prices • Ensure that your credit card is kept in view at all times when are shown in your itinerary leaflet or on the guided vacation paying for goods and services. itinerary pages on the Trafalgar website. • Ensure that the total amount of your purchase is entered on Money the sales voucher in the correct currency before you sign it. • Retain all copies of sales vouchers until you have verified Since 2002, the Euro has been the currency throughout much them against your statements. of Europe. Please see the individual listings under each country • Insist that all ‘spoiled’ sales vouchers be destroyed in for the applicable currency. We strongly recommend that you your presence. buy a small amount of each currency, particularly Euros, before arriving on the continent, since there may be no opportunity to • Make sure your credit card is carried on your person. exchange money as you enter a country. This enables you to • Never leave your credit card unattended in your hotel make your initial purchases until you manage to get to a bank. room, a vehicle or any other place. It is also possible at some banks and ATMs to draw cash on • Treat your credit card as you would cash. presentation of your credit card, though this may incur fees/ • Report immediately the loss or theft of your credit card. interest payments – check with your bank before departure. It is a good idea to deposit sufficient funds into your accounts prior Weather to departure and then use your Personal Identification Number The climate in Europe is moderately continental and humid in (PIN) to access them. Check with your bankcard company the summer. For weather conditions pertinent to your travel regarding possible ATM availability. Even if you are planning schedule, visit these websites: to use your credit card, you may also like to arrange a Prepaid • www.weather.com Currency card before you leave home. These are available in • www.cnn.com/weather/ Euros, Pounds Sterling and other major currencies and allow • www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world you to pre-load any amount you wish. They can be used at ATMs as well as in shops and restaurants across Europe. Further Mail information can be found at www.cashpassport.com Prior to departing you should stop your mail or arrange for a Please note that we don't recommend the use of travelers neighbor to collect it. A full mailbox can be a treasure trove for checks as these are increasingly difficult to change and often hackers and identity thieves. incur fees. In Britain, you must have £ Sterling currency. Euros are accepted in Banks and Bureau de Change, but not in shops, restaurants, bars, etc. Trafalgar’s London Reception Center and Hotel Service Desk also accept Euro currency. In Scotland you may receive Scottish sterling notes in your change; these are accepted in England and Wales.

Credit Cards

If you have a credit card, we strongly recommend that you bring it with you, since this gives you extra financial flexibility while traveling. The major international credit cards, especially Visa or MasterCard, are accepted by many restaurants, shops and hotels. The bill you sign will be made out in much the same way as at home, except that the total will be in the local currency. This will be converted into your home currency by the credit card company and invoiced in the usual way. Here are some further tips on using credit cards while traveling.

6 While you are traveling...

Your Travel Director and Coach Driver knowledge and love of the local history and culture. In other places, your Travel Director will give you a brief orientation Throughout your Trafalgar guided vacation you will drive or walk to familiarize you with the locality, usually on the be accompanied by a professional Travel Director and way to your hotel. experienced Coach Driver. A Trafalgar Travel Director is more than just a guide. They are seasoned and experienced Optional Excursions travelers, specially selected for their in-depth knowledge of the regions you will visit. They will enrich your experience with Most of your sightseeing activities are included in your informative commentary on the history, culture and natural vacation price. However, there is a wide range of other landscape of the region and reveal the hidden places that only exciting excursions available, both while traveling and in the an insider would know. They will also introduce you to your gateway cities before and after your trip. To assist you with traveling companions and make you feel welcome. Trafalgar’s planning your budget, your travel documents will include a Coach Drivers are fully licensed, qualified and experienced comprehensive day-by-day itinerary with full details and costs professionals who are selected for their impeccable driving of the optional excursions available. Some optional excursions skills and record. cannot be paid by credit card. Your Travel Director will advise you. Please note that optional excursions are operated by Lost/Damaged Baggage third parties and Trafalgar accepts no liability. All optional excursions are undertaken at your own risk. If upon arrival at the airport after your flight, your baggage fails to arrive or arrives damaged, go immediately to the Trafalgar Noticeboards airline representative (often situated in the Arrivals Hall before you go through customs) and report your loss/ In London, most of our hotels display a Trafalgar Noticeboard. damage. They will ask you for the numbered baggage If you do not find one, please ask the Trafalgar Local Host or receipts given to you when you checked your baggage in at the concierge desk. Please read the notices as they contain for the flight. They will then commence a search for your details about the times your Local Host will be in the hotel baggage, and may award you some compensation to buy and about meeting your Travel Director, if you are joining your essential clothing until your baggage is found. You should vacation in London. also contact your travel insurance assistance company, as During your trip, your Travel Director will post a daily notice they may help with the recovery of the bag and offer some with details of the program schedule. Please check this monetary compensation depending on the length of time regularly for the most up-to-date information and be ready at the baggage remains missing. the specified times. Currency Packs Europe is different! Trafalgar’s Currency Packs are one of the easiest ways for Visiting Europe is a totally new and different experience you to buy foreign currency for Europe. You will not have the from life back home. You will find different people, food and inconvenience of standing in line on cross-channel ferries customs and a completely different attitude and way of life. waiting to change money. We recommend at least one pack While many of its customs may seem strange to a visitor, they per person to give you just the right amount of currency to are, after all, what makes Europe ‘Europe’. So our advice is to get you started. Currency Packs can be purchased at the start keep an open mind and enjoy the unfamiliar. of your trip from your Travel Director at Trafalgar’s London Reception Center. You can pay in US dollars, Canadian dollars, Hotels Euros or Pounds Sterling. They are only available on European At Trafalgar we pride ourselves on our superior hotel itineraries starting in London and not on UK and Ireland selection. Our hotels are centrally located and close to major itineraries. attractions. As we travel from major cities to remote regions, Your Vacation the standards can vary, but you can rest assured that the hotels we have selected are the best available. Trafalgar’s philosophy is that it’s your vacation and you should have the freedom to enjoy yourself as you wish. However, a Europe has a tourism industry which has developed over great deal of planning goes into your itinerary to ensure you several centuries and across many different countries, each see all the main sights in the places visited. Trafalgar ensures with its own culture and traditions. The hotels often reflect you enjoy a full sightseeing experience in all major towns and that, so don’t expect European hotels to be the same as those cities visited on your itinerary. Local sightseeing is conducted back home. Not all hotels are air-conditioned, for example, by qualified Local Guides who are eager to share their vast since in parts of Europe the climate does not usually warrant 7 it. All Trafalgar hotel accommodationss have private facilities, Laundry Facilities but again, this will vary. Most bathrooms have a bathtub with When there is a two-night stopover, arrangements can be integrated shower, but occasionally only a walk-in shower. made for your laundry with hotel housekeeping (at your cost). Room sizes in Europe, the UK and Ireland are generally smaller Please note laundry services are not available on weekends or than in other parts of the world, and can vary within the same local vacations. hotel, particularly where the hotel is a historic building. Twin rooms usually consist of two single beds while double Lost Property rooms contain one matrimonial bed. Triple rooms may consist Once something is lost it is often difficult to find. Trafalgar of one double-bed and the third bed may be a rollaway bed. cannot accept responsibility for property lost anywhere, Single rooms in European hotels are generally smaller than although we will do our utmost to try and recover lost items. If twin-bedded rooms, and may contain one single bed. you notice the loss while on your trip, you should immediately report it to your Travel Director who will complete a lost You are strongly advised to book all your pre and post trip property form and give you a copy for insurance purposes. hotel accommodationss before you travel. In large cities If you wish Trafalgar to trace any lost property for you – once rooms are constantly in demand for tourism and your trip has ended – you should contact Trafalgar’s London business purposes. Reception Center or Hotel Service Desk. Any lost property NB Trafalgar contracted your trip accommodationss many found will be returned to you at your own expense. months ago. However, on occasions the hotel may need to relocate its guests into alternative accommodations. This Your Coach can happen particularly when special events such as major Modern, air-conditioned coaches have been carefully selected conferences or exhibitions are taking place. It is beyond by Trafalgar with your comfort, safety and scenic viewing in Trafalgar’s control, but we will always do our utmost to mind. Your Trafalgar team will explain all the safety features of minimize any inconvenience and you can rest assured that all your coach at the beginning of your trip. For the comfort of sightseeing inclusions will be unchanged. all travelers, Trafalgar enforces a no-alcohol and no-smoking Facilities policy on board the coach. Our coaches are equipped with All hotel rooms are clean and well serviced. Tea and coffee DVD and/or CD players. making facilities are provided within most hotels rooms in the Please note that antiseptic, bandages and other over-the- UK, however this is uncommon in European hotels. Rooms counter medications such as aspirin are not carried on the usually contain STD/ISD phone and a television, and may coach. Your Travel Director will be able to direct you as to have a mini bar, room service and in-house movies. Wherever where these items may be purchased locally should you possible we select establishments that offer additional need them. facilities too, such as swimming pool, sauna, restaurants and bars. Please refer to the itinerary in your travel wallet for Porterage information regarding accommodationss at each stop. Your coach crew is always there to lend a hand and to liaise closely with hotels to ensure efficient handling of Allocation of rooms your luggage. Trafalgar does not allocate the rooms in any hotel – this is done by the hotel staff – nor can we guarantee the position of Seat Rotation your room within any hotel. If you are on your guided vacation Where appropriate, our seat rotation scheme ensures you get and you feel that you are receiving a disproportionate number to know your fellow traveling companions and enjoy the views of smaller rooms or rooms without a view, please inform your from a different vantage point each day. Travel Director. A Clean Coach Hotel Check-in & Check-out Your driver is responsible for the coach inside and out. Please Arrangements are made to ensure that check-in and check- assist by eating and drinking on board as little as possible. out at hotels run smoothly, and your Travel Director will advise No Smoking you in advance of the procedure before arriving at each hotel. For the comfort of all travelers, smoking is not permitted on On departing the hotel, always remember to return your room board our coaches, but smokers need not worry – frequent key to reception before boarding the coach! comfort and relaxation stops are made along the way. Personal Hotel Expenses Onboard Restroom Any additional costs incurred during your stay at the hotels Coaches on all itineraries in Europe are equipped with (for example, laundry, telephone calls and bar bills) are your restrooms. While you are free to use this facility whenever responsibility. Please ensure that your account is settled on required, your Travel Director will suggest that you make use the evening before you leave to ensure a smooth and speedy of the facilities available at our frequent comfort stops. departure the following morning.

8 Meals Tipping

Breakfast • We are confident that by the end of your trip you will have come to appreciate the important role your Travel Your vacation includes daily breakfasts following local Director and Coach Driver have played in giving you traditions. Please note that in London, breakfast is only the best possible vacation experience. If you have been included if you have stayed in the hotel on the preceding pleased with their services, you may wish to express this night and booked it through Trafalgar. Check with Trafalgar satisfaction with a gratuity, as is customary throughout in London as to how your breakfast will be served at your the world. Since this is a matter of a private and individual London hotel on the morning of your trip departure. nature, you should seal your gratuity in an envelope to In Britain and Ireland, and on the majority of our Europe present to each of them separately at the end of itineraries, you will enjoy a cold or hot buffet style breakfast. your vacation. Please refer to your itinerary pages in the relevant Trafalgar • Suggested tipping rates (per person traveling) for your brochure for full details. Trafalgar team in Europe/UK are €4/£3 per day for your Dinner Travel Director, €2.50/£2 per day for your Coach Driver, While Trafalgar encourages hotels to provide meals that and €2/£1 per half-day for a Local Guide. feature local flavors, most offer fairly plain international fare • While on your guided vacation, tips and service charges that caters for the broadest range of tastes. If you have a are included for your included meals, accommodationss more adventurous palate, you will still have a number of and porterage, but at other times we suggest the opportunities to sample local specialties throughout your following as a guide to general tipping practices in vacation, either during your free time or on our unique Europe/UK: Be My Guest dining experiences and other Highlight dining occasions. • Room service waiter: €1/£1 (We recommend that you carry some small change with you, as it is not usual to ask for Freedom at Meal Times change when tipping.) Trafalgar’s philosophy of a careful mix of free time and • Taxis: 10-15% of the fare on the meter. organized activities extends to your meal arrangements, and only a limited number of lunches are included on our • Restaurants & bars: 10-15% of the total bill. If a service itineraries. We believe you should be free to spend your time charge has already been added, there is no need to tip as at lunch stops in your own way, maybe trying a local dish or much or at all. taking a light snack and using the extra time for additional sightseeing or shopping. Occasionally, our daily itinerary may Photography require us to make a lunch stop at a recommended roadside Bring extra batteries and memory cards. Depending on the eatery. In certain cities, dinners are not included, giving you an destination, use re-sealable plastic bags to protect camera opportunity to dine out on your own, sample regional dishes equipment from dampness. Never leave a camera in a hotel and eat in typical local restaurants. Your Travel Director will be room or elsewhere unattended. able to offer advice to help you choose. Drinks Staying In Touch When not specified on an included meal, drinks are always at Phoning home from hotels can be expensive. All hotels will your own expense. In some European cafés/bars you pay one add a service charge to the cost of any phone calls you make price to drink at the bar, and a higher price to sit at a table. from your room. This charge can be very high. It is always Alcoholic drinks can be much more expensive if purchased in cheaper for you to use public telephones (pay phones). Your hotel bars. Travel Director will advise you how to use the telephone if you are unsure. Alternatively, you could use an eKIT phonecard. Water While tap water is perfectly safe to drink in many European countries, we suggest you drink bottled water where available. You may also wish to carry a small bottle of water with you throughout the day to ensure you are sufficiently hydrated.

9 What is eKIT? a parcel and ship it home. Our Reception Center in London can advise you of some companies who specialize in this service. eKIT is your global phone card and web communication service designed to keep you in touch with family and friends while Note: you’re traveling. • Goods may take several months to reach your home. eKIT provides: • You will be liable for import duty on all goods shipped to • Low cost international calls your home – personal duty-free allowances only apply to • Send and receive voice mails goods carried home personally. • Free email service • You are strongly advised to insure goods being shipped in • Send SMS text messages from the web case of breakage or non-arrival. • An online travel vault for secure storage of important Security documents (e.g. passport number) It is important that you take precautions when traveling • 24-hour customer service. anywhere. If hotel security boxes are available then we For more information check out the Trafalgar eKIT phone card recommend you use them for all your valuables. Do not leave in your travel wallet or go to www.Trafalgar.eKIT.com these items in your hotel room. Prior to leaving home, purchase a shoulder or neck holster or a money belt to carry items such How do I join? as your passport or extra money – make sure it is not visible Use your credit card to set up an account at under your clothing. Be wary of pickpockets! Wallets and www.Trafalgar.eKIT.com or call 24-hour customer service. purses should be kept out of sight in front/inside pockets; carry Join before you go and receive a Trafalgar eKIT joining bonus! your handbags and backpacks around your front. How do I use it? We also recommend that you photocopy your passport and Your account number and PIN gives you access to all the credit card details and leave them in your suitcase in case of phone and web based services. To make a call, simply use the loss. If you are unsure about security while on vacation, your toll-free access numbers for the country you are in, which you Travel Director will provide you with the best advice. If you will find listed on your eKIT card, or at www.Trafalgar.eKIT.com need to make cash withdrawals, ATMs in bank lobbies are less vulnerable to devices that capture your credit card information - How long does it last? as they generally have camera surveillance. eKIT is a rechargeable service – simply recharge your account using your credit card at www.Trafalgar.eKIT.com or call their 24- Doctors hour customer service. Ask about the monthly recharge bonus. If at any time on your guided vacation you require a doctor, Is it competitive? please inform your Travel Director who will arrange this for Yes – you may find cheaper phone cards in major cities – but you. If you are staying at a Trafalgar hotel prior to your guided you can only use them in the country of purchase and may not vacation commencing, please ask the hotel concierge to call be in a language you understand. the doctor. Ensure that you keep receipts for the doctor’s visits, medicines and any other expenses incurred, as you will The advantages of eKIT: need them to claim on your insurance. • It can be used from 70+ countries. • You can call over 200 countries. Public Vacations and Changes • You can recharge the card as you travel. During local or national vacations, certain facilities such as • You can use any balance remaining once you get home. museums, sightseeing tours and shopping may be limited, so we sometimes have to make slight itinerary adjustments. We Emailing Home advise you to check with your Travel Agent before selecting a Many hotels have wi-fi in the public areas as well as in the departure date so that your enjoyment won’t be diminished. rooms and there is usually a charge for this. Some hotels also Also, local vacations, closing days and other circumstances have one or two computers in the reception area for the use may change the day of the week for scheduled dining out, gala of guests. Internet cafes are also available in many cities. dinners, sightseeing and other included activities. Tip: Be careful with hotel computers. Do not access financial Guest Feedback data on hotel or public computers or on public wi-fi networks. Your feedback is always welcomed. Towards the end of your trip, your Travel Director will hand out a feedback questionnaire. We Shipping ask that you answer the questions, make any relevant comments If you plan to purchase heavy items, we would recommend that and hand it back to your Travel Director. The questionnaires are you have them shipped to your home address, as airline charges sealed and returned to our Head Office. Every sheet is read and are high for excess baggage. This can either be arranged by a summary of each vacation is given to management, and where the shop where you make your purchases, or you can make up necessary, appropriate action is taken to rectify any problems. 10 Trafalgar’s London Reception Center

Your home away from home! Summer Opening Hours (8 April – 25 October 2013) A friendly welcome awaits you at Trafalgar’s new London Sunday to Thursday 5am – 7pm Reception Center – the departure point for all itineraries Friday & Saturday 5am – 8pm commencing in London. Our aim is to make your stay Winter Opening Hours in London as enjoyable as possible, so drop in and take advantage of our fantastic range of services and facilities. Daily 7am – 7pm In an excellent location very close to Waterloo train station Hospitality Service and opposite the famous London Eye, the Center features state-of-the-art design and technology. Here you can relax in If you are staying in a Trafalgar hotel, your Trafalgar Local comfort before your Trafalgar itinerary departs. Catch up with Host will visit daily to provide you with important departure international news on TV, read the paper or check your emails information and assist you in any other way they can. Please using our free Wi-Fi facility or internet café. check the hotel noticeboard for visiting hours and information, or ask the concierge. At the Hospitality Desk, our highly trained Local Hosts can arrange additional accommodationss and confirm any current If you are not staying at a Trafalgar hotel the night prior to the bookings on your behalf, as well as book London sightseeing trip departure date, please ensure you contact us on +44 207 excursions, an exciting range of out-of-town trips, plus priority 620 8900 to reconfirm. You must quote your Trafalgar booking entry tickets to famous London attractions such as Madame reference number when you call. The reference number is Tussaud’s, the Planetarium and London Eye. located at the bottom of your Trafalgar vouchers. For further information, visit us online at www.trafalgar.com/lrc Mail Many of our guests are away from home for some time, so if Address & Contact Details you are in London and wish to receive mail while away, you can have it sent to Trafalgar’s London Reception Center to Trafalgar London Reception Center await your collection. It should be clearly addressed showing 79 York Road, London SE1 7NJ your surname in capital letters, your guided vacation number Tel: +44 (0) 207 620 8900 and date of arrival in London, and the name of your Trafalgar Email: [email protected] London hotel.

London Reception Center

11 Austria Capital: Vienna Population: 8.3 million Location: Central Europe Land area: 83,858km2 (32,378mi2) Language: German Famous for: Apple Strudel, Mozart, Sound of Music

Money Matters chocolate sponge cake with apricot jam in the middle, covered in dark chocolate icing). Local beers are excellent The currency used is the Euro. Euro coins are issued in 2, 1, and reasonably priced. White wines are popular (Riesling, 50c, 20c, 10c, 5c, 2c, and 1c and notes in 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, Veltliner), but there are some good red wines. Schnapps liquor 10, 5. ATMs are widespread in Austria and are called Bankomat. is found in most German speaking countries and is made by Geography distilling various fruits. Austrian water, which comes from the Syrian Alps, tastes mountain-fresh. However, if you come It is a landlocked country with a major river known as the across a sign ‘Kein Trinkwasser’ the water is NOT fit for drinking. Danube. Austria is mainly an alpine country two thirds being mountainous. Best Buys Climate and Clothing Cameras, glassware/crystal, chinaware – Viennese local handicrafts, dirndls (traditional Austrian dress), embroidered The climate in Austria is a moderate continental climate. blouses and lederhosen, woodcarvings, dried flower pictures, Summer days are warm with cooler evenings and winters Viennese petit point, winter sports equipment. are cold. Even in summer you will need a cardigan or jumper for the sudden cooler evenings. Shopping Hours Manners and Customs Shops are generally open Monday-Friday 9am to 6pm. Many shops close at 12 noon or 5pm on Saturdays and Austrians tend to be formal in both their social and business are closed on Sundays. dealings. One should shake hands when greeting or saying goodbye. It is considered impolite to leave a restaurant or Postal Information shop without saying ‘Auf Wiedersehen’ – Goodbye. Tipping is Stamps can be purchased at post offices and tobacconists. not high but widespread. On restaurant bills 10-15% is added, Post boxes are painted yellow. and it is usual to leave only small change. Telephone Food and Drink The country code is +43 (dialling in) and international access Austrian food is distinctive and is traditionally of the stodgy, 00 (dialling out). Telephones are recognized by a sign with a hearty ‘meat and dumplings’ variety. Traditional dishes include black receiver in a yellow circle on the door and the word Wiener schnitzel (veal in breadcrumbs) and Goulash. Many of ‘fernsprecher’. All booths have multilingual instructions. the simpler meals are often made with rice, potatoes and Directory assistance is 118200. Many post offices also have dumplings (Knödel), with delicious sauces. It is renowned for telephones where calls are made and paid for at the its pastries, desserts and cakes; the most famous ones being counter afterwards. Apfelstudel (Apple Strudel) and Sachertorte (a 2-layer eKIT The access number for Austria is 0800-291-018. Public Toilets In general you will need to pay to use a public toilet. Toilets will either be staffed by a toilet assistant or will be ‘slot’ machine operated. Prices range between €0.20 and €1. Toilets may be labelled with symbols of a man and a woman, the initial WC with ‘Damen’ (ladies) and ‘Herren’ (gentlemen).

Canola field, Salzburg

12 Belarus Capital: Minsk Population: 9.7 million Location: Eastern Europe Land Area: 207,600km2 (80,154mi2) Language: Belarusian and Russian Famous for: 1991 – USSR was dissolved

Money Matters (a tasty potato dish with mushrooms) and draniki, (a potato pancake served with pickled berries). Stews, sausages, bread The currency used is the Belarusian ruble (BYR). Bank notes and vegetables such as cabbage are commonly found on are issues in 50,000, 20,000, 10,000, 5000, 1000, 500, 100, 50, menus. Alcoholic drinks include beer and vodka and non- 10 and 5 denominations. There are no coins in circulation. alcoholic drinks include herb teas and coffee. Tap water There are numerous bureau de change in Belarusian cities to should be filtered and boiled before drinking; we advise change foreign currency to Belarusian roubles. There should drinking only bottled water. be no problem with exchanging US dollars, Euros and Russian roubles. Best Buys Bank opening hours Wooden caskets, trinket boxes, straw items, decorative plates Monday – Friday 9am to 5.30pm. and other handicraft items are good buys. Typical Russian souvenirs like the wooden matryoshka dolls and original Geography samovars are also available. Antiquities, valuables, works of art Belarus is a landlocked country bordered by Russia to the and manuscripts other than those offered for sale in souvenir northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west and Latvia shops require an export license. Scarina Avenue is the main to the northwest. It has large areas of flat land and around street in Minsk with antique shops and two department stores. 11,000 lakes. Only Belarusian rubles are accepted. However, nearly every shop has a currency exchange counter. Climate and Clothing Shopping Hours The climate is moderately continental and humid with Shops are generally open Mondays to Saturdays, 9am to 7pm. temperatures averaging -6°C (20°F) in January and +18°C In big cities shops are open daily and many open 24 hours (64°F) in July. Medium to heavyweight clothing is required a day. in winter. Waterproofs are advisable throughout the year. Telephone Manners and Customs The country code is +375 (dialling in) and to make Handshaking is the usual form of greeting. Hospitality is part of international calls (dialling out) it is necessary to dial 8, wait the tradition and people are welcoming and friendly. for a tone then dial 10. Calls from Belarus to some countries must be booked through the international operator. Public Food and Drink telephones take phone cards. Grey phone booths are for Traditional cuisine includes borscht (a soup made with internal calls and blue ones for international calls. beetroot, which is served hot with sour cream), dracheny,

Medieval castle, Mir

13 Belgium

Capital: Brussels Population: 10.8 million Location: Western Europe Land Area: 30,500km2 (1,783mi2 ) Language: Flemish, French and German Famous for: Chocolates and mussels

Money Matters Food and Drink The currency used is the Euro. Exchange offices are open Mussels and ‘frites’ (French Fries) are the specialty but other Mondays to Fridays, 8am to 12 noon and 1pm to 5pm. These delicious dishes include ‘waterzooi’ (chicken or seafood offices, together with the banks, give a far better exchange cooked in cream sauce with vegetables), ‘Anguille au vert’ (eel rate than hotels, shops and restaurants. Major credit cards are flavored with sorrel, sage and parsley), and ‘carbonade’ (beef widely accepted. casserole cooked with onions and beer). The best known dessert of Belgian origin must be waffles, but ‘crêpes aux Bank opening hours pommes’ (apple pancakes) are definitely worth trying. Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 12 noon and 2pm to 4pm/5pm; some banks are open 9am to 12 noon on Saturdays. With almost everything the most common drink is Belgian beer of which there are over 500 varieties. The water in Geography Belgium is safe to drink. The majority of West European capitals are within 1,000km (610 miles) of Brussels. Best Buys Lace, glass and crystal ware, pewter, leather goods, antiques Climate and clothing and Belgian chocolates - said to be the best in the world. From the coast inland to Brussels, the Belgian climate is Shopping Hours temperate maritime, similar to south-east England. The Shops are generally open Mondays to Saturdays 9am to 6pm. Ardennes have more continental weather, with warmer Some shops close between 12 noon and 2pm. summers and colder winters. The average temperature is lowest in January at 3 °C (37 °F) and highest in July at 18 °C Postal Information (64 °F). Rain can be expected at any time of year and so a light Look for the words Postes/Posterijen in shiny white letters on a raincoat would be very useful. red background. Opening hours are 8am to 5pm or 9am to Manners and Customs 6pm. You may also purchase stamps at many news stands, bookshops, street kiosks and vending machines. Mail boxes Belgians are generally friendly. Muster your school French or are red and are generally wall-mounted. dabble in Dutch and you’ll find locals will appreciate your efforts and respond. On the other hand, it won’t take you Telephone long to meet a resident English-speaker in Brussels’ The country code is +32 (dialling in) and international access cosmopolitan world. 00 (dialling out). Away from the hotels the TT Téléphone- Télégraphe/Telefoon-Telegraaf) office is the place to make international and reverse charge (collect) telephone calls. eKIT The access numbers are Belgium 0800-49943, Brussels economy 02-400-6848 and Nationwide economy 078-160-170. Public Toilets Public conveniences can be found in the larger metro and railway stations, museums and department stores. If there’s an attendant on duty, a few cents’ tip is customary. The rare and less than salubrious street facilities are best avoided. If toilet doors are not marked with the usual silhouettes, you’ll see the inscriptions WC, Toilettes/Toiletten, Dames (ladies) and Messieurs/Heren (gentlemen). Manneken Pis, Brussels

14 Bulgaria

Capital: Sofia Population: 7.5 million Location: South East Europe Land Area: 110,910km2 (42,822mi2) Language: Bulgarian Famous for: Black Sea beaches and yoghurt

Money Matters Food and Drink The currency used is the Lev (Lv). It is divided into 100 Because of its geographical position and long history stotinki (1 Lev = 100 stotinki). Coins are issued in 1, 2, 5, Bulgarian cuisine is a mixture between Slavonic, Greek 10, 20, 50 stotinki, 1 lev and banknotes in 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and Turkish cuisines. Specialty foods include Bansko-style 100 leva. kapama (meat and vegetables stewed in an earthenware dish), Rhodope cheverme (lamb roasted on a spit over an Bank opening hours open fire) and Thracian katmi (a special type of pancake). Mondays to Fridays 9am to 4pm. National specialties include Shopska salad (sliced tomatoes, Geography cucumbers, peppers and parsley topped with grated sheep’s cheese) and tarator (a cold soup of chopped cucumber, It may be small but Bulgaria has a great variety of walnuts and yogurt). Also tempting is shish kebab, stuffed vine topographical features. The land can be divided into or cabbage leaves and moussaka. Bulgarian wines are the plains, plateaus, hills, mountains, basins, gorges, and deep perfect companion for Bulgarian food. Bulgaria is one of the river valleys. world’s largest wine producers. The Bulgarian white and red wines such as Gumza, Dimiat, Pamid, Muscat, Misket, Mavrud Climate and Clothing and Melnik are well known to connoisseurs. Tap water is Bulgaria has a temperate climate, with cool and damp winters, normally chlorinated, and while relatively safe, can cause mild very hot and dry summers, and a Mediterranean influence stomach upsets. It is advisable to drink bottled water. along the Black Sea coast. Climate varies according to elevation and it frequently rains during spring and autumn. Best Buys Medium weight clothing is required most of the year and The main shopping area of Sofia is the Vitosha Boulevard. warmer outdoor wear is necessary in winter. Bulgarian handicrafts, wines, spirits and confectionery can all be purchased. Manners and Customs Shopping Hours Normal courtesies should be observed and handshaking is Shops and stores are generally open Mondays to Saturdays, the normal form of greeting. Dress should be conservative 10am to 8pm. but casual. If invited to the home, a small souvenir from one’s homeland is an acceptable gift. Do not give money. Postal Information Remember that a nod of the head means no and a shake of the head means yes. The General Post Office in Four Gurko Street in Sofia is open 24 hours. Post office opening hours are usually Mondays to Fridays 8.30am to 5.30pm.

Telephone The country code is +359 (dialling in) and international access 00 (dialling out). Calls from some parts of the country must be placed through the international operator. There are many public telephones in the main towns.

Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria

15 Croatia

Capital: Zagreb Population: 4.5 million Location: South East Europe Land Area: 56,542km2 (21,830mi2) Language: Croatian Famous for: Neckties/cravat and Marco Polo

Money Matters cheese filling). Croatian beer (pivo) is of a high quality and of the light lager variety. The regional wines (vino) are good The currency used is the Kuna (kn). It is divided in 100 lipa and cheap. Try Croatia’s favorite brandy sljivovica, made (1 kuna = 100 lipa). Coins are issued in 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 from plums or travarica, a herbal brandy. Italian espresso is lipa and 1, 2, and 5 kuna and notes in 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, also popular. Mains water is normally chlorinated, and while 500 and 1000 kuna. relatively safe, may cause mild abdominal upsets. Bottled Bank opening hours water is advisable. Mondays to Fridays 7.30am to 7pm. Best Buys Geography Croata kravata (Croatian cravats – ties), Maraschino (cherry) The vast majority of Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast liqueur of the Zadar region, Pag island lace is a handcrafted of Croatia; there are approximately 1200 islands. decorative work from the island of Pag, silk embroidery of Konavle and Morcic´ jewelry are the main souvenirs in Rijeka. Climate Tourists can reclaim VAT on expenditure of more than K500. Croatia has a varied climate, with continental climate Ensure all receipts are retained after any purchase is made, conditions (hot summers and cold winters) in the north as the authorities do have the power to fine visitors without and a pleasant Mediterranean climate on the Adriatic relevant documents. This is to prevent VAT evasion coast (hot dry summers and mild winters). by shopkeepers. Shopping Hours Manners and Customs Mondays to Fridays, 8am to 8pm and Saturdays, 8am to 2pm. People normally shake hands upon meeting and leaving. Some shops in cities may now open on Sundays. Smoking is generally acceptable but there are restrictions in public buildings and on public transportationation. Postal Information Post offices (posta or HPT) are open Monday to Fridays, Food and Drink 7 or 8am to 7pm and Saturdays, 8am to 1pm. Stamps (marke) There is a varied and distinctive range of cuisine on offer in are also available at news stands. Croatia. The Adriatic coast excels in seafood: Regional dishes include scampi, prstaci (shellfish), and Dalmatian brodet Telephone (mixed fish stewed with rice). Inland look for specialties such The country code is +385 (dialling in) and international access as manistra od bobica (beans and fresh maize soup) or struki is 00. Public telephones use magnetic cards (telekarta), when (baked cheese dumpling). Traditional dishes from the area making long distance and international calls, it’s usually easier around Zagreb include purica z mlincima (turkey with pasta to go to the post office, where you’re assigned a cabin and noodles), and strukli (ravioli-like pasta dough balls with a given the bill afterwards. Useful website www.croatia.hr

Zagreb Cathedral

16 Czech Republic

Capital: Prague Population: 10.5 million Location: Central Europe Land Area: 78,864km2 (30,332mi2) Language: Czech Famous for: Beer and author Franz Kafka

Money Matters side dishes, and are even stuffed with fruit as a dessert. The best-known Czech beer is Pilsner Urquell (Plzensky Prazdroj The currency used is the Czech Koruna (CZK). It is divided into in Czech), which claims the title of the original pilsner beer. 100 haler (1 Koruna = 100 haler). Coins are issued in 50h, 1, 2, Every Czech town of any size will have a brewery; they’re 5, 10, 20 and 50 korun (20 korun is more commonly found as almost all good. Moravia is a winegrowing region, and while it coins, whereas 50 korun is more common as a banknote) and may not rank among the world’s best, it is very drinkable and notes in 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 korun. very affordable. Tap water is normally chlorinated, and while Bank opening hours relatively safe, may cause mild stomach upsets. Bottled water Generally Mondays to Fridays, 8am to 6pm. Some banks close is available and advised. early on Fridays. Best Buys Geography Souvenirs include Bohemian glass, Czech crystal and porcelain, It is a landlocked country, with two low-lying river basins beaded jewelry, Czech marionettes and puppets made by surrounded by forest clad hills. With the fall of communism Czech artisans, wooden folk carvings and handmade wooden the local industry has had to adhere to stricter environmental toys. Other special purchases include pottery (particularly from standards. This has improved the state of the rivers and forests. Kolovec and Straznice) and geyser stone carvings from Karlovy Vary, delicate lace and needle embroidery from many Moravian Climate and Clothing towns and blood-red garnets and semi-precious stones The Czech Republic has a moderate climate with great local from Bohemia. diversity throughout the year. Generally winters are cold and Shopping Hours summers mild. The hottest months have the highest level of Mondays to Fridays, 8am to 6pm, Saturdays 8am to 12 rainfall. A raincoat is recommended. noon. The number of shops also open on Sunday is constantly increasing. Manners and Customs Dress should be casual but conservative, except at formal Postal Information dinners and at quality hotels or restaurants. Stamps are available from the post office and news stands. Letters go in the orange post boxes around the city. There Food and Drink is a 24-hour service at the main post office in Prague at 14 Czech cuisine is considered heavy and very filling as meals are Jindrisská Street, Prague 1. mainly meat and starch based. Long and cold winters do not allow for a variety of fresh vegetables. The meat dishes (beef Telephone goulash) are commonly served with knedlíky (dumplings), The country code is +420 (dialling in) and international code is brambory (potatoes), or rýe (rice). Dumplings are popular 00 (dialling out). There are public telephone booths, including special kiosks for international calls. Most of the public telephone boxes take phone cards, which can be purchased at all Telecom points of sale and at newsagent and tobacconist shops. eKIT The access number for Czech Republic is: 800-142-069.

Charles Bridge, Prague

17 Denmark

Capital: Copenhagen Population: 5.5 million Location: Northern Europe Land Area: 43,094km2 (16,638mi2 ) Language: Danish Famous for: Hans Christian Andersen, Lego

Money Matters specialty for lunch is ‘platte’, which is a selection of cold meats and salads or ‘smorrebrod’, a type of open sandwich with The currency used is the Danish Krone (DKK). It is divided into many fillings and pickled herring. A traditional food includes 100 øre (1 Krone = 100 øre). Coins are issued in 25, 50 øre, 1, frikadeller (fried meatballs, often served with potatoes and 2, 5, 10, 20 kroner and notes in 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 kroner. various sorts of gravy) and marinated fish such as herring ATMs are in widespread use. and plaice are also popular. Popular drinks include beer and Bank opening hours aquavit, a local spirit distilled from potatoes or similar starch Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays 9.30am plants. Tap water in Denmark is safe to drink. to 4.30pm, except Thursdays 9.30am to 5.30pm. Best Buys Geography Porcelain, pottery and glassware. A quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen. Shopping Hours Over 20% of electricity is supplied by wind turbines across Mondays to Thursdays, 9.30 or 10am to 5.30pm, Fridays from the country. 9.30am to 7 or 8pm and Saturdays from 9.30am to 4pm. Climate and Clothing Postal Information Denmark has a temperate climate. Cool summer days with Post offices are open from Mondays to Fridays 10am to an average temperature of around 17-23ºC (64- 74ºF) and 5.30pm. When buying postcards from souvenir shops, summer nights are often chilly. A sweater or wrap is essential. you can get the appropriate stamps on the spot. A light overcoat or raincoat is also useful. Telephone Manners and Customs The currency code is +45 (dialling in) and international access The Danes are often frank and informal in their attitudes. 00 (dialling out). In many places there are full automatic phone A smile and a friendly interest should be taken as such and boxes taking 2 x 25 ore, 1 krone or 5 krone coins. Use only nothing more, and a straightforward remark should not be the smallest coins available as the automatic machines do not taken as rudeness. Tipping has almost been abolished and return coins if the number dialled is engaged. Several calls can any tipping should only be as recognition of good service. be made if some credit remains in the telephone. Dress is informal. The smoking ban in Denmark restricts smoking in restaurants to separate smoking rooms. eKIT The access number for Denmark is 8088-1909. Food and Drink Public Toilets Like its Nordic neighbors Finland, Norway, Iceland, and Sweden, Danish cuisine consists mainly of meat and fish. A Indicated by a symbol, alternatively they are marked WD, ‘Toiletter’, ‘Damen/Herrer’ (Ladies/Gentlemen) or just D/H. There is no charge unless marked otherwise. Useful website www.visitdenmark.com

Nyhavn, Copenhagen

18 Egypt

Capital: Cairo Population: 90 million Location: Northern Africa Land Area: 1,001,450km2 (86,662mi2) Language: Arabic Famous for: Pyramids, The Nile, Cleopatra

Money Matters marinated in spices and grilled over charcoal) and hummus (chickpea dip). Although Egypt is a Muslim country, alcohol The currency used is the Egyptian Pound (LE). It is divided into is still available in selected restaurants. However, local wine 100 piasters (1 Egyptian Pound = 100 piasters). It is mainly a is definitely an acquired taste. Kahwa (thick, strong coffee) paper currency but there are also 25, 50 and 100 (1 pound) and Shay bil na’na’ (mint tea) are very popular drinks. It is piaster coins. recommended that you only drink bottled mineral water. Bank opening hours Sundays to Thursdays only from 9.30am to 2pm. Best Buys Papyrus paintings, jewelry, copperware, stone carvings, Geography perfume oils in beautiful glass blown bottles. It is the only land bridge between Africa and the remainder of Shopping Hours the Eastern Hemisphere, it controls the Suez Canal, a sea link 10am to 7pm (winter) and 10am to 8pm (summer). between the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Postal Information Climate and Clothing Green post boxes with a motorcycle picture are for express Except for the Mediterranean coast the country experiences a mail, blue with an aeroplane for airmail and red with a train for desert climate, which is hot and dry most of the year. Egypt’s ordinary mail. climate demands the coolest possible cotton clothing from May to September; a hat and sunglasses are essential. Telephone Manners and Customs The country code is +20 (dialling in) and international access 00 (dialling out). Public telephones are most commonly found Egypt society is conservative by nature and it is encouraged to in cigarette shops. If you make a local call from your hotel respect local customs and sensitivities by dressing modestly. room, you may be charged several times the normal rate. Being a Muslim society, women especially are encouraged to wear long skirts or loose fitting trousers and to cover their shoulders. In Cairo (and when visiting mosques) a head-scarf may also be necessary; men should wear trousers and a shirt. Food and Drink For a taste of Egyptian fare try a mezzeh – a selection of local salads, cheese, vine leaves and meat or Makhallal (tursho) spicy pickled vegetables. Or kebabs (chunks of lamb

Pyramids of Giza, Egypt Abu Simbel Temple, Egypt

19 England

Capital: London Population: 51 million Location: Western Europe Land Area: 130,395km2 (50,150mi2) Language: English Famous for: The Royal Family, Harrods, tea, fish and chips

Money Matters hearty flavor, order succulent English pork chops, or ham, baked or roasted. Gammon, a cut of ham is boiled or fried. The currency used is the Pound Sterling (British Pound). It is Main courses are normally garnished with a selection of divided into pence (1 Pound Sterling = 100 pence). Coins are vegetables – green beans, brussel sprouts, cauliflower or peas issued in 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p, £1 and £2 and notes in £5, and potatoes. Most pubs serve good hearty meals including £10, £20 and £50. Credit cards are widely accepted and ATMs fish and chips and you may wish to sample traditional English are everywhere. beer (bitter). If you feel like a change, a variety of other Geography types of cuisine from around the globe are readily available, in particular in London. The water throughout the United England is the most populous country in the United Kingdom. Kingdom is safe to drink. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands Best Buys including the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. It is only Shopping in London will more than satisfy the appetite of any 35km (21 miles) from France and is linked by the underwater shopper. London’s department stores are legendary, the most Channel Tunnel. No location is more than 125km (77 miles) famous being Harrods, Harvey Nichols, Selfridges and for old from tidal waters. world architecture and high end fashion, Liberty. Good buys Climate and Clothing include antiques, clothing (designer and high street), china and glass (Royal Doulton, Spode, and Minton). England has a temperate climate, with plenty of rainfall all Shopping hours year round, though the seasons are quite variable in Mondays to Saturdays, 9am to 5.30pm. Many shops are open temperature. Temperatures rarely fall below 5°C (23°F) or rise on Sundays. In central London, the shops open later in the above 30°C (86°F). Be sure to take an umbrella. morning but generally stay open until around 7pm in the Manners and Customs evening. Late night shopping is until 8/9pm in Oxford Street, Regent Street, Bond Street and Kensington High Street and all Tipping is expected by most people providing a service - taxi shops are open on Sundays in these areas. drivers, hotel doormen and airport and railway porters. A tip of 10-15% of the cost of the service is acceptable. In hotels Postal Information and restaurants, check whether a service charge has been Post Office opening times vary but are generally open from added to the bill. Smoking is now illegal in all public places. Monday to Friday 9am to 5:30pm and Saturday 9am to 1pm. Food and Drink The most traditional meal is roast beef (served with Yorkshire puddings), pork or lamb, served with roast potatoes. For

Buckingham Palace, London English pub

20 England continued...

Public Transportation in London Telephone The London Underground or tube, is the fastest and easiest The country code is +44 (dialling in) and international access way to get around town. In central London you are never more 00, then the country code, area code (omitting any initial ‘0’) than a few minutes’ walk from a station. Each line has a name and finally the telephone number. For phoning home, you may but you’ll probably find the colors easier to remember. What find it more convenient to use a phone card telephone rather you pay generally depends on how many zones (1 - 6 zones) than an ordinary payphone. Some payphones also accept you travel through. You must buy a ticket before you travel credit cards. and put it in the automatic entry/exit gates. The best way to see the sights is from the upper decks of a famous red double eKIT decker bus. They pass almost all the capital’s landmarks and The access numbers for England is 0800-032-6297, London famous shops. You’ll find it much easier and cheaper to buy economy 020-7943-2772 and Nationwide economy 0845-085- a Travelcard or a Visitor Oyster Card which are both valid 0855. for use on London’s red buses and on the Underground. Travelcards are paper tickets available for 1 or 7 days of travel Useful Addresses and Phone Numbers in London. Oyster is a smartcard which can store credit to pay London Tourist Information Center, for journeys. It is valid across all travel zones and automatically Victoria Station Forecourt calculates the cheapest fare for all the journeys you make in London, SW1V 1JU a single day. Further information can be found at: T +44 0 90 68 66 3344 http://visitorshop.tfl.gov.uk/home.html Visit London, Taxis in London 6th Floor, 2 More London Riverside London SE1 2RR If traveling around London a black cab/minicab is your safest T 020 7234 5800 option. You can stop a black cab anywhere provided the yellow ‘for hire’ sign is illuminated. Minicabs are a cheaper Useful websites option for longer journeys and have to be ordered by telephone. Make sure you ask the price prior to booking. www.visitbritain.com Consult the ‘Yellow Pages’ telephone directory under the www.visitlondon.com heading ‘minicabs’.

Tower of London, London

21 Estonia

Capital: Tallinn Population: 1.4 million Location: Eastern Europe Land Area: 45,226km2 (17,461mi2) Language: Estonian Famous for: Folk dancing

Money Matters and often the best part of the meal. Local specialties include sült (jellied veal), täidetud vasikarind (roast stuffed shoulder of The currency used is the Kroon (EEK). It is divided into senti veal) and rosolje (vinaigrette with herring and beets). Braised (1 Estonian Kroon – 100 senti). Coins are issued in Kr5 and goose stuffed with apples and plums is also a Baltic specialty. 1, and 50, 20, 10 and 5 senti and notes in Kr500, 100, 50, 25, The Estonian restaurant scene is now amazingly diverse, 10, 5, 2 and 1. Credit cards are widely accepted and there especially in Tallinn. Produced in Estonia is the sweet liqueur are ATMs in most towns. Vana. It is very strong and is best served in coffee, over ice Geography with milk or, if you feel up to it, in a champagne cocktail called Hammer and Sickle. Some cafes and bars serve tasty, warming Estonia is on the north-eastern edge of the European Union, hõõgvein (mulled wine). Estonian vodka (Viru Valge brand) is bordering Russia and Latvia. The mainland terrain is flat, very fiery! Saku Originaal is the best brand of national beer. boggy, and partly wooded and offshore lie more than 1,500 islands. Best Buys Climate and Clothing Typical Estonian handicrafts include pottery, woollen items and leather goods (purses, wallets and belts). Amber and Estonia’s climate is temperate, with four seasons of near-equal local folk art are good buys, along with the high-quality length. The warmest month is July and the coldest months hand-knitted sweaters, which you see everywhere. As in are January and February. Estonia’s climate is relatively mild other eastern European countries, Soviet and pre-Soviet because of its proximity to water. Even in summer, you should memorabilia, such as coins and medals, are readily available, take along at least a sweater for the cool evenings. as are caviar and vodka. Manners and Customs Shopping Hours Mondays to Fridays, 10am to 6pm, some on Saturdays Handshaking is customary. Normal courtesies should be 10am to 5pm, and department stores from 10am to 8pm. observed. Estonians are proud of their culture and their national heritage, and visitors should take care to respect this Postal Information sense of national identity. Post office hours are Mondays to Fridays, 8am to 7pm, Food and Drink and Saturdays from 9am to 5pm. Fish features on many Estonian menus, with a specialty being Telephone smoked fish, especially trout (suitsukala). Other typical foods The country code is +372 (dialling in) and for international include blood sausages (verivorst) and sauerkraut, which is access (dialling out) dial 8, wait for the long tone and then served in most traditional Estonian restaurants. Black rye dial 00. An English directory enquiries service is available on bread accompanies most meals. Hors d’oeuvres are very good 8 1182. Public telephones, which are plentiful, are operated by phone cards available from kiosks.

Old Tallinn

22 Finland

Capital: Helsinki Population: 5.2 million Location: Northern Europe Land Area: 337,000km2 (30,115mi2) Language: Finnish and Swedish Famous for: Saunas, Lapland, Santa Claus and reindeers

Money Matters liqueurs and ciders are also popular, along with Kahvi (coffee). Tap water is perfectly safe to drink, and restaurants serve The currency of Finland has been the Euro since 2001. ATMs inexpensive mineral water (kivennaisvesi). are widely distributed and credit cards are widely accepted. Postal Information Geography Mailboxes are painted yellow with the traditional post-horn The population is concentrated on the small south western in black. Stamps can be bought at stationery shops, hotels, coastal plain. railway stations and yellow stamp machines. Post office hours Climate and Clothing are from Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 5pm. Finland has a temperate climate. Summers days are generally Best Buys long and sunny, but rarely uncomfortably hot, average Leather goods, fabrics, footwear, furniture, clothing temperature is 21ºC (70ºF). Light clothing is recommended, (particularly sportswear) are recognized for their consistently though sweaters prove useful for chilly evenings. Winters are high quality. A wide variety of glass and ceramics – best known cold and snowy; warm woollen clothing is essential. factories are Arabia (ceramics and china), Nuutajärvi, Littala Manners and Customs and Riihimäki (glass). Shopping Hours A general guideline is that you tip for good service, but it is Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 5/6pm, shops not expected as hotel and restaurant bills tend to include open on Saturdays and close at 1 or 2pm. service charges. Food and Drink Telephone The international country code is +358 (dialling in) and Fish and shellfish are excellent, together with juusto (cheese) international access is 00. and sweets such as Mustikkapiirakka (blueberry pie) and Raparperikiisseli (rhubarb pudding). Finnish specialties include eKIT Hernekeitto (pea soup with pieces of pork), Kalakukko (a thick The access number for Finland is 0800-112-010. loaf of rye bread baked with a filling of fish and pork) and Karjalanpiirakka (a thin shell of rye dough filled with rice or potato). Restaurants also serve reindeer and bread is a firm favorite. Finland is traditionally a beer drinking country. Berry

Old Town pier, Helsinki

23 France

Capital: Paris Population: 65 million Location: Western Europe Land Area: 547,030km2 (211,209mi2) Language: French Famous for: Eiffel Tower, croissants and fashion

Money Matters as to whether English is spoken. Handshaking is performed on meeting and parting or a kiss on both cheeks for those people The currency used is the Euro. Some banks are closed on you are more familiar with. Mondays and open on Saturdays. In the provinces most banks close for lunch. Credit cards are widely accepted. Food and Drink Geography The French have an ongoing love affair with food and wine. Meals are lovingly prepared and consumed leisurely through a France, officially called the Republic of France, is located in bevy of appetizers and main courses, usually accompanied by Western Europe. The country also has several overseas a number of wines. Boeuf bourgignon (beef stew with wine, territories and islands around the world but the mainland of herbs and vegetables), coq au vin (chicken cooked with bacon France is called Metropolitan France. It stretches north to in a white wine and herb sauce) and bouillabaisse (fish stew) south from the Mediterranean Sea to the North Sea and the are featured on many menus. Cheese lovers will not be English Channel and from the Rhine River to the Atlantic Ocean. disappointed with hundreds of varieties to choose from. Corsica is one of the 27 regions of France, but it is designated as a territorial collectivity by law. Although the island is No visit would be complete without a visit to a pâtisserie, with separated from the continental mainland by the Ligurian Sea its delicate pastries you will definitely be tempted. Wine is the and is closer to Italy than to the French mainland, politically most popular alcoholic drink in France and of course for Corsica is part of Metropolitan France. It is located north of the special occasions there is champagne. Typically French Italian island of Sardinia and mountains comprize two-thirds of apéritifs (pre-dinner drinks) are Pastis, Ricard or Pernod. Coffee the island, forming a single chain. Corsica's culture contains will generally be served black, unless a café au lait or café elements of both the French and Italian, and the native crème (with milk) is requested. Tap water is safe, except when Corsican language is recognized as a regional language by the marked ‘eau non potable’ (unsafe for drinking). There are French government. many varieties of bottled water to choose from. Climate and Clothing Best Buys Generally cool winters and mild summers. However, along Perfume, clothing, lace, crystal/glass, china, silk scarves and the coast it is a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and ties, gloves, cheeses, coffee, wines, spirits and liqueurs. hot summers. In summer a good rule is lightweight clothing Shopping Hours with a sweater and in winter warm woollens plus a raincoat. Mondays to Saturdays, 9am to 6.30pm. Many shops close for lunch between noon and 2pm. In provincial France shops are Manners and Customs often closed on Monday mornings. The French are very proud to be French and a few words of French will receive a more friendly reply than a request Postal Information Post office opening hours are Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 7pm and Saturday 9am to 12 noon. Stamps can also be bought at ‘Tabacs’. In the provinces most post offices close for lunch. Telephone The international country code is +33 (dialling in) and for international access (dialling out) dial 00. Most phone booths only accept phone cards.

Eiffel Tower, Paris

24 France continued... eKIT Arc de Triomphe to the Place de la Concorde, and is lined The access numbers are France 0805-113-721, Paris economy with horse chestnut trees. 01-73-04-56-78 and Nationwide economy 0820-60-0052. The Louvre is one of the world’s greatest art museums. This Public Toilets former palace for the French King is now a storehouse for treasures such as the Venus de Milo, the Mona Lisa and the Those near important Metro stops in Paris are generally modern French crown jewels – just a few of the 200,000 pieces in six and quite clean. A saucer with small change on it means a tip is different collections on display. Musée D’Orsay on the Left expected. If the toilet has no light switch, the light will go on Bank houses France’s collection of paintings and sculptures when you lock the door. The women’s toilets are marked produced between the 1840s and 1914. Housing pieces by ‘Dames’, the men’s either ‘Messieurs’ or ‘Hommes’. Monet, Van Gogh, Matisse, Renoir, Cezanne and Degas is definitely worth a visit. Paris The Sacré Coeur Basilica situated on the top of Montmartre The Seine River divides Paris into two halves, the right and Hill deserves a visit. Its miraculously white facade derives from left bank. The Right Bank conjures up an image of bourgeois the special quality of the Chateau Landon stone that whitens respectability. Historically the stronghold of merchants and and hardens with age. For many its most attractive feature is royalty, it remains today the home of commerce and the view from the dome – you can easily see over 30 miles on government. Faubourg Saint Honoré offers the luxury of a clear day! Don’t miss the chance of an excursion to ‘haute couture’ and jewelry shops, also the authority of the Versailles, a beautiful palace located 19km (12 miles) outside President’s palace, while the Champs Élysées claims the Paris. Here Louis XIV created the most sumptuous royal court shops, film, advertising and airline companies. Europe had ever seen - partly for his own glory and partly The Left Bank, in complete contrast, has always had a to keep his nobles away from the trouble-making city of Paris. bohemian and intellectual image dating back to the founding A museum since 1832, this impressive chateau with extensive of the university and the monasteries. Today, the Sorbonne, gardens, a magnificent art collection and a wealth of historic the Académie Francaise, the publishing houses and a myriad connections proves a fascinating place to visit. of book shops continue to exude an intellectual magnetism. Left Bank theaters typically prefer avant-garde drama. Shopping The French shopper is one of the most demanding, so you can Places to Go expect to find quality and choice. Paris reigns supreme as the The River Seine is by far the best place to begin an fashion capital of the world, famous for its haute couture and exploration of Paris. The Seine provides a spectacular vantage ready-to-wear clothing and accessories. For more modestly point for city landmarks: the Palais de Chaillot and Trocadéro priced clothing visit department stores Printemps and the Gardens, the Grand and Petit Palais, the Palais Bourbon, Galeries Lafayette near the Opéra, the Bazar Hôtel de Ville Louvre Museum and Notre Dame all take on a dream-like (BHV) and the Samaritaine on the Right Bank, and the Bon quality when seen from a river boat. Marché on the Left Bank. Or wander down the Champs Élysées for stores such as Sephora (perfume and make-up), Petit-Bateau The cathedral of Notre Dame has had religious significance for (children’s wear), Louis Vuitton (designer leather goods), Lacoste at least 2,000 years. Building of the main part of Notre Dame (clothing) and international clothing stores such as Gap and began in 1163 and took 167 years to complete. The transition Zara. Antique lovers should take a trip to the Louvre des it represented from Romanesque to Gothic has been called Antiquaries on the Left Bank where shops specialize in a perfect expression of medieval architecture. Given the everything from ancient Egyptian pieces to Art Nouveau. cathedral’s gigantic size, the balance of its proportions and the harmony of its facade – it’s nothing short of a miracle. Paris by Night The Eiffel Tower was constructed for the World Fair of 1889 commemorating 100 years since the Revolution. It remains an The Paris night scene has lost none of the glitter that Toulouse outstanding example of engineering - 15,000 pieces of metal Lautrec made famous. Don’t miss the opportunity to see an joined together by 2,500,000 rivets, soaring 324m (1063ft) into exciting ‘Can-Can’ floor show at the ‘Moulin Rouge’ or ‘La the air. At the time, it was the tallest structure in the world. Nouvelle Eve’ where the productions are as spectacular as The critics hated it. Today however, it has become a symbol ever. For many, Paris’s most important attraction is not cabaret of Paris. but the cinema, Paris is a film-crazy city where directors and even screenplay writers often achieve a celebrity status equal The Champs Elysées still deserves to be called the world’s to that of the stars. Theater and art thrive here too. All in all, most celebrated avenue despite the commercialisation in this city has a supreme talent for living that makes it a favorite recent years. It stretches in a perfectly straight line, from the of the French and foreigners alike.

25 Germany

Capital: Berlin Population: 83 million Location: Central Europe Language: German Land Area: 357,021km2 (138,846mi2) Famous for: The Berlin Wall, OktoberFest, Rhine wines

Money Matters go past the world famous Black Forest Gateau. The national drink is beer - Germany has over 1,200 breweries. In Frankfurt, The currency used is the Euro. Foreign currency can be try the local cider (Apfelwein). Tap water is safe to drink. changed at ordinary banks or savings banks (Sparkasse), and also at travel agencies and hotels although at less Best Buys favourable rates. Clocks, music boxes, beer steins, cameras, porcelain and local Bank opening hours costume items such as lederhosen, dirndls and Tyrolean hats. Mondays to Fridays, 8.30am to 1pm and 2.30pm to 4pm (on Thursdays until 5.30pm). Shopping Hours Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 6.30pm and Saturdays, 9am Geography to 2pm. Germany has several geographical regions including lowlands Postal Information in the north, uplands in central parts and the Black Forest and Bavarian Alps in the south. Open Mondays to Fridays, 8am to 6pm and Saturdays, 8am to 12 noon. They also handle telegrams and telephone calls. Mail Climate boxes are painted yellow with a black post-horn. Post offices in train stations are often open later. Most of Germany has a temperate seasonal climate with hot summer and cold winters. Rain is not uncommon in the summer Telephone so don’t forget an umbrella. The country code is +49 (dialling in) and international access Manners and Customs code is 00. Telephone booths are glass boxes with yellow frames displaying a sign with a black receiver in a yellow While the people are generally friendly a formal culture is square. Calls abroad can be made from booths with a green present. Good manners and being polite when addressing disk marked ‘Ausland’. people is important. Both married and older women are addressed as ‘Frau’. Customs for formal dress are comparable eKIT to Britain. The access numbers are Germany 0800-100-6492, Frankfurt economy 069-6677-75528. Food and Drink Public Toilets You will find pork as a standard item on most menus. It is prepared in many different ways, and just about every part There is usually a charge to use public toilets. Some are staffed; of the animal is eaten. Specialties include Rippchen mit others have a slot machine on the door or at the entrance. Have Sauerkraut (pickled ribs of pork) and Bratwurst (grilled coins ready (10c, 20c or 50c pieces). Toilet signs may be a man sausages) are the most popular snack. For dessert you cannot or woman symbol, the initials ‘WC’, or ‘Herren’ (gentlemen) or ‘Damen’ (ladies).

Brandenburg Gate, Berlin

26 Greece

Capital: Athens Population: 11.4 million Location: Southern Europe Land Area: 131,940km2 (50,942mi2) Language: Greek Famous for: Greek Gods, Greek Islands, the Acropolis

Money Matters vine leaves) or a selection of dips such as Tzatziki (yogurt with finely chopped cucumber, garlic and olive oil), Melitzanosalata The currency used is the Euro. (eggplant purée) and Taramosalata (crushed fish eggs). Bank opening Hours Main dishes generally include meat, Moussaka (potatoes Banks are open Monday to Thursday 8am to 2.30pm but close topped with eggplants, onions, minced beef and béchamel on Fridays at 2.00pm. sauce) being the most famous, and kebabs. Geography Seafood dishes especially on the islands are recommended. There is a large range of Greek wines to choose from, the It is a peninsular country, with an archipelago of about 2,000 most famous being Retsina, a white wine made with pine islands. needle resin. Today's Greek wines are internationally Climate and Clothing recognized and are frequently awarded wine industry prizes. Local spirits include ouzo, an anise based clear spirit. Coffee is Greece has a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and thick and sugary. It is advisable to drink bottled mineral water. warm summers with little rainfall. From mid-May to September, it’s very hot in Athens so pack light clothing and good Best Buys sunglasses. Winters can get chilly and wet so bring a warm A selection of jewelry (gold, silver and reproductions jacket or coat. of ancient jewelry), handmade carpets and rugs, leather Spring and autumn evenings can turn cool so you may (shoes, clothes, handbags), handicrafts such as embroidered need a light sweater or raincoat. items, woodwork and pottery. Manners and Customs Shopping Hours Approximately 9am to 2.30pm on Mondays, Wednesdays Greek people are proud of their culture and with 97% being and Saturdays. Then approximately 9am to 2.30pm and then Christian Orthodox many of the traditional festivals celebrated 5.30pm to 8.30pm on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays. today are religious. The Greeks are generally gregarious, generous and hospitable. Postal Information Tipping is normally at 10% of the bill. Handshaking is common Stamps may be purchased at the post offices. The post boxes and frequent. A nod of the head is a negative response. are yellow. Stamps may also be bought at news stands and souvenir shops at a 10% surcharge. Food and Drink Food is celebrated in Greece. Appetizers (mezedes) come Telephone on small plates and can be shared. Try dolmades (stuffed The country code is +30 (dialling in) and the international access code is 00 (dialling out). Yellow phone booths permit direct dialling to countries abroad. eKIT The access numbers for Greece are 00800-126-434 or 00800-1809-201-2429. Public Toilets Located in parks and squares throughout the center of Athens. If there is someone in attendance, you should leave a small tip. Useful website The Acropolis, Athens www.gnto.gr

27 Hungary

Capital: Budapest Population :10.3 million Location: Central Europe Land Area: 93,030km2 (35,919mi2) Language: Hungarian Famous for: Inventions like the Rubik’s cube, ballpoint pen

Money Matters Best Buys The currency used is the Hungarian Forint (HUF). Coins are Traditional purchases include embroideries, Herend and issued in 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 HUF and notes in notes 200, 500, Zsolnay porcelain, wooden toys and national dolls. Food 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000 HUF. products such as caviar and foie gras, and Hungarian wines and spirits are also a good buy. Money can be changed at any Ibusz desk (at airport, hotels, main railway stations and at local offices) and banks. It is Shopping Hours strongly recommended that you change your money before Mondays to Fridays 10am to 6 or 7pm, Saturdays 10am to leaving Hungary. All exchange receipts must be kept and only 1pm. Shopping centers have longer hours and some shops 50% of changed money (up to a maximum of £50) can be re- are open on Sundays. exchanged. ATMs are found in Budapest. Postal Information Bank opening hours Mondays to Thursdays, 8am to 3pm and Fridays, 8am to 1pm. Mondays to Fridays, 8am to 6pm and Saturdays, 8am to 2pm. Post offices handle mail, telephone, telegraph and telex Geography services. Stamps can also be bought at tobacconists or where postcards are sold. Post boxes are painted red and usually A landlocked country. The north-south flowing Duna (Danube) decorated with the postal horn. and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions. Climate and Clothing Telephone The country code is +36 (dialling in) and international access Hungary has a continental climate with cold winters and is 00 (dialling out). Pay phones are usually green and yellow warm to hot summers. Temperatures can fluctuate – average or white aluminium glass-front kiosks. Self-explanatory July temperatures are around 27ºC (81ºF) but the weather instructions are displayed in all phone boxes. International can suddenly change into a very brisk chill, so pack for all calls are best made through the hotel switchboard or at a eventualities and bring a raincoat. Be prepared for snow and post office. The number for directory enquiries in foreign bracing cold in the winter. languages is 172-200. Manners and Customs eKIT The Hungarians are a hospitable people, well-known for their The access number for Hungary are 06800-17053 or informal social life. English is not widely spoken outside cities, 06800-15970. although some knowledge of German is useful. Public Toilets Food and Drink In Budapest, there are public toilets in metro stations, parks, Hungarian dishes are often rich with sour cream, onions, eggs, squares and museums. The toilet sign may say ‘mosdo’ or butter and wine. Dishes are usually flavored with paprika. ‘WC’ (pronounced vay-tsay). If not illustrated by symbols, ‘ferfi’ Specialties include paprikas ponty (carp in paprika sauce), means gentlemen and ‘noi’ means ladies. pisztrang tejszin martasban (trout baked in cream), gulysleves (goulash soup) and of course the famous Hungarian goulash. Sweets are a specialty and who can resist the microscopically thin pastry of retes (strudel) or delicious tortes.

Vegetarian options are limited. Hungary has 20 wine producing regions making a wide range of wines. Famous wines include the sweet white Tokaji Aszú and strong red Bull’s Blood (Egri Bikavér). Tap water is drinkable but it is advisable to drink bottled mineral water.

28 Ireland

Capital: Dublin Population: 4.4 million (Ireland), Location: Western Europe Land Area: 70,280km2 (27,135mi2) Language: English & Irish (Gaelic) Famous for: St. Patrick, Leprechauns, Guinness

Money Matters and a variety of seafood, and game when in season. Traditional dishes consist of Irish stew, boxty (potato pancake) The currency used is the Euro. and coddle (boiled pork sausages). The country is best known Bank opening hours for its stout and beer, the most famous being Guinness. Mondays to Fridays, 10am to 4pm and will be closed on public Other, popular brands include Murphy’s Irish Stout, Beamish, vacations. and Kilkenny beer. Whiskey is also renowned with the most Geography famous distilleries being the Old Midleton Distillery in Cork, the Old Jameson Distillery in Dublin, and the Bushmills Mostly level to a rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged Distillery in Antrim. Water throughout the Republic of Ireland hills and low mountains; there are sea cliffs on the west coast. is safe to drink. Over 40% of the population resides within 100km (60 miles) of Dublin. Best Buys Climate and Clothing Tweed clothing, traditional Aran knitwear from the Aran Islands (once handmade by fishermen featuring family Ireland has a mild, temperate climate with cool summers and patterns), Irish music, linen, pottery, Waterford crystal, Irish mild winters. Average summer temperatures range from 15ºC whiskey and basketry. to 21ºC (60ºF to 70ºF), July being the warmest month. Average Shopping Hours winter temperatures range from 5ºC to 8ºC (40ºF to 46ºF). The Mondays to Saturdays, 9am to 5.30pm. Some towns have late most useful clothes are casuals, lightweight wools, sweaters night shopping until 8 or 9pm on Thursdays or Fridays. Many for cold spells, comfortable walking shoes and a light raincoat. shops are open on Sunday. Manners and Customs Postal Information The Irish are a charming, hospitable people and the rural Most post offices are open Mondays to Fridays 9am to 5 lifestyle has remained largely unchanged for years. The or 6pm (closed for an hour around 1pm for lunch in rural center of life is still the village community centered around areas). Use Irish postage stamps when posting letters in the church and the pub. As of 2004, smoking is prohibited in the Republic or Ireland. public areas within the Republic of Ireland – this includes all bars, nightclubs and restaurants. Telephone Food and Drink The country code is +353 (dialling in) and the international access code is 00 (dialling out). Public phones are found in In the last decade, Ireland has made a giant gastronomic post offices, hotels, stores and on the street. leap. Common foods include smoked salmon, soda bread, eKIT The access number for Ireland are 1800-992-363 or 1800-559-634. Public Facilities The gender signs on the doors in the republic may be printed in Gaelic, not English. ‘Mna’ is Gaelic for Ladies and ‘Fir’ means gentlemen.

Ha’penny Bridge, Dublin

29 Israel

Capital: Jerusalem Population: 7.6 million Location: Middle East Land Area: 20,770km2 (8,019mi2) Language: Hebrew and Arabic Famous for: Religious history

Money Matters Best Buys The currency is the New Sheqel (NIS), which replaced the Local handicrafts made from olive wood, embroidered clothing, Sheqel in 1985. Coins are issued in 5, 10, 50 agorot, 1, 2, diamonds, ceramics, gold and silver jewelry. 5, 10 new sheqel and notes in 20, 50, 100, 200 new sheqel. Shopping Hours Money can be changed in the small exchange bureau Shops are generally open Sundays to Thursdays, 9am to 1pm found on most main streets, or at banks and hotels. Major and 4pm to 7pm. Many stores close at midday on Friday and credit cards are widely accepted, along with travelers open again on Sunday morning. checks, although commission can be high. ATMs are found throughout the country. Postal Information Bank opening hours Most letter boxes are red English-style pillar boxes. Others Sundays to Thursdays 8:30am to 12 noon and normally 4pm to are white and blue and bear the postal symbol of a leaping 5pm. Closed on Fridays and Saturdays. deer. Shops and kiosks selling stamps also have the same sign. Climate and Clothing Telephone Israel has a Mediterranean climate, with a pleasant spring and The country code is +972 (dialling in) and international access autumn. It is hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas. 00 (dialling out). Public phones can be found in post offices We recommend light weight clothes for warmer months and and are cheaper than calling from a hotel or a shop; have the medium weights for winter. operator in the post office make the call for you. Manners and Customs eKIT The access numbers for Israel are 1800-920-3300 Shalom (peace) is the word that begins and ends every conversation. or 180-931-5243 Food and Drink Public Toilets Food specialties includes Falafel (deep fried chickpea balls, Toilets may be marked ‘WC’ or with male and female silhouettes. served in pita / flat bread and salad), Shwarma (meat slowly grilled on a rotating skewer, served in pita bread with fresh vegetables) and Hummus (chickpea puree). Soft drinks are on sale everywhere. Coffee is popular. Arab cafes serve very sweet Turkish coffee while other cafes also have cappuccino (café hafukh). Bottled water is advisable, as the tap water, while drinkable, does not taste nice.

Dead Sea Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem

30 Italy

Capital: Rome Population: 59.5 million Location: Southern Europe Land Area: 301,230km2 (116,305mi2) Language: Italian Famous for: Ancient Rome, art, pasta

Money Matters Manners and Customs The currency used is the Euro. Italians are passionate, charming and in many ways traditional. Family life and religion play an important role in Italian society. Bank opening hours It is considered courteous to shake hands warmly on both Monday to Friday 8.30am to 1.30pm and 2.30pm to 3.30pm. arriving and leaving. ‘Ciao’ (pronounced chow) is a word Closed Saturday and Sunday. you will hear everywhere and can mean hello or goodbye. Geography Speaking a few words of Italian will be very much appreciated. Italians eat their main meal in the afternoon, around 1pm. Italy comprises the long, boot-shaped Italian Peninsula, the land between the peninsula and the Alps and some islands Food and Drink including Sicily and Sardinia. It has over 8,000km (4,968 miles) Traditionally, lunch (pranzo) was the most substantial meal of the of coastline and over 40% of the country is mountainous. day. It consists of antipasto (starter), a primo piatto (pasta, rice or soup), a secondo piatto (meat or fish) with contorno (vegetable Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean. It extends from the or salad), then frutta (fresh fruit). Finish with espresso and maybe tip of the Apennine peninsula from which it is separated only by a grappa or amaro (strong digestive liqueur). While the pasta is the narrow Strait of Messina, towards the North African coast. sensational, there is so much more to Italian cuisine. Each of the Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna, which is at 3,320 m 20 regions has its own distinctive cuisine such as abbachio (roast (10,890 ft) the tallest active volcano in Europe and one of the most lamb) in Rome, or bistecca alla fiorentina (steak Florentine style) or active in the world. The island has a typical Mediterranean climate. porcini (grilled giant mushrooms) in Florence. You must try gelato Sardinia is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (ice cream) with hundreds of different flavors to choose from or (after Sicily and before Cyprus) and an autonomous region of Italy. granita (crushed ice with flavored syrup). Wine is usually served The coasts of Sardinia (1,849km long) are generally high and rocky, with the meal, accompanied by mineral water. Tap water is safe to with long, relatively straight stretches of coastline, many outstanding drink, but not always tasty. We recommend you buy bottled mineral headlands, a few wide, deep bays, and many inlets with various water. ‘Acqua non potabile’ means the water is not safe to drink. smaller islands off the coast. The island has a Mediterranean climate along the coasts, plains and low hills and a continental climate on Best Buys the interior plateaus, valleys and mountain ranges. Leather goods from Florence, Murano glass and lace from Venice, clothing (for both men and women), handbags, silk Climate and Clothing scarves and ties, jewelry, high end fashion (Prada, Gucci). Italy’s climate has many regional variations. However, it’s Shopping Hours generally warm in summer and humid in the central region. Generally opening times are 9am to 1pm and 4pm to 7.30pm. We suggest that during May to September, you bring light Some shops may be closed Monday mornings, Saturday summer clothes and a light jacket or wrap for evenings. afternoons and Sundays. Many shops however do stay open on Saturday afternoons during the summer. Postal Information Most main post offices open around 9am to 1.30pm Mondays to Fridays and 8am to 11am Saturdays. You can also buy stamps at tobacconists and some hotel desks. Telephone The country code is +39 (dialling in) and international access 00 (dialling out). When dialling Italy from abroad, the 0 of the area code must not be omitted. International telephones are situated at post offices and railway stations. Phone cards

The Colosseum, Rome

31 Italy continued... are available in most newsagents but you must remember to break the corner off the card before use. eKIT - The access number for Italy is 800-985-675, Milan economy is 02-3631-1926. Public Facilities There is a lack of toilets in many tourist cities, but where they are available they are often indicated by symbols of a man or woman, or by the sign ‘WC’. They may also be labelled ‘Uomini’ or ‘Signori’ for men and ‘Donne’ or ‘Signore’ for women. A tip of 30 to 50 cents is required if there is an attendant.

Florence, Italy

32 Jordan

Capital: Amman Population: 6 million Location: Middle East Land Area: 89,342km2 (34,595mi2) Language: Arabic Famous for: The Red Rose City of Petra, The Dead Sea, Jerash, Wadi Rum

Money Matters areas. Warm clothing is recommended for the winter and a waterproof jacket. The local currency is the Jordanian Dinar, symbol JD, also pronounced as "jaydee". There are 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 JD Manners and Customs notes. The dinar is divided into 100 piasters (pronounced "pee-asters") of 1000 fils ("fills"). The fils is the unit most Jordan is a primarily Muslim country, although the freedom commonly used and you will usually see prices written as of all religions is protected. Muslim women’s clothing often 4,750 (which is 4 JD and 750 fils). Currency can be exchanged covers their arms, legs and hair. Western women are not at major banks, exchange booths and at most hotels. Street subject to these customs, but very revealing clothing is never money-changers are best avoided. Exchange rates are set appropriate and conservative dress is advisable for both men daily by the Jordanian Central Bank. and women in the old part of Amman (downtown) and outside the cities. Shorts are rarely worn and would be out of place in Bank opening hours the downtown Amman area. Banks are open 8.30am to 3pm Sunday to Thursday and closed on Fridays and Saturdays. Food and Drink International credit cards are accepted at hotels, restaurants The cuisine of Jordan relies heavily on fresh, locally grown and larger shops. Please note that many smaller shops fruits and vegetables. Meals are usually leisurely occasions, still prefer cash payment in the Jordanian currency, and it’s with a lavish assortment of tasty salads and mezzah’s essential for shopping in the local souks. (appetizers). These are usually served family-style, with diners sampling a variety of dishes with freshly baked bread. Geography Hummus, a staple of the Middle Eastern cuisine, is usually Located on desert plateaus in southwest Asia, Jordan is prepared daily. Tasty street food includes sandwiches made almost landlocked but for a short coast on the Gulf of Aqaba. with falafel or shawarma (slow-roasted meet); mixed grills, gallayat bandura (pan-fried tomatoes, onions and peppers Climate and Clothing often prepared with cubes of lamb, chicken or egg); kofta (ground beef topped with roasted tomato or tahina sauce); Jordan has a hot, dry climate characterized by long, hot, sunniyah (pan-roasted meat or chicken with roasted potatoes, dry summers and short, cool winters. January is the coldest onions and other vegetables; and, maglubah (which literally month, with temperatures from 5°C to 10°C, and August is the translates as “upside down”), a dish of rice, chicken and hottest month at 20°C to 35°C. Daytime temperatures can be vegetables cooked together and then turned upside down very hot in the summer; on some days it can be 40°C or more, onto a serving tray, along with bowls of yoghurt and fresh especially when the Sirocco, a hot, dry southerly wind blows. salad. The national dish of Jordan is Mansaf, a dish served on Lightweight cotton clothes are recommended for the summer, a large tray with steam rice and lamb piled on top of wafer with a sweater for cooler evenings, especially in the inland thin shiraq bread, and flavored with jameed, a tangy yoghurt based sauce. Drinks Although Jordan is a Muslim country, alcohol is still available in selected restaurants & hotels. However, local wine is definitely an acquired taste. Kahwa (thick, strong coffee) and Shay bil na’na’ (mint tea) or Shay bi Maramiyyeh (Sage Tea) are very popular drinks. It is recommended that you only drink bottled mineral water. Also, try the Shanineh which is Cold Laban beverage (Cold Yoghurt Beverage).

Petra Monastery, Jordan

32 Jordan continued...

Best Buys Telephone Hand-woven rugs and cushions, beautifully embroidered The country code is 00962 (dialing in) and international items and clothing, traditional pottery, glassware, silver jewelry access 00 (dialing out). If you make a local call from your embedded with semi-precious stones, Bedouin knives, coffee hotel room, you may be charged several times the normal pots, narghiles (hubble bubble), hand-made soap’s, personal rate. A local mobile SIM card is easy to obtain with a care products made from the unique minerals of the Dead reasonable price. Sea, cold –pressed olive oil, dried organically grown herbs and spices and a variety of table wines. Public Toilets Located at the visitor center in Petra, Jerash, Madaba, the Shopping Hours Citadel, and Shobak. Elsewhere public toilets generally These vary but are typically from 10.00am to 10.00pm in the below standard and a tip is usually expected. It’s a good idea Malls and until 8.00-9.00 pm in the open area shopping to carry tissues with you when traveling, as toilet paper is not areas. Friday is exceptional where the Malls open at 2.00pm always supplied. Facilities are generally fine in hotels and (after the noon time prayer) and many of the shops at the restaurants. open shopping areas are closed on Fridays. However, restaurants and cafes are open 7 days a week. Useful Website www.visitjordan.com Postal Information Post Boxes are located in most hotels and stamps can be purchased either from the gift shops or the front desk. In Petra and Jerash the post office is inside the visitor center itself.

Dead Sea, Jordan

33 Latvia

Capital: Riga Population: 2.3 million Location: Eastern Europe Land Area: 64,589km2 (24,937mi2) Language: Latvian & Russian Famous for: Amber

Money Matters which is raspberry or cranberry filled pastry strips. Popular local beers include the dark bauskas Tumsais and the pale The currency used is the Latvian Lat (Ls). It is divided Gaisais. Or for something stronger try Riga’s Black Balsam a into Santimi (1 Latvian Lat = 100 santimi). Coins are in thick black alcoholic liquid, which has been produced since denominations of 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 santims and Lats 1700. It is drunk either with coffee or mixed with vodka. Kvass in coins of 2 and 1. Notes are in denominations of Ls500, and sparkling wine are popular and are refreshing summer 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. drinks. Do not drink the tap water. Bank opening hours Shopping Hours In Riga banks should be open between 10am and 5pm. Mondays to Fridays, 9 or 10am to 6 or 7pm and Saturdays, 9 Outside the capital many banks close at 1pm and all banks are or 10am to 4 or 5pm. Some shops may close over lunch, while closed on Saturday and Sunday. others are open 24 hours. Geography Best Buys Latvia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea between Look for local handicrafts, folk art, brightly colored woollen Estonia and Lithuania. Most of the country is composed of goods, mittens, scarves and sweaters and art objects. Other fertile, low-lying plains, with some hills in the east. typical gifts from the region are belts, purses, book covers, Climate and Clothing wicker work, earthenware and even jackets made from patches of leather sewn together. Riga is considered a fashion center Latvia has a temperate climate. Summer is warm with relatively of eastern Europe, so have a look at the boutiques while you mild weather in spring and autumn. Winter runs from are there. Amber is of high quality and a good buy. November to March and it is cold - expect snow. Rainfall is distributed throughout the year with the heaviest rainfall in Postal Information August. In summer light to medium weight clothing is worn The main post office is at Brivibas bulvaris 19 (open 24 hours). and in winter medium to heavyweights. A raincoat is necessary Post boxes are yellow. General post office opening hours are throughout the year. Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 6pm and Saturdays, 9am to 1pm. Manners and Customs Telephone Handshaking is customary. Normal courtesies should be The country code is +371 (dialling in) and international observed. The Latvians are somewhat reserved and formal, access 00 (dialling out). International calls can be made from but nevertheless very hospitable. They are proud of their telephone booths. Pay phones are operated by phone cards, culture and visitors should take care to respect this sense which are sold at kiosks, in post offices and in some shops. of national identity. Generally, taxi fares and restaurant bills include a tip although it is still customary to give extra for good service. Food and Drink Latvian hors d’oeuvres are delicious and are said to be the best part of the meal. The soups are especially satisfying in winter; try the skabu kapostu zupa (cabbage soup), sweetbread soup with dried fruit or sorrel soup with boiled pork, onions, potatoes and barley. Specialty dishes include kotletes (meat patties), smoked fish and piragi (pastry filled with bacon and onions). For dessert try an Alexander Torte,

34 Liechtenstein

Capital: Vaduz Population: 35,700 Location: Central Europe Land Area: 160km2 (61mi2) Language: German Famous for: Stamps, world’s largest producer of dentures

Money Matters Best Buys The currency is the Swiss Franc (Fr). It is divided into Rappen Watches, cameras, jewelry and stamps, but always compare (1 Swiss Franc – 100 Rappen). prices before buying. Due to low taxes Swiss chocolates are also a good buy. Bank opening hours Mondays to Fridays 8am to 12 noon and 2pm to 4.30pm. Shopping Hours Mondays to Saturdays 9am to 12 noon and 1.30pm to 6.30pm. Geography Along with Uzbekistan, it is one of only two doubly landlocked Postal Information (surrounded only by other landlocked countries) countries in The Principality’s mail and telecommunications are generally the world. It is noted for its fine vineyards. integrated with those of Switzerland although Liechtenstein does produce its own stamps. Post office hours are Mondays Climate and Clothing to Fridays, 8am to 12 noon and 1.30pm to 6.30pm and Liechtenstein has a temperate, alpine climate, with warm, wet Saturdays, 8am to 11am. summers and mild winters. Light to medium weight clothing is needed in summer and warmer heavyweights in winter. Telephone Waterproofs are needed throughout the year. The country code is +423 (dialling in) and international access 00 (dialling out). Simple operating instructions in four Manners and Customs languages, including English are featured on public phones. Has a hereditary constitutional monarchy, dating back to 1719. Handshaking is performed on meeting and parting. Food and Drink Strongly influenced by its Swiss neighbor. Look out for Bündnerfleisch (wafer-thin sliced air-dried beef), Leberspiesschen (skewered liver), Käseknöpfle (small dumplings with cheese) and Rösti (hash brown potatoes). Local and Swiss beers are popular and Vaduzer (red wine) is worth trying and often much better value than imported wines. Tap water is safe to drink.

Vaduz Castle

35 Lithuania

Capital: Vilnius Population: 3.5 million Location: Eastern Europe Land Area: 65,200km2 (25,173 mi2) Language: Lithuanian Famous for: Baroque churches

Money Matters Food and Drink The currency used is the Litas (LTL). It is divided into centas Local specialties include skilandis (smoked meat), salti (1 Litas = 100 centas). Coins are in denominations of LTL5, barsciai (cold soup), cepelinai (made from grated potatoes 2 and 1, and 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 centas. Notes are in with a minced meat filling), vedarai (potato sausage) and denominations of LTL500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1. bulviniai blynai (potato pancakes). Smoked eel is a famous Baltic delicacy. Rye bread is eaten every day with breakfast, Bank opening hours lunch and dinner. Local brands of beer and imported drinks Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm and some banks are open are popular. A famous Lithuanian spirit is Mead (midus) a Saturday, 9am to 1pm. mild alcoholic beverage made from honey. Water supplies are generally reliable in cities, though it has a high mineral Geography content and can be cloudy. Bottled or filtered water is Fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are preferable for these reasons. If traveling in rural areas, ancient glacial deposits. drink only bottled water. Climate Best Buys Summers are warm and the weather in spring and autumn Amber and Amber jewelry (fossilized tree sap), wood-carvings, relatively mild. Winter can be very cold and heavy snowfall is linen goods and local crafts are good buys. common. Rain is common throughout the year but heaviest Shopping Hours in August. Grocery shops open Mondays to Fridays, 8am to 8pm. Manners and Customs Telephone Handshaking is customary. Normal courtesies should be The country code is +370 (dialling in) and international observed. The Lithuanians are proud of their culture and their access 00 (dialling out). There are two kinds of pay phones: national heritage and visitors should take care to respect this rectangular telephones which take magnetic strip cards sense of national identity. Lithuanians are also known for their and rounded telephones which take chip cards. Phone hospitality and are outgoing by nature. They like to entertain cards are sold at kiosks and post offices. Plans are underway to and be entertained; singing plays a large role in family gatherings. introduce one type of phone card, compatible with both phones.

Vilnius old town Baroque church

36 Luxembourg

Capital: Luxembourg Population: 365,000 Location: Western Europe Land Area: 2585km2 (998mi2) Language: Luxembourgish, French, German Famous for: Michelin-star restaurants, governed by a grand duchy

Money Matters rou tou tou, an unusual vegetable dish made from potatoes and onions. Local cheese or perhaps a pastry such as the The currency used is the Euro. Tarte Aux Quetsches, which is made with small plums, is Bank opening hours often offered as dessert. Locally produced Mosel wines Mondays to Fridays, 8.30pm to 12 noon to 4.30pm. Although come recommended as do local beers (Diekirch, Mousel, or some banks have limited opening hours on Saturdays, most Bofferding), which are brewed without the use of chemical are closed on weekends. additives. Tap water is safe to drink. Geography Best Buys Luxembourg is landlocked and bordered by Belgium, Cast-iron miniature firebacks, called tak, which depict castles France and Germany. A third of the country is made up and coats of arms make interesting souvenirs. There is also of the hills and forests of the Ardennes, while the rest is delicately decorated porcelain, crystal and earthenware wooded farmland. pottery. Villeroy & Boch’s crystal factories in Septfontaines are open to visitors. Climate and Clothing Shopping Hours Luxembourg’s climate is temperate and mild. Summers Mondays 2pm to 6pm; Tuesdays to Saturdays, 9am to 6pm. are generally cool, with a mean temperature of about 63°F (17°C), warmest months from May to September. Winters are Telephone cold but seldom severe, average temperature being about The country code is +352 (dialling in) and international 32°F (0ºC), snow is also possible. access 00 (dialling out) followed by the number for the Manners and Customs country you require, the area code and then the subscriber’s number. Luxembourg may be small in size, but it is a country of eKIT considerable economic power - it should not be thought The access number for Luxembourg is 800-22026. of as part of Belgium, France or Germany. It is a very friendly country and while the locals like to use their foreign Useful website language skills they are also delighted when visitors use the local dialect for phrases of greeting and thanks. Over a third www.lcto.lu of the locals are immigrants, mostly Italians and Portuguese. Restaurant bills generally include a tip, however it is still polite to round up. Food and Drink Many describe the country’s cuisine as a blend of French finesse and German heartiness. Excellent crayfish, pike and trout comes courtesy of the Grand Duchy River and is available in modestly priced restaurants. Local dishes include Judd matt Gaardebounen (smoked collar of pork with broad beans), and Friture de la Moselle (small deep fried river fish). Other specialties include Treiben (black pudding) and sausages served with mash potatoes and horseradish, and delicious Ardennes ham. Frites (the local version of French fried potatoes) can be found everywhere and look out for

37 Monaco

Capital: Monaco Population: 32,020 Location: Western Europe Land Area: 2km2 (0.77mi2) Language: French Famous for: The Grand Casino, Grimaldi Royal Family

Money Matters Food and Drink The currency used is the Euro. Classic French cuisine dominates along with certain regional specialties such as pissaladière (onion tart with anchovies and Bank opening hours black olives), barbajuans (a savory pastry) and Langoustines à Monday to Friday, 9am to 12 noon and 2pm to 4pm. Some la Provençale (seafood). A variety of French wine is available as banks are also open on Saturday mornings to change money. are imported liquors. Tap water is safe to drink. Geography Best Buys It is the second smallest state in the world (after the Vatican Luxury goods are widely available in Monaco’s large jewellers, City) and is surrounded by France on three sides with the art galleries and boutiques. The main shopping precinct is Mediterranean Sea on the fourth. The current ruling near the Place du Casino or for more reasonably priced items Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, try Boulevard des Moulins. and a principality was established in 1338. Climate and Clothing Shopping Hours Monday to Saturday, 9am to 12 noon and 2 to 7pm. Monaco enjoys an almost perfect climate with mild winters Some souvenir shops open on Sunday mornings. and warm summers. There are more than 300 days of sunshine per year. There is generally little continuous rainfall; Postal Information cloudbursts lasting only a couple of hours are the rule. Light The main post office, la Scala Palace Beaumarchais Square clothing can be worn from spring to autumn. Monaco has a (across from Hôtel Hermitage) has a full range of services: dress code and appropriate clothing must be worn in public telephones, telegrams, fax and calling cards. Opening areas and jackets and ties should be worn by men in the casino. hours are Mondays to Fridays, 8am to 7pm. Manners and Customs Telephone Handshaking is performed on meeting and parting. Generally The country code is +377 (dialling in) and international access service at hotels and restaurants is included in the bill but you 00 (dialling out). may wish to tip extra for special service. eKIT The access number for Monaco is 0800-913-588. Useful website www.visitmonaco.com

Grimaldi Palace Monte Carlo

38 Morocco

Capital: Rabat Population: 34 million Location: Northern Africa Land Area: 446,550km2 (172,413mi2) Language: Arabic and French Famous for: Casablanca, couscous

Money Matters Food and Drink The currency used is the Moroccan Dirham (Dh). It is divided Local delicacies include Couscous (steamed savory semolina into centimes (1 Moroccan Dirham –100 centimes). Coins are grain served with meat and vegetables), Mechoui (lamb in denominations of MAD10, 5 and 1, and 50, 20, 10 and 5 roasted on a spit), delicious kebabs, Kefta (minced meat centimes. Notes are in denominations of MAD200, 100, 50, 20 rissoles with spices) and Tagine (meat stew cooked using an and 10. earthenware dish). Don’t miss a refreshing drink of mint tea. Water from the tap is not safe to drink in Morocco but bottled Bank opening hours water is widely available. Make sure you carry a bottle of water Usually Mondays to Thursdays, 9.30am to 12 noon and 2.30pm to prevent dehydration on hot summer days. to 4.30pm; Fridays 8.15pm to 11.15pm and 2.30 to 5.30pm. These hours may vary during Ramadan. Best Buys Geography Exquisite Moroccan craftsmanship is evident on hand-woven rugs, ceramics, and jewelry. In the souks you will find an Morocco has a Northern coast, with mountainous interiors abundance of leather goods (cushion covers, shoes, wallets), of bordering plateaus, valleys, and rich coastal plains. tin pressed lanterns, textile products and light weight scarves Climate and Clothing and wraps. Morocco has a mix of climates, however generally it is Shopping Hours Mediterranean, warm on the coast, continental in the interior Shops are usually open from 9am to 12 noon and 2.30pm and arid in the South. It is sunny most of the year, although to 6.30pm but close Sundays. Markets and tourist shops temperatures may drop quite considerably at night. In stay open longer. high summer we suggest you wear cool clothing, hat and sunglasses, while a sweater or jacket are recommended for Postal Information those cool night breezes. We also suggest ladies cover Opening times: Monday to Friday 8.30am to 6.30pm their shoulders. (closed 12 noon to 3pm in small towns) and 8.30am to 12.30pm on Saturdays. Stamps can be bought at post Customs offices and tobacconists. Morocco is rich in tradition and remains largely a conservative Muslim society, and people are friendly. Remember though Telephone that when visiting the markets (souks) if you ask the price, The country code is +212 (dialling in) and international access you are starting negotiations and shopkeepers may get 00 (dialling out). Public telephones can be found in cafés and annoyed if you walk away. Also always ask before taking public places. However, unless you are reversing the charges let someone’s photo. your hotel or post office make the call and arrange payment.

Bazaar, Fez

39 Netherlands

Capital: Amsterdam Population: 16.6 million Location: Western Europe Land Area: 41,526km2 (6,033mi2) Language: Dutch Famous for: Anne Frank, Vincent Van Gogh, tulips, windmills

Money Matters change and small notes should be left as a tip. The water is safe to drink. The currency used is the Euro and ATMs are widely distributed. Best Buys Geography Delft Blue pottery, national costume dolls, silverware from One fifth of the country is below sea level as a result of being Schoonhoven, crystal from Leerdam and diamonds from reclaimed by the sea. It is generally flat and level and is criss- Amsterdam. Edam and Gouda cheeses and traditional crossed by rivers and canals. wooden clogs are also popular souvenirs. Climate and Clothing Shopping Hours Mondays 11am to 6pm, Tuesdays to Fridays 9am to 6pm, and The Netherlands has a maritime climate. Summers are Saturdays 9am to 5pm. Shopping malls are open on Sunday. generally warm but not extreme. In summer a light sweater or wrap may be needed in the evenings. Winters are fairly cold Post Information and rainfall occurs throughout the year. Pack a raincoat for those spontaneous showers. Post offices are generally open Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 5pm. When buying postcards from stands and souvenir shops, Manners and Customs you can usually get stamps on the spot. Post boxes are either red or red and grey, and are mounted on walls at eye level. The Dutch people are polite and courteous and prefer In Amsterdam they have two slots, one marked ‘Amsterdam’ formal greetings on first meetings. The Dutch are a nation of and the other ‘overige bestemmingen’ (other destinations). cyclists and in Amsterdam 540,000 people have bicycles – not surprising when you consider how flat the land is. The use of Telephone soft drugs is allowed, and even sold at ‘coffee shops’ – in the form of cookies. The country code is +31 (dialling in) and international access 00 (dialling out). Food and Drink eKIT You will find a variety of international food, from ethnic to The access numbers are Netherlands 0800-023-3971, Italian and of course traditional Dutch food. Potatoes feature Amsterdam economy 0207-133-472. prominently in dishes. Local dishes include Poffertjes (small pancakes traditionally served warm with powdered sugar Public Toilets sprinkled on top), Patat (French fries with mayonnaise), Haring There’s a lack of public toilets in Amsterdam. Most department (raw herring fish with raw onions) and Vlaai (pastry with a fruit stores have smart and clean public toilets, usually with an filling). Dutch beers can be very good and are quite strong. attendant on duty. A tip is expected. Bars are open all day and also serve tea and coffee. Only

Tulip field, Amsterdam Delft canal, Delft

40 Norway

Capital: Oslo Population: 4.9 million Location: Northern Europe Land Area: 324,220km2 (125,181m2) Language: Norwegian Famous for: Vikings, cross country skiing

Money Matters Food and Drink The currency used is the Norwegian Krone (Nkr). It is High quality fish, meat and dairy products are easily available divided into øre (1 Norwegian Krone = 100 øre). Coins are in Norway. Norwegian meals are often large with an emphasis in denominations of NOK 20, 10, 5 and 1 and 50 øre. Notes on fish and seafood specialties. A typical specialty is a are in denominations of NOK 1,000, 500, 200, 100 and 50. ‘smørgasbord’ meal, a vast selection of meat, fish, salad, hot dishes, puddings and cheese. Specialty dishes and ingredients Bank opening hours include Lutefisk (a hot, highly flavored cod fish), smoked Mondays to Thursdays 9am to 4pm, Fridays 9am to 5pm salmon, cod, herring, sardine products and mackerel. Popular and Saturdays 9am to 12 noon. meats include reindeer, lamb and fowl. Liquor laws are very Geography strict and in some parts of the country alcohol is not available at all. Where it is available it is very expensive. The water in About two-thirds is made up of mountains, there are Norway is safe to drink. approximately 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline. It has one of the longest coastlines in the world. Best Buys Pottery, sports equipment, enamelled ware, sportswear, Climate and Clothing pewter, silver and knitwear. If you like the unusual, a hand Given the extreme northerly position, the mainland climate painted troll is something to add to your collection. Tax-free in Norway is surprisingly mild. This is mainly because of the is available for tourist from shops displaying a ‘Tax free for trade winds and warm currents. Lightweight clothing generally tourists’ sticker. Tourists save 11-18% of the price paid by suffices in summer, however evenings can get chilly, so it is residents. Refunds are paid in cash at airports, ferries, cruise always a good idea to take along a sweater or wrap. If you ships and border crossings. are here in winter, you will definitely need an overcoat, scarf, Shopping Hours gloves and warm shoes/boots. Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm and Saturdays, 9am to 1pm or 3pm. Shops are often open late on Thursdays. Manners and Customs Norwegians are not class conscious and are very polite. Postal Information Handshaking is popular, dress is informal. Tipping is expected Generally open Mondays to Fridays, 8.30am to 4pm and however waiters don’t expect more than 5-10% of the bill. Saturdays, 8am to 1pm. Stamps can also be bought at tobacco Cross country and downhill skiing are popular sports and a shops, kiosks and hotels. Postboxes are painted red. Nordic specialty is ski jumping. In the last 50 years Norway has won more Olympic gold medals in Nordic skiing than any Telephone other country. The country code is +47 (dialling in) and international access 00 (dialling out). The telephone service is operated by the state Telecommunications Service, Televerket. Telephone booths are painted red or grey. For the English speaking operator dial 093. eKIT The access number for Norway is 800-15794. Public Toilets Located at stations, department stores and in some of the squares and parks, may be marked Toaletter, WC, Damer (female) / Herrer (male) or D/H. Useful website Stavanger, Norway www.visitnorway.com 41 Poland

Capital: Warsaw Population: 38 million Location: Central Europe Land Area: 312,658km2 (120,728 mi2) Language: Polish Famous for: Chopin, Andrzej Wajda, Pope John Paul ll

Money Matters for fish such as carp, which is served in sweet and sour jellied sauce. Bread and sausages are also very popular. Faworki The official currency is Zloty (PLN), divided into 100 groszy. pastries (pastry twisters) and chocolates are definitely worth Currency may be exchanged at exchange desks in hotels, a try. Beer is becoming increasingly popular and of course banks and kantors (money exchanges). Travelers checks can there is vodka, which is served chilled before, during and after generally only be exchanged at banks. Most credit cards meals. If you like vodka then try ubrówka (bison vodka). are accepted in tourist areas, however note it is mainly It is advisable to drink bottled mineral water which is a cash society. It is a good idea to travel with US$ in widely available. small denominations. Best Buys Geography Glass and enamel ware, handwoven rugs, silverware and It is mostly made up of a flat plain with mountains along the handmade jewelry, dolls in regional costumes, wood carvings southern border. (from Polish mountains), sculptures and traditional ceramics Climate and Clothing from Boleslawiec. Try the bazary (market places) for other interesting items. In general Poland has a temperate climate with cold winters Shopping Hours and warm summers. In summer light clothing will suffice with In general shops are open from Monday to Friday, 10am a cardigan or jumper for the evening. Winters are usually cold to 7pm, and for limited hours on Saturday and Sunday. with snow in the mountains. Temperatures are often below freezing and you should pack woollen garments accordingly. Postal Information Manners and Customs Post office hours are from 8am to 6pm, Monday to Friday, and some are open until 2pm on Saturday. The Polish are very friendly. Social life is reasonably informal and casual wear is recommended. Be careful when crossing Telephone roads as jay walking is an offence and is punishable with a fine. Smoking is quite common. Tipping is only really expected in The country code is +48 (dialling in) and international access restaurants and is approximately 10-15% of a restaurant bill. 00 (dialling out). Public telephones take coins and telephone cards but are not plentiful. Food and Drink eKIT Typical Polish meals are hearty and generally meat based. The access number for Poland is 00800-111-3535. Local dishes include Bigos (sauerkraut, fresh cabbage, onions and meat), kotlet schabowy (breaded pork cutlet) and klopsiki Public Toilets (meatloaf with tomato sauce). Poland is also a good country There are many public toilets in Poland; ladies toilets are marked by a circle and gents by a triangle. It is most likely that you will have to pay one zloty to use the facilities. Useful website www.polandtour.org

Wawel Castle, Krakow

42 Portugal

Capital: Lisbon Population: 10.6 million Location: South West Europe Land Area: 92,391km2 (35,672mi2) Language: Portuguese Famous for: Port wine, salted cod

Money Matters also famous for its port wines; the best are produced around Oporto. Although Lisbon’s water tastes heavily of chemicals, The official currency is the Euro. ATMs are widely distributed it is safe for drinking. However, we recommend that you buy and major credit cards are readily accepted. bottled drinking water. Portugal has an excellent range of Bank opening hours local mineral waters. Generally Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 3pm; some may close for lunch. Best Buys Jewelry and handcrafted items from goldsmiths in silver and Geography gold, leather goods, ceramics, wickerwork, tiles, cork goods, It is mountainous north of the Tagus River with rolling plains in embroidery and tapestry. the south. Shopping Hours Climate and Clothing Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 7pm (some may close for lunch), and 9am to 1pm on Saturdays. Portugal has a Mediterranean climate. It is one of the warmest European countries. Summer months are usually Postal Information sunny, with the hottest months being July and August, where Post offices open Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 7pm. You can you can expect temperature highs of 35°C (95°F). Average also buy stamps from tobacconists. Mail boxes are painted temperatures in winter are 9°C -15°C (48.2°F-59°F). A sweater bright red. will come in handy for cool summer evenings and low heeled shoes are recommended if you plan to do much walking on Telephone Lisbon’s cobble stoned streets. The country code is +351 (dialling in) and international access Manners and Customs 00 (dialling out). For international operator connected calls from Lisbon (to USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) dial the The Portuguese shake hands at every opportunity. Don’t English-speaking operator on 329011. be startled if someone taps you firmly on the arm to attract your attention – it’s the Portuguese way. If people, especially eKIT villagers, seem to be staring at you, it’s only unaffected The access number for Portugal is 800-812-993. curiosity. One problem can be how to catch the eye of a waiter. The Portuguese have no equivalent for ‘Waiter’ but use Public Toilets the term ‘Faz favor’ (please!). Tipping in restaurants is around Located in most Metro stations and other heavily-travelled 10-15% of the bill. places in Lisbon. If there is an attendant on duty a 20 cent coin would be an appropriate tip. Ladies’ toilets are ‘Senhoras’ and Food and Drink men’s are ‘Homens’. Due to its long coastline seafood features prominently on restaurant menus. Typical Portuguese dishes include sopa de Useful website mariscos (shellfish soup made with vegetables and shellfish), www.visitportugal.com caldo verde (green soup made with green cabbage leaves), caldeirada (fish stew cooked with vegetables) and porco altentejano (fried pork covered with a sauce of mussels stewed with tomato and onions). Another staple is bacalhau (dried codfish), which you will find everywhere. Portuguese grilled chicken is world famous and it is generally marinated in chili, garlic and olive oil. Puddings include arroz doce (Portuguese version of rice pudding) and nuvens (egg custard). Wine is the drink of choice in Portugal. There are good reds and whites and Mateus Rosé is a famous lightweight Rose. Portugal is

43 Romania

Capital: Bucharest Population: 22.4 million Location: South East Europe Land Area: 237,500km2 (91,699mi2) Language: Romanian Famous for: Dracula and Transylvania

Money Matters options. Desserts include moldavian cozonac (brioche) and pasca (a sweet cheesecake). A traditional drink with entrées is The official currency is New Leu (RON; plural Lei). It is divided tuicã (plum brandy). Romanian wines have won international into bani (1 New Leu = 100 bani). Coins are in issued in Bani prizes and Romanian beers are excellent. Romanian sparkling 50, 10, 5 and 1 and notes in Lei 500, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1. wines, or methode champagnoise, are very good and superb Bank opening hours value. Glühwein (mulled wine) is another popular Romanian Monday to Friday, 9am to 1pm. drink. Tap water is normally chlorinated, and while relatively safe, may cause stomach upsets. Geography Central Transylvania is separated from the Plain of Moldavia Best Buys on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from Specialist purchases include embroideries, pottery, porcelain, the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps. silverware, carpets, fabrics, wool jumpers, woodcarvings, metal, leather goods, rugs, glass paintings and silk dresses. Climate and Clothing Shopping Hours Summer temperatures are moderated on the coast by sea Monday to Saturday, 9am to 6pm depending on area breezes while inland at sea level it is hot. Winters are coldest and season. in the Carpathian Mountains where there is snow from December through to April. Snow falls throughout most of the Postal Information country. Winters are mildest on the coast. Lightweights are Post offices are open daily, including Saturday mornings. worn in summer on the coast and in low inland areas. Warmer clothes are needed in winter and throughout the year in the Telephone highlands. Rainwear is recommended throughout the year. The country code is +40 (dialling in) and international access Manners and Customs 00 (dialling out). Public telephones are widely available and can be used for direct international calls. Hotels often impose Handshaking is the most common form of greeting, but it a high service charge for long-distance calls, but usually do is customary for men to kiss a woman’s hand when being not charge for local calls. introduced. Visitors should follow normal European courtesies on social occasions. A 10% service tip is customary in restaurants. Porters, chambermaids and taxi drivers also expect tips. Food and Drink The Romanians excel in full-bodied soups, some of the best being cream of mushroom, chicken, beef, vegetable and bean soup. Other national specialties include tocana (pork, beef or mutton stew seasoned with onions and served with mamaliga), Moldavian parjoale (flat meat patties, highly spiced and served with garnishes), and patricieni (charcoal-grilled sausages similar to frankfurters). Fish dishes include nisetru la gratar (grilled Black Sea sturgeon), and scrumbii la gratar (grilled herring). Vegetarians may struggle to find suitable

44 Russia

Capital: Moscow Population: 140 million Location: Northern Asia Land Area: 17,075,200km2 (6,592,768mi2) Language: Russian Famous for: Ballet, vodka, caviar

Money Matters Best Buys The official currency is the Rouble (R). It is divided into Kopeks Traditional matryoshkas (painted wooden dolls within dolls) (1 Rouble = 100 Kopeks). Coins are in issued in RUB 10, 5, 2 and and dymkovskaya igrushka (pottery figurines based on folklore 1, and 50, 10, 5 and 1 kopeks. Notes are issued in RUB 5,000, characters) make excellent souvenirs. Engraved amber, 1,000, 500, 100, 50 and 10. Money may be exchanged at the cameras, vodka, watches and Faberge eggs (although you may currency exchange desk in the hotel. Hours vary from place to have to settle for a reproduction!) are also a good buy. place but they are open longer and are considerably easier to Shopping Hours deal with than banks. You must always have your passport and Tend to vary but usually are Mondays to Saturdays, 9am to 6pm. currency control certificate with you when exchanging money. Most shops close for lunch for an hour. Tourist centers have Only small amounts of money should be changed as most foreign currency shops (berioska) where you can buy a wide purchases are made in hard currency. It is a good idea to travel range of goods for Sterling, dollars or other hard currency at with small denominations of Euro. favourable prices. Bank opening hours Generally from Monday to Friday, 8am to 6pm. Postal Information Post offices are generally open Mondays to Fridays from 9am Geography to 7pm. Most major hotels have their own post office branch, It is the largest country in the world in terms of land area, but much which sell stamps and accept telegrams. of the country lacks the right soils and climate for agriculture. Telephone Climate and Clothing The country code is +7 (dialling in) and international access Weather conditions are varied due to the size of the country. 810 (dialling out). When dialling the Russian Federation from Summers are generally short and for the most part, comfortably abroad, the 0 of the area code must not be omitted. For warm. In all other seasons you are advised to pack some extra outgoing calls dial 810 followed by the relevant country code jumpers or cardigans as it is cold. (e.g. 81061 for Australia). Long distance calls may be made from your hotel and it is best that these are booked in advance. It is Manners and Customs not possible to reverse the charges for calls from Russia. Russians have a strong cultural history of literature (Tolstoy, eKIT Chekhov, Dostoevsky), ballet and music. It is customary to shake The access number for Russia is 8-10- 800-2174-1012. hands when greeting someone. To avoid pick pocketing it is best to keep jewelry, watches and cameras out of sight. A 10% Public Toilets tipping policy should be adhered to. Doors are usually marked M for men and X for ladies, or may Food and Drink also be advertised by the letters WC. Public toilets may be in short supply, so try places like McDonalds which are free of Specialties include traditional borscht soup (beetroot soup charge. It is advisable to carry packs of tissues in case no toilet served with sour cream), beef stroganov (creamy beef stew), paper is available. pelmeni (meat dumplings) and kasha for breakfast (porridge). Russians have a very sweet tooth so try their desserts, especially ponchiki (hot sugared doughnuts). Vodka is popular and is often served straight or can be flavored with herbs and spices such as zubrovka (a variety of grass) and pertsovka (hot pepper). There is also nalivka which is a sweet liqueur made from fruits. We recommend that you only drink bottled mineral water, which is always the carbonated variety.

45 Scotland

Capital: Edinburgh Population: 5 million Location: North of the British Isles Land Area: 77,925km2 (30,086mi2) Language: English Famous for: Bagpipes, kilts, tartan, the Military Tattoo

Money Matters drivers, hotel doormen, and airport and railway porters.) As a general guide a 10-15% of the cost of the service should The currency in Scotland is the British Pound (Pound Sterling). be considered. In hotels and restaurants it’s worth checking It is divided into pence (1 Pound Sterling = 100 pence). There whether a service charge has been added to the bill. are four bank notes £5, £10, £20 and £50, and seven coins, 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p and £1. There are also some bank notes Food and Drink issued by Scottish banks which are legal tender throughout the UK but which some shopkeepers outside Scotland may Haggis is probably the best known Scottish delicacy. It is rich look at suspiciously. in flavor, however some people are put off as it is made from sheep’s offal. Fresh salmon, trout, herring, game and potato Bank opening hours are also commonly featured on menus. Scottish Whisky or Mondays to Fridays, 9.30am to 4.30pm. Scotch is world famous and is sold around the globe. It has been distilled in Scotland for centuries and was originally Geography referred to as the water of life – uisge beatha. Scotland’s terrain is varied and breathtaking. With mountain Shopping Hours peaks to coastlines with white sandy beaches, it has lush Monday to Saturday, 9am to 5.30pm. Some stores may be pastures and extensive woodlands. open on Sunday mornings. Climate and Clothing Best Buys Scotland’s climate is generally oceanic, with no extreme Scotland makes some of the world’s best clothing and you’ll variations. It is generally cool and wet, so even in mid-summer find a very good selection of tartans, woollens and tweeds. we advise you take some warm clothes and rainwear. Scotland Edinburgh crystal, shortbread, Edinburgh rock (candy), is generally colder than the rest of the UK, especially in the bagpipes, sheepskin clothing, china, silver jewelry, crystal and more northerly regions. The west tends to be wetter and whisky are also good buys. warmer than the cool, dry east. In upland areas, snow is common in winter, along with fog and mist. Post Office Manners and Customs Open Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 5.30pm, and Saturdays, 9am to 12 noon. Scotland is a forthright and friendly place with a long tradition of hospitality which has not faded. Residents of countryside Telephone hamlets and the western islands may overwhelm you with their warm and enthusiastic welcome. Tipping is part of the way of The country code is +44 (dialling in) and international access life and is expected by most who provide a service (e.g. taxi 00 (dialling out). Public Toilets ‘Public Conveniences’, ‘WC’ or ‘male’ and ‘female’ symbols identify toilets throughout Scotland. Useful website www.scotland.com

Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh

46 Slovenia

Capital: Ljubljana Population: 2 million Location: Central Europe Land Area: 20,273km2 (7,827mi2) Language: Slovenian Famous for: Mountain sports, Lake Bled

Money Matters Food and Drink The currency used is the Euro. Major credit cards are accepted Slovenian food definitely has a German influence with at upmarket establishments, however cash is mainly preferred. sauerkraut, sausage and apple strudel generally appearing on Travelers checks are accepted however they should be in menus. Breads are another popular accompaniment; try the currencies such as Euros, US dollars or Pounds Sterling. strukli (stuffed with meat or vegetables) or a dessert called potica and there is the ever popular goulash. White wines Bank opening hours such as Laski and Renski Rizling or red karstteran are popular. Mondays to Fridays, 8.30am to 12.30pm and 2pm to 5pm. Slovenian beer is also excellent. Tap water is considered safe Some are open Saturdays, 8.30am to 11am. and drinkable, however we advise you stick to bottled water. Geography Best Buys It has a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain Local gifts include crystal glass, bobbin lace and region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and specialty wines. valleys with numerous rivers to the east. Forest covers 57% of its land area. Shopping Hours Mondays to Fridays, 8am to 7pm. Some shops are open on Climate and Clothing Saturday mornings. Slovenia generally has a continental climate with warm summers and cold winters and a Mediterranean climate on Postal Information the coast. We suggest medium weight clothing and heavy Post offices are generally open from Mondays to Fridays, 8am overcoats in winter and light weight clothing and raincoats for to 6pm, and Saturdays, 8am to 12 noon. Stamps can also be the summer. bought at bookstalls. Manners and Customs Telephone Slovenes are generally very friendly and shaking hands is the The country code is +386 (dialling in) and international normal form of greeting. Usual European social conventions access 00 (dialling out). Calls can be made with magnetic apply and informal dress is widely acceptable. It is customary phone cards. to give a 10% tip in hotels, restaurants and for taxis.

Ljubljana Castle, Ljubljana Lake Bled

47 Spain

Capital: Madrid Population: 46 million Location: South West Europe Land Area: 504,782km2 (194,897mi2) Language: Spanish Famous for: Bull fighting, flamenco dancing, tapas

Money Matters pig) and Cordero Asado (roast lamb). Many specialty dishes are made with seafood – eels, bream and squid. The area of The currency used is the Euro. Money can be exchanged Andalusia is noted for Gazpacho, a delicious cold vegetable at banks, travel agencies and major hotels. Credit cards soup and in the eastern regions there is Paella, a rice dish and travelers cheques are widely accepted. made with meat or seafood – well worth a try! Rioja red wine Bank opening hours (pronounced ‘Ree-o-hah’), sherry (liqueur) and Cava (sparkling Monday to Friday, 9am to 2pm, and normally also on wine, which is much cheaper than champagne) are also Saturdays, 9am to 1pm. popular. We suggest, like most Spaniards, you drink bottled mineral water which is widely available. Geography Spain is large and generally flat in the center with the rugged Best Buys hills of the Pyrenees in the north and the mountain slopes of Sherry (liqueur), lace, ceramics, leather goods, jewelry, Lladro the Sierra Nevada in the south. figurines (porcelain), Spanish fans (abanico), Flamenco CDs, Damascene jewelry and Majorcan pearls. Climate and Clothing Shopping Hours Spain’s climate does vary but is by and large Mediterranean. Mondays to Saturdays 9am to 1pm and 5-8pm. Expect hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Take light to medium weight clothing in summer. Postal Information Manners and Customs The main post offices in major cities are generally open 9am to 8pm. Stamps are not only sold at the post offices but also The custom of siesta (early afternoon nap) is gradually at establishments called Estancos (tobacconists) which are disappearing and department stores now stay open through authorised to sell tobacco and stamps. the traditional three-hour siesta. Some shops close from 2 to 5pm and reopen for late-night trading. Telephone Food and Drink The country code is +34 (dialling in) and international access 00 (dialling out). Spaniards eat out a lot and one of the best ways to try a eKIT variety of dishes is tapas (snacks). Served in small bowls, the The access number for Spain is 800-099-665, idea is to share a mixed variety of dishes such of olives, squid, Madrid economy is 91-414-61-98. cheese, meat and bread. Other specialty dishes include Sopa Castellana (baked garlic soup), Besugo al Horno (seabream Public Toilets poached in a wine sauce), Cochinillo Asado (roasted suckling There are many expressions for toilet in Spanish – Aseos, Servicios, WC and Retretes. The first two terms are the more common. In public conveniences, attendants expect a tip.

Cibeles Fountain, Madrid

48 Sweden

Capital: Stockholm Population: 9 million Location: Northern Europe Land Area: 449,964km2 (173,732 mi2) Language: Swedish Famous for: Ikea, ABBA, Volvo and Saab

Money Matters pea soup or ärtsoppa (yellow peas and pork) served with thin pancakes (pannkakor), pickled wild strawberries and The currency is the Swedish Krona (SKR). It is divided into cloudberries unique to Scandinavia. Coffee and milk are very Ore (1 Krona – 100 Ore). Travelers checks are generally only popular, along with lager. Aquavit is the local spirit, usually accepted at exchange bureaux. ATMs are in widespread use. drunk chilled. Wines and spirits are very expensive. The water Bank opening hours is safe to drink. Mondays to Fridays, 9.30am to 6pm. Best Buys Geography Sweden is renowned for its quality modern designs. Sweden is mostly flat and has gently rolling lowlands with Glassware and crystal, jewelry, silver and pottery. Women’s mountains in the west. and children’s clothes are also good buys. Nordic sweaters are a specialty. Climate and Clothing Shopping Hours In general Sweden’s climate is of a temperate nature. Summer Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 5pm, and Saturdays, 9am to 1pm. weather is warm with low humidity and winters especially in the north are very cold. Summer evenings can be a bit cool, so Postal Information we suggest packing a sweater. Post boxes are yellow in Sweden. Stamps and aerograms Manners and Customs are also on sale at most bookstalls and at stationers. Swedes are very environmentally aware and recycling is Telephone very popular. Midsummer is always celebrated – maypoles, The country code is +46 (dialling in) and international garlands, flowerdecked houses, dancing and special access 00 (dialling out). Phones are conveniently located in midsummer dishes typify this popular festival. glass-enclosed sidewalk stalls and in ‘Tele’ offices. Dialling Food and Drink instructions are in Swedish and English. Swedish food was made famous by the Smörgåsbord, the eKIT Scandinavian cold buffet. A seemingly endless array of The access numbers are Sweden 0200-888-074, Stockholm delicacies from a number of herring dishes (sweet-pickled economy 08-5069-2159. herring, pickled herring with onions), Swedish meatballs (köttbullar), smoked salmon, pies, salads, eggs, bread, boiled Public Toilets and fried potatoes and so on. Other dishes to look out for are Located in underground (subway) stations, department stores gravlax (salmon that has been specially prepared), traditional and some of the bigger streets, squares and parks. They are often labelled with symbols for men and women, or marked WC, Damer (ladies) or Herrer (gentlemen) or simply D/H. Some have slots for coins or an attendant to give towels and soap (for a small charge), but most are free and tips are not usually expected. Useful website www.visitsweden.com

Royal Palace, Stockholm

49 Switzerland

Capital: Bern Population: 7.5 million Location: Central Europe Land Area: 41,290km2 (15,942mi2) Language: Swiss German, French and Italian Famous for: Clocks, watches, Swiss army knives, chocolates, banking

Money Matters and Rösti (fried potato), Bündnerfleisch (air-dried beef) and Fondue Bourguigon (cubes of steak with various sauces). Swiss The currency used is the Swiss Franc (CHF). It is divided into pastries and desserts are excellent. A great variety of Swiss rappen (1 Swiss Franc = 100 rappen). Many prices may also wines are available throughout the country. There are also be displayed in Euro. Major credit cards are widely accepted spirits made from fruit; the most popular are Kirsch, Pflümli and ATMs are widespread. Exchange offices are situated at and Williamine. The water in Switzerland is safe to drink. airports and large railway stations. Bank opening hours Best Buys Generally open Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 12.30 noon Watches, clocks and cuckoo clocks, chocolate, music boxes and 1.30pm to 4.30pm. and Swiss army knives. Geography Shopping Hours Usually Tuesdays to Fridays, 9am to 6pm (closed two It is a landlocked country, has the highest elevations in the hours for lunch); shops are closed on Monday mornings Alps and 70% of the country is made up of mountains. and opening hours vary on Saturdays. Climate and Clothing Postal Information The climate varies with elevation. The temperature is moderate Post offices are easily recognized by their distinctive sign with no real extremes of hot and cold. Summer is warm lasting showing a white cross on a red background and the letters from about June to September. It is best to be prepared for every PTT. All offices handle telephone calls and stamps are also eventuality and pack a warm sweater and raincoat. dispensed from vending machines outside. Swiss post boxes Manners and Customs are yellow. Post office hours are Monday to Friday, 7.30am to 12 noon and 2pm to 6.30pm, and Saturdays 7.30am to 11am. Etiquette and social customs are very formal. Swiss Germans tend to be extremely polite and hard working. Tips are Telephones generally included in the bills but you can add a small The country code is +41 (dialling in) and international access tip if the service was very good. Make sure you greet a 00 (dialling out). Complete and simple operating instructions shopkeeper when entering a store. in four languages, including English, are posted on all Food and Drink public telephones. eKIT French, German and Italian influences prevail in the regions The access numbers are Switzerland 0800-562-733, Zurich where those languages are spoken. Specialty dishes include economy 44-580-4354, nationwide economy 0842-000-004. Fondue and Raclette (cheese dipping dishes), sausages Public Toilets There are clean, conveniently located public toilets across Switzerland. Look out for the sign ‘Toiletten’ or ‘WC’. You will also find ‘Damen’ or ‘Frauen’ for ladies’ toilets, and ‘Herren’ and ‘Männer’ for men’s toilets. Useful website www.myswitzerland.com

Matterhorn, Zermatt

50 Turkey

Capital: Ankara Population: 75 million Location: South East Europe Land Area: 780,580km2 (301,383 mi2) Language: Turkish Famous for: Hand woven carpets, Turkish baths, ceramics and leather

Money Matters Food and Drink The currency in use is the Turkish Lira (TRY). It is divided into Food generally has a Middle Eastern influence. Specialty Kurus (1 Turkish Lira = 100 Kurus). Coins are issued in TL 1 and dishes include Meze (a selection of starters), kebabs, in 50, 25, 10, 5 and 1 Kurus and notes are issued in TL 200, 100, particular the Shish kebabs (pieces of meat such as lamb 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1. Major credit cards are widely accepted and threaded on a skewer and grilled), Doner kebab (lamb and ATMs are widely distributed. beef roasted on a vertical spit which is then thinly sliced) and for desert try Nightingale’s nest (walnut stuffed pastry), Bank opening hours baklava, various milk puddings and of course Turkish delight. Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 12 noon & 1.30pm to 5pm. The national drink is Raki (an aniseed liqueur), which can be Geography drunk throughout the meal either neat or with water. Turkish coffee is strong and served black. Stick to bottled water, either Turkey has a high central plateau (Anatolia), narrow coastal carbonated or still. plain and several mountain ranges. Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah’s Ark, is in the far eastern Best Buys part of the country. Turkey is generally hot or warm in summer Turkish Delight, local handicrafts, embroidered silks, woven with mild winters. carpets, jewelry, ceramics and leather. Manners and Customs Shopping Hours Hospitality has a strong emphasis on the Turkish way of life. Mondays to Saturdays, 9am to 7pm. Following religious laws of the Koran, the Turkish people are gracious and generous hosts and all guests (Misafir) are Postal Information treated in the best possible manner. Turks also make every Post offices are identified by the letters PTT in black on a effort to communicate no matter what the linguistic barriers yellow background. Large hotels have post offices or will handle might be. Turkish life is centered around the coffee house and your mail for you at the desk. Post boxes are painted yellow. the bath house. Even the smallest Turkish village has its coffee house or Kahve as the social center. Casual light clothes is the Telephone answer for the coast but include something stylish for dining The country code is +90 (dialling in) and international access and dancing. Modesty will win respect; low-cut tops and 00 (dialling out). Only a few countries can be called miniskirts (for women) are unsuitable everywhere except at reverse-charge (collect). the beach. eKIT The access number for Turkey is 00800-151-0788. Public Toilets Facilities are generally fine in hotels and large restaurants and acceptable at big highway filling stations, otherwise they are often below standard. Carry tissues with you when traveling, as toilet paper is not always supplied. Men’s toilets are indicated by the word Erkekler or Baylar and women’s by Kadinlar or Bayanlar or are recognisable by symbols.

Blue Mosque, Istanbul

51 Wales

Capital: Cardiff Population: 2.9 million Location: West of Great Britain Land Area: 20,779km2 (8,022mi2) Language: English and Welsh Famous for: Passion for Rugby, choirs

Money Matters Best Buys The currency in use is the Pound Sterling (£). It is divided into Look out for locally produced crafts including pottery, pence (1 Pound Sterling – 100 pence). Coins are issued in slatecraft, Celtic designed jewelry, hand-woven woollens 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p and £1 and notes in £5, £10, £20 and love spoons. Love spoons are traditionally hand carved and £50. wooden spoons produced by young men in Wales since the 17th century. They would be presented to women as an offer Bank opening hours of their love. If accepted it was a sign that courtship would Normal banking hours are Mondays to Fridays, 9.30am to 3.30pm. lead to marriage. Geography Shopping Hours Much of Wales’ diverse landscape is mountainous, particularly Monday to Saturday, 9am to 5.30pm. In smaller towns in the north and central regions. About 80% of the land is and villages the shops usually close early one day a week used for agriculture (including cattle grazing). (often Wednesdays). Climate and Clothing Postal Information Though generally mild with warm summers and cool Post boxes come in different shapes and sizes but are winters, the weather in Wales is variable with rapid climate always red. changes taking place with little or no notice. Light waterproofs or an umbrella are recommended year round and even in Telephone summer a warm woollen jumper or jacket may be required for The country code is +44 (dialling in) and international access cool evenings. 00 (dialling out). There are numerous public telephone boxes; some take coins and some take phone cards, which can be Food and Drink purchased in newsagents and other retail outlets. British and continental cuisine is widely available. Try Welsh eKIT Rarebit, a tasty snack of cheese on toast (there is no rabbit The access numbers are Wales 0800-032-6297, nationwide involved!). Specialty dishes include laverbread (made from economy 0845-085-0855. seaweed), bara brith (fruit bread), cawl cennin (leek soup), Welsh cakes and Welsh lamb. All the usual beers, wines and Useful website spirits are widely available. Tap water is safe to drink and www.visitwales.com bottled mineral water is also available.

Tintern Abbey, Tintern Caernarvon Castle, Gwynedd

52 Austria Austria Austria Austria

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Gala Dinner and Italian Opera

Gala Dinner and Italian Opera

3JTUPSBOUF7JMMBVia Vacchereccia, 1BTRVJOJ56 51010 Massa E Cozzile (PT), Italy Tel: ++39 0572 72205 Lungotevere Flaminio, 57 00196 ROME Fax: ++39 0572 910888 Tel: 06 361 00 97 Fax: 06 361 37 37 www.villapasquini.com 3JTUPSBOUF7JMMBVia Vacchereccia, 1BTRVJOJ56 Mobile: 0039-335/321489 51010 Massa E Cozzile (PT), Italy 35 Tel: ++39 0572 72205 Lungotevere Flaminio, 57 00196 ROME Fax: ++39 0572 910888 Tel: 06 361 00 97 Fax: 06 361 37 37 www.villapasquini.com Mobile: 0039-335/321489

35 Italy

Casanova Ristorante Roma, Via Rodi 18/A, Italy http://www.casanovarestaurant.it Cinque Terre, Italy New 2010 Booklet Eur:Layout 1 24/11/10 11:00 Page 42

NETHERLANDS Morocco

No 2 Place Jamaa El Fnaa Medina Marrakech www.Palaisarabe.ma

41 Morocco

AUX 100000 Marrakech, Morocco www.aux100000epices.com Volubilis, Morocco

Fez Royal Palace, Morocco Netherlands

A Brilliant Choice

ThE DiAmonD ExpEriEncE in AmsTErDAm

Every year Amsterdam welcomes over one million visitors who are particularly interested in the fascinating diamond craftsmanship. The Gassan Group is the combination of the leading diamond-polishing factories in Amsterdam.

Gassan Diamonds, a family owned company, is located in a formerly steam driven diamond 7 days a week factory in the centre of Amsterdam. The company still concentrates primarily on diamond cutting, wholesaling and retailing in set diamonds, loose polished diamonds, gold jewellery and watches. Gassan Diamonds has a unique position within the diamond industry by introducing a new cut, the Gassan 121. Gassan Diamonds offers free guided tours in 27 languages, a own mooringsite, coffeeshop and a Diamondland boutique with a large collection fashion jewellery and brilliant souvenirs.

open 7 days a week Gassan Diamonds - Nieuwe Uilenburgerstraat 173-175 1011 LN Amsterdam, Holland T +31 (0)6225333 F +31(0)20-6246084 E [email protected] I www.gassan.com

Adv. Tracoin 90x240mm dec. 2012.indd 1 14-12-2012 10:39:03 Netherlands

Amsterdam, Netherlands Portugal Scotland

Sagres Peninsula, Algarve Isle of Skye, Scotland Scotland Advert_Layout 1 02/01/2012 15:43 Page 1

TASTE OF SCOTLAND Scottish Show WORLD FAMOUS SHOW & DINNER

THREE SCOTTISH TENORS Perform nightly

ROBERT BURNS’ Address to the Haggis

Alove OF GRETNA GREEN

Romance, Scandal, intrigue… BAGPIPES, FIDDLES & CEILIDH DANCING! whisky, cashmere, golf… TARTAN & KILTS GALORE One of Scotland’s most compelling historical tales marries WHISKY & HAGGIS with one of Scotland’s best TRADITIONAL SCOTTISH ENTERTAINMENT shopping experiences.

An unmissable feast of traditional Scottish music, song, food and culture in the magnificent setting of historic Prestonfield House, just moments from the Royal Mile. Enjoy a four-course dinner with wine followed by a spectacular 2-hour show. Unmissable! DINNER, SHOW & WINE JUST £53 Open everyday from 9am BOOK ONLINE (only closed Christmas Day) BOOKING HOTLINE 0131 225 7800 open late in summer BOOKscottishshow.co.uk ONLINE scottishshow.co.uk OrOr buy buy tickets tickets from from the the Hub Hub Box Box Office, Office, Castlehill, Castlehill, Royal Royal Mile Mile shop online: www.gretnagreen.com

Gretna Green • Scotland • DG16 5EA Tel: 01461 338441 • [email protected] Scotland Spain

Torphichen Inn

7 The Square Torphichen West Lothian EH48 4LY www.thetorphicheninn.co.uk New 2010 Booklet Eur:Layout 1 24/11/10 11:01 Page 44

SWITZERLAND

Spain

The Revolving Restaurant In The Luzern Area

El Patio Sevillano The Best and Oldest Located in the Historical Part Spanish Art (Flamenco, Regional and Classic). An authentic ‘flamenco’ performed by the best artists, the most complete show of Spanish6300 Dance, ft. in a ‘Patio’ that breathes the pure atmosphere of Seville.

See Eiger, Moench, Jungfrau and 100 km of alpine panorama.

Vintage cable car from 1893.

Mount Stanserhorn Railway, Rondorama® revolving restaurant Paseo de Cristóbal Colón, 11A, 41001 SEVILLACH-6370 Stans/Luzern Telephone: 4214120-4222068Fon +41• Fax: (0)41 4225591 618 80 40, Fax +41 (0)41 618 80 48 Air Conditioned • [email protected], Service www.stanserhorn.ch

43 Spain

New 2010 Booklet Eur:Layout 1 24/11/10 11:01 Page 44

SAN MARCO RESTAURANT c/. Santo Domingo de la Calzada 5 41018 Sevilla – Spain Tel. +(34) 616 608285 [email protected]

Distinction, wide selection of dishes and excellent service, make the San Marco restaurant on calle Santo Domingo de la Calzada, in an area where enjoy the pleasure of good eating. Gardens, terraces, rooms full of imagination and cared for with all kinds of decorative details, where you can enjoy the best cuisine of Seville.

SWITZERLAND

The Revolving Restaurant In The Luzern Area

6300 ft.

See Eiger, Moench, Jungfrau and 100 km of alpine panorama.

Vintage cable car from 1893.

Mount Stanserhorn Railway, Rondorama® revolving restaurant CH-6370 Stans/Luzern Fon +41 (0)41 618 80 40, Fax +41 (0)41 618 80 48 [email protected], www.stanserhorn.ch

43 Switzerland

CHARLES BUCHER EXCURSIONS GUIDED TOURS ON LAKE LUCERNE

TEL +41 41 410 20 55 TEL +41 41 410 17 37 FAX +41 41 410 42 22 FAX+41 41 410 42 27

WWW.CHARLES-BUCHER.CH Switzerland

Jungfraujoch Top of Europe

Up to the highest-altitude railway station in Europe · 3454 m

On the journey, this engineering masterpiece of the century awards simply stunning views from the middle of the famous Eiger North Wall. A wonderworld of snow and ice.

Seeing it once is better than speaking of it a thousand times. New 2010 BookletJungfraujoch Eur:Layout – Top of Europe: 1 your 24/11/10 swiss mountain 11:01 experience Page 46 top offers & more infos at jungfrau.ch

Bahnofplatz Tel: 967 44 00

YOUR ONE STOP IN ZERMATT FOR ALL GROUPFOTOS, T-SHIRTS AND SOUVENIRS

LARGEST SELECTION OF T-SHIRTS/SWEATSHIRTS IN ZERMATT

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS FOR ALL GROUP MEMBERS. Chapel Bridge, LucerneOpened in 1912, the sensational Jungfrau Railway undoubtendly counts as one of Switzerland‘s most impressive excursions. Aletsch Glacier – the longest ice- stream in the Alps, 22 km long and up to 800 metres thick. Ice Palace – 30 metres beneath the glacier surface Sphinx – the highest vantage point of the Top of Europe, 3571 metres alt. 365 DAYS A YEAR. Charles Bucher Excursions 365 Guided tours on Lake Lucerne

Tel. ++41 41 410 20 55 ++41 41 410 17 37

Fax. ++41 41 410 42 27

Website: www.charles-bucher.ch

Jungfrau Railways · CH-3800 Interlaken Phone: +41 (0)33 828 71 11 [email protected] · www.jungfraubahn.ch

45 Switzerland

2132 possibilities above sea level

113617_PIL_INS_90x240_Zahnrad_e_RZ1.indd 1 21.12.11 15:45 C12270 Trafalgar and Insight Booklet Ad.qxd 16/1

C12270Wales Trafalgar and Insight Booklet Ad.qxd 16/1 2000 Years of History www.cardiffcastle.com 2000 Years of History www.cardiffcastle.com

Prepare to beAmazed! • SpectacularPrepare Castle apartments to beAmazed! • Audio• Spectacular guide of CastleBattlement apartments walls, grounds and Norman Keep • Traditional• Audio guide Welsh of BattlementBanquets walls,for a groundstrue taste and of Norman Wales Keep – includes• Traditional 4 course Welsh dinner, Banquets entertainment for a true taste and of Wales harpist – includes 4 course dinner, entertainment and harpist • Book via your Tour Director • Book via your Tour Director

Snowdonia Mountains, Wales