WineEng 2015 The Australian Wine Research Institute Historical and future developments in grape pressing Simon Nordestgaard The Australian Wine Research Institute
[email protected] Outline The Australian Wine Research Institute . Pressing for white and red wine production . Ancient presses . Batch presses . Continuous presses . Future presses Pressing in white and red wine production (simplified) The Australian Wine Research Institute WHITE WINE PRODUCTION RED WINE PRODUCTION Destemming Destemming Crushing Crushing Pressing Fermentation Fermentation Pressing Pressing in white and red wine production (simplified) The Australian Wine Research Institute Batch pressing basics WHITE WINE PRODUCTION Pressure Destemming Time Crushing fractions Separate Separate Rupture order of grape pulp cells Pressing 1. Intermediate zone • Moderate acidity • Slightly higher sugar 2. Central zone • Highest acidity Fermentation 3. Peripheral zone • Lowest acidity, • Skins high in potassium, phenolics and aroma precursors Ancient Egypt – torsion press The Australian Wine Research Institute Images from Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep’s tomb at Saqqara – 5th dynasty (c. 2494 – 2345 BC) Images from Nakht’s tomb at Thebes – 18th dynasty (c. 1543-1292 BC) Ancient Greece/Rome – lever press with windlass The Australian Wine Research Institute Described by Cato, c. 160 BC (White, K.D. (1975) Farm equipment of the Roman world. Cambridge Press) Video based on a press found at the “Villa of the Mysteries” near Pompeii (c. 79 AD) (www.museogalileo.it) Ancient Greece/Rome – lever press with screw The Australian Wine Research Institute counterweight Described by Pliny c. 77 AD (White, K.D. (1975) Farm equipment of the Roman world. Cambridge Press) Lever press, c.1200 AD Lever press c.