routes hemappedoutontherock wallsnearby. the many Histakes of memorial theform Guide Pier Azorean thebusiness. ran people. ber of numerous andalargenum- authorities er openingceremony inthepresence of there wasanoth- onlytwo years later, On14July 1957, ed therebuilding works. theItalian Alpine Club) pressed forandsupport- theCadore of branch man of Chair- andSilvia, Aaronson, whowasthe Mayor of brotherty andsister (Attila, Mon- The to rebuild thewill quicklywasstronger thanever. however, At thattime, thisnewmisfortune. of witnesses were thevalley helpless theinhabitantsof From Aaronson, ly destroyed by fire. before on 16 thenight April 1955thebuildingwascomplete- tures were not over: But themisadven- thegreat Aaronson Alpine guide. icated to Caldara, Bruno which thehut wasded- attheendof later stillanotherreconstruction, mountains; itanotherunavoidable andwith Then anotherwarstarted from separation the places themostvisited intheDolomites. into oneof itwastransformed more thanthis, DufferandPress; worthy heirsof Mary Virile... Casing, Dismay, Comic, thattime: and ameetingpointforthegreat climbersof mountainhut The therefore base forart’s becameasupport art sake...” sibility..., impos- inviolability, height, “...beauty, asPaul Grohmann wrote: faces expressed, thisnew ageandtheirrock TheTre Cime were theessence of artists. traordinary andperfectionto works inthemostpreciousbyin theirbeauty carved ex- marble cadente della goccia the thosewhodevised inspiring paradise, Lavaredo becameamountaineers’ timetheTre Cime di In afewyears’ it boasted apaidmounted courier service. Principe Umberto itwascalledRifugio and but in1925thenewrefuge wasready: Several years passedbefore theproject wascompleted, planning to rebuild it. theItalian Alpine Clubstarted theCadore of branch When peace wasrestored, the front line. itwassituated alongway from theshootingon even if thefighting, aged during It wasbadlydam- theItalian supplybaseontheLavaredo plateau. of coming part be- upinwarevents, itwascaught still uncompleted, Three years later, zo started. theRifugio Auron- theconstruction of after much discussionanddoubt, In 1912, T H Walking route. DEGREE OFDIFFICULTY 3-4 hours. DURATION terized bycontinuousascentsanddescents. 400-550 metres,bearingitinmindthatisahigh-altitudeitinerary, charac- DIFFERENCE INALTITUDE Lavaredo. crossing thescreeslopesbelownorthernrockfacesofTre Cimedi to theLavaredopass.Markings:tracks.Descent:returnColdiMezzopass dro (2,536m)thenpassingmilitaryinstallationstothewestandeast From theColdiMezzopass(2,315 m)totherockyfoothillsofSassodiLan- DESCRIPTION OFTHEROUTE 1.1 Walk of greathistorical interest. DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY About 1,30hours. DURATION About 140metres upanddownslightinclines. DIFFERENCE INALTITUDE Route 104, tracks,unmarkedsections. RifugioAuronzo. Starting point: the LavaredoplateauandAuronzo Refuge(2,330m). From theLavaredopass(2,457 m)totheColdiMezzopass(2,315 m)across DESCRIPTION OFTHEROUTE 1.2 E

A U FORCELLA LAVAREDO QUOTA aiPianidiLavaredo “2385” R O N Z O

fligdo tnrre) rock routes thatwere similar very drop(falling itineraries), R E F U G E

O N

T H E

m 2457) (m. L O N G É R E S

P A S S Battalion, 1915. the Val PiaveAlpine 268th Companyof Longéres bythe Shelter buildingat Cime diLavaredo. 79. AreaoftheTre War Museum,118/ Rovereto Historical

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vie Not far away from thebuilding, in thegreen of theplateau of Lavaredo, there cated. hit byan Austrianshell on24May1915, where theofficers’quarters werelo- low cliffbeyond whicharetheruinsof small barrackbuildingandshelter After lookingat theGothiccathedralofCadini ofMisurina,youwillreach a commanded by CaptainMazzini. pany atthebeginningof war, laterjoinedby the58thMountainBattery Italian artilleryobservationpost. Thiswasheldbythe75thAlpineRegimentCom- lasted wallsatthesidesleads toaheightat2.385metres,wheretherewasan past themeadowsinfront.An unusualmilitaryvehicularroadwithhigh,bal- very smallandsometimesdry Lavaredolake,leavethemarkedtrailwalkingon of route104 towardsthe path leadingtoPiandiCengia.Afterreachingthe ter theroutepreviouslydescribed.FromLavaredopass, take ashortsection This itinerarycanbechosenasaninterestingalternativeway ofreturningaf- THE POSITIONAT 2,385METRESONTHELAVAREDO PLATEAU further onthereisasmallmachine-gunpositionincavern. terrace protectedbyrobustwallsandsupportedwoodentrellis-work.Afewmetres ily negotiableowingtothestepsthathavebeencarvedingrounduntilyoureacha and thentotheheartofCrodadelRifugiostronghold.Godowntunnelsthatareeas- line ofmilitaryinstallationsthat,withoutinterruptionorslackening,leadsfirsttothewalls buildings, cavernsandimposingwalls.Fromhere,tothewesteast,follow Rifugio. Asteepslopeandremainsofwalkwaysleadtoacantonmentwithroads,barrack (on screeslopesandnotmarked)leadingtotheColdiMezzopasstowardsCrodadel top stationofthecablewayupfromCasondelaCrosèra(Val Marzon),followthetrack sible bycar. Fromthe highestcarpark,wherethereisabigbuildingaccommodatingthe either fromtheArghenapass,or, moreeasily, fromtheAuronzoRefuge(2,330m),acces- The startingpointisForcellaColdiMezzo,theMezzopass,whichcanbereached ments locatedonthepassesbetweenthreepeaksofTre CimediLavaredo. line alsoconnectedthelook-outposts,machine-gunpositionsandartilleryemplace- the frontier, whichhad salientsattheColdiMezzoandLavaredopasses.Thisdefence The itineraryfollowsthetracesofItaliansoldiersthatwerefirmlyduginallalong THE LAVAREDO PLATEAU

Fornari A. plateau. The returnpathfrom2,385mtotheLavaredo First Italiananti-aircraftpositionontheLavaredoplateau.

Alfarè I. the plateau. the easternedgeof Lavaredo passalong leading tothe Restored mule-track Alfarè I. Lavaredo passandCrodadiPassaporto. stone; inthebackgroundtoleft Area oftheTre CimediLavaredo.Memorial Rovereto HistoricalWar Museum,25/66. 2,385 m. to thecolat steps leading with original Cabled route

Alfarè I. P In ashort time you will then get back to the starting point. Succour. time for ashortstop at thesmallchurch, originally dedicatedto OurLadyof manding Officer oftheAlpineVal PiaveBattalion,whodied inbattle.Thereis which wasthe HQofLieutenant-GeneralLieut GeneralAntonioGioppi,Com- pass, wherethere aremorerelicsofwarand theperimeterofastonebuilding en andcontinuetothemule-track fromtheLavaredopasstoLongéres and smallwoodenbridges.Then godowntothefootofAngelFall- 2,385 metres,beyondwhichthere arestillhutsandeasywalkwayswithsteps Continuing tofollowthetrack oftheoldroad,youwillgettopositionat the importantstretchoffront fromMisurinatoLandroandMountPiana. naissance planesthatcarriedoutfrequentflightsfromToblach aerodromeover remains oftheItaliananti-aircraftoperationsdirectedagainst Austrianrecon- ing fromthem,onwhichafieldgunwasinstalledatthe time. Thesearethe are twostrangecementstructures,truncatedconeswithashort ironpoleemerg- Mezzo pass. walls ofthemountain,whichwepass,takinganeasypathtogobackdownColdi After thistherearenomoresignsofwar, whichgivewaytotheforbidding northern dug outofthestone. mass ofrockthatlookslikeafanfromdistance,islook-outpostwithaccessbysteps the Lavaredopass,fromwhichtherewasawiderrange.Atthispointoningreat plateau. Afewmetresafterthisthereisagunemplacement.Thepiecesweremovedto Turn northandyouwillseeanothersmallmachine-gunpositioncommandingtheentire summit”) arethetracesofformerstonemarkingItalo-Austrianfrontierupto1915. of theCimaPiccola(the“lowsummit”);atbasePiccolissima“verylow and runsamongruinedstructures.TheremainsoftheItalianencampmentareatfoot “Our LadyofTheft”andtaketheoldtrackwhichhaspartlyconserveditsballastedwall summit), descendashortdistancetothechurchthatAlpinesoldiersbuiltitcalled After thesaddlebetweenCimaGrande(the“bigsummit”)andOvestwestern plateau. Lavaredo tion onthe aircraft posi- Italian anti- Second Austrian shelling. devasted by Auronzo Refuge) Refuge (nowthe Principe Umberto 25/28. War Museum, Rovereto Historical

Istituto Geografico Militare - Aut. n. 6109 del 12.10.2005 nerkofler. SeppIn- dugagrave Then they onthesummit to bury it hadcaught. usingropes to hisbody away drag from therocky face onwhich summit, theirbig enemy onto the the Italian soldiers hauledthe deadbody of forts, With ef- indescribable Mount Paterno stayed inItalian hands. The top of Emperor and Fatherland… maxim was God, whose the greatest heroes ever, like one of washow This Innerkofler fell, war. twentieth-century modern from to prehistory this which hascontinued throughout the centuries, man, man against theeternal battleof of a symbol duel, So endedthis mighty into dashing himdown theabyss. and thenthrew itathisenemy, hoiste bothhands, took upaboulderwith who man... strongly-built abig, lined againsttheskyabove the low wall, Suddenly anotherfigure becameout- But noexplosion shooktheair... one. thenasecond andathird thesmallItalian post; grenade behindthewallof amountaineer… With asweeping gesture itthrew a hand- pace of tranquil itmoved atthe serene, among therocky slopesandstood uponthetop; were riveted passand saddle… on thepeakfrom figure every A dark appeared from andenemy, friend theeyes of eyes, Thousandsof mountains. adead cannon andmachine-guns were still: Suddenly asmallyellow flagwaved ... Austrian hands…Minutes passed; The firstsunbeamsshouldhave illuminated amountainthatwasagainin thegrenades... machine-gun inthewake fire hurtled of terno andburstsof Pa- At daybreak on4July the Austrian fired batteries atthetop of hearts. Mount Sepphadbeenlistened to: that would never have if beennecessary And theevent took place atthe Austrian straight annoyingly positionsbelow. day eyes every from thesmallItalian postlooked dangerously and minute of Every Mount Paterno hadbeenoccupied by theItalians. theToblin pass: of from which thefirstgunshotswere fired atthedefenders Paterno, top of uponthe Oneday sprang aparapet But whathehadforeseen took place. his peace ... andkept however, to thedecision, positions…… Seppresigned himself whowere well aware very thatKofel overlooked the Austrian Auronzo, of He knewthatover there amongthe Alpini were theItalian guides trouble. He realized thatthismountainwould cause the Austrian defence much tain. The Captainwould notseereason andgave orders to abandonthemoun- He brought thenewsthattop hadnotbeenoccupied by theenemy yet... reached hispatrol. thetop with however, Sepp, thispeak. of the importance wasnotsufficientlyconvinced of whodidnotknow themountains, tain, But theCap- vain…Therefore asked they theircommander to holdPaterno. a rocky bastionagainstwhich entire would regiments hurl themselves in was it native valley; Paterno wasarockthatprotected fortress theguides’ itwould beapillarwhich noenemy would pass. itremained Austrian, If Mount Paterno rose threateningly above CapannaTre Cime. The peakof fromings theTyrolese Mountains ... thefirstwargreet- togreetings the theirblackhats, Alpine soldierswith whistledthefirst they When hadthechance, they snowby ahigh layer... warfare ontheSesto guerrilla started Sepp the Patrol”, “Flying passes… the mostimportant As commander of troops to garrison but hardly sufficientto collect asmallnumber of there, troops hadbeenpicked uphere and number small of was thataridiculously Theonlyinformation neitherhisstrength norhisintentions. this enemy, Nothing about wasknown theSesto Dolomites. rocky massesof mighty theItalian enemy stood behindthe It was24May andwarhadstarted, ever saw ... thegreatest thatourmountains fighters madehiminto oneof Fatherland, his hisEmperor, to God, hisduty Theardent consciousness of country.... andputhishandsonthoserockshe took to uphisrifle defendhisbeloved This fifty-year-old manhadalready career hadanunrivalled asaguidewhen menwhowere andwholive born inthemountains. of the sublimevirtues The bestmanamongthemwasSeppInne especially skilledinmountain-climbing… were They the Alps. most famousandaudaciousguidecorps inthewholeof the oneof Sesto wasthehomelandof were …they rocky theguides. deserts these were they themasters of aspecialcharacter; menwith consisted of thesesmallforces But thenucleus of mountains onalovely summerday. these can becounted of walkingalongthosepassesandclimbingthewalls that asfewthetourists ready intheDolomites to around fight Sesto, there were fewmen ...When warbroke outagainstItaly on24May 1915, p F T r a H o n m y E

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t c I N h e N r anguish intheir with bold enterprise this the progress of to followwere trying who their comrades, reached theearsof nonoise stone fell; summit… Not a cult north-western trol climbedthediffi- andhispa- Sepp July, before 4 On thenight stormed. Paterno hadto be

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C o m - LIST OF ITINERARIES 1 11 GENERAL INFORMATION Alfarè I. In the new version of their father’s book, Guerra in Ampezzo e in Cadore (“War in 2 12 Ampezzo and Cadore”), Tito and Camillo Berti write: ”...only a few of the hundreds 3 2 6 1 of walkers who leave the Longéres pass for the Lavaredo pass every day in sum- 7 4 8 5 mer and autumn realise that they are moving in an environment which was made

AURONZO DI CADORE 3 13 sacred by events in the Great War…” CORTINA D’AMPEZZO 21 26 22 25 In fact Forcella Lavaredo (the Lavaredo pass, Paternsattel, 2,457 m), which was 4 14 called the Marzon pass by the inhabitants of Auronzo di Cadore in former times, 9 10 11 24 has become the centre of the memories of the Great War in the area of the Tre 12 13 23 14 15 16 Cime di Lavaredo. During the conflict it was the main lynchpin of the Italian de- 17 29 5 15 18 19 32 30 fensive line, along with the Pian di Cengia pass (Büllelejoch, 2,522 m) and the 20 27 28 31 MARMOLADA 34 Giralba pass (Giralbajoch, 2,431 m). It is a mountain pass filled with memories of 33 PIEVE DI CADORE 35 climbing and war history. It is enough to remember that in 1915 it was the fron- 37 6 16 ZOLDO tier between Italy and Austria, which had remained unvaried since 1753, when 38 36 an entente was signed by the Venetian Republic and Empress Maria Theresa of 7 17 Hapsburg. After this treaty, a large number of boundary stones were placed at 40 the most prominent points, while in other cases marble plaques with the Lion of

AGORDO St Mark and the Tyrolean coat of arms were applied to the mountainside. One of

39 these plaques could still be seen on the Lavaredo pass, at the foot of Cima Pic- 8 18 colissima (Kleinste Zinne, 2x700 m) in a kind of natural niche placed under a roof 1 Forcella Lavaredo 21 Col Ciampon of rock. It stayed there for 150 years, even miraculously surviving gunfire; only 2 Quota “2385” ai Piani di Lavaredo 22 Monte Tudaio when the Great War ended was it destroyed or taken away by unknown vandals. 3 Croda dell’Arghena 23 P.so Mauria - M. Miaron 9 19 All that remains now are the joins in the rock wall, like a frame without a paint- 4 Giro del Col di Mezzo 24 P.so Mauria - Col Audoi ing, with a small cross and the date “1753”. 5 Misurina - Monte Piana 25 Col Vidal 6 Rif. A. Bosi e Monte Piana 26 Anello dei Colli 10 20 The Lavaredo pass is a wide gravelly pass opening a half-moon of sky in the empyre- 7 Cristallino di Misurina 27 Forte Monte Ricco an of the Dolomites. There it is, at the point at which the rock of the smallest of 8 Valle delle Baracche 28 Batteria Castello GREAT WAR SITES IN THE PROVINCE OF BELLUNO the three Lavaredo peaks seems to fail, exhausted by the effort of supporting the 9 Posizione “Edelweiss” - Sella del Sief 29 Forte Col Vaccher Preservation and promotion of the areas in the Memorial Park massif behind it. The rock gives way to a swarming mass of gravel, a wave that 10 Sella Sief - Cima Sief 30 Monte Tranego breaks to take shape again, mightier and more grandiose than before, on the cliffs 11 Cima Sief - Col di Lana 31 Forte Pian dell’Antro PRIMA LINEA AURONZO-CORTINA of Croda del Passaporto before it (Passportenkopf, 2,714 m). 12 Da Cima Lana ai Ciadiniéi 32 Col S. Anna - La Glories A. Fornari 13 Ciadinéi - Sella Sief 33 Vodo - Becco di Cuzze (Accesso A) Italian troops started occupying Forcella Lavaredo on 11 May 1915 and immedi- Cima Piccolissima di Lavaredo and Cima Grande di Lavaredo. 14 Variante Col de la Roda 34 Vodo - Becco di Cuzze (Accesso B) 1.1 FORCELLA LAVAREDO (m. 2457) ately began to dig trenches. They were Alpine Regiment men of the 67th Compa- 15 Cima Lana - Costone Castello - Sella Sief 35 Monte Rite 1.2 QUOTA “2385” ai Piani di Lavaredo ny of the Val Piave Battalion under Captain Busolli and of the 74th Company of The fundamental intention of this project is to acquaint the new generations with the splendid and enchanting places that were 16 Cima Lana - Agai e Palla 36 Col Pradamio the Cadore Battalion under Captain Gatto Raissard. On the following day, Austri- the backdrop to the terrible and tragic events involved in the Great War on the Dolomite front. The traces of 29 seemingly end- less months of struggle that have survived the passing of time enhance the fascination and the beauty of the landscape, teach- 17 Col Da Daut - Col Toront 37 Spiz Zuel an soldiers, mostly Tyrolese Landesschützen led by Captain Jaschke, also arrived ing us to observe, know and learn. 18 Museo storico a Serauta - Marmolada 38 Col de Saléra - Monte Punta History and description of the Great War sites to do the same thing, but it was too late. Nevertheless there were neither clash- Itineraries of various lengths and degrees of difficulty have been proposed for visiting these sites, some of them fully realis- able fully considering the needs of people with reduced mobility. The itineraries that are suggested have been selected bear- 19 Malga Ciapèla - Ombretta di Marmolada 39 Tagliata di San Martino es nor skirmishes: the Austrians withdrew willingly, in compliance with instructions ing some basic features in mind, such as historical significance, ease of access and nearness to other sites of historical interest. 20 Zona monumentale della Marmolada 40 Batteria Listolade from the High Command, which did not want to compromise the diplomatic ne- We hope that this new historical and cultural opportunity will find a large number of visitors and enthusiasts who not only gotiations still in progress between Austria and Italy. In order to prevent their op- love the mountains for their natural beauty but are able to perceive the relationship between man and nature, which has left Front cover: HQ hut on the Lavaredo plateau after restoration. A. Fornari very special traces in these spots as a result of the Great War. ponents from holding on to commanding positions, however, the Austrians formed Organising authorities and financing bodies Coordination: COMUNITË MONTANA AGORDINA - Via IV Novembre, 2 - 32021 Agordo (BL) - Italia so-called flying patrols, whose task was not only to spy on enemy moves, but al-

Tel. 0039 0437 62390 - Fax 0039 0437 62043 - Email [email protected] FREE OF CHARGE DISTRIBUTED “…the Alps see prodigies, not only on the part of individuals, but also of big patrols, platoons and whole companies. And not do we so to be seen everywhere, changing position continuously and so, as it were, fly- see feats performed by the most expert, but even the youngest recruits soon turn into accomplished climbers. Some new mountain I LUOGHI DELLA GRANDE GUERRA IN PROVINCIA DI BELLUNO Interventi di recupero e valorizzazione nei territori del Parco della Memoria ing from one mountain peak to another. The Italians had to be convinced that routes are even opened up under enemy fire to meet the needs of war..." (A. Berti). Progetto cofinanziato dall’Unione Europea mediante Fondo Europeo di Sviluppo Regionale A historical record to re-discover the Mountains, not to forget, to know the men that lived this tragic but extraordinary ad- Iniziativa Comunitaria Interreg IIIA Italia-Austria 2000-2006 - Progetto (Cod. VEN 222001) they were facing enemy troops who were ready, battle-trained and in great num- DIE ORTE DES ERSTEN WELTKRIEGES IN DER PROVINZ BELLUNO venture. Memories of war for paths of peace. Eingriffe der Wiederinstandsetzung und Valorisierung in den Gebieten des Erinnerungsparks bers. This has been, as it still is, the purpose of the work done by the Technical and Scientific Committee of the Italy-Austria Inter- Von der E.U. Unterstützes Projekt Mittels Europäischer Wärungsfonds zur Regionalen Entwicklung Gemeinschaftsinitiative Interreg IIIA Italien-Österreich 2000-2006 - Projekt (Cod. VEN 222001) reg III A project called "Great War sites in the Province of Belluno. Preservation and promotion of the areas in the Memorial GREAT WAR SITES IN THE PROVINCE OF BELLUNO Park". The results of the Committee's labours are the guides and leaflets that give everyone the chance to tackle easy itiner- Preservation and promotion of the areas in the Memorial Park The most famous patrol was formed on 20 May 1915: it consisted of very skilful Project co-financed by the European Union through European Found for Regional Developmen aries and experience life on the front line at first hand, realising the difficulties of the existence at an altitude of more than 2,000 Community Initiative Interreg IIIA Italia-Austria 2000-2006 - Project (Cod. VEN 222001) Tyrolese mountain guides. Among them were Joseph and Christl Innerkofler, Hans metres of the soldiers of the opposing armies. This is to remember that the war is not something that has been forgotten and that, in the words of Surgeon Second-Lieutenant Forcher, Andreas Piller, Benitius Rogger, Stefan Becher and Anton Schranzhofer. Gino Frontali, "...it is not a parenthesis that we can hasten to close to go back to what we were saying before...". In only a few days they were seen on the summits of Paterno (Paternkofel, 2,744

Coordination and Scientific and Technical Committee CONTINUE

ginning of the twentieth century ... these were the officers’ quarters. The small bar- small The quarters. officers’ the were these ... century twentieth the of ginning observation post at 2,385 metres. 2,385 at post observation Alpine troops. There were only to be two days of relative tranquillity, followed tranquillity, relative of days two be to only were There troops. Alpine

so hotly disputed, boasted a paid mounted courier service. courier mounted paid a boasted disputed, hotly so of young ladies brushed by respectful lips, a taste of an ordinary day at the be- the at day ordinary an of taste a lips, respectful by brushed ladies young of enough to fire against aircraft. There was also a good mule-track to the artillery the to mule-track good a also was There aircraft. against fire to enough On 23 May, the 58th Mountain Battery commanded by Capt Mazzini joined the joined Mazzini Capt by commanded Battery Mountain 58th the May, 23 On

was also badly damaged during the war. When it was rebuilt in 1925 this refuge, this 1925 in rebuilt was it When war. the during damaged badly also was of smoke from expensive cigars smoked in graceful drawing-rooms, the dainty hands dainty the drawing-rooms, graceful in smoked cigars expensive from smoke of truncated cones were used to lift the field-gun trunnions in order to tilt them up them tilt to order in trunnions field-gun the lift to used were cones truncated

The Auronzo Refuge near the Longéres pass, formerly the Principe Umberto Refuge, Umberto Principe the formerly pass, Longéres the near Refuge Auronzo The gant tea-cup. Vestiges of home and family, serenity denied, hazy memories of puffs of memories hazy denied, serenity family, and home of Vestiges tea-cup. gant all his ability during the extraordinary feat of the taking of Cima Undici. Cima of taking the of feat extraordinary the during ability his all my positions on the stretch of front from Misurina to Landro and Mount Piana. These Piana. Mount and Landro to Misurina from front of stretch the on positions my

factured sugar bowl buried by the collapse and the bottom of a beautiful, ele- beautiful, a of bottom the and collapse the by buried bowl sugar factured mand of a very good mountaineer, Lieutenant Fausto De Zolt, who was to show to was who Zolt, De Fausto Lieutenant mountaineer, good very a of mand an reconnaissance planes that took off from Toblach aerodrome to spy on the ene- the on spy to aerodrome Toblach from off took that planes reconnaissance an

of Our Lady of Theft”. of Lady Our of ten lives; remains and fragments of crockery, a teaspoon, an exquisitely manu- exquisitely an teaspoon, a crockery, of fragments and remains lives; ten Regiment Company were housed with three platoons, one of them under the com- the under them of one platoons, three with housed were Company Regiment are the remains of the first Italian anti-aircraft operations directed against Austri- against directed operations anti-aircraft Italian first the of remains the are

around them in the construction of the church, had another name for it: the “Church the it: for name another had church, the of construction the in them around the windows, survive, whereas on the ground there is litter from simple, forgot- simple, from litter is there ground the on whereas survive, windows, the ting it on fire. In this small world that seemed safe from any danger, the 75th Alpine 75th the danger, any from safe seemed that world small this In fire. on it ting are two strange cement structures with a short iron pole emerging from them. These them. from emerging pole iron short a with structures cement strange two are

of the fallen. The Alpine soldiers, who had used whatever they could lay hands on hands lay could they whatever used had who soldiers, Alpine The fallen. the of corner of the mountain. The thin red friezes adorning the empty architraves of architraves empty the adorning friezes red thin The mountain. the of corner trian gunfire at the Lavaredo pass, hitting the small barracks just below and set- and below just barracks small the hitting pass, Lavaredo the at gunfire trian Not far away from the building, lost in the green of the plateau of Lavaredo, there Lavaredo, of plateau the of green the in lost building, the from away far Not

the 7th Alpine Regiment. The result was a work of moving piety, built in memory in built piety, moving of work a was result The Regiment. Alpine 7th the hawk-like Austrian warplanes could have singled it out. But they had surveyed each surveyed had they But out. it singled have could warplanes Austrian hawk-like the summit of Mount Paterno on 25 May 1915 that Sepp Innerkofler aimed Aus- aimed Innerkofler Sepp that 1915 May 25 on Paterno Mount of summit the

refuge. refuge. Church of Maria Ausiliatrice), tirelessly led by Don Pietro Zangrando, Chaplain to Chaplain Zangrando, Pietro Don by led tirelessly Ausiliatrice), Maria of Church is left of the building, literally clinging to the rocks, we cannot imagine how the how imagine cannot we rocks, the to clinging literally building, the of left is ly and showed that they had an excellent knowledge of the territory. It was from was It territory. the of knowledge excellent an had they that showed and ly

venge: well-aimed gunfire set fire to the Dreizinnenhütte, the historic Lavaredo historic the Dreizinnenhütte, the to fire set gunfire well-aimed venge: defence works, the army built a little church dedicated to Our Lady of Succour (the Succour of Lady Our to dedicated church little a built army the works, defence old stone steps, we feel we are returning to the past, and when we look at what at look we when and past, the to returning are we feel we steps, stone old Toblin (Tobligerknoten, 2,617 n) and Alpe Mattina (Morgenalpe). They moved quick- moved They (Morgenalpe). Mattina Alpe and n) 2,617 (Tobligerknoten, Toblin

rack building was destroyed with all its symbols. Then the Italians took their re- their took Italians the Then symbols. its all with destroyed was building rack In 1916, to give themselves spiritual help while manning this complex system of system complex this manning while help spiritual themselves give to 1916, In by the tragic events of 25 May, during the second day of war. As we go down the down go we As war. of day second the during May, 25 of events tragic the by m), Cima Undici (Elfer, 3,092 m), Popera (Hochbrunnerschneide, 3,046 m), Torre di Torre m), 3,046 (Hochbrunnerschneide, Popera m), 3,092 (Elfer, Undici Cima m),

Alfarè I. Alfarè I.

and infantrymen. and Regiment cantonment. Regiment

Alpine Regiment troops Regiment Alpine 7th Bersaglieri 7th

Longéres pass. Longéres Longéres pass. Longéres plateau.

the Lavaredo plateau. Lavaredo the Rovereto 25/70. The 25/70. Rovereto Museum 197/86. The 197/86. Museum track on the Lavaredo the on track

Angel of the Fallen on Fallen the of Angel Historical War Museum, War Historical Rovereto Historical War Historical Rovereto View of the mule- the of View