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Improving Special Education in New York City's District 75

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Improving Special Education in New York City's District 75 IMPROVING SPECIAL EDUCATION IN NEW YORK CITY’S DISTRICT 75 Report of the Strategic Support Team Of the Council of the Great City Schools Submitted to the New York City Department of Education By the Council of the Great City Schools June 2008 Improving Special Education in New York City’s District 75 Table of Contents Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 5 Purpose and Origin of the Project................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: Overview and Background............................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2: Findings and Recommendations ................................................................................. 18 A. Organizational Structure and Operations........................................................................ 18 B. Referral of Students to District 75.................................................................................. 34 C. Teaching and Learning in District 75 Schools............................................................... 41 D. Accountability................................................................................................................. 53 Chapter 3: Summary of Recommendations .................................................................................. 60 Chapter 4. Synopsis and Discussion ............................................................................................. 63 Appendices A. Statistical Tables ..................................................................................................................... 66 B. Individuals Interviewed........................................................................................................... 82 C. Documents Reviewed.............................................................................................................. 85 D. Site Visit Meeting Schedules .................................................................................................. 88 E. Strategic Support Team ........................................................................................................... 90 F. About the Council of the Great City Schools .......................................................................... 94 Council of the Great City Schools 2 Improving Special Education in New York City’s District 75 Exhibits 1. Organizational Schema of New York City Public Schools ....................................................... 9 2. Number and Percentage of Students with Disabilities by Service Location ........................... 10 3. Rank Order of Average NAEP Reading Scale Scores of Fourth-Grade Students with Disabilities in New York, Compared with Other Major Cities, 2007 .......................................... 11 4. Rank Order of Average NAEP Reading Scale Scores of Eighth-Grade Students with Disabilities in New York, Compared with Other Major Cities, 2007 .......................................... 12 5. Rank Order of Average NAEP Math Scale Scores of Fourth-Grade Students with Disabilities in New York, Compared with Other Major Cities, 2007.............................................................. 12 6. Rank Order of Average NAEP Math Scale Scores of Eighth-Grade Students with Disabilities in New York, Compared with Other Major Cities, 2007.............................................................. 13 7. Percent of District 75 Students Scoring at Various Performance Levels on Standardized Assessments, 2007 ........................................................................................................................ 16 8. NY State Performance Plan for 2006-2007 Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) Data for Students with Disabilities 6-21 Years of Age............................................................................... 25 9. Number of Periods per Week District 75 that Students in Specialized Classes in Co-located Buildings Interact with Community School Peers........................................................................ 25 10. Percentage of New York City Public School Students with Autism, Emotional Disabilities, Mental Retardation, and Multiple Disabilities Attending District 75 Schools ............................ 35 11. District 75 Staff Members....................................................................................................... 41 12. Comparison of Number of Staff to Number of Students with Disabilities............................. 48 13. Public School Related Services .............................................................................................. 49 14. Summary of District 75 Budget by Function, FY 2008.......................................................... 51 Tables in Appendix A Table 1. Comparison of Schools and Locations by Borough ...................................................... 66 Table 2. Disability Incidence Rates by Borough ......................................................................... 66 Table 3. Distribution of District 75 Students by Grade Cluster and Borough............................. 66 Table 4. NYC, State, and U.S. Incidence Rates by Disability..................................................... 67 Table 5. Number and Percentage of Students by Disability Area and Service Type .................. 67 Council of the Great City Schools 3 Improving Special Education in New York City’s District 75 Table 6. Comparison of District 75 and Community Schools Risk Ratios for Students with Autism, Emotional Disabilities, Mental Retardation, and Multiple Disabilities by Race and Ethnicity........................................................................................................................................ 68 Table 7. Comparison of Community Schools and District 75 for Students with Emotional Disabilities and Mental Retardation by Borough.......................................................................... 68 Table 8. Comparison of Community Schools and District 75 for Students with Autism by Borough......................................................................................................................................... 68 Table 9. Comparison of District 75 Students Taking a Standardized or Alternate Assessment.. 69 Table 10. District 75 Students by Type of Assessment (Change Over Time)............................. 69 Table 11. Comparison of Alternate Assessment Rates by Borough............................................ 69 Table 12. Comparison of Diplomas Earned in FYs 2006 and 2007 ............................................ 70 Table 13. Comparison of Graduate Outcomes for FYs 2006 and 2007....................................... 70 Table 14. Comparison of Suspension Data by Fiscal Year ......................................................... 70 Table 15. Comparison of Staff Over Time .................................................................................. 71 Table 16. Comparison of District 75/Community School Students by Race/Ethnicity and by Borough and Citywide .................................................................................................................. 72 Table 17. Comparison of Staffing Ratios for Special Educators, Para-educators, Speech/Language Pathologists, Psychologists, and Social Workers, 2005-2006......................... 74 Table 18. Percent of District 75 Students Scoring at Various Performance Levels on Standardized Assessments by School, 2007 ................................................................................. 77 Table 19. Benchmark Age Enrollment (Standard vs. Alternative Assessment)........................... 80 Table 20. Enrollment (Standard vs. Alternative Assessment) ...................................................... 81 Council of the Great City Schools 4 Improving Special Education in New York City’s District 75 Acknowledgements The Council of the Great City Schools thanks the many individuals who contributed to this review of the New York City Department of Education’s District 75. The efforts and commitment of those participating in the project were critical to our ability to present the department with the best possible proposals. First, we thank Chancellor Klein and Deputy Chancellor Lyles. They were clear from the beginning that they wanted a fresh and unbiased look at District 75. It took courage to take this step, given the controversy and passion that often surrounds this special structure within the school system. And it takes a special brand of courage to ask us to review these operations, because many of our reports can be critical and tough. These two leaders, however, have courage in abundance and a deep commitment to meeting the special needs of students with disabilities. Second, we thank the staff members of the Department of Education and District 75 for all their assistance on this project. In particular, we thank Dr. Bonnie Brown, Superintendent of District 75; Mr. Gary Hecht, Deputy Superintendent; and Linda Wernikoff, Executive Director of the Office of Special Education Initiatives. They provided all the time, documents, and data we needed to do our work. In addition, we thank Lisa Dare, Chief Operating Officer of the Teaching and Learning division, and Thomas Huser, the division’s Director of Strategic Communications for the many hours they spent coordinating focus groups meetings, finding and submitting documents, answering
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