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Historic Districts For
historic districts for all Brochure designed for local authorities September 2007 a social and human approach for sustainable revitalization sustainable for approach human and social a THE CHALLENGE FOR HISTORIC DISTRICTS TODAY For over a decade, the Social and Human Sciences Sector of UNESCO has been tasked Historic districts symbolize the cities: they forge the cultural identity and quality « with studying cities as « Arenas of accelerated social transformations ». During the of urban life; they direct the modern development of the area. In many cities, Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements, which took place in Istanbul the revitalization of these districts meets with highly positive and encouraging in 1996 (HABITAT II), a Round Table was organized by UNESCO on « Democracy and results. citizenship in the city of the twenty-first century ». Since then, under the MOST Programme, several international comparative research projects have drawn attention to the different It is possible to conciliate conservation and protection of urban heritage, economic components of inclusive cities in the world. Projects such as « Small historical coastal cities », development, functionality and liveability of a city, and respond to the needs of its « Old Beijing », « Rehabilitation of Quito’s historic centre » and « Social sustainability of inhabitants while enhancing in a sustainable way the natural and cultural resources historic districts » have been carried out in cooperation with all UNESCO Sectors. of the city. From « HABITAT II » in 1996 to the international seminar UNESCO organized in Beijing in January 2007 on « balanced urbanization between social cohesion, economic development and heritage conservation », major indicators and parameters for strengthening social cohesion in historic districts have been identified by the Social and Human Sciences Sector Revitalization means reaching a satisfactory balance of UNESCO. -
2017 Census of Governments, State Descriptions: School District Governments and Public School Systems
NCES 2019 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Education Demographic and Geographic Estimates (EDGE) Program 2017 Census of Governments, State Descriptions: School District Governments and Public School Systems Education Demographic and Geographic Estimates (EDGE) Program 2017 Census of Governments, State Descriptions: School District Governments and Public School Systems JUNE 2019 Doug Geverdt National Center for Education Statistics U.S. Department of Education ii U.S. Department of Education Betsy DeVos Secretary Institute of Education Sciences Mark Schneider Director National Center for Education Statistics James L. Woodworth Commissioner Administrative Data Division Ross Santy Associate Commissioner The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and review and report on education activities in foreign countries. NCES activities are designed to address high-priority education data needs; provide consistent, reliable, complete, and accurate indicators of education status and trends; and report timely, useful, and high-quality data to the U.S. Department of Education, Congress, states, other education policymakers, practitioners, data users, and the general public. Unless specifically noted, all information contained herein is in the public domain. We strive to make our products available in a variety of formats and in language that is appropriate to a variety of audiences. -
New York City Council Districts and Asian Communities (2018)
New York City Council Districts and Asian Communities (2018) 25, which includes Jackson Heights, Queens; District 38 encompassing Sunset Park, Brooklyn; and As our City Council starts this new term with 11 Introduction District 24, which include parts of Jamaica, Queens. new members and 40 returning members, the Asian American Federation has compiled data from Almost three in four Asian New Yorkers are the 2015 American Community Survey (ACS) on the immigrants. Overall, 26 percent of all immigrants Asian populations for each of the City Council citywide are Asians. Council District 20 has the Districts.1 We will highlight the growth in each highest percent of Asian immigrants among all district’s Asian population and highlight the Asian immigrant populations, accounting for 79 percent languages most commonly spoken in each district. of all immigrants in the district. District 1 has the second largest Asian immigrant population, with 66 percent of all immigrants, followed by District 23 at 60 percent; District 19 at 54 percent; District 38 at The Asian population continues to be the fastest Overall Asian Population 51 percent; and District 43 at 48 percent. growing major race and ethnic group in New York City. According to the most recent Census Bureau As Asian immigrants and their families become population estimates, the Asian population in New more established, they have become a growing part York City reached 1.23 million in 2015, accounting of the potential voter base, comprising 11 percent for nearly 15 percent of the city’s population. of the total voting-age citizen population in New York City. -
Paris Resilience Strategy
Paris Resilience Strategy FLUCTUAT NEC MERGITUR Front page : Bernard Pedretti/ Mairie de Paris Anne Hidalgo, Mayor of Paris “Fluctuat nec Mergitur”, which translates to “Beaten by the waves but not sunk”, proudly announces our motto. Made official in 1853 by the Baron Haussmann, it had been used by Parisians since the 16th century. Its origins lie in the river’s history, dating back to antiquity! Urban resilience is therefore not a new trend: it is an integral part of urban discourse. The concept was, however, somewhat forgotten at the end of the 20th century, as our societies were convinced that technical solutions would be able to overcome the risks faced by our cities. Today we are confronted with new and great challenges, which affect current and future generations. Climate change, air pollution, growing inequalities, terror threats, persistent water insecurity, the migrant crisis – all these challenges bring cities to the front line. DR/Mairie de Paris Far from inducing anxiety, urban resilience offers solutions to better prepare and adapt cities, their populations, businesses and infrastructures to these I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the challenges. It also provides opportunities to create institutional, business, academic and associated new activities and jobs while improving citizens’ partners, as well as to the municipal teams, for their quality of life. contribution to this very ambitious work, which has only just begun. I also warmly thank Michael Governance, which is our ability to organise ourselves Berkowitz and 100 Resilient Cities – Pioneered by collectively with all stakeholders and to create new the Rockefeller Foundation (100RC), who have partnerships, particularly beyond the municipality, is enlightened, guided and supported us in this key to the resilience of Paris. -
Urban Planning Approaches in Divided Cities
ITU A|Z • Vol 13 No 1 • March 2016 • 139-156 Urban planning approaches in divided cities Gizem CANER1, Fulin BÖLEN2 1 [email protected] • Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 [email protected] • Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Received: April 2014 • Final Acceptance: December 2015 Abstract This paper provides a comparative analysis of planning approaches in divided cities in order to investigate the role of planning in alleviating or exacerbating urban division in these societies. It analyses four urban areas—Berlin, Beirut, Belfast, Jerusalem—either of which has experienced or still experiences extreme divisions related to nationality, ethnicity, religion, and/or culture. Each case study is investigated in terms of planning approaches before division and after reunifi- cation (if applicable). The relation between division and planning is reciprocal: planning effects, and is effected by urban division. Therefore, it is generally assumed that traditional planning approaches are insufficient and that the recognized engagement meth- ods of planners in the planning process are ineffective to overcome the problems posed by divided cities. Theoretically, a variety of urban scholars have proposed different perspectives on this challenge. In analysing the role of planning in di- vided cities, both the role of planners, and planning interventions are evaluated within the light of related literature. The case studies indicate that even though different planning approaches have different consequences on the ground, there is a universal trend in harmony with the rest of the world in reshaping these cities. -
The Functions of a Capital City: Williamsburg and Its "Public Times," 1699-1765
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1980 The functions of a capital city: Williamsburg and its "Public Times," 1699-1765 Mary S. Hoffschwelle College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Hoffschwelle, Mary S., "The functions of a capital city: Williamsburg and its "Public Times," 1699-1765" (1980). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625107. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-ja0j-0893 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE FUNCTIONS OF A CAPITAL CITY: »» WILLIAMSBURG AND ITS "PUBLICK T I M E S 1699-1765 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Mary S„ Hoffschwelle 1980 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Mary S. Hoffschwelle Approved, August 1980 i / S A /] KdJL, C.£PC„ Kevin Kelly Q TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ........................... ................... iv CHAPTER I. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ........................... 2 CHAPTER II. THE URBAN IMPULSE IN COLONIAL VIRGINIA AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION ........................... 14 CHAPTER III. THE CAPITAL ACQUIRES A LIFE OF ITS OWN: PUBLIC TIMES ................... -
FC-Micronesia.Pdf
The Federated States of Micronesia DIRK ANTHONY BALLENDORF 1 history and development of federalism Micronesia is a collection of island groups in the Pacific Ocean comprised of four major clusters: the Marianas, Carolines, Marshalls, and Gilberts (now known as Kiribati). The Federated States of Micronesia (fsm) is part of the Caroline island archipelago. The fsm consists of the island groups of Chuuk (formerly Truk), Yap, Pohnpei (formerly Ponape) and Kosrae – it is thus a subset of Micronesia writ large. The total land area of the fsm is approximately 700 km, but the islands are spread over 2.5 million km. It has a population of approximately 108,000 people. The history of Micronesia is one of almost continuous exploitation since Ferdinand Magellan first landed briefly in Guam in 1521. Four successive colonial administrations – Spanish, 1521 to 1898; German, 1899 to 1914; Japanese, 1914 to 1944; and American, 1944 to indepen- dence in 1986 – have controlled the many small islands of Micronesia. In 1947, the United States was assigned administration of Microne- sia under a United Nations Trusteeship Agreement. Like previous co- lonial administrations, the American administration was centralized, with Saipan in the northern Marianas as the capital. The Micronesian peoples were divided into six separate administrative districts: Mari- anas, Yap, Palau, Truk (now Chuuk), Ponape (now Pohnpei), and the Marshalls, and they remained largely self-sufficient and isolated from the rest of the world. In 1977, a seventh district, Kosrae, was created from a division of the Ponape district. 217 Federated States of Micronesia Minimal attention was paid by both the United States and the United Nations to US obligations under the un Charter until a un mission to the area during the Kennedy administration drew attention to an extensive list of local complaints. -
Geographical Characteristics of the State
Geographical Characteristics of the State The Cultural Mosaic Fellman, and Notes from D.J. Zeigler of Old Dominion Vocab Review • State • Sovereignty • Nation • Nation-state • Binational or Multinational • Stateless Nation • Nationalism Territoriality • The modern state is an example of a common human tendency: the need to belong to a larger group that controls its own piece of the earth, its own territory. • This is called territoriality: a cultural strategy that uses power to control area and communicate that control, subjugating inhabitants and acquiring resources. Shapes of States • Compact States – Efficient – Theoretically round – Capital in center – Shortest possible boundaries to defend – Improved communications – Ex. Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Poland, Uraguay Shapes of States • Prorupted States – w./large projecting extension – Sometimes natural – Sometimes to gain a resource or advantage, such as to reach water, create a buffer zone – Ex. Thailand, Myanmar, Namibia, Mozambique, Cameroon, Congo Shapes of States • Elongated States – States that are long and narrow – Suffer from poor internal communication – Capital may be isolated – Ex. Chile, Norway, Vietnam, Italy, Gambia Shapes of States • Fragmented States – Several discontinuous pieces of territory – Technically, all states w/off shore islands – Two kinds: separated by water & separated by an intervening state – Exclave – – Ex. Indonesia, USA, Russia, Philippines Shapes of States • Perforated States – A country that completely surrounds another state – Enclave – the surrounded territory – Ex. Lesotho/South Africa, San Marino & Vatican City/Italy Enclaves and exclaves • An enclave is an area surrounded by a country but not ruled by it. – It can be self-governing or an exclave of another country. Example-- Lesotho – Can be problematic for the surrounding country. -
Improving Special Education in New York City's District 75
IMPROVING SPECIAL EDUCATION IN NEW YORK CITY’S DISTRICT 75 Report of the Strategic Support Team Of the Council of the Great City Schools Submitted to the New York City Department of Education By the Council of the Great City Schools June 2008 Improving Special Education in New York City’s District 75 Table of Contents Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 5 Purpose and Origin of the Project................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: Overview and Background............................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2: Findings and Recommendations ................................................................................. 18 A. Organizational Structure and Operations........................................................................ 18 B. Referral of Students to District 75.................................................................................. 34 C. Teaching and Learning in District 75 Schools............................................................... 41 D. Accountability................................................................................................................. 53 Chapter 3: Summary of Recommendations .................................................................................. 60 Chapter 4. Synopsis and Discussion ............................................................................................ -
The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices Haiting Zhang
Loyola University Chicago International Law Review Volume 9 Article 3 Issue 2 Spring/Summer 2012 2012 The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices Haiting Zhang Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Haiting Zhang The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices, 9 Loy. U. Chi. Int'l L. Rev. 249 (2012). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr/vol9/iss2/3 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago International Law Review by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE LAWS ON THE ETHNIC MINORITY AUTONOMous REGIONS IN CHINA: LEGAL NoRMS AND PRACTICES Haiting Zhang t I. Introduction... ............................ 249 II. Regulated Autonomous Powers of the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions.................................. 251 A. Autonomous Legislation Powers ....................... 252 B. Special Personnel Arrangements ....................... 252 C. Other Autonomous Powers .......................... 253 III. Problems in the Operation of the Regional Ethnic Autonomous System: The Gap Between Law and Practice ................. 254 A. Local Governmental Nature of the Autonomous Agencies ... 254 B. The Tale of Regional Autonomy Regulations: Insufficient Exercise of the Autonomous Legislation Power ............ 255 C. Behind the Personnel Arrangement: Party Politics and the Ethnic Minority Regional Autonomy ................... 257 D. The Vulnerable Autonomy............................ 259 E. The Economic Gap and the Natural Resource Exploitation Issue .......................................... 260 IV. Seeking Legal Guarantees: Improving the Exercise of the Autonomous Powers.......................................... -
CONDOMINIUM HOUSING in ETHIOPIA: the Integrated Housing Development Programme
SUMMARY Since 2005 Ethiopia has been implementing an ambitious government-led low- and middle- income housing programme: The Integrated Housing Development Programme (IHDP) which aims to construct 400,000 housing units, create 200,000 jobs, promote the development of 10,000 micro- and small- enterprises, and enhance the capacity of the construction sector. This authoritative book documents the genesis of the programme and the country’s experience since its inception. As it is intended for policy makers, public sector officials, and urban and housing practitioners, it logically outlines the design of this programme and its effect on the multiple dimensions of housing. Through documenting the Ethiopian experience other developing countries with housing shortages and who face rapid urbanization and population growth can adapt and apply this logic to their own housing systems. In light of Ethiopia’s previously uncoordinated and inefficient housing sector, the Integrated Housing Development Programme has proved to be a highly successful tool for affordable housing delivery at a large scale. Importantly, the programme is not only a housing programme but a wealth generation programme for low-income households. Its success lies in its integrated nature - understanding housing as part of an integrated social, economic, and political system - which has the opportunity to greatly improve the living conditions and economic capacity of all sectors of society. CONDOMINIUM HOUSING IN ETHIOPIA: The Integrated Housing Development Programme United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, KENYA Tel: +254 20 762 3120 European Commission Website: www.unhabitat.org Series Summary: Housing Practices: country experiences of designing and implementing affordable housing programmes Housing Practices is an ongoing series that documents the experiences of countries who are implementing large-scale affordable housing programmes. -
Borough, City & District Council Contact Details
Borough, City & District Council contact details Gloucester City Council Gloucester City Council can be contacted via e-mail at [email protected], by telephone on 01452 396396, or you can make a complaint via their online feedback form at Gloucester City Council online feedback form. Postal Address: Gloucester City Council Herbert Warehouse The Docks Gloucester GL1 2EQ Cheltenham Borough Council Cheltenham Borough Council can be contacted via e-mail at [email protected], by telephone on 01242 262626, or you can make a complaint via their online feedback form at Cheltenham Borough Council online feedback form. Postal Address: Cheltenham Borough Council Municipal Offices Promenade Cheltenham GL50 9SA Cotswold District Council Cotswold District Council can be contacted via e-mail at [email protected], by telephone on 01285 623000, or you can make a complaint via their online feedback form at Cotswold District Council online feedback form. Postal Address: Cotswold District Council Trinity Road Cirencester GL7 1PX Forest of Dean District Council Forest of Dean District Council can be contacted via e-mail at [email protected], by telephone on 01594 810000, or you can make a complaint via their online feedback form at Forest of Dean District Council online feedback form. Postal Address: Forest of Dean District Council Council Offices High Street Coleford GL16 8HG Stroud District Council Stroud District Council can be contacted via e-mail at [email protected], by telephone on 01453 766321, or you can make a complaint via their online feedback form at Stroud District Council online feedback form.