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Medication Title of Article PubMed Link Intralesional 5-fluorouracil, lidocaine and epinephrine mixture for the treatment of verrucae: a prospective placebo-controlled, single-blind http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15196161 5-FLUOROURACIL randomized study. Treatment of warts with topical pyruvic acid: with and without added 5- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9878984 5-FLUOROURACIL fluorouracil. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19706088 5-FLUOROURACIL 5% 5-Fluorouracil cream for treatment of verruca vulgaris in children. 5-FLUOROURACIL Topical treatments for cutaneous warts. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22972052 Treatment of common warts with an intralesional mixture of 5- fluorouracil, lidocaine, and epinephrine: a prospective placebo- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18261100 5-FLUOROURACIL controlled, double-blind randomized trial. Topical 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of plantar warts: a http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16703777 5-FLUOROURACIL prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical study. Topical 5-fluorouracil has no additional benefit in treating common warts with cryotherapy: a single-centre, double-blind, randomized, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16681586 5-FLUOROURACIL placebo-controlled trial. Therapeutic evaluation of intralesional 5% 5-fluorouracil in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15187327 5-FLUOROURACIL condyloma acuminata. Management of intravaginal warts in women with 5-fluorouracil (1%) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10872909 5-FLUOROURACIL in vaginal hydrophilic gel: a placebo-controlled double-blind study. Relationship of genital wart burden to therapeutic response to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9310224 5-FLUOROURACIL fluorouracil/epinephrine injectable gel. Treatment of extensive vulvar condylomata acuminata with topical 5- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2371597 5-FLUOROURACIL fluorouracil. [Adjuvant 5-fluorouracil lacquer administration for reducing the rate of recurrence of condylomata acuminata following laser surgery http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2741263 5-FLUOROURACIL treatment]. A comparison of a 5% potassium hydroxide solution with a 5- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25039244 fluorouracil and salicylic acid combination in the treatment of patients 5-FLUOROURACIL with anogenital warts: a randomized, open-label clinical trial. Long-term Efficacy of Topical Fluorouracil Cream, 5%, for Treating http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25950503 5-FLUOROURACIL Actinic Keratosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial Medication Title of Article PubMed Link A prospective randomized exploratory study comparing the efficacy of once-daily topical 0.5% 5-fluorouracil in combination with 10.0% http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25257941 salicylic acid (5-FU/SA) vs. cryosurgery for the treatment of 5-FLUOROURACIL hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis Optimized permeation enhancer for topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26697777 5-FLUOROURACIL loaded elastic liposome using Design Expert: part II A Controlled Comparison Study of Topical Fluourouracil 5% Cream Pre-Treatment of Aminolevulinic Acid/Photodynamic Therapy for http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580872 5-FLUOROURACIL Actinic Keratosis Evaluation of the therapeutic results of actinic keratosis treated with topical 5% fluorouracil by reflectance confocal laser microscopy: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131881 5-FLUOROURACIL preliminary study 5- L-methylfolate as adjunctive therapy for SSRI-resistant major METHYLTETRAHYD depression: results of two randomized, double-blind, parallel- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23212058 ROFOLATE sequential trials. Comparative assessment of adherence measures and resource use 5- in SSRI/SNRI-treated patients with depression using second- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24372461 METHYLTETRAHYD generation antipsychotics or L-methylfolate as adjunctive therapy. ROFOLATE 5- METHYLTETRAHYD Oral 5'-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in senile organic mental disorders http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8257478 ROFOLATE with depression: results of a double-blind multicenter study Supplementation with B vitamins or n-3 fatty acids and depressive 5- symptoms in cardiovascular disease survivors: ancillary findings from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22648722 METHYLTETRAHYD the SUpplementation with FOLate, vitamins B-6 and B-12 and/or ROFOLATE OMega-3 fatty acids (SU.FOL.OM3) randomized trial. 5- Effects of prenatal fish-oil and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate METHYLTETRAHYD supplementation on cognitive development of children at 6.5 y of http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21849596 ROFOLATE age. 5- METHYLTETRAHYD Effect of B-vitamins and n-3 PUFA supplementation for 5 years on http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801476 ROFOLATE blood pressure in patients with CVD. Medication Title of Article PubMed Link Cognitive function after supplementation with B vitamins and long- 5- chain omega-3 fatty acids: ancillary findings from the SU.FOL.OM3 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21593490 METHYLTETRAHYD randomized trial. ROFOLATE 5- METHYLTETRAHYD Effects of B vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids on cardiovascular http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21115589 ROFOLATE diseases: a randomised placebo controlled trial. 5- METHYLTETRAHYD 5-methyltetrahydrofolate administration is associated with prolonged http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18587236 ROFOLATE survival and reduced inflammation in ESRD patients. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate rapidly improves endothelial function and 5- decreases superoxide production in human vessels: effects on http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16940192 METHYLTETRAHYD vascular tetrahydrobiopterin availability and endothelial nitric oxide ROFOLATE synthase coupling. 5- METHYLTETRAHYD Acute effects of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate on endothelial function and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19748251 ROFOLATE asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with chronic heart failure. 5- METHYLTETRAHYD Improvement of endothelial function in uraemic patients on peritoneal http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17595187 ROFOLATE dialysis: a possible role for 5-MTHF administration. 5- METHYLTETRAHYD 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the active form of folic acid, restores http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9462523 ROFOLATE endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia. 5- METHYLTETRAHYD Determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in cerebrospinal fluid of http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16624264 ROFOLATE paediatric patients: reference values for a paediatric population. 5- METHYLTETRAHYD Effect of serum folate status on total folate and 5- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23676422 ROFOLATE methyltetrahydrofolate in human skin. 5- METHYLTETRAHYD Association between low red blood cell 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430668 ROFOLATE hyperhomocysteinaemia with hypertension : a cross-sectional study. 5- METHYLTETRAHYD High-dose short-term folate administration modifies ambulatory blood http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19603054 ROFOLATE pressure in postmenopausal women. A placebo-controlled study. Medication Title of Article PubMed Link 5- METHYLTETRAHYD Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 T allele protects against http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222012 ROFOLATE persistent HBV infection in West Africa. 5- The folic acid metabolite L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate effectively METHYLTETRAHYD reduces total serum homocysteine level in orthotopic liver transplant http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17522618 ROFOLATE recipients: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. 5- Effect of homocysteine lowering by 5-methyltetrahydrofolate on redox METHYLTETRAHYD status in hyperhomocysteinemia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680068 ROFOLATE 6-THIOGUANINE https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=3272126 Treatment of psoriasis with 6-thioguanine. 6-THIOGUANINE https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=8113459 6-Thioguanine treatment of psoriasis: experience in 81 patients. 6-Thioguanine therapy for psoriasis causing toxic hepatic 6-THIOGUANINE https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=8496447 venoocclusive disease. Clinical clearing of psoriasis by 6-thioguanine correlates with https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=1060605 6-THIOGUANINE cutaneous T-cell depletion via apoptosis: evidence for selective 5 effects on activated T lymphocytes. 6-thioguanine in the treatment of psoriasis: a case report and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=1200100 6-THIOGUANINE literature review. [Review] [18 refs] 5 Treatment of psoriasis with 6-thioguanine and hepatic venoocclusive https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=1245139 6-THIOGUANINE disease. 6 Reactivation of cutaneous psoriasis during abatacept therapy for https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=2103664 ABATACEPT spondyloarthropathy. 8 Therapeutic hotline. Abatacept: our experience of use in two patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=2141061 ABATACEPT with refractory psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. 9 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=2201706 ABATACEPT Abatacept-induced psoriasis. 2 ABATACEPT, Letter: A case of generalized guttate psoriasis induced by etanercept https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=2169669 ETANERCEPT with relapse after abatacept. 1 A novel topical agent in the treatment of seborrheic keratoses: A https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28796288 ACETIC ACID proof of concept study by clinical and dermoscopic evaluation. Medication Title of Article PubMed Link Efficacy of Trichloro-Acetic Acid Peel Alone Versus Combined https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27504543
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    Perspective Analysis of licensed over-the-counter (OTC) antibiotics in the European Union and Norway, 2012 L Both 1 , R Botgros 2 , M Cavaleri 2 1. Public Health England (PHE), London, United Kingdom 2. Anti-infectives and Vaccines Office, European Medicines Agency (EMA), London, United Kingdom Correspondence: Marco Cavaleri ([email protected]) Citation style for this article: Both L, Botgros R, Cavaleri M. Analysis of licensed over-the-counter (OTC) antibiotics in the European Union and Norway, 2012. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(34):pii=30002. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.34.30002 Article submitted on 16 September 2014 / accepted on 09 February 2015 / published on 27 August 2015 Antimicrobial resistance is recognised as a growing throughout the EU; however, there are still consider- problem that seriously threatens public health and able differences in Europe due to the different health- requires prompt action. Concerns have therefore been care structures and policies (including the extent of raised about the potential harmful effects of making pharmacist supervision for OTC medicines), reimburse- antibiotics available without prescription. Because of ment policies, and cultural differences of each Member the very serious concerns regarding further spread of State. Therefore, the availability of OTC medicines var- resistance, the over-the-counter (OTC) availability of ies in the EU and products sold as POM in certain coun- antibiotics was analysed here. Topical and systemic tries can be obtained as OTC medicines in others. OTC antibiotics and their indications were determined across 26 European Union (EU) countries and Norway As risk minimisation is an important criterion for some by means of a European survey.
  • EAR, NOSE and OROPHARYNX Updated: October 2020

    EAR, NOSE and OROPHARYNX Updated: October 2020

    Derbyshire Medicines Management, Prescribing and Guidelines DERBYSHIRE PRIMARY CARE FORMULARY CHAPTER 12: EAR, NOSE AND OROPHARYNX Updated: October 2020 The following prescribing guidelines are relevant to the ENT chapter and can be found here: • Allergic Rhinitis in adults and adolescents over 12 years of age • Management of chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps 12.1 DRUGS ACTING ON THE EAR 12.1.1 Otitis externa Investigation is not routinely recommended for the initial diagnosis of otitis externa. Group Drug Astringent/acidic Acetic acid 2% ear spray preparations Self-care: patients are advised to purchase this over the counter Gentamicin 0.3% ear/eye drops* Antibiotic preparations Ciprofloxacin 2mg/ml ear drops 0.25ml unit dose PF Betnesol-N ear/eye/ nose drops* Combined corticosteroid (Betamethasone 0.1% & neomycin 0.5%) and aminoglycoside Otomize ear spray* antibiotic preparations (Dexamethasone 0.1%, neomycin 0.5% & acetic acid 2%) Corticosteroid Prednisolone 0.5% ear/eye drops Lower potency preparations Betamethasone 0.1% ear/eye/ nose drops Higher potency Antifungal preparations Clotrimazole 1% solution 20ml (with dropper) * In view of reports of ototoxicity, manufacturers contra-indicate treatment with topical aminoglycosides in patients with a perforated tympanic membrane (eardrum) or patent grommet. 1. The following are GREY, not for first line empirical use, and should only be used when sensitivity is confirmed through swab results- • Hydrocortisone acetate 1%/gentamicin 0.3% ear drops • Flumetasone pivalate 0.02%/clioquinol 1% ear drops 2. How should I treat acute diffuse otitis externa? (CKS) • Remove or treat any precipitating or aggravating factors. • Prescribe or recommend a simple analgesic for symptomatic relief.