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Southern California Floods of January, 1916

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Southern California Floods of January, 1916 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water-supply Paper 426 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FLOODS OF JANUARY, 1916 BY H. D. McGLASHAN AND F. C. EBERT Prepared in cooperation with the STATE OF CALIFORNIA WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1918 ADDITIONAL COPIKS OF THIS PUBLICATION MAT BE PBOCTTEED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 15 CKNTS PEE COPY V CONTENTS, Page. Introduction................................................................ 7 Acknowledgments........................................................ 8 Precipitation............................................................. 10 Storms of January, 1916................................................ 10 Rainfall in earlier years................................................ 17 Intensity and distribution of rainfall.................................... 20 Flood of January, 1916..................................................... 22 Crest discharge....................................................... 22 Condition of reservoirs during flood...................................... 24 Morena reservoir................................................... 24 Lower Otay reservoir ............................................. 25 Sweetwater reservoir.............................................. 26 Cuyamaca reservoir............................................... 26 Damage due to flood................................................... 27 Loss of life....................................................... 27 Agricultural lands................................................. 28 Municipal property............................................... 28 Water supply...................................................... 29 Power plants...................................................... 30 Railroads.......................................................... 31 Highways and bridges............................................. 32 Telegraph and telephone lines.............................:....... 33 Miscellaneous damages............................................ 34 Comparison of flood of 1916 with previous floods in southern California...... 35 Basis of comparison.............................................:. 35 Tia Juana River.................................................. 36 Sweetwater River................................................. 36 San Diego River.................................................. 37 San Luis Rey River................................................ 38 Temecula Creek................................................... 39 Los Angeles and San Gabriel rivers.................................. 40 Flood run-off in January, 1916............................................. 40 Collection of records................................................. 40 Tia Juana River basin.................................................. 41 General features................................................... 41 Cottonwood Creek at Morena reservoir, Cal........................... 42 Otay River basin........ ............................................... 43 General features................................................... 43 Otay River at Lower Otay reservoir, near Otay, Cal.................. 44 Jamul Creek near Otay, Cal-....................................... 45 Sweetwater River basin................................................. 45 General features. ................................................... 45 Sweetwater River near Descanso, Cal.................................. 46 Sweetwater River near Dehesa, Cal................................ 47 Sweetwater River at Rudolph ranch, near Dehesa, Cal.............. 47 Sweetwater River near Jamacho, Cal................................ 48 Sweetwatear River at Sweetwater dam, Cal.......................... * 48 3 4 CONTENTS. Flood run-off in January, 1916 Continued. Page. San Diego River basin................................................ 49 General features................................................... 49 San Diego River at diverting dam near Lakeside, Cal................ 50 San Diego River at Capitan Grande dam site, near Lakeside, Cal....... 52 San Diego River near Santee, Cal................................... 52 San Diego River at San Diego, Cal.................................. 53 Boulder Creek at Cuyamaca reservoir, near Julian, Cal..............¥. 54 San Vicente Creek at Foster, Cal.................................... 55 Switzer Canyon at San Diego, Cal..................................... 56 San Dieguito River basin.............................................. 56 General features..............................................^.... 56 Santa Ysabel Creek near Mesa Grande, Cal.........'................. 56 Santa Ysabel Creek near Ramona, Cal............................... 57 San Dieguito River near Bernardo, Cal.............................. 58 . Santa Maria Creek near Ramona, Cal............................... 59 San LuisRey River basin.............................................. 61 General features................................................... 61 San Luis Rey River near Mesa Grande, Cal......................... 61 San Luis Rey River near Nellie, Cal................................ 62 San Luis Rey River near Pala, Cal.................................. 63 San Luis Rey River at Pala, Cal.................................... 64 San Luis Rey River at Bonsall, Cal................................. 64 San Luis Rey River at Oceanside, Cal.............................. 65 Moosa Canyon Creek near Bonsall, Cal............................... 66 Santa Ana River basin................................................ 67 General features................................................... 67 SantaAnaRivernearMentone, Cal......-.--...-....-..--...-..-... 68 Santa Ana River at San Bernardino, Cal. ............................ 68 Lytle Creek at San Bernardino, Cal................................. 69 San Jacinto River near San Jacinto, Cal......'...................... 70 San Jacinto'River near Elsinore, Cal................................ 70 History of Elsinore Lake.......................................... 71 Elsinore Lake at Elsinore, Cal...................................... 72 Squth Fork df San Jacinto River at Hemet reservoir, near San Jacinto, Cal.............................................................. 72 San Gabriel River basin................................................ 73 General features................................................... 73 San Gabriel River near Azusa, Cal................................. 74 Los Angeles River basin............................................... 75 General features................................................... 75 Los Angeles River at Los Angeles, Cal.............................. -75 Arroyo Seconear Pasadena, Cal..................................... 76 Arroyo Seco at Los Angeles, Cal..................................... 77 Santa Clara River basin............................................... 77 General features................................................... 77 Sespe Creek near Sespe, Cal........................................ 77 Index.................................................................... 79 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. PLATE I. Map showing precipitation and gaging stations in San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Los Angeles counties........ In pocket. II. A, View up Lower Otay reservoir after failure of dam; B, View down­ stream at site of Lower Otay dam, after failure.................. 24 III. A, Sweetwater dam after flood of January, 1916; B, Break at right end of Sweetwater dam after flood of January, 1916-............. 25 IV. A, View up Mission Valley, San Luis Rey River, in 1915; B, View up Mission Valley, San Luis Rey River, February 21, 1916....... 28 V. A, View across Mission Valley, San Luis Rey River, at D. Jones's ranch after flood of January, 1916; B, View up San Luis Rey River at junction with Moosa Canyon Creek after flood of January, 1916.. 29 VI. A, Winston ranch, Mission Valley, San Luis Rey River, February 21, 1916; B, Canfield ranch, near Bonsall, San Luis Rey River, February?!, 1916.............................................. :30 VII-. A, San Diego River at San Diego after flood of January, 1916, show­ ing damage to county and Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway bridges; B, Santa Margarita River near mouth after flood of Janu­ ary, 1916, showing damage to State highway and Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway bridges..................................... 31 VIII. A, View up San Luis Rey River from mouth after flood of January, 1916, showing damage to Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway and State highway bridges; B, De"bris on beach at Oceanside and delta built up by San Luis Rey River after flood of January, 1916.. " 32 IX. A, Highway bridge across San Luis Rey River at Pala before flood of January, 1916; B, Wreck of highway bridge across San Luis Rey River at Pala after flood of January, 1916........................ 33 X. A, View downstream on Sweetwater River near Descanso after flood of January, 1916; B, View upstream on Jamul Creek near Otay after flood of January, 1916..................................... 46 XI. A, View upstream showing Capitan Grande dam site on San Diego River after flood of January, 1916; B, View upstream on San Vicente Creek at Foster after flood of January, 1916.............. 47 XII. A, View up San Diego River at Mission dam, nearSantee, after flood of January, 1916; B, View up
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