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American Bolsheviki: the Beginnings of the First Red Scare, 1917 to 1918
Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal Volume 3 Issue 2 Article 4 2019 American Bolsheviki: The Beginnings of the First Red Scare, 1917 to 1918 Jonathan Dunning Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/steeplechase Part of the European History Commons, Other History Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Dunning, Jonathan (2019) "American Bolsheviki: The Beginnings of the First Red Scare, 1917 to 1918," Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal: Vol. 3 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/steeplechase/vol3/iss2/4 This Feature is brought to you for free and open access by the The Office of Research and Creative Activity at Murray State's Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal by an authorized editor of Murray State's Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. American Bolsheviki: The Beginnings of the First Red Scare, 1917 to 1918 Abstract A consensus has developed among historians that widespread panic consumed the American public and government as many came to fear a Bolshevik coup of the United States government and the undermining of the American way of life beginning in early 1919. Known as the First Red Scare, this period became one of the most well-known episodes of American fear of Communism in US history. With this focus on the events of 1919 to 1920, however, historians of the First Red Scare have often ignored the initial American reaction to the October Revolution in late 1917 and throughout 1918. -
Letters from the First World War, 1915 Training
Letters from the First World War, 1915 Training Letters from the First World War, 1915 These are some of the many letters sent by staff of the Great Western These are some of the many letters sent by staff of the Great Western Railway Audit office at Paddington who had enlisted to fight in the First World War. Here you will find all the letters and transcripts from this collection that relate to the soldiers' experience of training in England before they were sent abroad. 1915, Training: Contents Training: ‘do you like the photo?’ .............................................................................................. 2 Training: ‘drill before breakfast’ ................................................................................................. 3 Training: ‘no signs of moving’ ..................................................................................................... 6 Training: ‘We are now fully equipped’ ..................................................................................... 7 1 http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/ Letters from the First World War, 1915 Training Training: ‘do you like the photo?’ Harold George Giles, 17 May 1915, Churn Camp, Oxford, England. Born: 18 May 1898, Joined GWR: 7 August 1912, Joined up for service: 19 March 1915, Regiment: Royal Bucks Hussars, Regiment number:2125; 205745, Rank: Private, Retired: Resigned from Audit office on 9 May 1920 Transcript Dear Mr Jones Just a line to let you know that I’m still alive and am moving to King’s Lynn on Wednesday next. Will write you later. How do you like the photo? Best regards to the office. From, H. Giles 2 http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/ Letters from the First World War, 1915 Training Training: ‘drill before breakfast’ Arthur Smith, 4 April 1915, France. Born: 8 March 1895, Regiment: Railway Troop, Royal Engineers, Regiment number: 87760, Rank: Lance Corporal Transcript Dear Sir, I have now been out in France a fortnight. -
Revolution in Real Time: the Russian Provisional Government, 1917
ODUMUNC 2020 Crisis Brief Revolution in Real Time: The Russian Provisional Government, 1917 ODU Model United Nations Society Introduction seventy-four years later. The legacy of the Russian Revolution continues to be keenly felt The Russian Revolution began on 8 March 1917 to this day. with a series of public protests in Petrograd, then the Winter Capital of Russia. These protests But could it have gone differently? Historians lasted for eight days and eventually resulted in emphasize the contingency of events. Although the collapse of the Russian monarchy, the rule of history often seems inventible afterwards, it Tsar Nicholas II. The number of killed and always was anything but certain. Changes in injured in clashes with the police and policy choices, in the outcome of events, government troops in the initial uprising in different players and different accidents, lead to Petrograd is estimated around 1,300 people. surprising outcomes. Something like the Russian Revolution was extremely likely in 1917—the The collapse of the Romanov dynasty ushered a Romanov Dynasty was unable to cope with the tumultuous and violent series of events, enormous stresses facing the country—but the culminating in the Bolshevik Party’s seizure of revolution itself could have ended very control in November 1917 and creation of the differently. Soviet Union. The revolution saw some of the most dramatic and dangerous political events the Major questions surround the Provisional world has ever known. It would affect much Government that struggled to manage the chaos more than Russia and the ethnic republics Russia after the Tsar’s abdication. -
Gallipoli Campaign
tHe GaLlIpOlI CaMpAiGn The Gallipoli Campaign was an attack on the Gallipoli peninsula during World War I, between 25 April 1915 and 9 January 1916. The Gallipoli peninsula was an important tactical position during World War I. The British War Council suggested that Germany could be defeated by attacks on her allies, Austria, Hungary and Turkey. The Allied forces of the British Empire (including Australia and New Zealand) aimed to force a passage through the Dardanelles Strait and capture the Turkish capital, Constantinople. At dawn on 25 April 1915, Anzac assault troops landed north of Gaba Tepe, at what became known as Anzac Cove, while the British forces landed at Cape Helles on the Gallipoli Peninsula. The campaign was a brave but costly failure. By December 1915 plans were drawn up to evacuate the entire force from Gallipoli. On 19 and 20 December, the evacuation of over 142,000 men from Anzac Cove commenced and was completed three weeks later with minimal casualties. In total, the whole Gallipoli campaign caused 26,111 Australian casualties, including 8,141 deaths. Since 1916 the anniversary of the landings on 25 April has been commemorated as Anzac Day, becoming one of the most important national celebrations in Australia and New Zealand. tHe GaLlIpOlI CaMpAiGn The Gallipoli Campaign was an attack on the Gallipoli peninsula during World War I, between 25 April 1915 and 9 January 1916. The Gallipoli peninsula was an important tactical position during World War I. The British War Council suggested that Germany could be defeated by attacks on her allies, Austria, Hungary and Turkey. -
THE WRITINGS of BRITISH CONSCRIPT SOLDIERS, 1916-1918 Ilana Ruth Bet-El Submitted for the Degree of Ph
EXPERIENCE INTO IDENTITY: THE WRITINGS OF BRITISH CONSCRIPT SOLDIERS, 1916-1918 Ilana Ruth Bet-El Submitted for the degree of PhD University College London AB STRACT Between January 1916 and March 1919 2,504,183 men were conscripted into the British army -- representing as such over half the wartime enlistments. Yet to date, the conscripts and their contribution to the Great War have not been acknowledged or studied. This is mainly due to the image of the war in England, which is focused upon the heroic plight of the volunteer soldiers on the Western Front. Historiography, literary studies and popular culture all evoke this image, which is based largely upon the volumes of poems and memoirs written by young volunteer officers, of middle and upper class background, such as Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon. But the British wartime army was not a society of poets and authors who knew how to distil experience into words; nor, as mentioned, were all the soldiers volunteers. This dissertation therefore attempts to explore the cultural identity of this unknown population through a collection of diaries, letters and unpublished accounts of some conscripts; and to do so with the aid of a novel methodological approach. In Part I the concept of this research is explained, as a qualitative examination of all the chosen writings, with emphasis upon eliciting the attitudes of the writers to the factual events they recount. Each text -- e.g. letter or diary -- was read literally, and also in light of the entire collection, thus allowing for the emergence of personal and collective narratives concurrently. -
Chapter 23: War and Revolution, 1914-1919
The Twentieth- Century Crisis 1914–1945 The eriod in Perspective The period between 1914 and 1945 was one of the most destructive in the history of humankind. As many as 60 million people died as a result of World Wars I and II, the global conflicts that began and ended this era. As World War I was followed by revolutions, the Great Depression, totalitarian regimes, and the horrors of World War II, it appeared to many that European civilization had become a nightmare. By 1945, the era of European domination over world affairs had been severely shaken. With the decline of Western power, a new era of world history was about to begin. Primary Sources Library See pages 998–999 for primary source readings to accompany Unit 5. ᮡ Gate, Dachau Memorial Use The World History Primary Source Document Library CD-ROM to find additional primary sources about The Twentieth-Century Crisis. ᮣ Former Russian pris- oners of war honor the American troops who freed them. 710 “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” —Winston Churchill International ➊ ➋ Peacekeeping Until the 1900s, with the exception of the Seven Years’ War, never ➌ in history had there been a conflict that literally spanned the globe. The twentieth century witnessed two world wars and numerous regional conflicts. As the scope of war grew, so did international commitment to collective security, where a group of nations join together to promote peace and protect human life. 1914–1918 1919 1939–1945 World War I League of Nations World War II is fought created to prevent wars is fought ➊ Europe The League of Nations At the end of World War I, the victorious nations set up a “general associa- tion of nations” called the League of Nations, which would settle interna- tional disputes and avoid war. -
The London Gazette, 5 February, 1915
1252 THE LONDON GAZETTE, 5 FEBRUARY, 1915. on the 29th day of October, 1910), are, on or before died in or about the month of September, 1913), are, the 10th day of March, 1915, to send by post, pre- on or before the 9th day of March, 1915, to send by- paid, to Mr. William Edward Farr, a member of the post, prepaid;, to° Mr. H. A. "Carter, of the firm, of firm of Messrs. Booth, Wade, Farr and Lomas- Messrs. Eallowes and Carter, of 39, Bedford-row, Walker, of Leeds, the Solicitors of the defendant, London, W.C., the Solicitor of ,the defendant, Charles Mary Matilda Ingham (the wife of Henry Ingham), Daniel William Edward Brown, the executor of the the administratrix of the estate of the said Eli deceased, their Christian and surname, addresses and Dalton, deceased, their Christian and surnames, descriptions, the full parfcieuJars of their claims, a addresses and descriptions1, the full particulars of statement of (their accounts, and the mature of the their claims, a statement of their accounts, and the securities (if any) held by them, or in default thereof nature of the securities (if any) -held by them, or in they will be peremptorily excluded from it-he* benefit of default thereof they will be peremptorily excluded the said order. Every creditor holding any security is from the benefit of the said judgment. Every credi- to produce the same at the Chambers of the said tor holding any security is to produce the same at Judge, Room No. 696, Royal 'Courts of Justice, the Chambers of Mr. -
TIMELINE of EVENTS March 1917 Tsar Nicholas Abdicates and The
TIMELINE OF EVENTS March 1917 Tsar Nicholas abdicates and the Provisional Government takes over supported by the Soviet. It now has to deal with all the problems which led to the downfall of the Tsar – the war, food shortages and peasant demands for land…. April 16th 1917 Lenin arrives in Russia. He makes a speech demanding an end to the war with Germany, land for the peasants and nationalisation of banks. He insists that no support be given to the Provisional Government – instead the Soviets (there are Soviets in other cities) should get together and form a new government. These ideas became known as the April Theses. June 1917 The Provisional Government orders the armies to attack Austria. This fails and turns into a retreat. Soldiers began to desert in large numbers. Many go to Petrograd and join the Bolsheviks demanding an end to the Provisional Government July 1917 100000 soldiers and Bolsheviks are out in the streets demanding ‘All power to the Soviets’. These three days of rioting in Petrograd are known as the July Days. Kerensky sends loyal troops into the city to deal with the uprising. He claims the Bolsheviks have been paid by Germany to make trouble and Lenin is a German agent. Lenin has to leave Russia to avoid arrest and goes to Finland. Other leading Bolsheviks are arrested. The Bolsheviks have become unpopular and weak. August 1917 Kerensky become leader of the Provisional Government. He has to deal with a challenge from General Kornilov, Commander in Chief of the army who wants to take control. -
The War and Fashion
F a s h i o n , S o c i e t y , a n d t h e First World War i ii Fashion, Society, and the First World War International Perspectives E d i t e d b y M a u d e B a s s - K r u e g e r , H a y l e y E d w a r d s - D u j a r d i n , a n d S o p h i e K u r k d j i a n iii BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK 1385 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, USA 29 Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2021 Selection, editorial matter, Introduction © Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, and Sophie Kurkdjian, 2021 Individual chapters © their Authors, 2021 Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, and Sophie Kurkdjian have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as Editors of this work. For legal purposes the Acknowledgments on p. xiii constitute an extension of this copyright page. Cover design by Adriana Brioso Cover image: Two women wearing a Poiret military coat, c.1915. Postcard from authors’ personal collection. This work is published subject to a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives Licence. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third- party websites referred to or in this book. -
A Most Thankless Job: Augustine Birrell As Irish
A MOST THANKLESS JOB: AUGUSTINE BIRRELL AS IRISH CHIEF SECRETARY, 1907-1916 A Dissertation by KEVIN JOSEPH MCGLONE Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, R. J. Q. Adams Committee Members, David Hudson Adam Seipp Brian Rouleau Peter Hugill Head of Department, David Vaught December 2016 Major Subject: History Copyright 2016 Kevin McGlone ABSTRACT Augustine Birrell was a man who held dear the classical liberal principles of representative democracy, political freedom and civil liberties. During his time as Irish Chief Secretary from 1907-1916, he fostered a friendly working relationship with the leaders of the Irish Party, whom he believed would be the men to lead the country once it was conferred with the responsibility of self-government. Hundreds of years of religious and political strife between Ireland’s Nationalist and Unionist communities meant that Birrell, like his predecessors, took administrative charge of a deeply polarized country. His friendship with Irish Party leader John Redmond quickly alienated him from the Irish Unionist community, which was adamantly opposed to a Dublin parliament under Nationalist control. Augustine Birrell’s legacy has been both tarnished and neglected because of the watershed Easter Rising of 1916, which shifted the focus of the historiography of the period towards militant nationalism at the expense of constitutional politics. Although Birrell’s flaws as Irish Chief Secretary have been well-documented, this paper helps to rehabilitate his image by underscoring the importance of his economic, social and political reforms for a country he grew to love. -
11292 Supplement to the London Gazette, 13 November, 1915
11292 SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE, 13 NOVEMBER, 1915. The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Adrian S. Mackenzie. 16th December, Infantry. 1914. Andrew P. J. Melliss. 22nd September, Thomas Christie. 24th December, 1914. 1914. David D. Pratt. 24th December, 1914. John Bowman. 22nd September, 1914. Thomas Hutchison. 6th January, 1915. Cecil C. Statt. 22nd September, 1914. James Meikle. 9th January, 1915. Lyonel H. St. G. Farrer. 13th Novem- Neil Leitch. 22nd January, 1915. - ber, 1914. Alexander Frazer. 26th January, 1915. George G. Gray. 22nd December, 1914. David B. Patrick. 4th February, 1915. Clifford A. Clutsom. 22nd December, George W. C. Craik. llth February, 1914. 1915. Ernest W. Brooks. 22nd December, George M. Gordon. 3rd March", 1915. ' 1914. Joseph E. Sloan. 13th March, 1915. Cyril S. Benson. 22nd December, 1914. Alexander H. Tod. 19th March, 1915. Henry A. Beaver. 23rd December, 1914. Augustus W. Smith. 26th December, Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, The 1914. Duke of Albany's). Sydney E. Prodger. 14th January, 1915. Kenneth M. Douglas. 30th September, Ernest G. Barrell. 20th March, 1915. 1914. Lionel G. Lumsden. 12th October, 1914. Percy W. Straw. 24th October, 1914. The Northamptonshire Regiment. Frederick H. Harper. 4th November, Hugh le F. Shepherd. 19th March, 1915. 1914. Ernest K. Brydges. 2nd April, 1915. Peter R. G. Buchanan. 9th November, Albert F. J. Burnham. 3rd April, 1915. 1914. Charles F. D. H. Hawohorne. 3rd April, William J. Taylor. 13th November, 1915. 1914. Herbert N. Williamson. 5th April, Tom M. Darling. 14th November, 1915. 1914. James McKenzie. 27th November, 1914. Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Royal Berk- William M. -
The Utah National Guard's Role in the Punitive Expedition, 1916-1917
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Plan B and other Reports Graduate Studies 5-2012 Reinforcements on the Border: The Utah National Guard's Role in the Punitive Expedition, 1916-1917 Thomas Reese Dubach Jr. Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Dubach, Thomas Reese Jr., "Reinforcements on the Border: The Utah National Guard's Role in the Punitive Expedition, 1916-1917" (2012). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 137. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/137 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Plan B and other Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REINFORCEMENTS ON THE BORDER: THE UTAH NATIONAL GUARD’S ROLE IN THE PUNITIVE EXPEDITION, 1916-1917. by Thomas Reese Dubach Jr. A paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ____________________ ____________________ Lawrence Culver Chris Conte Major Professor Committee Member ____________________ Colleen O’Neill Committee Member UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2011 1 In June 2006, in a plan to mitigate illicit border crossings, President George W. Bush called the National Guard to the border to build a fence. Almost ninety years to the day earlier, President Woodrow Wilson mobilized the National Guard to the border to protect it from raiders and smugglers who were part of the Mexican Revolution. Most Utahns are aware that the Utah National Guard spent time on the border to construct the fence.