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United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922
Cover: During World War I, convoys carried almost two million men to Europe. In this 1920 oil painting “A Fast Convoy” by Burnell Poole, the destroyer USS Allen (DD-66) is shown escorting USS Leviathan (SP-1326). Throughout the course of the war, Leviathan transported more than 98,000 troops. Naval History and Heritage Command 1 United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922 Frank A. Blazich Jr., PhD Naval History and Heritage Command Introduction This document is intended to provide readers with a chronological progression of the activities of the United States Navy and its involvement with World War I as an outside observer, active participant, and victor engaged in the war’s lingering effects in the postwar period. The document is not a comprehensive timeline of every action, policy decision, or ship movement. What is provided is a glimpse into how the 20th century’s first global conflict influenced the Navy and its evolution throughout the conflict and the immediate aftermath. The source base is predominately composed of the published records of the Navy and the primary materials gathered under the supervision of Captain Dudley Knox in the Historical Section in the Office of Naval Records and Library. A thorough chronology remains to be written on the Navy’s actions in regard to World War I. The nationality of all vessels, unless otherwise listed, is the United States. All errors and omissions are solely those of the author. Table of Contents 1914..................................................................................................................................................1 -
Thon.Ppt.210129.007
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • THE STATE OF EUROPE IN DECEMBER OF 1916 IN A CONSTANT STATE OF FLUX, IN A CONSTANT STATE OF PERPETULANCE • Eastern front hammered in the Brusilov Offensive. • Allies able to push the Germans away from Verdun. • Americans funneling supplies to the Allies. • Italy has abandoned the Central Powers, joining the Allies. • Threat of American intervention leads to the suspension of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare. • Western Front has turned into a marginally defensive battle for the Germans. • U.S. advises Germans they will protect all American assets against Submarine Warfare. JAPAN’S OBLIGATIONS FULFILLED 23 AUGUST 1914 – 7 NOVEMBER 1914 • Japan was bound to aid Great Britain by a bilateral 1902 Treaty. • Immediately seized German holdings in the Pacific upon unanswered ultimatum. • After Germany was removed from the region, was withdrawn among the Allies. • Aided the Allies in the Siberian Expedition. The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in 1941. (27 years German front lines as seen at Qingdao ahead of evacuation in 1914. later) • Generally advertised pro-German news. • Eventual ambitions included a further inland push into China. • Japan’s disposition appeared to be shaky towards the Allies. • Germany sought to capitalize on this early. THE BRUSILOV OFFENSIVE 4 JUNE 1916 – 20 SEPTEMBER 1916 • Planned by Russian GEN Aleksei Brusilov • Designed to alleviate pressure from the Western Front. • Aimed with intent at severely eroding the Eastern Front. • The greatest feat of arms for the Russians during World War I. Russian cavalry charging on the front lines during the Map showing the Eastern front and position of Brusilov’s forces in May offensive. -
The London Gazette, 18 February, 1916. L815
THE LONDON GAZETTE, 18 FEBRUARY, 1916. L815 The undermentioned Lieutenants to be The undermentioned (Officers of the Captains: — Jamaica Contingent) to be temporary Lieu- Dated 24th January, 1916. tenants : — Raymond Stowers. Dated 7th January, 1916. Reginald O. Eades. Cyril Douglas Aubrey Robinson. Rudolph A. Peters, M.B. Frank Digby McKenzie MacPhail. Roy Sidney Martinez. Dated 10th February, 1916. Leonard Herbert Mackay. John A. Binning. Douglas Roy Ballard. Samuel Brown. Henry Fielding Donald. Kenneth Dunlop Andrews. Dated 14th February, 1916. Caryl Frederick Jacobs. James Melvin, M.B. Caryl Charles Barrett. John E. Rusby. The undermentioned (Officers of the Jamaica Contingent) to be temporary Second Lieutenants: — Dated 7th January, 1916. William Henry Kieffer. War Office, Eric Murcott Lord. 18th February, 1916. Aubrey Huntley Spyer. William Lindsay Phillips. REGULAR FORCES. John Arthur Vassall Thomson. Joseph Foley Hart. MACHINE GUN CORPS. Samuel McFarlane Foster Binns. Temporary Second Lieutenant Alfred G. Charles Howard Delgado. H. Chilvers, from The Prince of Wales's Henry Doyle O'Donnell. Own (West Yorkshire Regiment), to be tem- porary Second Lieutenant. Dated 4th Feb- Lieutenant John V. Kirkland (The West ruary, 1916. India Regiment) to be Adjutant. Dated 7th January, 1916. INFANTKY. Service Battalions. Second Reserve. The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regi- The Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire ment). Regiment). Major John C. Robertson relinquishes the Temporary Captain James E. Needham temporary rank of Lieutenant-Colonel on relinquishes his commission on account of ceasing to command a Battalion. Dated ill-health. Dated 19th February, 1916. 20th August, 1915. Temporary Lieutenant - Colone! Stamer The East Surrey Regiment. Gubbins to command a Battalion, vice J. -
The United States Home Front During World War I
The United States Home Front During World War I War bonds Elaborate propaganda campaigns were launched to encourage Americans to (1914-1918, page 1 of 2) buy Liberty Bonds. Zimmerman Telegram The home front of the United States in World War I saw a systematic A 1917 diplomatic proposal from Germany encouraging Mexico to declare war on mobilization of the entire population and the entire economy to produce the the US. soldiers, food supplies, munitions, and money needed to win the war. Germany anticipated their resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare Although the United States entered the war in 1917, there had been very early in 1917 would bring the neural US into the war, so the goal was to little planning, or even recognition of the problems that the British and have Mexico preoccupy the US on their continent. other Allies had to solve on their home fronts. Germany promised money and a military alliance with Mexico, and As a result, the level of confusion was high in the first 12 months, promised them a return of the territories of Texas, New Mexico and then efficiency took control. Arizona (which were lost from Mexico between 1836-1848). Germany had been attempting to get Mexico to attack the US Key Dates: since 1914, hoping that in doing so it would cease the Lend Lease 28 July 1914 World War I begins activities. 7 May 1915 The Lusitania is sunk The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence, January 1917 The Zimmerman Telegram reveled and the revelations of the contents outraged American public February 1917 Russian Revolution begins (leaves WWI in October) opinion and helped generate support for the US declaration of April 1917 US enters World War I war on Germany in April 1917 11 November 1918 World War I ends After contemplation, Mexico rejects the proposal. -
The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2Nd December 1917
Centre for First World War Studies A Moonlight Massacre: The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2nd December 1917 by Michael Stephen LoCicero Thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts & Law June 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The Third Battle of Ypres was officially terminated by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig with the opening of the Battle of Cambrai on 20 November 1917. Nevertheless, a comparatively unknown set-piece attack – the only large-scale night operation carried out on the Flanders front during the campaign – was launched twelve days later on 2 December. This thesis, a necessary corrective to published campaign narratives of what has become popularly known as „Passchendaele‟, examines the course of events from the mid-November decision to sanction further offensive activity in the vicinity of Passchendaele village to the barren operational outcome that forced British GHQ to halt the attack within ten hours of Zero. A litany of unfortunate decisions and circumstances contributed to the profitless result. -
“They Shall Not Pass!” Fortifications, from the Séré De Rivières System to the Maginot Line
VERDUN MEMORIAL - BATTLEFIELD Press release April 2021 Temporary exhibition 3 June 2021 – 17 December 2021 “THEY SHALL NOT PASS!” FORTIFICATIONS, FROM THE SÉRÉ DE RIVIÈRES SYSTEM TO THE MAGINOT LINE To accompany the 1940 commemorations, the Verdun Memorial will be presenting an exhibition on the fortifications in northern and eastern France. The soldiers’ experience is at the heart of the visit: “They shall not pass!” The exhibition traces the development of defensive systems along the frontier between France and Germany, which had historically always been an area of combat with shifting borders. Subject to regular attack, the fortifications were modernised to withstand the increasingly powerful means of destruction resulting from rapid advances in artillery. “They shall not pass!” Fortifications, from the Séré de Rivières System to the Maginot Line, will re-evaluate the role of the Maginot Line in the defeat of June 1940, re-examining the view that it was a mistake inevitably leading to defeat, in particular due to a lack of fighting spirit on the part of the French troops. The exhibition aims to explain the Maginot Line by going back in time and seeing it in relation to the different types of fortification that had appeared following France’s defeat in the Franco- Prussian War in 1870. It traces the development of successive defensive systems and the life of their garrisons, from the Séré de Rivières System of the end of the 19th century, via the Verdun fortification during the First World War, to the Maginot Line (1929-1939), the high point of French defensive engineering. -
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan. -
Proquest Dissertations
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. in the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, tfiese will be noted. Also, if unautfiorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at tfie upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI THE FRENCH EXPERIENCE OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA DURING THE GREAT WAR DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Joseph Allen Talbert, B A , M A ***** The Ohio State University 2000 Dissertation Committee: \ Approved by Professor John A M. -
World War I Timeline C
6.2.1 World War I Timeline c June 28, 1914 Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia are killed by Serbian nationalists. July 26, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia. Russia, an ally of Serbia, prepares to enter the war. July 29, 1914 Austria invades Serbia. August 1, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia. August 3, 1914 Germany declares war on France. August 4, 1914 German army invades neutral Belgium on its way to attack France. Great Britain declares war on Germany. As a colony of Britain, Canada is now at war. Prime Minister Robert Borden calls for a supreme national effort to support Britain, and offers assistance. Canadians rush to enlist in the military. August 6, 1914 Austria declares war on Russia. August 12, 1914 France and Britain declare war on Austria. October 1, 1914 The first Canadian troops leave to be trained in Britain. October – November 1914 First Battle of Ypres, France. Germany fails to reach the English Channel. 1914 – 1917 The two huge armies are deadlocked along a 600-mile front of Deadlock and growing trenches in Belgium and France. For four years, there is little change. death tolls Attack after attack fails to cross enemy lines, and the toll in human lives grows rapidly. Both sides seek help from other allies. By 1917, every continent and all the oceans of the world are involved in this war. February 1915 The first Canadian soldiers land in France to fight alongside British troops. April - May 1915 The Second Battle of Ypres. Germans use poison gas and break a hole through the long line of Allied trenches. -
Political, Diplomatic and Military Aspects of Romania's Participation in the First World War
Volume XXI 2018 ISSUE no.2 MBNA Publishing House Constanta 2018 SBNA PAPER OPEN ACCESS Political, diplomatic and military aspects of romania's participation in the first world war To cite this article: M. Zidaru, Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy, Vol. XXI 2018, pg. 202-212. Available online at www.anmb.ro ISSN: 2392-8956; ISSN-L: 1454-864X doi: 10.21279/1454-864X-18-I2-026 SBNA© 2018. This work is licensed under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 License Political, diplomatic and military aspects of romania's participation in the first world war M. Zidaru1 1Romanian Society of Historian. Constanta Branch Abstract: Although linked to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by a secret alliance treaty in 1883, Romania chose to declare itself neutral at the outbreak of hostilities in July 1914, relying on the interpretation of the "casus foederis" clauses. The army was in 1914 -1915 completely unprepared for such a war, public opinion, although pro-Entente in most of it, was not ready for this kind of war, and Ion I. C. Bratianu was convinced that he had to obtain a written assurance from the Russian Empire in view of his father's unpleasant experience from 1877-1878. This article analyze the political and military decisions after Romania entry in Great War. Although linked to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by a secret alliance treaty in 1883, Romania chose to declare itself neutral at the outbreak of hostilities in July 1914, relying on the interpretation of the "casus foederis" clauses. In the south, Romania has three major strategic interests in this region: - defense of the long Danubian border and the land border between the Danube and the Black Sea; - the keep open of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, through which 90% of the Romanian trade were made; - avoiding the isolation or political encirclement of Romania by keeping open the Thessaloniki-Nis- Danube communication, preventing its blocking as a result of local conflicts or taking over under strict control by one of the great powers in the region[1]. -
Remembering the First World War – 1916-17 in Context Two Years Ago We Were Commemorating the Centenary of the Start of the First World War
Remembering the First World War – 1916-17 in Context Two years ago we were commemorating the centenary of the start of the First World War. In two years time in 1918, we will be commemorating its end with the centenary of the signing of the armistice in Versailles on 11 November 1918 that officially ended that dreadful four year war. This year, 2016, we will be remembering key events from the British viewpoint in 1916 and their influence on developments in 1917. However, these should be set in the broader context of the wider war, which had quickly developed into a conflict between the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia and the central powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. The Military Alliances at the Start of WW1 – August 1914 Of course, things were not as clear cut as that. At the global level, Japan was an important ally of the Triple Entente throughout the war. Meanwhile in Europe, Italy changed sides in April 1915 and in June 1915 unsuccessfully attacked Austro- Hungary. By the end of August 1915, Russia had been forced out of most of Poland. After varying military successes during 1916, Russia was hit by political upheaval. In 1917 the February Revolution occurred, after which the Tsar Nicholas II abdicated. This was followed by the October Revolution when the Bolsheviks took power and signed an armistice with Germany in December 1917. In February 1915, Germany declared a submarine blockade of Great Britain and in May precipitated a diplomatic crisis with the USA by sinking the Lusitania off the coast of southern island with a loss of 1,198 lives, including 128 Americans. -
Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire | International Encyclopedia of The
Version 1.0 | Last updated 02 March 2021 Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire By Mathieu Panoryia Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire French general and statesman Born 14 January 1852 in Rivesaltes, France Died 03 January 1931 in Paris, France Joseph Joffre was commander-in-chief of the French army at the beginning of the First World War, which was supposed to be short. He fought to stop German progression and maintain the war effort in France over time. Despite being idolized by the people of France, he was removed from his positions at the end of 1916 due to a mixed record of success. Table of Contents 1 A colonial officer of the French Republic 2 At the head of the Army (1911-1916) 2.1 From preparations for war to practice 2.2 A global vision of the conflict 2.3 French dissensions 3 Disgrace or apotheosis? 4 Selected Archives: Selected Bibliography Citation A colonial officer of the French Republic Born in Rivesaltes, southern France, Joseph Joffre (1852-1931) entered the prestigious École Polytechnique in 1869, the youngest student of his year. In 1870, the Franco-Prussian War interrupted his classes and he was called to command an artillery battery in Paris. He was, however, never involved in action. A year later, he refused to take part in the Commune. After the second siege of Paris, he went back to his classes. He was a brilliant student and after graduating joined the Engineer Corps, where he became a specialist in fortifications and railways. He helped build several forts in mainland France, before applying his expertise, with great success, during the French colonial expeditions in Taïwan, Tonkin, Mali, and Madagascar.