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Modulation De La Manipulation Du Peuplier Par Le Puceron Lanigère, Phloeomyzus Passerinii (Sign .), Via La Résistance De L’Hôte Et L’Environnement

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Modulation De La Manipulation Du Peuplier Par Le Puceron Lanigère, Phloeomyzus Passerinii (Sign .), Via La Résistance De L’Hôte Et L’Environnement Modulation de la manipulation du peuplier par le puceron lanig`ere,Phloeomyzus passerinii (Sign.), via la r´esistance de l'h^oteet l'environnement France Dardeau To cite this version: France Dardeau. Modulation de la manipulation du peuplier par le puceron lanig`ere, Phloeomyzus passerinii (Sign.), via la r´esistancede l'h^oteet l'environnement. Sylviculture, foresterie. Universit´ed'Orl´eans,2014. Fran¸cais. <NNT : 2014ORLE2054>. <tel-01240284> HAL Id: tel-01240284 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01240284 Submitted on 9 Dec 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. UNIVERSITÉ D’ORLÉANS ÉCOLE DOCTORALE SANTE, SCIENCES BIOLOGIQUES ET CHIMIE DU VIVANT LABORATOIRE DE BIOLOGIE DES LIGNEUX ET DES GRANDES CULTURES THÈSE présentée par : France DARDEAU soutenue le : 8 décembre 2014 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’université d’Orléans Discipline/ Spécialité : Physiologie et Biologie des organismes, populations et interactions / Biologie Forestière Modulation de la manipulation du peuplier par le puceron lanigère, Phloeomyzus passerinii (Sign .), via la résistance de l’hôte et l’environnement THÈSE dirigée par : François LIEUTIER Professeur, Université d’Orléans Co-encadrée par : Aurélien SALLE Maître de Conférences, Université d’Orléans RAPPORTEURS : Paul-André CALATAYUD Chargé de Recherche, IRD / CNRS Anne-Marie CORTESERO Professeure, Université de Rennes 1 / INRA ____________________________________________________________________ JURY : Yvan RAHBE Président du jury, Directeur de Recherche, INRA de Lyon Paul-André CALATAYUD Chargé de Recherche, IRD / CNRS Anne-Marie CORTESERO Professeure, Université de Rennes 1 / INRA David GIRON Chargé de Recherche, Université François Rabelais / CNRS Marie-Odile JORDAN Chargée de Recherche, INRA d’Avignon François LIEUTIER Professeur, Université d’Orléans Aurélien SALLE Maître de Conférences, Université d’Orléans Steeve THANY Professeur, Université d’Orléans ~ 2 ~ - REMERCIEMENTS - Je remercie tout d’abord Paul-André CALATAYUD, Anne-Marie CORTESERO, Marie-Odile JORDAN, David GIRON, Yvan RAHBE et Steeve THANY d’avoir accepté de faire partie du jury qui a évalué mon travail de thèse. Merci d'avoir fait aboutir ces quelques années de travail en une journée de soutenance aussi enrichissante qu'agréable. Grâce à vos remarques et questions, j'ai pu non seulement améliorer ce pavé que vous vous êtes donné la peine d'éplucher, mais aussi de réaliser concrètement en quoi ces travaux ont apporté leur pierre à un édifice très prometteur. Ce serait un plaisir et un honneur de collaborer un jour avec vous pour vous rendre la pareille. Je remercie le Ministère de l’Alimentation, de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche pour le financement de mes expériences et déplacements pendant cette thèse. Je remercie le ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche pour la bourse ayant permis de financer 3 années de mon salaire. Merci à Franck BRIGNOLAS de m’avoir accueillie dans son laboratoire (nom de code LBLGC) pendant ces quelques années. Merci pour tes conseils et tes encouragements en amont de cette aventure, lorsqu’il s’agissait d’obtenir l’indispensable bourse ministérielle. Merci aussi pour les conseils en écophysio et pour avoir lancé la rénovation de l’open space où il fait désormais bon vivre. Merci à François LIEUTIER de m’avoir accueillie dans son équipe et d’avoir contribué à l’ obtention des fonds nécessaires à nos travaux de recherche et à leur diffusion de par le monde. Merci pour ton enthousiasme permanent, ton imagination prolifique et tes encouragements. Merci également pour tes précieux enseignements en écologie de façon générale, mais plus particulièrement sur les relations plantes-insectes. Tes cours étaient comme des récits d’aventure partout sur notre planète, donnant envie de sortir le nez dehors et de mieux comprendre les grands et minuscules phénomènes qui nous entourent. Un jour un vieux (si peu) sage m’a dit à propos du boulot : « il y a 24h dans une journée et 7 jours dans une semaine ». J’ajouterai juste que c’est plus facile à retenir qu’à appliquer, mais que tu es un bel exemple du credo qui dit que quand on aime on ne compte pas et de ce qu’on est capable de soulever comme montagne quand on a la p assion pour la recherche ! Mille milliards de Mercis (au moins) à toi, Aurélien SALLE, pour ta contribution à ces travaux de recherche, ta motivation infinie, ta patience à toutes épreuves, ta vivacité ~ 3 ~ d’esprit, tes connaissances, tes idées par milliers, tes pointes d’humour inattendues... Sans toi nous n’aurions peut -être pas vu aussi grand et cette thèse n’aurait pas été si riche en expériences. Merci de m’avoir pressée pour aller en Corée, ce pays génial du matin calme, pour un chef calme et génial du soir au matin, enfin presque… Tu as toujours été présent pour ma thèse quand j’en ai eu b esoin, que ce soit pour trancher sur la mise au point des expériences, pour mettre la main à la pâte dans les gros rushs, pour la formation en stats, pour la paperasse et surtout dans les relectures certainement pénibles d’une novice qui n’ose pas se lanc er dans la rédaction… Tu m’as dit un jour que « le thésard finit toujours par détester son chef », et bien c’est raté ! Bon ok je t’ai peut -être parfois un peu maudit quand la fatigue et/ou le stress se faisait sentir mais je ne pense pas t’avoir un jour h aï, car tu as trop fait pour moi pour mériter ça et je ne l’oublierai pas ! Bref, Merci de n’avoir jamais rien lâché pour que ces années soient les plus productives possibles, et Merci pour la liberté et la confiance que tu m’as accordées à bien des niveaux. Merci d’avoir quand même toujours gardé un œil sur mes avancées, éloignant ainsi certainement ce que certains considèrent comme la tristement célèbre « poisse du thésard ». Cette première thèse en tant que chef s’est à mon goût plutôt bien déroulée si o n fait la moyenne des hauts et des bas, et j’espère que c’est comme ça qu’en faisant le bilan dans quelques années tu t’en souviendras. Un Merci tout particulier à Elodie DEPROST, ma golden binôme chérie, sans qui je n’écrirais surement pas ces mots pou bien des raisons. Tout d’abord notre rencontre en première année de Licence a changé ma vie et rendu ces années d’étude si agréables que je n’ai pas pu m’arrêter… Merci pour tous les bons moments, toutes les fois où on se complétait à merveille, et tout sim plement pour ton amitié. Je n’oublie pas non plus le plan B avec les algues et les abeilles en Bretagne, one day maybe, qui sait !? Tu es une femme géniale que je respecte beaucoup et qui mérite d’être connue. En tout cas tu as tout à fait ta place dans ce mémoire car je te remercie d’avoir courageusement défriché la partie histo avant mon arrivée. Tu m’as fait gagner du temps dans la mise au point et j’ai pu le consacrer à d’autres choses et donc aller plus loin. Mercyyy Lodyyy ! Merci à tous ceux qui se sont directement impliqués dans ce travail de thèse, que ce soit pour un jour ou quelques mois. Rien ne vaut le travail d’équipe quand ça se passe en toute confiance, et là-dessus j’ai eu très souvent de la chance. Je vais tenter de n’oublier personne mai s j’espère que sinon ça passera inaperçu… Commençons par tous ceux qui sont passés dans notre équipe d’Entomologie Forestière et qui ont apporté leur pierre à l’édifice. Tout d’abord, Merci à Sophie POINTEAU pour avoir écrit ce qui aura été ma Bible avec toutes tes découvertes qui sont un peu les fondations de mes travaux. Merci de m’avoir fourni un tas d’outils pour mieux comprendre cette petite puceronne méconnue. Merci pour les bons moments aux journées du BAPOA et à Amiens, ton aide en EPG, ton côté simple et vrai souvent insoupçonné quand tu es la tête ~ 4 ~ dans le guidon au boulot mais qui m’aura bien fait rire. Merci à Jean-Claude VALA pour avoir fait entrer Phloeomyzus passerinii dans nos thématiques de recherche, pour tes cours sur le rhum qui mettent l’eau à la bouche et pour ton accent chaleureux qui donne envie de visiter la Guadeloupe. Merci à Stéphanie BANKHEAD pour ton entrain et toutes les informations que tu m’as transmises . Merci à Alexane BERTHIER avec qui j’ai passé beaucoup de temps dans la chaleur humide des serres et leur doux bruit permanent de ventilation. Ce n’était pas la manip la plus facile de ma thèse, autant au niveau organisation que physiquement. Tu as pourtant toujours été d’humeur é gale et agréable, consciencieuse, très vite autonome et je ne t’en remercierai jamais assez. J’ai cru bien des fois que je n’arriverais pas à gérer cette jungle de peupliers aux multiples besoins et toutes les mesures constantes, mais grâce à ton aide préc ieuse on s’en est sorti. Tu étais LA femme de la situation. Je te souhaite de trouver vite un boulot à la hauteur de ton mérite.
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