DOCSLIB.ORG

Fission Product Nuclear Data (Fpnd) Vol.I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fission Product Nuclear Data (Fpnd) Vol.I IAEA-169 v\ ic. ..t FISSION PRODUCT NUCLEAR DATA IFPND) VOL.I PROCEEDINGS OF A PANEL ON FISSION PRODUCT NUCLEAR DATA ORGANIZED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY AND HELD IN BOLOGNA, 26-30 NOVEMBER 1973 tfAr ~ A TECHNICAL REPORT PUBLISHED BY THE '^.k INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1974 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK The IAEA does not maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copies of these reports can be obtained from INIS Microfiche Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Kdrntner Ring 11 P.O. Box 590 A-1011 Vienna, Austria on prepayment of US S0.65 or against one IAEAmicrofiche service coupon. F R EWORD Recent reactor safety investigations have accentuated the importance of fission products and intensified the need for detailed studies of their nuclear properties. This led the IAEA, under the guidance of its International Nuclear Data Committee, to convene a Panel Meeting of specialists to review, for the first time, the requirements for fission product nuclear data (FPND) in the light of present knowledge. The size of the meeting which was attended by more than 60 participants from 17 Member States and three international organizations illustrated the importance and magnitude of national efforts spent on FPND research. Sixteen internationally coordinated review papers distributed to participants before the meeting covered all aspects of use, status and requirements of FPND. They formed the basis for stimulating discussions between users, measurers and evaluators of PPND and led to numerous recommendations regarding future FPND work. The proceedings of this panel are published in two parts. Part 1 consists of two volumes and contains all the review papers presented at the panel; the sequence of the paper numbers does not correspond to the sequence of their presentation (see panel programme). The historical development that led to the holding of this meeting and the scope of the panel are set out in detail in the "Introduction" (review paper no. la). A detailed summary of the panel's observations, conclusions and recommendations is given at the end of volume 2 and is followed by detailed tables in which required and achieved data accuracies are compared (Appendices A1-A5). Part 2 of the proceedings (volume 3) contains selected contributions to review papers. This part is being distributed only in a limited number of copies. The individual contributions are referred to at the end of review papers. The scientific secretaries wish to express their deep appreciation to the panel participants for their very efficient cooperation during the meeting as well as thereafter during the preparation of the proceedings. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BWR Boiling water reactor CCDN Centre de Compilation des Donnees Nucl6aires NDCC = Neutron Data Compilation Center (of NEA) EANDC = European-American Nuclear Data Committee FP = Fission Product FPD = Fission product nuclear data FRO = Swedish zero power fast reactor TGR = High temperature gas cooled reactor IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency INDC = International Nuclear Data Committee LMFBR Liquid Metal fast breeder reactor ND = Nuclear data NDS = Nuclear Data Section of the IAEA NEA Nuclear Energy Agency ORELA Oak Ridge linear accelerator PFR = Prototype fast reactor PWR m Pressurized water reactor RP Review paper EPI = Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute WRENDA World Request List for Neutron Data Measurements Panel on Fission Product Nuclear Data, Part 1: REVITEW PAPERS AND OBSERVATICNS, CCNCLUSICNS AND RECIOMMENDATIONS OF THE PANEL Table of uontents Volume 1: Panel Programme ..... 1 Review Paper No. 1 a . 5 Mo Lammer Introduction Review Paper No. 1 b . 9 S . Valente List of Compilations, Evaluations and Computer Codes of F.P.NoDO Review Paper No. 2 . 29 MIR. Iyer, D. N Sharma, A.Ko Ganuly Fission Product Nuclear Data (FPND)and Environmental Aspects of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Review Paper Noo 3 ... ... ... 51 J . G. Tyror The Importance of Fission Product Nuclear Data in the Physics Design of Power Reactor Cores Review Paper No. 4 . 83 G. Devillers Importance of Fission Product Nuclear Data. for Engineering Design and Operation of Reactors- Review Paper No. 5 ...... .. 163 W.Jo Maeck Fission Product Nuclear Data Requirements for the Determination of Nuclear Fuel Burnup Review Paper No. 6 ........ o o . .1 91 C. Weitkamp Importance of Fission Product Nuclear Data for Safeguards Techniques Review Paper No. 7 ... o. 213 E. Merz and M, Laser Importance of Fission Product Nuclear Data for Fuel Handling Review Paper No. 8 . o. 225 ½U.KoCo KUhn and EoG. Niemann Importance of Fission Product Nuclear Data (FPN D) in Life Sciences, Agrlculture and Industrial Technologies Review Paper Lo.0 9 .g . O O O O 231 E. Lo Alpen Use of Fission Product Nuclear Data in Life Sciences Review Paper No. 10 . 0O . 235 P. Ribon and Jo Krebs Status of Neutron Cross-Sections of Fission Product Nuclides Review Paper No0 lla o o O * o o0 0 o0 O 0. 285 VoH. Walker Status of Fission Product Yield Data for Thermal Reactors Review Paper Noo llb . o . 353 J.C- Cuninghame Review of Fission Product Yield Data for Fast Neutron Fission Volume 2: Review Paper No0 12 . o . Go Rudstam Status of Decay Data of Fission Products Review Paper No. 13 0 0 0 33 S. Amiel Status of Delayed Neutron Data Review Paper No. 14 0 0 0 0 0 53 ' MD Bustraan Integral Determination of Neutron Absorption by Fission Products 115 Review Paper No0 15 0 0 0 0 0 . Mo Lott Residual Power Due to Fission Products Review Paper Noo 16 . 163 Ao.R. de L.f.usgrove, J.Lo Cook, G.Do Trimble Prediction of Unmeasured Fission Product Yields Summary . .. .o 201 Observations, Conclusions and Recommendations of the Panel Appendix A 1 .. o .. 265 FP Chain yields; Comparison: Status - User Requirements Appendix A 2 . ..... .. 277 Independent and Cumulative Fission Yields; Comparison: Status - User Requirements Appendix A 3 .... a.. 297 FP Decay Data; Comparison: Status - User Requirements Appendix A 4 . 311 FP Neutron Reaction Cross Sections; Comparison: Status - User Requirements Appendix A 5 . .O 323 FP Decay Heat List of Subgroup Members . .O. a . 329 List of Participants -331 Note: Volume 3 of these Panel proceedings contains "Selected Contributions to Review Papers", as indicated at the end of each review paper. IAEA Panel on Fission Product Nuclear Data., Bologna, 26-30 November 1973 Scientific Secretaries: M. Lammer ) Nuclear Data Section J.Jo Schmidt) Div. of Research & Laboratories, IAEA PROGRAMME MONDAY, 26 NOVEMBER Morning Opening and Organization of the Panel Review 1 a M. Lammer Introductory talk IAEA Review 1 b S. Valente List of compilations, CCDN Saclay evaluations and computer codes of FPND (no oral presentation) SESSION I: FPND user needs in application fields Chairman: R.H. Flowers Review 3 J.G. Tyror Importance of FPND in the ARE Winfrith physics design of power reactor cores Discussion Review 4* C. Devillers Importance of FPND for CEN, Saclay engineering design and operation of reactors Report M.Ya. Kulakovsky USSR survey on topic of FEI, Obninsk review 4 Discussion Review 5 W.J. Maeck FPND requirements for Allied Chem. Corp. determination of nuclear fuel Idaho Falls burnup Discussion * Presented by M. Lott 1 Report R.E. Schenter Report on CSEWG Task Force on Hanford Engg. "Nuclear Data for Fission Development Lab. Product Decay Heat and Burnup Calculation" Discussion Afternoon Review 6 C. Weitkamp Importance of FPND for safe- KFK guards techniques Discussion Chairman: E. Merz Review 7 E. Merz Importance of FPND for fuel KFA Juelich handling Discussion Review 2 A.K. Ganguly FPND and environmental aspects BARC, Bombay of the nuclear fuel cycle Discussion TUESDAY, 27 NOVEMBER Morning SESSION I: (continued) Review 8 W.K.G. Kuehn Importance of FPND in life E.G. Niemann sciences, agriculture and Inst. f. Strahlen- industrial technologies botanik, Hannover Review 9 E.L. Alpen Use of FPND in life sciences Battelle Northwest Discussion General discussion on the international cooperation in the exchange and dissemination of FPND information. SESSION II: Status of fission product yield data, compilations and evaluations Chairman: W.J. Maeck Review 15 M. Lott Residual power due to fission CEN, Cadarache products Discussion 2 Review 16 A.R. de L. Musgrove Prediction of unmeasured fission J.L. Cook, G.D. Trimble product yields AAEC Lucas Heights Discussion Afternoon Review 1la W.H. Walker Status of fission product yield AECL, Chalk River data for thermal reactors Discussion Review llb J.G. Cuninghame Review of fission product yield AERE, Harwell data for fast neutron fission Report W.J. Maeck New measurements of fast fission yields Discussion Chairman: B.F. Rider Discussion Formation of subgroups and selection of chairmen, secretaries and members: Subgroup 1: Cumulative yields Subgroup 2: Independent yields Subgroup 3: Neutron cross-sections Subgroup 4: Decay data Subgroup 5: Delayed neutron data Subgroup 6: International cooperation in the exchange and dis- semination of FPND information. WEDNESDAY, 28 NOVEMBER Morning SESSION II continued Discussion on user needs versus data status: fission product yields Afternoon SESSION III: Status of fission product decay data and delayed neutron data Chairman: A.K. Ganguly Review 12 G. Rudstam Status of decay data of fission Studsvik products Discussion 3 Review 13 S. Amiel Status of delayed neutron data Soreq Nucl. Res. Centre Report B.P. Maksyutenko USSR activities in the field FEI, Obninsk of delayed neutron data Discussion Discussion on user needs versus data status: delayed neutron data THURSDAY, 29 NOVEMBER Morning SESSION III continued Discussion on user needs versus data status: decay data SESSION IV: Status of neutron reaction cross-sections of fission products Chairman: V. Benzi Review 10 P. Ribon Status of neutron reaction cross- CEN, Saclay sections of fission product nuclides Discussion Afternoon Review 14 Mo Bustraan Integral determination of Petten neutron absorption of fission products Discussion Report L.P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Radium What Is It? Radium Is a Radioactive Element That Occurs Naturally in Very Low Concentrations Symbol: Ra (About One Part Per Trillion) in the Earth’S Crust
    Human Health Fact Sheet ANL, October 2001 Radium What Is It? Radium is a radioactive element that occurs naturally in very low concentrations Symbol: Ra (about one part per trillion) in the earth’s crust. Radium in its pure form is a silvery-white heavy metal that oxidizes immediately upon exposure to air. Radium has a density about one- Atomic Number: 88 half that of lead and exists in nature mainly as radium-226, although several additional isotopes (protons in nucleus) are present. (Isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons in the nucleus but a different number of neutrons.) Radium was first discovered in 1898 by Marie Atomic Weight: 226 and Pierre Curie, and it served as the basis for identifying the activity of various radionuclides. (naturally occurring) One curie of activity equals the rate of radioactive decay of one gram (g) of radium-226. Of the 25 known isotopes of radium, only two – radium-226 and radium-228 – have half-lives greater than one year and are of concern for Department of Energy environmental Radioactive Properties of Key Radium Isotopes and Associated Radionuclides management sites. Natural Specific Radiation Energy (MeV) Radium-226 is a radioactive Abun- Decay Isotope Half-Life Activity decay product in the dance Mode Alpha Beta Gamma (Ci/g) uranium-238 decay series (%) (α) (β) (γ) and is the precursor of Ra-226 1,600 yr >99 1.0 α 4.8 0.0036 0.0067 radon-222. Radium-228 is a radioactive decay product Rn-222 3.8 days 160,000 α 5.5 < < in the thorium-232 decay Po-218 3.1 min 290 million α 6.0 < < series.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 2.Iii.1. Fissionable Isotopes1
    FISSIONABLE ISOTOPES Charles P. Blair Last revised: 2012 “While several isotopes are theoretically fissionable, RANNSAD defines fissionable isotopes as either uranium-233 or 235; plutonium 238, 239, 240, 241, or 242, or Americium-241. See, Ackerman, Asal, Bale, Blair and Rethemeyer, Anatomizing Radiological and Nuclear Non-State Adversaries: Identifying the Adversary, p. 99-101, footnote #10, TABLE 2.III.1. FISSIONABLE ISOTOPES1 Isotope Availability Possible Fission Bare Critical Weapon-types mass2 Uranium-233 MEDIUM: DOE reportedly stores Gun-type or implosion-type 15 kg more than one metric ton of U- 233.3 Uranium-235 HIGH: As of 2007, 1700 metric Gun-type or implosion-type 50 kg tons of HEU existed globally, in both civilian and military stocks.4 Plutonium- HIGH: A separated global stock of Implosion 10 kg 238 plutonium, both civilian and military, of over 500 tons.5 Implosion 10 kg Plutonium- Produced in military and civilian 239 reactor fuels. Typically, reactor Plutonium- grade plutonium (RGP) consists Implosion 40 kg 240 of roughly 60 percent plutonium- Plutonium- 239, 25 percent plutonium-240, Implosion 10-13 kg nine percent plutonium-241, five 241 percent plutonium-242 and one Plutonium- percent plutonium-2386 (these Implosion 89 -100 kg 242 percentages are influenced by how long the fuel is irradiated in the reactor).7 1 This table is drawn, in part, from Charles P. Blair, “Jihadists and Nuclear Weapons,” in Gary A. Ackerman and Jeremy Tamsett, ed., Jihadists and Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Growing Threat (New York: Taylor and Francis, 2009), pp. 196-197. See also, David Albright N 2 “Bare critical mass” refers to the absence of an initiator or a reflector.
    [Show full text]
  • FT/P3-20 Physics and Engineering Basis of Multi-Functional Compact Tokamak Reactor Concept R.M.O
    FT/P3-20 Physics and Engineering Basis of Multi-functional Compact Tokamak Reactor Concept R.M.O. Galvão1, G.O. Ludwig2, E. Del Bosco2, M.C.R. Andrade2, Jiangang Li3, Yuanxi Wan3 Yican Wu3, B. McNamara4, P. Edmonds, M. Gryaznevich5, R. Khairutdinov6, V. Lukash6, A. Danilov7, A. Dnestrovskij7 1CBPF/IFUSP, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2Associated Plasma Laboratory, National Space Research Institute, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, 3Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China, 4Leabrook Computing, Bournemouth, UK, 5EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, UK, 6TRINITI, Troitsk, RF, 7RRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, RF [email protected] Abstract An important milestone on the Fast Track path to Fusion Power is to demonstrate reliable commercial application of Fusion as soon as possible. Many applications of fusion, other than electricity production, have already been studied in some depth for ITER class facilities. We show that these applications might be usefully realized on a small scale, in a Multi-Functional Compact Tokamak Reactor based on a Spherical Tokamak with similar size, but higher fields and currents than the present experiments NSTX and MAST, where performance has already exceeded expectations. The small power outputs, 20-40MW, permit existing materials and technologies to be used. The analysis of the performance of the compact reactor is based on the solution of the global power balance using empirical scaling laws considering requirements for the minimum necessary fusion power (which is determined by the optimized efficiency of the blanket design), positive power gain and constraints on the wall load. In addition, ASTRA and DINA simulations have been performed for the range of the design parameters.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cyclotron Production and Cyclometalation Chemistry of 192-Ir
    The Cyclotron Production and Cyclometalation Chemistry of 192-Ir by Graeme Langille B.Sc., Simon Fraser University, 2012 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science c Graeme Langille 2014 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2014 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced without authorization under the conditions for "Fair Dealing". Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. APPROVAL Name: Graeme Langille Degree: Master of Science (Chemistry) Title: The Cyclotron Production and Cyclometalation Chemistry of 192-Ir Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Hua-Zhong Yu Professor Dr. Corina Andreoiu Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Dr. Paul Schaffer Co-Supervisor Adjunct Professor Dr. Tim Storr Supervisor Associate Professor Dr. Krzysztof Starosta Supervisor Associate Professor Dr. Robert Young Internal Examiner Professor Date Defended/Approved: December 11, 2014 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Abstract The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate the cyclotron production, radiochemical isola- tion, and cyclometalate chemistry of radio-iridium isotopes. In recent work, Luminescence Cell Imaging (LCI) has been combined with radioisotopes, leading to compounds that can be imaged with both optical microscopy and nuclear techniques. Radiometals excel in this multifunctional setting, providing ideal chemical and nuclear properties for luminescence, bi- ological targeting, nuclear diagnostics, and therapy. Iridium cyclometalate compounds have demonstrated potential in LCI with excellent photophysical properties. Independently, low specific activity 192Ir has been successfully applied in brachytherapy as a high-intensity β− emitter.
    [Show full text]
  • Circular of the Bureau of Standards No. 562: Bibliography of Research on Deuterium and Tritium Compounds 1945 and 1952
    NBS CIRCULAR 562 Bibliography of Research on Deuterium and Tritium Compounds 1945 to 1952 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS PERIODICALS OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS (Published monthly) The National Bureau of Standards is engaged in fundamental and applied research in physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering. Projects are conducted in fifteen fields: electricity and electronics, optics and metrology, heat and power, atomic and radiation physics, chemistry, mechanics, organic and fibrous materials, metallurgy, mineral products, building technology, applied mathematics, data process¬ ing systems, cryogenic engineering, radio propagation, and radio standards. The Bureau has custody of the national standards of measurement and conducts research leading to the improvement of scientific and engineering standards and of techniques and methods of measurement. Testing methods and in¬ struments are developed; physical constants and properties of materials are determined; and technical processes are investigated. Journal of Research The Journal presents research papers by authorities in the specialized fields of physics, mathematics, chemistry, and engineering. Complete details of the work are presented, including laboratory data, experimental procedures, and theoretical and mathematical analyses. Annual subscription: domestic, $4.00; 25 cents additional for foreign mailing. Technical News Bulletin Summaries of current research at the National Bureau of Standards are published each month in the Technical News Bulletin. The articles are brief, with emphasis on the results of research, chosen on the basis of their scientific or technologic importance. Lists of all Bureau publications during the preceding month are given, including Research Papers, Handbooks, Applied Mathematics Series, Building Mate¬ rials and Structures Reports, Miscellaneous Publications, and Circulars.
    [Show full text]
  • NUREG-1350, Vol. 31, Information
    NRC Figure 31. Moisture Density Guage Bioshield Gauge Surface Detectors Depth Radiation Source GLOSSARY 159 GLOSSARY Glossary (Abbreviations, Definitions, and Illustrations) Advanced reactors Reactors that differ from today’s reactors primarily by their use of inert gases, molten salt mixtures, or liquid metals to cool the reactor core. Advanced reactors can also consider fuel materials and designs that differ radically from today’s enriched-uranium dioxide pellets within zirconium cladding. Agreement State A U.S. State that has signed an agreement with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) authorizing the State to regulate certain uses of radioactive materials within the State. Atomic energy The energy that is released through a nuclear reaction or radioactive decay process. One kind of nuclear reaction is fission, which occurs in a nuclear reactor and releases energy, usually in the form of heat and radiation. In a nuclear power plant, this heat is used to boil water to produce steam that can be used to drive large turbines. The turbines drive generators to produce electrical power. NUCLEUS FRAGMENT Nuclear Reaction NUCLEUS NEW NEUTRON NEUTRON Background radiation The natural radiation that is always present in the environment. It includes cosmic radiation that comes from the sun and stars, terrestrial radiation that comes from the Earth, and internal radiation that exists in all living things and enters organisms by ingestion or inhalation. The typical average individual exposure in the United States from natural background sources is about 310 millirem (3.1 millisievert) per year. 160 8 GLOSSARY 8 Boiling-water reactor (BWR) A nuclear reactor in which water is boiled using heat released from fission.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Cosmic-Rays in Detecting Illicit Nuclear Materials
    The use of Cosmic-Rays in Detecting Illicit Nuclear Materials Timothy Benjamin Blackwell Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sheffield This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 05/05/2015 Declaration I hereby declare that except where specific reference is made to the work of others, the contents of this dissertation are original and have not been submitted in whole or in part for consideration for any other degree or qualification in this, or any other Univer- sity. This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration, except where specifically indicated in the text. Timothy Benjamin Blackwell 05/05/2015 Acknowledgements This thesis could not have been completed without the tremendous support of many people. Firstly I would like to express special appreciation and thanks to my academic supervisor, Dr Vitaly A. Kudryavtsev for his expertise, understanding and encourage- ment. I have enjoyed our many discussions concerning my research topic throughout the PhD journey. I would also like to thank my viva examiners, Professor Lee Thomp- son and Dr Chris Steer, for the time you have taken out of your schedules, so that I may take this next step in my career. Thanks must also be given to Professor Francis Liven, Professor Neil Hyatt and the rest of the Nuclear FiRST DTC team, for the initial oppor- tunity to pursue postgraduate research. Appreciation is also given to the University of Sheffield, the HEP group and EPRSC for providing me with the facilities and funding, during this work.
    [Show full text]
  • ESTIMATION of FISSION-PRODUCT GAS PRESSURE in URANIUM DIOXIDE CERAMIC FUEL ELEMENTS by Wuzter A
    NASA TECHNICAL NOTE NASA TN D-4823 - - .- j (2. -1 "-0 -5 M 0-- N t+=$j oo w- P LOAN COPY: RET rm 3 d z c 4 c/) 4 z ESTIMATION OF FISSION-PRODUCT GAS PRESSURE IN URANIUM DIOXIDE CERAMIC FUEL ELEMENTS by WuZter A. PuuZson una Roy H. Springborn Lewis Reseurcb Center Clevelund, Ohio NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. NOVEMBER 1968 i 1 TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NM I 111111 lllll IllH llll lilll1111111111111 Ill1 01317Lb NASA TN D-4823 ESTIMATION OF FISSION-PRODUCT GAS PRESSURE IN URANIUM DIOXIDE CERAMIC FUEL ELEMENTS By Walter A. Paulson and Roy H. Springborn Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION For sale by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information Springfield, Virginia 22151 - CFSTl price $3.00 ABSTRACl Fission-product gas pressure in macroscopic voids was calculated over the tempera- ture range of 1000 to 2500 K for clad uranium dioxide fuel elements operating in a fast neutron spectrum. The calculated fission-product yields for uranium-233 and uranium- 235 used in the pressure calculations were based on experimental data compiled from various sources. The contributions of cesium, rubidium, and other condensible fission products are included with those of the gases xenon and krypton. At low temperatures, xenon and krypton are the major contributors to the total pressure. At high tempera- tures, however, cesium and rubidium can make a considerable contribution to the total pressure. ii ESTIMATION OF FISSION-PRODUCT GAS PRESSURE IN URANIUM DIOXIDE CERAMIC FUEL ELEMENTS by Walter A. Paulson and Roy H.
    [Show full text]
  • Consideration of Low Enriched Uranium Space Reactors
    AlM Propul~oo aoo Eo«gy Forum 10.25 1416 .20 18~3 Jllly9-11, 2018,0ncinoaoi,Obio 2018 Joi.ot PropuiS;ion Confereoce Chock fof updates Consideration of Low Enriched Uranium Space Reactors David Lee Black, Ph.D. 1 Retired, Formerly Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Washington, DC, 20006. USA The Federal Government (NASA, DOE) has recently shown interest in low enrichment uranium (LEU) reactors for space power and propulsion through its studies at national laboratories and a contract with private industry. Several non-governmental organizations have strongly encouraged this approach for nuclear non-proliferation and safety reasons. All previous efforts have been with highly enriched uranium (HEU) reactors. This study evaluates and compares the effects of changing from HEU reactors with greater than 90% U-235 to LEU with less than 20% U-235. A simple analytic approach was used, the validity of which has been established by comparison with existing test data for graphite fuel only. This study did not include cermet fuel. Four configurations were analyzed: NERVA NRX, LANL's SNRE, LEU, and generic critical HEU and LEU reactors without a reflector. The nuclear criticality multiplication factor, size, weight and system thermodynamic performance were compared, showing the strong dependence on moderator-to-fuel ratio in the reactor. The conclusions are that LEU reactors can be designed to meet mission requirements of lifetime and operability. It ,.;u be larger and heavier by about 4000 lbs than a highly enriched uranium reactor to meet the same requirements. Mission planners should determine the penalty of the added weight on payload. The amount ofU-235 in an HEU core is not significantly greater in an LEU design with equal nuclear requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation and Evaluation of Fission Yield Nuclear Data Iaea, Vienna, 2000 Iaea-Tecdoc-1168 Issn 1011–4289
    IAEA-TECDOC-1168 Compilation and evaluation of fission yield nuclear data Final report of a co-ordinated research project 1991–1996 December 2000 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Nuclear Data Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria COMPILATION AND EVALUATION OF FISSION YIELD NUCLEAR DATA IAEA, VIENNA, 2000 IAEA-TECDOC-1168 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2000 Printed by the IAEA in Austria December 2000 FOREWORD Fission product yields are required at several stages of the nuclear fuel cycle and are therefore included in all large international data files for reactor calculations and related applications. Such files are maintained and disseminated by the Nuclear Data Section of the IAEA as a member of an international data centres network. Users of these data are from the fields of reactor design and operation, waste management and nuclear materials safeguards, all of which are essential parts of the IAEA programme. In the 1980s, the number of measured fission yields increased so drastically that the manpower available for evaluating them to meet specific user needs was insufficient. To cope with this task, it was concluded in several meetings on fission product nuclear data, some of them convened by the IAEA, that international co-operation was required, and an IAEA co-ordinated research project (CRP) was recommended. This recommendation was endorsed by the International Nuclear Data Committee, an advisory body for the nuclear data programme of the IAEA. As a consequence, the CRP on the Compilation and Evaluation of Fission Yield Nuclear Data was initiated in 1991, after its scope, objectives and tasks had been defined by a preparatory meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Power
    No.59 z iii "Ill ~ 2 er0 Ill Ill 0 Nuclear Family Pia nning p3 Chernobyl Broadsheet ·, _ I. _ . ~~~~ George Pritchar d speaks CONTENTS COMMENT The important nuclear development since the Nuclear Family Planning 3 last SCRAM Journal was the Government's The CEGB's plans, and the growing opposition, after Sizewell B by go ahead for Sizewell B: the world's first HUGH RICHARDS. reactor order since Chernobyl, and Britain's News 4-6 first since the go ahead was given to Torness Accidents Will Happen 1 and Heysham 2 in 1978. Of great concern is Hinkley Seismic Shocker 8-9 the CEGB's announced intention to build "a A major article on seismic safety of nuclear plants in which JAMES small fanilty• of PWRs, starting with Hinkley GARRETT reveals that Hinkley Point C. At the time of the campaign In the Point sits on a geological fault. south west to close the Hinkley A Magnox Trouble at Trawsfynydd 10-11 station, and .a concerted push in Scotland to A summary of FoE's recent report on increasing radiation levels from prevent the opening of Torness, another Trawsfynydd's by PATRICK GREEN. nuclear announcement is designed to divide Pandora's POX 12 and demoralise the opposition. But, it should The debate over plutonium transport make us more determined. The article on the to and from Dounreay continues by facing page gives us hope: the local PETE MUTTON. authorities on Severnside are joining forces CHERNOBYL BROADSHEET to oppose Hinkley C, and hopefully they will Cock-ups and Cover-ups work closely with local authorities in other "Sacrificed to • • • Nuclear Power" threatened areas - Lothian Region, The Soviet Experience Northumberland, the County Council Coalition "An Agonising Decision• 13 against waste dumping and the Nuclear Free GEORGE PRITCHARD explains why Zones - to formulate a national anti-nuclear he left Greenpeoce and took a job strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • Wo 2009/108331 A2
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 3 September 2009 (03.09.2009) WO 2009/108331 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, A61K 38/22 (2006.01) CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (21) International Application Number: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, PCT/US2009/001213 KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (22) International Filing Date: MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, 25 February 2009 (25.02.2009) NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, (25) Filing Language: English UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (26) Publication Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (30) Priority Data: kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 61/066,959 25 February 2008 (25.02.2008) US GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, Not furnished 25 February 2009 (25.02.2009) US ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), European (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, (71) Applicant and ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, (72) Inventor: FORSLEY, Lawrence, Parker, Galloway MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR), [US/US]; 70 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 1461 1 OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, ML, (US).
    [Show full text]