Making Sense of Symbols: a Guide to Reading Charts
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BEYOND T H E BASICS Making Sense of Symbols: A Guide to Rea ding Charts Ann Budd ANY BEGINNING KNITTERS pale at the right side of the knitting is always facing out), all M the sight of a knitting pattern, temporar- rows are read from right to left. ily paralyzed by the seemingly complicated Most charts, including the ones in Interweave Knits, abbreviations and symbols (k2tog, ssk, brackets, pa- are plotted on a square grid. Because knitted stitches rentheses, asterisks, . .). But most knitters quickly tend to be wider than they are tall, motifs worked from realize that pattern language is actually quite simple; such charts will appear squatter in the actual knitting rather than an unbreakable code, it is truly a useful than they appear on the grid. To avoid this discrep- shorthand. Curi ously, however, ancy when designing your own many knitters never make the project, you can use proportional Common Chart Symbols jump to following charted pat- & Definitions knitter’s graph paper (available at terns, failing to understand how knitting stores). right side: knit logical and, yes, easy to follow, wrong side: purl Symbols: Though not all pub- they really are. right side: purl lications use exactly the same Charts have several advan- wrong side: knit symbols (for example, some use a tages over row-by-row knit- right side: k2tog horizontal dash to denote a purl ting instructions written out wrong side: p2tog stitch, others use a dot), for the in words: They let you see at right side: k3tog most part, the symbols represent a glance what’s to be done and wrong side p3tog what the stitches look like when what the pattern will look like right side: ssk viewed from the right side of the knitted; they help you recognize wrong side: ssp knitting. Symbols that slant to how the stitches relate to one right side: sl 2 sts individually, k1, p2sso; the left represent left-slanting wrong side: p2tog and place st on left another; and they take up less needle, pass next st over this st, return st to stitches. Symbols that slant to space than written instructions. right needle the right represent right-slanting These days, more and more pat- M Make 1 stitches. Notice how the symbols terns are being charted instead in the charts at right mimic the of written out rowbyrow, and yarn over stitches in the knitted fabrics. that means it is more important Because charts are presented b work through back loop than ever to learn how to read of stitch as viewed from the right side only, them. Once you add this skill most symbols represent two differ- to your repertoire, your choices no stitch ent maneuvers—one for right-side as a knitter expand nicely. rows and another for wrong-side Right cross: place specified number of sts onto cable rows. For example, for stockinette The Anatomy of a Chart needle and hold in back, knit stitch, you knit the stitches on specified number of sts, knit Charts are a visual represen- specified number of sts from right-side rows and purl them on tation of a knitted fabric viewed cable needle wrong-side rows. However, charted from the right side. Charts are Left cross: place specified stockinette stitch shows only the number of sts onto cable plotted on graph paper so that needle and hold in front, knit right, or knit, side. A list of the one square represents one stitch specified number of sts, knit most common symbols and their specified number of sts from and one horizontal row repre- cable needle right- and wrong-side denitions is sents one row of knitting. The presented in the box at left. symbols or colors in the squares No stitch: Many stitch pat- indicate how to work each stitch. For colorwork charts, terns, especially lace, involve increases or decreases that the colors represent yarn colors; for texture work, the cause the stitch count to rise or fall, thereby requiring symbols represent stitch manipulations. Unless other- the number of boxes in a chart to vary from one row to wise specied, charts are read from the bottom to the the next. For some patterns, these variations are simply top, right to left for right-side rows, and left to right for represented by uneven chart edges. For other patterns, wrong-side rows. When knitting in the round (where adding or subtracting boxes at the edge of a chart may 78 INTERWEAVE KNITS www.interweave.com disrupt the vertical stitch alignment. In these cases, a marked in between. On right-side rows, work from special symbol for “no stitch” is used within the center right to left, working the stitches on the right edge of the chart. These symbols accommodate “missing” once, then the repeat as many times as necessary, and stitches while they maintain the vertical integrity of end by working the stitches on the left edge once. On the pattern. In Interweave Knits, missing stitches are wrong-side rows, work from left to right, working the represented by gray shaded boxes. When you come to stitches on the left edge once, the repeat box as many a shaded box, simply skip over it and continue to the times as necessary, and end by working the stitches end of the row as if it doesn’t exist. on the right edge once. Row numbers: Rows are numbered along the side of Charts for multisized garments will most likely have most charts, especially long or complicated ones. Row different numbers of edge stitches for the different sizes. numbers appearing along the Read the instructions and right edge denote right-side chart carefully, and be rows to be read from right to Comparing Charts & Swatches sure to begin and end as left. Row numbers appearing specied for the size you along the left edge denote are making. wrong-side rows to be read from left to right. For ex- Helfpul Hints ample, if the number 1¾is on — If a chart is so small the right edge of the chart, or complicated that it that and all subsequent odd causes your eyes to strain, numbered rows are right-side Notice how the stitches mimic the chart copy it onto larger graph rows; all even-numbered rows symbols in this simple lace pattern. paper or make a photocopy are worked from the wrong enlargement. If the chart side (from left to right). involves colorwork and you Think of a knitting With few exceptions, charts 11 don’t have access to a color chart as a short- in Inter weave Knits designate 9 photocopier, use colored hand or cartoon representation of the Row 1 as a right-side row. 7 pencils or markers to color For some patterns, this ne- in the appropriate boxes. knitted fabric. Each 5 cessitates a “set-up row” be — Keep your place while square represents worked prior to the rst row 3 working a chart by hold- one stitch. The of the chart to get the stitches 1 ing a straightedge or row shapes and slants in the necessary sequence of pattern repeat finder on the chart and of the symbols knits and purls. using a row counter on imitate the shapes Pattern repeats: All your knitting needle. You and slants of the charts show at least one pat- can place the straightedge knitted stitches. tern repeat. If the repeat is either above or below complex, more than one re- the row you’re working peat is charted to help you on; placing it on the row see how the individual motifs above will let you see look adjacent to each other. how the stitches relate to In row-by-row instruc- The chart symbols for cables indicate the the previous row (the one tions, pattern repeats are direction of the cable-twists. you just knitted). Once anked by asterisks or square you’ve worked a couple brackets. On charts, these 11 of repeats from the chart, repeats are outlined in heavy 9 you may be able to look or colored boxes, or they’re 7 at your knitting rather annotated at the lower or than the chart to figure 5 upper edge of the chart. out what comes next. Some patterns that are 3 — If you plan to design worked back and forth in 1 a sweater or other piece rows require extra stitches to pattern repeat around a charted design, balance a charted pattern. In be sure to center the de- row-by-row instructions, such patterns are reported sign over the center stitch of the piece. Otherwise, you as repeating over a multiple of a number of stitches will end up with a partial repeat at one edge that isn’t plus extra stitches (i.e., balanced 2 ×2 ribbing worked mirrored at the other. 9 back and forth is a multiple of 4 stitches plus 2). On charts, these balancing stitches appear at the right Ann Budd is managing editor of Interweave Knits. and left margins of the chart, with the repeat clearly Summer 2000 INTERWEAVE KNITS 79.