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Retrocomputing As Preservation and Remix
Retrocomputing as Preservation and Remix Yuri Takhteyev Quinn DuPont University of Toronto University of Toronto [email protected] [email protected] Abstract This paper looks at the world of retrocomputing, a constellation of largely non-professional practices involving old computing technology. Retrocomputing includes many activities that can be seen as constituting “preservation.” At the same time, it is often transformative, producing assemblages that “remix” fragments from the past with newer elements or joining together historic components that were never combined before. While such “remix” may seem to undermine preservation, it allows for fragments of computing history to be reintegrated into a living, ongoing practice, contributing to preservation in a broader sense. The seemingly unorganized nature of retrocomputing assemblages also provides space for alternative “situated knowledges” and histories of computing, which can sometimes be quite sophisticated. Recognizing such alternative epistemologies paves the way for alternative approaches to preservation. Keywords: retrocomputing, software preservation, remix Recovering #popsource In late March of 2012 Jordan Mechner received a shipment from his father, a box full of old floppies. Among them was a 3.5 inch disk labelled: “Prince of Persia / Source Code (Apple) / ©1989 Jordan Mechner (Original).” Mechner’s announcement of this find on his blog the next day took the world of nerds by storm.1 Prince of Persia, a game that Mechner single-handedly developed in the late 1980s, revolutionized computer games when it came out due to its surprisingly realistic representation of human movement. After being ported to DOS and Apple’s Mac OS in the early 1990s the game sold 2 million copies (Pham, 2001). -
Marque Cylindré E Modèle Moteur Date
Fiches motos Télépoche : Source http://www.motopoche.com Cylindré Date date Marque e Modèle Moteur (début) (fin) Pays N° TP ABC 400 1919 1922 UK 809 ABC / Gnome & Rhône 400 A 1919 1924 F 479 Adler 370 2 PS 1902 1903 D 943 Adler 250 MB RS course 1954 1955 D 817 Aermacchi Harley Davidson 350 Grand Prix 1973 1977 I 443 Aermacchi Harley Davidson 350 GT Sprint 1970 1972 I 375 Aermacchi Harley Davidson 125 Regolarita 1973 I 365 Aermacchi Harley Davidson 350 TV Sprint 1971 1972 I 375 Aero Caproni 150 Capriolo (cames à plateau) 1955 I 1048 AGF 175 Bol d'Or Ydral 1955 F 865 Aiglon 250 Mirus 1902 F 648 AJS 500 E 90 Porcupine 1947 UK 1033 AJS 500 Mod. 20 Spring Twin Carénage Pee 1950 1952 UK 756 AJS 350 SS 1925 UK 762 AJS 500 V4 à Compresseur 1939 1946 UK 759 AJS 350 1925 UK 409 AKD Abingdon King Dick 175 Sport Moser 1928 UK 1065 Alcyon 250 AH 1929 F 732 Alcyon 350 type 306 A Zürcher 1938 F 776 Anglian 250 2 3/4 HP De Dion 1903 UK 400 886 Anzani 2400 Stayer 1918 F 933 Ardie 200 Feuerreiter Bark 1937 1937 D 804 Ardie 305 1919 1923 D 996 Ariel 250 Leader 1959 1964 UK 871 Ariel 1000 Square Four Mk1 (2 tubes / paral 1939 1940 UK 420 Ariel Tri De Dion 1898 UK 471 Ariel 1000 MAG 1923 UK 868 Autoglider 269 2 1/2 HP Villiers 1919 1921 UK 340 1002 Automoto 500 A 30 Blackburne 1930 1933 F 779 Automoto 150 BH 1923 F 855 AWD 500 4 soupapes Rudge 4 v 1927 D 820 BAT 770 5/6 hp JAP 1913 UK 467 896 BCR 500 HS Chaise 1929 1930 F 454 887 Beardmore Precision 600 susp. -
Energizer Holdings, Inc. 2003 ANNUAL REPORT ENERGIZER IS TRADED on the NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE UNDER the ENR SYMBOL
Energizer Holdings, Inc. 2003 ANNUAL REPORT ENERGIZER IS TRADED ON THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE UNDER THE ENR SYMBOL. ENERGIZER IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF PRIMARY BATTERIES AND FLASHLIGHTS AND A GLOBAL LEADER IN THE DYNAMIC BUSINESS OF PROVIDING PORTABLE POWER. IN ADDITION, ENERGIZER IS THE PARENT COMPANY OF SCHICK- WILKINSON SWORD (SWS), THE SECOND LARGEST MANUFACTURER OF WET SHAVE PRODUCTS IN THE WORLD. YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2003 2002 2001 $2.23 4 Net Earnings (in millions) 7 . 1 $ $1.69 Net Earnings, excluding certain unusual items $ 228.2 $ 186.4 $ 95.1 SWS inventory write-up, net of tax (a) (58.3) Provision for goodwill impairment, net of tax (b) (119.0) 03 Amortization, net of tax (b) (15.1) 01 02 Net Earnings/(Loss) $ 169.9 $ 186.4 $ (39.0) Net Sales in billions Diluted Earnings Per Share Net Earnings, excluding certain unusual items $2.59 $2.01 $ 1.01 $2.59 SWS inventory write-up, net of tax (a) (0.66) $2.01 Provision for goodwill impairment, net of tax (b) (1.27) Amortization, net of tax (b) (0.16) $1.01 Net Earnings/(Loss) $1.93 $2.01 $ (0.42) 01 02 03 Diluted Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding 88.2 92.8 94.1 Earnings Per Share* Non-GAAP Financial Presentation In addition to its earnings presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), Energizer has presented certain non-GAAP earnings in the table above * Excluding unusual which it believes are useful to readers in addition to traditional GAAP measures. -
A History of the Personal Computer Index/11
A History of the Personal Computer 6100 CPU. See Intersil Index 6501 and 6502 microprocessor. See MOS Legend: Chap.#/Page# of Chap. 6502 BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. Languages -- Numerals -- 7000 copier. See Xerox/Misc. 3 E-Z Pieces software, 13/20 8000 microprocessors. See 3-Plus-1 software. See Intel/Microprocessors Commodore 8010 “Star” Information 3Com Corporation, 12/15, System. See Xerox/Comp. 12/27, 16/17, 17/18, 17/20 8080 and 8086 BASIC. See 3M company, 17/5, 17/22 Microsoft/Prog. Languages 3P+S board. See Processor 8514/A standard, 20/6 Technology 9700 laser printing system. 4K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. See Xerox/Misc. Languages 16032 and 32032 micro/p. See 4th Dimension. See ACI National Semiconductor 8/16 magazine, 18/5 65802 and 65816 micro/p. See 8/16-Central, 18/5 Western Design Center 8K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. 68000 series of micro/p. See Languages Motorola 20SC hard drive. See Apple 80000 series of micro/p. See Computer/Accessories Intel/Microprocessors 64 computer. See Commodore 88000 micro/p. See Motorola 80 Microcomputing magazine, 18/4 --A-- 80-103A modem. See Hayes A Programming lang. See APL 86-DOS. See Seattle Computer A+ magazine, 18/5 128EX/2 computer. See Video A.P.P.L.E. (Apple Pugetsound Technology Program Library Exchange) 386i personal computer. See user group, 18/4, 19/17 Sun Microsystems Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine, 432 microprocessor. See 18/4 Intel/Microprocessors A2-Central newsletter, 18/5 603/4 Electronic Multiplier. Abacus magazine, 18/8 See IBM/Computer (mainframe) ABC (Atanasoff-Berry 660 computer. -
Conflicts of Interest, Intra‐Group Financing and Procedural
Received: 30 October 2019 Revised: 31 March 2020 DOI: 10.1002/iir.1370 RESEARCH ARTICLE Conflicts of interest, intra-group financing and procedural coordination of group insolvencies Ilya Kokorin Department of Financial Law, Leiden University, Leiden Correspondence Ilya Kokorin, Department of Financial Abstract Law, Leiden University, Leiden, The Modern insolvency law instruments recognise the spec- Netherlands. ificity of enterprise group insolvencies, premised on the Email: [email protected] existence of close operational and financial links between group members. It is widely accepted that maximisation of insolvency estate value and procedural efficiency depend on coordination of insolvency pro- ceedings opened with respect to group entities. Such coordination is prescribed in the European Insolvency Regulation (recast), the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Enterprise Group Insolvency and the recently reformed German insolvency law. Yet in insolvency, group mem- bers retain their own insolvency estates and pools of creditors. This is based on the traditional company law principle of entity shielding. Active communication and cooperation between insolvency practitioners and courts do not sit well with the separate (atomistic) nature of insolvency proceedings, as well as different and oftentimes conflicting interests of creditors in such proceedings. As a result, communication and coopera- tion may be restricted in a situation of conflicts of inter- est. This article explores how in the context of group distress the risks arising from conflicts of interest can be controlled and mitigated, while ensuring efficient This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
International Business (Case Study)
Advanced Diploma in Business Administration Study Manual INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS (CASE STUDY) The Association of Business Executives William House • 14 Worple Road • Wimbledon • London • SW19 4DD • United Kingdom Tel: + 44(0)20 8879 1973 • Fax: + 44(0)20 8946 7153 E-mail: [email protected] • www.abeuk.com © Copyright assigned to ABE All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, mechanical, photocopied or otherwise, without the express permission in writing from The Association of Business Executives. ABE Advanced Diploma in Business Administration Study Manual INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS (CASE STUDY) Contents Study Title Page Unit Syllabus i 1 The Importance and Nature of International Business 1 The Importance and Growth of International Business 3 International and Domestic Business 8 Types of International Business Involvement 10 2 Understanding the World Trading Environment 17 The Changing World Trading Environment 18 The Big Three – The Triad 22 Classifying the World 23 A New Focus – Global Convergence 26 3 Understanding International Trade 29 The Reasons for International Trade 30 Trade Barriers 34 World Trade Bodies and Institutions 36 World Regional Groups or Trading Blocs 39 4 Understanding the International Business Environment 45 Social/Cultural Factors 47 Legal Factors 52 Economic Factors 54 Political Factors 56 Technological Factors 57 The “C” Factors 60 The Use of Slept and C Factors in International Business -
History of Micro-Computers
M•I•C•R•O P•R•O•C•E•S•S•O•R E•V•O•L•U•T•I.O•N Reprinted by permission from BYTE, September 1985.. a McGraw-Hill Inc. publication. Prices quoted are in US S. EVOLUTION OF THE MICROPROCESSOR An informal history BY MARK GARETZ Author's note: The evolution of were many other applica- the microprocessor has followed tions for the new memory a complex and twisted path. To chip, which was signifi- those of you who were actually cantly larger than any that involved in some of the follow- had been produced ing history, 1 apologize if my before. version is not exactly like yours. About this time, the The opinions expressed in this summer of 1969, Intel was article are my own and may or approached by the may not represent reality as Japanese calculator manu- someone else perceives it. facturer Busicom to pro- duce a set of custom chips THE TRANSISTOR, devel- designed by Busicom oped at Bell Laboratories engineers for the Jap- in 1947, was designed to anese company's new line replace the vacuum tube, of calculators. The to switch electronic sig- calculators would have nals on and off. (Al- several chips, each of though, at the time, which would contain 3000 vacuum tubes were used to 5000 transistors. mainly as amplifiers, they Intel designer Marcian were also used as (led) Hoff was assigned to switches.) The advent of assist the team of Busi- the transistor made possi- com engineers that had ble a digital computer that taken up residence at didn't require an entire Intel. -
A History of the Amiga by Jeremy Reimer
A history of the Amiga By Jeremy Reimer 1 part 1: Genesis 3 part 2: The birth of Amiga 13 part 3: The first prototype 19 part 4: Enter Commodore 27 part 5: Postlaunch blues 39 part 6: Stopping the bleeding 48 part 7: Game on! 60 Shadow of the 16-bit Beast 71 2 A history of the Amiga, part 1: Genesis By Jeremy Reimer Prologue: the last day April 24, 1994 The flag was flying at half-mast when Dave Haynie drove up to the headquarters of Commodore International for what would be the last time. Dave had worked for Commodore at its West Chester, Pennsylvania, headquarters for eleven years as a hardware engineer. His job was to work on advanced products, like the revolutionary AAA chipset that would have again made the Amiga computer the fastest and most powerful multimedia machine available. But AAA, like most of the projects underway at Commodore, had been canceled in a series of cost-cutting measures, the most recent of which had reduced the staff of over one thousand people at the factory to less than thirty. "Bringing your camera on the last day, eh Dave?" the receptionist asked in a resigned voice."Yeah, well, they can't yell at me for spreading secrets any more, can they?" he replied. Dave took his camera on a tour of the factory, his low voice echoing through the empty hallways. "I just thought about it this morning," he said, referring to his idea to film the last moments of the company for which he had given so much of his life. -
Panic, Prosperity, and Progress Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons Is the Oldest Independent Publishing Company in the United States
PANIC, PROSPERITY, AND PROGRESS Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons is the oldest independent publishing company in the United States. With offices in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia, Wiley is globally committed to developing and marketing print and electronic products and services for our customers’ professional and personal knowledge and understanding. The Wiley Trading series features books by traders who have survived the market’s ever changing temperament and have prospered—some by reinventing systems, others by getting back to basics. Whether a novice trader, professional, or somewhere in-between, these books will provide the advice and strategies needed to prosper today and well into the future. For more on this series, visit our website at www.WileyTrading.com. PANIC, PROSPERITY, AND PROGRESS Five Centuries of History and the Markets Timothy Knight Cover Design: Wiley Cover Illustration: top: © gettyimages.com/Robin Bartholick; background: © gettyimages.com/ Keystone-France; bottom: © gettyimages.com/DEA/A. Dagli Orti Copyright © 2014 by Timothy Knight. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. -
Export Development Canada (EDC)
Reaching For Our Export Potential 2014 Annual Report 2014 Highlights 7,432 EDC served 7,432 customers in 201 countries 91% 6,088 91% of all our financing Helped 6,088 SMEs conduct transactions done in $13.6 billion in exports partnership with financial institutions 82% $28.9B 1,802 82% of our customers Our customers’ business in Canadian exporters were SMEs emerging markets reached benefitted from our financing $28.9 billion in exports facilities to targeted and investments foreign buyers $7.5B 719,200 $68B CDIA transactions Helped sustain Helped facilitate $68 billion helped Canadian companies 719,200 jobs, 3.9% of Canada’s GDP, 4% of total do $7.5 billion in business of national employment national income abroad 2 Reaching For Our Export Potential Contents Six years past the global financial crisis, by 2014 2 2014 Highlights advanced economies were gaining momentum 4 2014 Performance Measures and starting to drive global growth. While 5 EDC Around the World 6 Message from the Chair consumption in the developed world dropped 8 Message from the President 10 Message from the Chief Economist dramatically during the recession, these low 12 Helping Small Businesses Think Big activity levels created a great deal of pent-up 18 Making the Connections to Create Trade 24 Performance Against Our Objectives demand, particularly in the U.S., our largest 30 Corporate Social Responsibility 34 Investor Relations trading partner. In this environment, Canadian 36 2015 Strategic Objectives exports grew by more than 10 per cent, providing 40 Board of Directors 42 Executive Management Team a welcome offset to an increasingly soft domestic 44 Corporate Governance 48 2014 Financial Review economy. -
UNIFIED LIST of UNITED STATES COMPANIES Doing Business in SOUTH AFRICA and NAMIBIA
UNIFIED LIST of UNITED STATES COMPANIES Doing Business in SOUTH AFRICA and NAMIBIA by Richard Knight The Africa Fund and Roger Walke Pacific Northwest Research Center Second Edition 1988 (associated with the American Committee on Africa) 198 Broadway e New York, NY 10038 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................... i U.S. Companies with Ownership in South Africa and Namibia Ranked by Number of Employees ............................. v Ranked by Sales .......................................... vi Ranked by Assets ........................................ vii Key to the Unified List ..................................... viii The Unified List ............................................... I Numbered Sources .............................................. 81 Special thanks to Andrew Weiss, who put in many hours of work helping to collect the information necessary to publish this list. copyright 1988 The Africa Fund INTRODUCTION This unified list on U.S. corporate involvement in South Africa and Namibia has been compiled to meet the needs of the divestment movement. As the campaign to isolate South Africa has grown, so has the need for accurate information about U.S. corporate economic involvement in the apartheid economy. Over the past few years, a number of lists of U.S. corporations with investments in South Africa or Namibia have been compiled. This work has been done by research organizations, business reference services, U.S. government agencies and activist groups. The Unified List is a compilation of existing sources to create a master list of American firms with investments, loans or licensing/franchising agreements in South Africa and Namibia. Those sources include the U.S. government, the Investor Responsibility Research Center (IRRC), the U.N. Centre on Transnational Corporations, and Corporate Data Exchange. Further information comes from The Africa Fund's extensive correspondence with several hundred companies profiled in this list. -
Premium Brands Partner with Barrus
THE INNOVATOR Premium Brands Partner with Barrus Barrus and Zodiac Partnership Garden Products for Every Season HiSun Goes Electric CONTENTS Wilkinson Sword Stainless Steel Hand Trowel - BBC Gardeners’ World Magazine Best Buy pages 66 - 67 2 Contents News from the divisions P4 New product focus P20 Barrus brands in action P34 Company news P58 Cub Cadet XZ5 receives GOOD DESIGN™ award page 30 3 NEWS FROM THE DIVISIONS “An extensive portfolio of premium brands that offer the marine trade a single source of supply” 4 Premium brands partner with Barrus to offer an extensive marine equipment range The Barrus Marine Equipment Division was set up in Above: International Paint August 2018 as a first step in establishing a portfolio of high-performance coatings and boat paints. premium brands with a vision to become a leading distributor in the chandlery and aftermarket sectors. Left: Besto life-jackets and buoyancy aids. Since announcing it’s launch into the marine chandlery sector Bottom left: Simrad and at Southampton Boat Show 2018 with the core product Lowrance marine offering of Talamex, a complete single-branded chandlery electronics. range, Besto life-jackets, G-Nautics boat accessories and Bottom right: Barton deck Stazo boat safety systems, the Barrus Marine Equipment Team hardware. has secured the distribution of over 20 new, leading brands. Extensive range Complete distribution solution Barton, Blue Gee, Glomex, Lowrance and Simrad, are just Barrus has joined forces with SailForce to offer the industry a a few of the brands in the line-up, combining a whole range complete distribution solution with national sales coverage and of products to cater for every area of a boat, from small day SailForce’s popular merchandising service, supported by the boats to superyachts.