JOP. J (Online) 2020 June 30; 21(3): 57-62.

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Laparoscopic Hand-assisted Total Pancreatectomy: Single Institution Experience of Seven Patients

Sujit Kulkarni1, Kaylene Barrera2, Rick Selby1, Dilipkumar Parekh1

1Department of , Keck Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States 2SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York City, New York, United States

ABSTRACT Background In the past two decades, total pancreatectomy has been associated with improved postoperative and long-term outcomes due to the improvements in surgical technique, better enzyme preparations and control. While minimally invasive Whipple operation has enjoyed the attention in recent years, the safety and feasibility of a minimally invasive total pancreatectomy is still not established. Methods A retrospective review of minimally invasive total pancreatic resections. Results Seven patients underwent laparoscopic hand- assisted total pancreatectomy between 2005 and 2011. The mean patient age was 58.1 years (58.1 ± 6.45) and the median American Society of Anesthesiologist score was 3. Three patients had diffuse IPMN, two had multiple neuroendocrine tumors and two patients had large cystic lesions in head, body and tail of pancreas. Median operative time was 431 minutes (range 348-590) with 300 cc (range the mortality was 0. Conclusion The laparoscopic hand-assisted total pancreatectomy appears to be a safe and feasible procedure. It is a150-1200) technically of demanding blood loss. procedureThe 90 days requiring postoperative expertise complication in both open rate and of advancedgrade 2 or laparoscopic higher Clavien-Dindo pancreatic classification procedures andwas additional 14% and multi-institutional studies are necessary to further evaluate its role.

INTRODUCTION prophylactic total pancreatectomy due to a history of familial , chronic patients undergoing a total pancreatectomy with autologous [1], enjoyed a brief period of popularity in the 1970’s for islet cell transplantation and patients with multicentric the Totaltreatment Pancreatectomy of pancreatic (TP), first described which in 1943 at of the pancreas such as main duct IPMN, and the time was thought to be multi-centric in origin. It was neuroendocrine tumors [2, 3, 4]. also advocated in lieu of the Whipple operation to reduce postsurgical anastomotic complications. Substantial Complex laparoscopic pancreatic surgery has now evolved into mainstream practice with a number of and lack of data showing a survival advantage over a centers in the USA and elsewhere performing advanced pancreaticoduodenectomymorbidity rates from exocrine led andto the endocrine abandonment insufficiency of this procedures such as the Whipple operation, distal procedure in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma [2, pancreatectomy, tumor enucleation and pancreatic 3, 4]. Advances in the surgical techniques, new pancreatic necrosectomy laparoscopically. It is our assessment that enzyme preparations and improved control of diabetes in the next decade, the vast majority of the pancreatic have led to a wider application of total pancreatectomy surgical procedures will be performed laparoscopically as in the past two decades. At present acceptable indications expertise with advanced laparoscopic pancreas surgery for total pancreatectomy include patients requiring is gained in the wider community of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeons. Advanced laparoscopic pancreatic Received February 22nd, 2020 - Accepted June 15th, 2020 surgery has been shown to be safe in the publications Keywords Pancreatectomy; ; Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic from several centers with large experience with similar Surgery or better outcomes than open surgery and for some Abbreviations TP Total Pancreatectomy; EUS Endoscopic Ultrasound; SMV Superior Mesenteric Vein; PHA Proper Hepatic Artery; GDA Gastro- procedures such as laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, Duodenal Artery; CBD Common ; SMA Superior Mesenteric the minimally invasive technique appears to be associated Arterial; PCA Patient Controlled Analgesia; ASA American Society of with better outcomes compared to the open procedure [5]. Anesthesiology; IPMN Intraductal Papillary Mucinous ; PSM Propensity Score Matching; NETs Neuroendocrine Tumours Similar experience has been reported where the da Vinci Correspondence Sujit Kulkarni robot system has been utilized for the minimally invasive Department of Surgery, Keck Medical Center, approach to pancreatic resections. Total pancreatectomy University of Southern California, Los Angeles, is relatively uncommon procedure and only a few small United States Tel +323 442 7172 series and anecdotal case reports have been published Fax +323 442 7173 of minimally invasive total pancreatectomy [6, 7, 8, 9]. E-mail [email protected] In this series we describe the largest experience to date

JOP. Journal of the Pancreas - http://pancreas.imedpub.com/ - Vol. 21 No. 3 – June 2020. [ISSN 1590-8577] 57 JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2020 June 30; 21(3): 57-62. of laparoscopic hand-assisted total pancreatectomies reported from the USA. and the right side of the patient, respectively. A right sub- costalfirst assistant incision and (6-7cm) the scrub-nurse was made forstanding a Gelport on the® and left three side PATIENTS AND METHODS trocars are placed as shown in the Figure 1. A diagnostic Patients laparoscopy was initially performed to evaluate for the metastasis or locally advanced disease. Any suspicious A total of twenty-one patients underwent TP during the lesions were biopsied and sent for intraoperative frozen period 2005 through 2011 at our institution by a team of section histology. The patient was placed in a reverse Trendelenberg position at 200 and slightly tilted to the procedure was at the discretion of the individual surgeon. right side. The was performed in a usual Thefive pancreaticseven patients surgeons. who The underwent choice of openlaparoscopic or laparoscopic hand- fashion. The gastro-colic ligament was opened with a assisted TP by a single surgeon are included in this Harmonic™ scalpel (Ethicon Endo-surgery, Blue Ash, OH) study. This is a retrospective review. Data collection was to enter the lesser sac. This opening was extended from approved by the University Institutional Review Board and the short gastric vessels were taken down with a guidelines. The operative indications were based on the Harmonicthe first part scalpel of duodenum or a surgical to the staplerfundus ifof splenectomythe multicentricityand confidentiality of thewas diseasemaintained with according diffuse toinvolvement the HIPPA of the pancreas, the absence of tumor extension to the transverse colon were mobilized. The Kocher maneuver superior mesenteric vein, superior mesenteric artery or was performed. performed. The The inferior splenic border and hepatic of the pancreas flexures ofat the hepatic artery and the absence of bulky extra-pancreatic neck of the pancreas was mobilized to expose the Superior disease. Preoperative imaging workup included Mesenteric Vein (SMV). A retro-pancreatic tunnel was ultrasound, pancreatic protocol computed tomography created in front of the SMV. The hepato-duodenal ligament and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Any patient under was dissected to identify the Proper Hepatic Artery (PHA), the age of 65 with cardiopulmonary disease and all Gastro-Duodenal Artery (GDA) and the Common Bile Duct patients over the age of 65 underwent a cardiopulmonary (CBD). The gastro duodenal artery was doubly clipped and evaluation for preoperative clearance. Patients also divided between the clips or transacted with the surgical underwent endoscopic ultrasound evaluation after stapler. The common bile duct was transacted. The neck of 2009 since we did not have that facility prior to 2009. pancreas was completely separated from the portal vein by completing the retro-pancreatic tunnel dissection. The are summarized in Table 1. The peri-operative data was right gastro-epiploic vessels and the right gastric vessels acquiredIndications from and the Endoscopic hospital electronic Ultrasound records (EUS) and findings paper were divided between clips. Published studies with the charts and postoperative complications were graded using Whipple operation have shown that there is no long- term functional or survival advantage with the pylorus- preserving procedure compared to a standard Whipple Operative Technique the Clavien-Dindo classification. operation that incorporates an antrectomy. Furthermore, The patient was placed in a supine position and the patients with a standard Whipple operation appear to surgeon stood on the right side of the patient, with the have a lower incidence of gastro-paresis [10]. Based on

Table 1.

IndicationsRange of for laparoscopic TP andTotal final Lymph pathologic diagnosis. Indication/Lesion size of EUS report with nodes Patient Location Margins Final Pathology type lesions biopsy (positive for (cm) tumor) Cysts with Diffuse main duct main duct Papillary adenocarcinoma from main 1 Entire gland 0.5-3.5 29 (0) Clear IPMN IPMN, cytology duct IPMN inconclusive Multiple neuro- 2 Entire gland 0.5-3.0 Not available 9 (0) Clear Islet cell tumor endocrine tumors Multiple neuro- Entire gland 3 0.5-3.5 Not available 33 (28) Clear Carcinoid tumor (metastatic to ) endocrine tumors and liver Main duct IPMN, Diffuse main duct Head, Neck, atypical cells Pancreatic adenocarcinoma associated 4 0.5-2.2 24 (0) Clear IPMN Body suspicious for with main duct IPMN cancer 5 2 cystic lesions Head and tail 6.0 and 7.2 Not available 18 (0) Clear Mucinous Pancreatic adenocarcinoma at three Diffuse main duct 6 Entire gland 0.7-2.2 Not available 36 (0) Clear locations (two in the head and one in tail) IPMN associated with main duct IPMN Main duct IPMN, Main duct IPMN with pancreatic atypical cells intraductal neoplasia Grade III, Chronic 7 2 Cystic lesions Head, tail 2.0-3.2 11 (0) Clear suspicious for pancreatitis with dysplasia of ductal cancer epithelium

JOP. Journal of the Pancreas - http://pancreas.imedpub.com/ - Vol. 21 No. 3 – June 2020. [ISSN 1590-8577] 58 JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2020 June 30; 21(3): 57-62.

Post-operatively, all the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and started on drip and gradually switched to long acting insulin doses. Pain was controlled with Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA). Thromboprophylaxis with subcutaneous heparin (5000 Units every 8 hours) was started on post-op day 1. Urinary catheter was removed on post-op day 1 or 2. Upon return of bowel function, the patients were started on liquids and diet was gradually advanced as tolerated. All the patients received pancreatic enzyme supplements with diet. All the patients were seen by the endocrinology team during the post-operative period. RESULTS Figure 1. Port placement for surgery. Seven patients underwent the laparoscopic hand- this reported experience an antrectomy was performed assisted total pancreatectomy (3 males and 4 females) in preference to a pylorus-preserving procedure at the with a mean age of 58.1 years (range, 44-63 years). The discretion of the senior author. The stomach was divided mean adult American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) at the incisura angularis with an endoscopic stapler. physical status was 2.8 (median 3, range 1-3). Three The spleno-renal and spleno-phrenic ligaments were patients underwent TP for diffuse IPMN (Figure 2), two divided. The spleen and the tail of pancreas were carefully had multiple neuroendocrine tumors and two patients had dissected off of the retroperitoneum. The dissection was large cystic lesions in the head, body and tail of pancreas. continued medially along the superior, inferior borders and retroperitoneal surface of the pancreas. The inferior diagnoses are described in Table 1. The indications, EUS results and final pathological mesenteric vein when draining into the splenic vein was The intra-operative and post-operative results divided between the clips. The coronary vein was preserved with complications are listed in Table 2. The median during all the cases. The distal pancreas and spleen were blood loss was 300 ml (range 150-1200). One patient had intraoperative bleeding secondary to adhesions vein and superior mesenteric vein. The splenic vein was from previous abdominal surgery and required blood reflected to the right side to expose confluence of splenic dissected from the posterior surface of pancreas and was transfusion. The median operating time was 431 minutes divided with a vascular stapler load. The splenic artery was (range 348-590). The splenectomy was performed in 6 patients and the spleen was preserved in 1 patient. The divided close to the celiac trunk with a vascular stapler median length of hospital stay was 10 days and intensive identified along the superior border of pancreas and was load. The proximal jejunum was divided with a stapler at care unit monitoring required for 2 days (range, 1-6 days). 10 cm distance from the ligament of Treitz. The jejunal The median time for ambulation and self-care was 3 days. mesenteric vessels were divided with the harmonic scalpel The median duration for the nasogastric tube was 4 days. or a vascular stapler to complete the duodenal derotation. The nasogastric tube was removed and clear liquid diet The jejunum was passed under the mesenteric vessels and oral pancreatic enzyme supplements with diet. The portal vein. The specimen was pulled to the right side to was resumed upon passage of flatus. The patients received facilitatethe entire uncinate specimen process was flipped dissection. over toThe the small right venousside of surgery were 4 and 6 days respectively. The endocrinology branches were divided between clips. The Superior teammedian saw times all the to passpatients flatus after and the first surgery. bowel movementOne patient after had Mesenteric Arterial (SMA) pulsations were palpated and with the harmonic scalpel close to the SMA. The uncinate processfibrocapsular was separatedlayer over fromthe uncinate the SMA process with a was meticulous opened dissection. The crossing vessels were clipped and divided between the clips. The specimen was extracted through the Gelport®. The margins were checked with the frozen sections. The transacted end of the jejunum was passed through the transverse mesocolon into the upper abdomen and at this point pneumoperitoneum was released. The hepatico- was performed through the Gelport® under direct vision using 5-0 PDS suture. The gastrointestinal continuity was re-established with an ante-colic, isoperistaltic stapled side to side gastro-jejunostomy. 10F Figure 2. Diffuse Intraductal Papillary Mucinus Neoplasm (IPMN). flatJOP. JournalJP drain of the was Pancreas placed - http://pancreas.imedpub.com/ to drain the biliary anastomosis. - Vol. 21 No. 3 – June 2020. [ISSN 1590-8577] 59 JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2020 June 30; 21(3): 57-62.

Table 2. Intra-operative and postoperative results of laparoscopic total pancreatectomy. Median Median Total (Primary Median OR Spleen Total Series (Yr) Length of Stay Estimated Blood Mortality (%) TPs) time (min) preservation morbidity (%) (d) loss (ml) Current 7 (7) 10 300 431 01-Jul 14 0 Boggi Lap Robot (2015) 11 (11) 27 (mean) 220 (mean) 600 03-Nov 63 0 Zureikat (Robotic) (2013) 5(5) 10 1000 503 - 100 0 Muller (2007) 147 (124) 11 1000 380 39/124 44 6 Crippa (2010) 65 (25) 12 - 430 Feb-25 36 0 Janot (2010) 63 (45) 21 800 420 - 50.8 6.25 Billings (2005) 99 (80) - - - - 32 5 liver metastasis from carcinoid tumor which was resected with a mean of 33 months after diagnosis in a cohort of at later time. There was major 90-days morbidity (Clavien patients who were not treated surgically [13]. Patients grade 2) in a patient who had deep venous thrombosis with segmental main duct IPMN are appropriately treated and pulmonary embolism requiring anticoagulation. One with localized resection procedures such as the Whipple other patient developed common bile duct stricture after 6 operation or distal pancreatectomy. Patients with diffuse months, which was treated with endoscopic interventions. main duct IPMN are candidates for TP. In our study four of Mortality within 90 days was zero. Median length of follow the seven patients requiring TP had main duct IPMN and in up was 36 months (12-40 months). One patient died after one year due to hypoglycemic attack. One patient died after three years due to widespread metastasis of inthree two of out four of (75%)these three microscopic patients invasive had shown cancer atypical was found cells neuroendocrine tumor. One patient died at home because suspiciousin the final forpathological malignancy. specimen. The cytology from EUS of failure to thrive and possible hypoglycemia after two Complex laparoscopic pancreatic surgery has now years. evolved into mainstream practice with a number of DISCUSSION centres in the USA and elsewhere performing advanced laparoscopic procedures such as the Whipple operation, There has been a paradigm shift on the indications distal pancreatectomy, tumor enucleation and pancreatic for total pancreatectomy. In the late 70’s and 80’s a necrosectomy. A sheer volume of studies over the past belief in the section of the surgical community that decade have shown that left-sided pancreatectomy pancreatic cancer is multi-centric led to a brief popularity performed laparoscopically has advantages compared to of total pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. the open approach with shorter hospital stay, less pain, less The purported advantage of avoiding a pancreatic blood loss and reduced complications [14, 15]. A recent anastomosis was proposed as an added advantage for a study from 69 medical centres in Japan using a sophisticated total pancreatectomy at the time. Total pancreatectomy statistical method (Propensity Score Matching (PSM)) as the primary treatment for patients with pancreatic comparing laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy to open adenocarcinoma however rapidly fell into disrepute PSM showed that laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was the complications associated with brittle diabetes and distal pancreatectomy underscores this. Key findings after since there was no demonstrable survival benefit and to manage [2, 3, 4, 6]. At the present time, the primary aassociated higher percentage with significantly of splenic lower reservations blood loss, and fewer a shorter blood pancreatic enzyme insufficiency were extremely difficult indications for total pancreatectomy are limited to diffuse lengthtransfusions, of stay. fewer The study grade had B or power C pancreatic as there fistulae, were over and main duct IPMN, multifocal Neuroendocrine Tumours 700 patients in each arm [16]. Laparoscopic and robotic (NETs), familial pancreatic cancer and patients with chronic has also shown to be feasible pancreatitis who are candidates for a total pancreatectomy and safe in several large series of patients reported from with autologous islet cell transplantation [2, 3, 4, 6]. In around the world [9, 17, 18, 19]. On the other hand, there the past two decades surgery for main duct IPMN and are only a few anecdotal publications and two small series TP with autologous islet cell transplantation for chronic of laparoscopic TP [6, 7, 8, 9]. Zureikat et al. reported pancreatitis have emerged as the primary indications for total pancreatectomy. At present approximately 12 centres in the United States have an islet isolation laboratory and on their experience with five robotic TP [9] and the 30- a recent review reported on over 400 patients with total thereand 90-day was one mortality conversion was and 0%, the Clavien mean lengthgrade of3 orstay higher of 10 pancreatectomy and autologous islet transplantation daysmorbidity (7-18 wasd). Boggi 20%, et operating al. reported time a case-matched was 503 minutes, series [11]. Similarly, in the past two decades there has been an of 11 laparoscopic robot-assisted total pancreatectomy epidemic of IPMN cases. The incidence of carcinoma in cases with 11 open TP from Italy [6]. The overall morbidity, Clavien Grade 3 or more complications, spleen preserving procedures, number of transfused patients, ICU stay and main duct IPMNIPMN [12].has been Furthermore, reported ato recent range study from showed25% to that65% pancreaticand therefore malign surgery is recommended for all cases of the two procedures. Only the mean blood loss and mean 90-day mortality was not significantly different between JOP. Journal of the Pancreas - ancyhttp://pancreas.imedpub.com/ occurred in 36% of - patientsVol. 21 No. 3 – June 2020. [ISSN 1590-8577] 60 JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2020 June 30; 21(3): 57-62.

excellent outcomes reported in the literature of advanced length of stay was 27 days (12-88 days) for robotic cases minimally invasive pancreatic procedures particularly andoperative 17 days time (12-34 was significantlydays) for open lower TP for (differences open TP. Thenot Whipple operation and total pancreatectomy have come from centres with extensive expertise in minimally length of stay reported for open TP in the United States. The invasive pancreatic surgery. Translation of these results to lengthsignificant), of stay both data, these from valuesthe studies are muchfrom Europe higher and than Asia, the a wider community of surgeons is not clear. are not comparable to the USA due to cultural and medical CONCLUSION practice differences. This small study showed that outcome of robotic TP appeared to be similar to open TP. Similarly Laparoscopic hand-assisted TP appears to be a safe and our results in a small cohort of seven patients demonstrate feasible procedure that can be performed with morbidity that laparoscopic-assisted total pancreatectomy is a safe and mortality rates that are similar to that reported for procedure and our results are comparable to outcomes open TP. Laparoscopic hand assisted TP is a technically published in the literature of patients who underwent demanding procedure and expertise in both open and open total pancreatectomy with respect to the blood loss, advance laparoscopic pancreatic procedures is necessary. OR time, blood transfusion requirements, postoperative Additional multi-institutional studies are necessary with 30 and 90 day morbidity and mortality and length of larger numbers and long-term follow-up to further evaluate stay (Table 3). Of two patients who were candidates its role as an alternative to open total pancreatectomy. for a spleen preserving total pancreatectomy in this study, it was preserved in one patient with a mucinous of the pancreas. In the second patient with Conflicts of Interest diffuse neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas attempted All named authors hereby declare that they have no splenic preservation failed due to bleeding from splenic present series) of occult malignancy in patients with main conflicts of interest to disclose. ductvein. IPMN, Since therewe do is not a high attempt incidence splenic (this preservation is 75% in thein REFERENCES this group of patients. Splenic preservation is important 1. Rockey EW. Total pancreatectomy for carcinoma: case report. Ann in the young patient; however, in the older patient the Surg 1943; 118: 603-611. [PMID: 17858293] advantage of splenic preservation has to be weighed 2. Müller MW, Friess H, Kleeff J, Dahmen R, Wagner M, Hinz U, et al. Is there still a role for total pancreatectomy? Ann Surg 2007; 246:966-974. the laparoscopic surgical procedure. It is unclear whether [PMID: 18043098] against the additional difficulty of the dissection added to 3. Crippa S, Tamburrino D, Partelli S, Salvia R, Germenia S, Bassi C, et risk in this situation. al. Total pancreatectomy: Indications, different timing, and perioperative the small benefit of splenic preservation outweighs the and long-term outcomes. Surgery 2011; 149:79-86. [PMID: 20494386] The laparoscopic hand-assisted technique has some 4. Janot MS, Belyaev O, Kersting S, Chromik AM, Seelig MH, Sülberg D, et al. advantages over a totally laparoscopic or robotic approach. Indications and early outcomes for total pancreatectomy at a high-volume The incision for the hand port is fairly small (6-7cm) pancreas center. HPB Surg 2010; 2010:686702. [PMID: 20689708] and can be used for the specimen retrieval. A thorough 5. Briggs CD, Mann CD, Irving GRB, Neal CP, Peterson M, Cameron IC, exploration of abdominal cavity can be performed with the et al. Systematic review of minimally invasive pancreatic resection. J combination of palpation and laparoscopy [8]. If there is Gastrointest Surg 2009; 1311:1129-37. [PMID: 19130151] an injury to the portal vein or SMV during dissection, then 6. Boggi U, Palladino S, Massimetti G, Vistoli F, Caniglia F, Lio ND, et al. bleeding can be quickly controlled and the vessel can be Laparoscopic robot-assisted versus open total pancreatectomy: a case repaired. The hepaticojejunostomy is also easily performed matched study. Surg Endosc 2015; 29:1425-1432. [PMID: 25159652] through the hand port incision. There are no comparative 7. Choi SH, Hwang HK, Kang CM, Yoon CI, Lee WJ. Pylorus- and spleen- studies of complex pancreatic surgery performed totally preserving total pancreatoduodenectomy with resection of both whole splenic vessels: feasibility and laparoscopic application to intraductal laparoscopically, with the hand-assisted laparoscopic papillary mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas. Surg Endosc 2012; approach or robotically. 26:2072-2077. [PMID: 22237756] The small sample size and length of follow up in this 8. Dokmak S, Aussilhou B, Sauvanet A, Ruszniewski P, Levy P, Belghiti J. Hand-assisted laparoscopic total pancreatectomy: A report of two cases. J series are not adequate to assess the oncologic outcomes. Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2013; 23:539-544. Quality indicators of adequate oncologic resection include 9. Zureikat AH, Moser AJ, Boone BA, Bartlett DL, Zenati M, Zeh HJ. 250 status of radial and resection margins and total lymph Robotic pancreatic resections: Safety and Feasibility. Ann Surg. 2013; node yield. Our study suggest that complete oncologic 258:554-562. [PMID: 24002300] resection is possible laparoscopically since the radial 10. Tran KTC, Smeeng HG, Van Eijck CHJ, Kazemier G, Hop WC, Greve JWG, and transected margins were negative, furthermore the et al. Pylorus Preserving Pancreaticoduodenectomy Versus Standard lymph node yield in this study is similar to that reported in Whipple Procedure: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Analysis of previous open studies of total pancreatectomy . 170 Patients With Pancreatic and Periampullary Tumors. Ann Surg 2004; (Table 1) 240:738-745. [PMID: 15492552] Laparoscopic total pancreatectomy is a complex procedure and was performed on the patients in this study after an 11. Sutherland DE, Radosevich DM, Bellin MD, Hering BJ, Beilman GJ, Dunn TB, et al. Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation extensive experience with open and laparoscopic distal for chronic pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 214: 409-424. [PMID: pancreatectomies and Whipple operations. Similarly, the 22397977]

JOP. Journal of the Pancreas - http://pancreas.imedpub.com/ - Vol. 21 No. 3 – June 2020. [ISSN 1590-8577] 61 JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2020 June 30; 21(3): 57-62.

12. Augustin T, Vandermeer TJ. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: 16. Nakamura M, Wakabayashi G, Miyasaka, Tanaka M, Morikawa T, a clinicopathologic review. Surg Clin North Am 2010; 90: 377-398. [PMID: Unno M, et al. Multicenter comparative study of laparoscopic and open 20362793] distal pancreatectomy using propensity score matching. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2015; 22:731-736. [PMID: 26087943] 13. Daudé M, Muscari F, Buscail C, Carrère N, Otal P, Selves J, et al. Outcomes of nonresected main-duct intraductal papillary mucinous 17. Palanivelu C, Jani K, Senthilnathan P, Parthasarathi R, Rajapandian S, neoplasms of the pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2658-2667. Madhankumar MV. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: technique [PMID: 25759534] and outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 2007; 205:222-230. [PMID: 17660068] 14. Mehta SS, Doumane G, Mura T, Nocca D, Fabre JM. Laparoscopic 18. Kendrick ML, Cusati D. Total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: versus open distal pancreatectomy: a single-institution case-control feasibility and outcome in an early experience. Arch Surg. 2010; 145:19- study. Surg Endosc 2012; 26:402-427. [PMID: 21909859] 23. [PMID: 20083750] 15. 19. Billings BJ, Christein JD, Harmsen WS, Harrington JR, Chari ST, Que al. Laparoscopic and open surgical treatment of left-sided pancreatic FG, et al. Quality of life after total pancreatectomy: is it really that bad on lesions:Limongelli clinical P,outcomes Belli A, Russoand cost-effectiveness G, Cioffi L, D'Agostino analysis. A, Surg Fantini Endosc C, et long-term follow-up. J Gastrointestinal Surg 2005; 9:1059-1067. [PMID: 2012; 26:1830-1836. [PMID: 22258300] 16269376]

JOP. Journal of the Pancreas - http://pancreas.imedpub.com/ - Vol. 21 No. 3 – June 2020. [ISSN 1590-8577] 62