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(Polypodiaceae J. Presl) Ocorrentes No Brasil Fotos capa Vista abaxial da folha fértil de Serpocaulon catharinae (Langsd. & Fiscisch.) A.R. Sm. (V.A.O. Dittrich 2007). Detalhe dos soros de Serpocaulon catharinae (Langsd. & Fiscisch.) A.R. Sm. (foto modificada de V.A.O. Dittrich 2007). Eletromicrografia do esporângio e esporos de Serpocaulon glandulosissimum (Brade) Labiak & J. Prado (C.B. Coelho & L.M. Esteves 2009). Arte gráfica final: Thaddeus Odorize Sampaio CAROLINA BRANDÃO COELHO Análise palinológica dos esporos de Serpocaulon A.R. Sm. (Polypodiaceae J. Presl) ocorrentes no Brasil. Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de MESTRE em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares em Análises Ambientais. SÃO PAULO 2011 CAROLINA BRANDÃO COELHO Análise palinológica dos esporos de Serpocaulon A.R. Sm. (Polypodiaceae J. Presl) ocorrentes no Brasil. Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de MESTRE em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares em Análises Ambientais. ORIENTADOR: DR. LUCIANO MAURICIO ESTEVES Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pelo NÚCLEO DE BIBLIOTECA E MEMÓRIA Coelho, Carolina Brandão C672a Análise palinológica dos esporos de Serpocaulon A. R. Sm. (Polypodiaceae J. Presl) ocorrentes no Brasil / Carolina Brandão Coelho -- São Paulo, 2011. 351 p. il. Dissertação (Mestrado) -- Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2011 Bibliografia. 1. Palinologia. 2. Samambaias. 3. Morfologia. I. Título CDU: 581.33 “Não são apenas madeira e lenha as riquezas dignas de atenção das nossas matas. Dos campos não merecem atenção apenas as forragens e plantas medicinais. Milhares de plantas úteis de outro modo vegetam nas selvas e centenares de ervas e arbustos preciosos crescem nos últimos. Da nossa flora indígena poderíamos escrever muitos livros. Ela é riquíssima de espécies e formas, farta de coisas interessantes e bonitas. As madeiras, as plantas oficinais, corantes, gomíferas, resinosas, oleíferas, forrageiras, têxteis, taníferas, frutíferas e outras, poderíamos estudá-las separadamente porque nos dariam assuntos para belas monografias. De todas elas temos dito alguma coisa, sem jamais esgotar tudo o que se conhece a seu respeito” (HOEHNE, 1930). A minha mãe, luz da minha vida, Dedico. Ao meu orientador, grande amigo e mestre da minha vida, Dedico. Agradecimentos especiais Ao meu orientador Dr. Luciano Mauricio Esteves pela valiosa e dedicada orientação, pela paciência e simplicidade durante os sete anos de convivência; por acreditar no meu potencial e sempre me incentivar, mostrando que tenho capacidade e posso ser muito mais. A Dra Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz pelas grandes contribuições durante a elaboração da dissertação, pelos conhecimentos transmitidos e principalmente pela valiosa amizade, que ultrapassam os limites profissionais. A Dra Maria Amélia Vitorino Cruz-Barros e Msc Angela Maria da Silva Pando Correa pelos ensinamentos e contribuições com suas experiências sobre palinologia, por todo carinho e amizade. Ao Dr. Jefferson Prado pela preciosa orientação no inicio e durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho, pela identificação dos materiais, pelos valiosos ensinamentos sobre as samambaias, pela paciência e atenção, dedicação e amizade. À Erica Maki e Priscila Rodrigues, estagiárias e amigas, que foram essenciais para a elaboração desta dissertação, auxiliando no laboratório, na confecção de lâminas, demonstrando extrema dedicação e vontade. À Jovelina Maria de Vasconcellos pela amizade, paciência, carinho durante todos estes anos de trabalho. À Miriam Ingrid Klahold Bíscaro, apoio técnico do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Palinologia, pelo auxilio no laboratório, pelas boas conversas, pela dedicação e por toda amizade construída. À Luciana Benatti e Dra. Mária Amélia V. Cruz-Barros, pelas belíssimas eletromicrografias, inovando o pressente estudo palinológico; pela amizade, pelas boas conversas, convivência e dedicação. Ao pesquisador Dr José Ivanildo de Souza por disponibilizar o fotomicroscopio, pelo apoio e auxilio, e pela amizade estabelecida. À minha mãe, Cláudia Batista Pereira, pelo exemplo como mãe, amiga e mulher; por todo amor, dedicação, paciência e auxilio; pelos esforços na minha criação e educação, que ultrapassaram todos os limites inimagináveis da vida. À minha avó, Shirley Batista Pereira que pelo imensurável amor pode proporcionar os dias mais belos da minha vida, trazendo a alegria e razão de viver. Aos meus tios, Luciana Batista Pereira e Márcio Santos, por todo amor transmitido, pelo exemplo de companheirismo, dedicação e fé; pela relação fraternal que nos une além deste plano; pelo carinho e paciência durante esta fase, que proporcionou o equilibro deste trabalho. À meu noivo Thaddeus Odorize Sampaio, pelas grandiosas e valiosas contribuições no trabalho, que enriqueceram e abrilhantaram-no ainda mais; pela dedicação e apoio durante esta fase e por toda nossa convivência, pela paciência, tolerância, e principalmente pelo seu imensurável amor e companheirismo que nos une como eternos amantes da vida. À minha tia, Karina Batista Pereira, pelo carinho e amor, que em algumas vezes parecem enrustidos, estão presentes nos momentos mais difíceis. Aos meus familiares, tios e tias avós, primos e primas, sempre preocupados e dispostos a fazer o impossível para que tudo permanecesse na mais perfeita ordem e harmonia. Ao meu pai, Augusto César Brandão Coelho, que mesmo estando ausente e tendo seus compromissos, com certeza sempre está pensando e torcendo por mim. Ao funcionário e amigo, Kauê Fonseca, pela ajuda com os livros e artigos, pela disposição em auxiliar, pela amizade construída. Ao amigo, Túlio Luiz Laitano Penha, pela colaboração no trabalho, pelas análises de PCA tão trabalhosas, e por toda amizade. A amiga, Melanie Maia Diniz-Vieria pela amizade, paciência, pelas boas conversas, pelo carinho. Ao amigo de coração, André Luiz Gagliotti pela amizade, carinho, pelas boas conversas, risadas e caronas. Ao amigo Rafael Almeida pelas contribuições na confecção dos mapas, e pela amizade que tende a ser duradoura. Agradecimentos Ao Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente por possibilitar, permitir e contribuir na elaboração deste estudo. À Capes por ter concedido o apoio financeiro. Ao Núcleo de Pesquisa em Palinologia do Instituto de Botânica pela possibilidade e desenvolvimento de toda dissertação, disponibilizando laboratórios, equipamentos, funcionários e estagiários. Aos funcionários do Núcleo de Biblioteca do Instituto de Botânica, sempre dispostos e gentis. Aos funcionários da Pós-Graduação, especialmente a Márcia Regina Angelo pela dedicação, atenção em todos os momentos. Aos curadores dos herbários visitados, pela atenção e auxilio, contribuindo na separação e disponibilização dos materiais. Aos pesquisadores Dra Rita de Cássia L. Figueiredo Ribeiro, Dra Andrea Tucci, Dra Carmen L.A. Pires-Zotarelli, Dr Eduardo Gomes Pereira Cabral, Dra Adriana Gugliotta e Dra Carla Ferraguti pela disposição em ajudar e por toda hospitalidade. Ao Dr. Gil Martins Felippe pela revisão do abstract, pelo apoio e amizade. Ao prof Dr Décio Semensatto pelas contribuições matemáticas. Ao Dr. Eduardo Custódio Gasparino pelas contribuições nas análises, pela amizade. Ao Alan Borges de Souza pela ajuda na formatação das tabelas. Aos amigos, Admilson Clayton Barbosa, Allan Pscheidt, Alessandra Santos, Alexandre Indriunas, Berta Lúcia, Cátia Takeuchi, Fatima O. de Souza Burturi, Cintia Silva, Luciana Fiorato pela amizade, carinho, pelas preciosas conversas. Aos colegas de áreas, Regina Hirai e Pedro Bond Schwartsburd pelas contribuições nos estudos taxonômicos. Aos amigos e irmãos da Yoheshua Ben Pandira n°11, pelo grande laço de fraternidade que nos une como verdadeiros irmãos; pela valiosa família que me proporcionou o equilíbrio emocional e racional para o andamento deste trabalho. Aos colegas da VPC Brasil, especialmente ao Ricardo Augusto Vale Pinto Coelho, Jucimar Aparecida Guedes e Telma Gwilhermina, pela oportunidade de aprendizado que possibilitou vincular a ciência ao dia-a-dia. Ao colega Fábio Guilherme da Silva Moreira, pela confecção dos mapas. Ao meu tio Márcio Batista Pereira (in memorian) e avô Ayrton Batista Pereira (in memorian), verdadeiros pais e gloriosos mestres, que mesmo estando em outra dimensão, sei que, estarão zelando por mim e me guiando eternamente. Enfim, a todos que direta e indiretamente contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. INDÍCE Resumo ................................................................................................................................... i Abstract ................................................................................................................................... ii 1. Introdução ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Caracterização Taxonômica e Filogenética da Família Polypodiaceae ................. 1 1.2. Breve histórico taxonômico dos gêneros Polypodium L. e Serpocaulon A.R. Sm. ................................................................................................................... 11 1.3. Principais estudos sobre a morfologia dos esporos em Polypodiaceae com ênfase nos gêneros Polypodium L. e Serpocaulon A.R. Sm.
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