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Home , Asplenium nidus, Asplenium serratum, Diaspididae, Niphidium, Niphidium crassifolium, Pinnaspis strachani

doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i3.492 e-ISSN 1983-0572 Publicação do Projeto Entomologistas do Brasil www.ebras.bio.br Distribuído através da Creative Commons Licence v4.0 (BY-NC-ND) Copyright © EntomoBrasilis Copyright © do(s) Autor(es)

Two of Armored Scale (: ) Associated with Sori of Marcelo Guerra Santos¹ & Vera Regina dos Santos Wolff²

1. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, e-mail: [email protected] (Autor para correspondência). 2. Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária – FEPAGRO, Rio Grande do Sul, e-mail: [email protected]. ______

EntomoBrasilis 8 (3): 232-234 (2015)

Abstract. This note reports the presence of two scale insects species palmae (Cockerell) and strachani (Cooley) (Coccoidea, Diaspididae), associated respectively with serratum L. () and crassifolium (L.) Lellinger (). It is the first record of a species as host of H. palmae. In both fern species, the diaspidids were found nearby the sori.

Keywords: Aspleniaceae; Fern- interactions; Polypodiaceae; Pteridophytes; .

Duas Espécies de Cochonilhas (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Associadas com Soros de Samambaias

Resumo. A presente comunicação relata a presença de duas espécies de cochonilhas Hemiberlesia palmae (Cockerell) e (Cooley) (Coccoidea, Diaspididae), associadas respectivamente com Asplenium serratum L. (Aspleniaceae) e (L.) Lellinger (Polypodiaceae). É o primeiro registro de uma samambaia como planta hospedeira de H. palmae. Nas duas espécies de samambaias, os diaspidídeos encontravam-se concentrados principalmente ao redor dos soros.

Palavras-chave: Aspleniaceae; Cochonilhas; Interações samambaia-inseto; Polypodiaceae; Pteridófitas.

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nteractions between ferns and insects are more poorly (2003). The collected fern species have been herborized following studied than those between insects and angiosperms conventional techniques (Sy l v e s t r e & Ro s a 2002) and identified (Me h l t r e t e r 2010). Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), using specific bibliography (Mo r a n & Ri b a 1995). Voucher popularly known as armored scale insects, are parasites of specimens were deposited at the herbarium of the Faculdade de , feeding mainly on plant cell contents (Ve i l l e u x et al. Formação de Professores (RFFP) of the Universidade do Estado 2014). In a bibliographic survey of scale insect in ferns, He n d r i x do Rio de Janeiro. (1980) reported 42 species of the families Coccidae (24 spp.), Diaspididae (11 spp.), Margarodidae (1 spp.) and Pseudococcidae The scale insect observed on A. serratum was identified as (6 spp.). Most of recorded species is polyphagous (86.4% Hemiberlesia palmae (Cockerell) (Figure 1). This diaspidid in Coccidae and 100% in Diaspididae), but only 9.1% of the is a polyphagous species that has been reported on 119 hosts Coccidae species are monophagous and none in Diaspididae worldwide. However, hitherto, no species of fern has previously (He n d r i x 1980). The ScaleNet reports 72 scale insect species been reported as its host (Ve i l l e u x et al. 2014). In Brazil, H. registered for ferns: Coccidae (32 spp.), Pseudococcidae (17 spp.), palmae is documented on Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae), Diaspididae (14 spp.), Eriococcidae (2 spp.), Monophlebidae (2 Cycas revoluta Thunb. (Cycadaceae), Eucalyptus tereticornis spp.), Ortheziidae (2 spp.), Rhizoecidae (2 spp.) and Putoidae (1 Sm. (Myrtaceae), Musa sp. (Musaceae) and Cocos nucifera L. spp.). It also mentions 7 species for lycophytes: Pseudococcidae () with geographic distribution in the states of Bahia, Comunicação Científica (3 spp.), Ortheziidae (2 spp.), Coccidae (1 spp.) and Diaspididae Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande (1 spp.) (Ve i l l e u x et al. 2014). do Sul (Cl a p s et al. 2001; Cu l i k et al. 2008, 2011).

Armored scale insects (Coccoidea, Diaspididae) were observed The scale insect observed on N. crassifolium was identified as on two fern species, Asplenium serratum L. (Aspleniaceae) and Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley) (Figure 2). According to Ba l i c k Niphidium crassifolium (L.) Lellinger (Polypodiaceae). Leaves (1978) and Ve i l l e u x et al. (2014), this diaspidid is cosmopolitan of seven specimens of Asplenium serratum were collected and polyphagous occurring on 381 plant hosts worldwide, in June 2013 and February 2014, in Serra da Tiririca State including five species of ferns:Asplenium nidus L. (Aspleniaceae), Park (22º057’55.6”S 43º001’18.2”W), while the leaves of five Neottopteris rigida Fée (=Asplenium nidus L.), Nephrolepis specimens of N. crassifolium were harvested in February 2012 davallioides Kunze (Lomariopsidaceae), grande from Itatiaia National Park (22°26’57.5”S 44°36’38.6”W), Rio de J. Sm. (Polypodiaceae), Niphobolus fissus Blume [=Pyrrosia Janeiro State, Brazil. The scale insects attached to the fern leaves longifolia (Burm. f.) C.V. Morton] (Polypodiaceae) and Adiantum were fixed and preserved in alcohol 70%. Permanent slides of the sp. (Pteridaceae). In Brazil, P. strachani has been reported on two adult female specimens were prepared for Coccoidea following fern species - Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl and Nephrolepis the method adapted by Cl a p s & Ha r o (1995), using KOH solution exaltata (L.) Schott (Lomariopsidaceae); it has a wide geographic (10%) for clarification, alcoholic series for dehydration, mounting distribution, from the Amazonas state (North Region) until Rio in Canada balsam and deposited at the Entomology Collection of Grande do Sul state (South Region) (Cl a p s et al. 2001; Pe r o n t i et the Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO, al. 2001; Cl a p s & Wo l f f 2003). Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). The scale insect species were identified Funding Agencies: FAPERJ, CNPq and PROCIENCIA-UERJ. under an optical microscope, using the keys by Cl a p s & Wo l f f www.periodico.ebras.bio.br 233 insects are phytophagous, feeding by sucking plant juices through the sori on fertile leaves (Figures 1 and 2). and 1 (Figures leaves fertile on sori the near observed were diaspidid females adult the of most species, fern both In insects. scale armored for plants host as time first lp, .. VRS Wlf 20. ohnla Diaspididae Cochinillas 2003. Wolff, V.R.S. & L.E. Claps, in the sori of the fern the of sori the in coccid the of crypsis soral a suggest lp, .. VRS Wlf R Gnae, 01 Ctlg d las de Catálogo 2001. Gonzalez, R. & Wolff V.R.S. L.E., Claps, fauna nuestra Conociendo 1995. Haro, de M.E. & L.E. Claps, Biochemical 1978. Cooper-Driver, G. & Furth D.G. M.J., Balick, CNPq and PROCIENCIA-UERJforfinancialsupport. Janeiro), de Rio do Estado (Conselho Nacional do de Desenvolvimento Científico Pesquisa e Tecnológico) à Amparo de Filho Chagas Carlos (Fundação FAPERJ thanks author first The Santos) on insect Scale 1. Figure The species A Two SpeciesofArmoredScaleInsects(Hemiptera:… 60: 9-34. Brasil y Chile. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, de exóticas Coccoidea) (Hemiptera, Diaspididae Naturales eInstitutoMiguelLillo UNT,20:1-21. Ciencias de Facultad Didáctica y Monográfica Serie biología. y Morfología Homoptera). (Insecta: Diaspididae Familia IV. Oecologia, 35:55-89. Ferns. on Predation of Aspects Evolutionary and A A. serratum ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Asplenium nidus Asplenium Asplenium serratum Asplenium REFERENCES and N. crassifolium Sassetia filicum Sassetia L. (Aspleniaceae). Scale (Aspleniaceae). L. . A) Scale insect females on fern sori. B) Detail of the of Detail B) sori. fern on females insect Scale A) . are recorded for the P a r t a

et al. et (Boisduval) Argentina (2008) , Patra, B., S. Bera & R.J. Hickey, 2008. Soral crypsis: protective crypsis: Soral 2008. Hickey, R.J. & Bera S. B., Patra, p. Salviniaceae, a Psilotaceae 1995. Riba, R. & R.C. Moran, Mehltreter, K., 2010. Interactions of ferns with fungi and , perspective ecological and evolutionary An 1980. S.D. Hendrix, J.A. & Ben-Dov Y. Peronti, A.L.B.G. Wolff, V.R.S. M.P., Culik, 2008. Wolff, V.R.S. & Ventura J.A. Martins, D.S. M.P., Culik, fern sori. in insects scales the of adaptation cryptic the of hypothesis the conditions. Additional studies may provide further data to assess camouflage and food find can insects scale the sori, to close way, sink great a are region of These nutrients that probably attracts the veins. scale insects. In this on born are species sori of fern The two the stylets. called mouthparts modified highly of set a males (White).(Photos:M.G.Santos) the of Detail B) sori. fern on insect Scale 2. Figure B eomrcn. idd e éio Uiesdd Nacional Autónoma deMéxico, 470p. Universidad México, de Ciudad Mesoamericana. 1-470. (Eds.). FernEcology.Cambridge, UniversityPress,444p. 220-254. p. 196. of the insect fauna of ferns. The American Naturalist, 115: 171- Pernambuco, Brazil.CheckList,7:567-570. and Ceará, Santo, Espírito of states the for records new and Ventura, 2011. Hemiptera, Coccoidea: Distribution extension Journal ofInsectScience,8:1-6. Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Sociedad Entomológica la de Revista Brasil. y Argentina la de económica (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) frecuentes en plantas de importancia B ais, . M Sua S Kap es) Flora (eds.). Knapp S. & Sousa M. G., Davidse, In: In: Argentina elrtr K, .. akr JM Sharpe J.M. & Walker L.R. K., Mehltreter, Hemiberlesia palmae Hemiberlesia ihdu crassifolium Niphidium eae (rw) and (Brown) females strachani Pinnaspis , 3:1-59. e-ISSN 1983-0572 females. (Photos: M.G. (Photos: females. A Sae net on insect Scale A) . Santos &Wolff Setembro - Dezembro 2015 - www.periodico.ebras.bio.br EntomoBrasilis 8 (3)

mimicry of a coccid on an indian fern. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50: 653-658. Peronti, A.L.B.G., D.R. Miller & C. R. Sousa-Silva 2001. Scale Received in: 11/22/2014 Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of ornamental plants from Accepted in: 07/25/2015 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. Insecta Mundi, 15: 247-255. ********** Sylvestre, L.S. & M.M.T. da Rosa, 2002. Manual metodológico para estudos botânicos da Mata Atlântica. Seropédica, EDUR. 121 p. Veilleux, K., D.R. Miller & Y. Ben-Dov, 2014. ScaleNet (Scales on a Host, Natural Enemies and Associates of a Scale Query). Available in: . [Accessed: 07 November 2015].

Suggestion citation:

Santos, M.G. & V.R.S. Wolff, 2015. Two Species of Armored Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Associated with Sori of Ferns. EntomoBrasilis, 8 (3): 232-234. Available in: doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i3.492 234

e-ISSN 1983-0572