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Polypodiaceae (PDF) This PDF version does not have an ISBN or ISSN and is not therefore effectively published (Melbourne Code, Art. 29.1). The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 June 2013. Zhang, X. C., S. G. Lu, Y. X. Lin, X. P. Qi, S. Moore, F. W. Xing, F. G. Wang, P. H. Hovenkamp, M. G. Gilbert, H. P. Nooteboom, B. S. Parris, C. Haufler, M. Kato & A. R. Smith. 2013. Polypodiaceae. Pp. 758–850 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2–3 (Pteridophytes). Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. POLYPODIACEAE 水龙骨科 shui long gu ke Zhang Xianchun (张宪春)1, Lu Shugang (陆树刚)2, Lin Youxing (林尤兴)3, Qi Xinping (齐新萍)4, Shannjye Moore (牟善杰)5, Xing Fuwu (邢福武)6, Wang Faguo (王发国)6; Peter H. Hovenkamp7, Michael G. Gilbert8, Hans P. Nooteboom7, Barbara S. Parris9, Christopher Haufler10, Masahiro Kato11, Alan R. Smith12 Plants mostly epiphytic and epilithic, a few terrestrial. Rhizomes shortly to long creeping, dictyostelic, bearing scales. Fronds monomorphic or dimorphic, mostly simple to pinnatifid or 1-pinnate (uncommonly more divided); stipes cleanly abscising near their bases or not (most grammitids), leaving short phyllopodia; veins often anastomosing or reticulate, sometimes with included veinlets, or veins free (most grammitids); indument various, of scales, hairs, or glands. Sori abaxial (rarely marginal), orbicular to oblong or elliptic, occasionally elongate, or sporangia acrostichoid, sometimes deeply embedded, sori exindusiate, sometimes covered by cadu- cous scales (soral paraphyses) when young; sporangia with 1–3-rowed, usually long stalks, frequently with paraphyses on sporangia or on receptacle; spores hyaline to yellowish, reniform, and monolete (non-grammitids), or greenish and globose-tetrahedral, trilete (most grammitids); perine various, usually thin, not strongly winged or cristate. Mostly x = 35, 36, 37. More than 50 genera and ca. 1,200 species: pantropical, a few temperate; 39 genera and 267 species (82 endemic) in China. The Polypodiaceae s.s., as often recognized is paraphyletic, because it excludes the grammitids. Generic boundaries need clarification. Poly- podiaceae contains large wholly neotropical and wholly paleotropical clades. Molecular data show that several families recognized in FRPS, i.e., Drynariaceae, Grammitidaceae, Gymnogrammitidaceae, Loxogrammaceae, Platyceriaceae, and Pleurosoriopsidaceae, all nest within the Polypodiaceae. Five lineages are defined that can be treated as subfamilies (see Christen- husz et al., Phytotaxa 19: 18–19. 2011) as follows: Loxogrammoideae (Loxogrammaceae): genus no. 1; Drynarioideae (Crypsinoideae, Drynariaceae, Gymnogrammitidaceae): genera nos. 2–8; Platycerioideae (Platyceriaceae, Pyrrosioideae): genera nos. 9–10; Microsoroideae (incl. Crypsinoideae, Lepisorioideae): genera nos. 11–25; Polypodioideae (incl. Grammitidaceae, Pleurosoriopsidaceae): genera nos. 26–39. The status of several genera in the Microsoroideae is controversial (Kreier et al., Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 48: 1155–1167. 2008). Microsorum is still polyphyletic, and some new genera are to be established. Ching Ren-chang, Fu Shu-hsia, Wang Chu-hao & Shing Gung-hsia. 1959. Gymnogrammitis. In: Ching Ren-chang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2: 284–285; Wu Shiew-hung. 1999. Pleurosoriopsidaceae. In: Wu Shiew-hung, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(2): 154–156; Lin Youxing, Lu Shugang & Shi Lei. 2000. Polypodiaceae. In: Lin Youxing, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 6(2): 7–266, 346–349; Zhang Xianchun. 2000. Drynari- acae, Platyceriaceae, Grammitidaceae, and Loxogrammaceae. In: Lin Youxing, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 6(2): 267–335. 1a. Fronds with stellate hairs, often stellate-tomentose at least when young. 2a. Fronds monomorphic or weakly dimorphic, fronds not with base adpressed to substrate, fertile fronds similar in form to sterile fronds differing only in relative width, usually simple, rarely hastate or pedately divided .............. 9. Pyrrosia 2b. Fronds strongly dimorphic, basal fronds with basal part tightly adpressed to substrate, foliage/fertile fronds dichotomously lobed .................................................................................................................................... 10. Platycerium 1b. Fronds with scales, unbranched hairs, glandular hairs, and/or forked hairs, or glabrous. 3a. Specialized humus-collecting fronds or widened frond bases present. 4a. Fronds usually strongly dimorphic with specialized short brown sessile humus-collecting fronds and longer pinnatisect fertile fronds ............................................................................................................................................. 4. Drynaria 4b. Fronds monomorphic, fronds with broad humus-collecting base and distal deeply pinnatisect fertile portion ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2. Aglaomorpha 3b. Specialized humus-collecting fronds or lamina bases absent. 5a. Nectaries present along costa. 6a. Fronds pinnatisect, stipe winged to base; segments uniformly 10–15(–20) mm wide; sporangia in discrete, orbicular sori (Drynaria parishii) ........................................................................................................................... 4. Drynaria 1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China. 2 Herbarium, College of Life Science, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People’s Republic of China. 3 Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China. 4 Chenshan Botanical Garden, 3888 Chenhua Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201602, People’s Republic of China. 5 Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chow Road, Sec. 4, Taibei 116. (Shannjye Moore died on 24 November 2010.) 6 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, People’s Republic of China. 7 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Section NHN, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. 8 Missouri Botanical Garden, c/o Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom. 9 Fern Research Foundation, 21 James Kemp Place, Kerikeri 0230, Bay of Islands, New Zealand. 10 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, U.S.A. 11 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan. 12 University Herbarium, University of California, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, Berkeley, California 94720-2465, U.S.A. 758 POLYPODIACEAE 759 6b. Fronds pinnate, stipe and rachis terete; segments dimorphic, sterile segments 3.5–10 cm wide, fertile segments distal, 0.4–0.7 cm wide; sporangia acrostichoid, covering most of pinnule surface ....................... 3. Photinopteris 5b. Nectaries absent. 7a. Fronds 2-pinnatifid to 4-pinnate. 8a. Fronds finely 3- or 4-pinnate, sparsely scaly .......................................................................................... 8. Gymnogrammitis 8b. Fronds 2-pinnatifid, hairy. 9a. Lamina 1.5–8 × 0.5–1.5 cm; sori linear-oblong, along veins .............................................................. 27. Pleurosoriopsis 9b. Lamina 5–25 × 2–4 cm; sori orbicular, 1 at base of pinnule (Themelium tenuisectum) ............................ 37. Themelium 7b. Fronds entire, pinnately divided, or 1-pinnate, rarely palmately to pedately divided. 10a. Sporangia acrostichoid, covering most of lamina surface. 11a. Sporangia restricted to a distinctly narrowed apical extension of lamina (Belvisia) ................................. 19. Lepisorus 11b. Sporangia covering whole of fertile lamina. 12a. Lamina deeply 3-lobed or pinnatilobate ............................................................................................... 6. Christopteris 12b. Lamina entire ........................................................................................................................................ 25. Leptochilus 10b. Sporangia in discrete sori or coenosori, not covering lamina surface. 13a. Lamina hastate or palmately to pedately lobed. 14a. Scales opaque; paraphyses absent .............................................................................................................. 7. Selliguea 14b. Scales entirely or partly clathrate; paraphyses present. 15a. Lamina palmately 3–10-lobed, 12–30 cm; sori elongated ........................................................ 16. Neocheiropteris 15b. Lamina hastate to pedately 3–5-lobed, 4–7 cm; sori suborbicular (Lepisorus waltonii) .................... 19. Lepisorus 13b. Lamina entire, pinnately lobed, or pinnate. 16a. Stipe and/or lamina margins stiffly hirsute, lamina surface often with forked or glandular hairs; spores green. 17a. Lamina simple. 18a. Sori linear, sunken in 2 grooves, parallel to midrib ................................................................... 28. Scleroglossum 18b. Sori orbicular to narrowly oblong, oblique to midrib, usually superficial or slightly sunken in lamina, rarely deeply sunken. 19a. Rhizomes dorsiventral ..........................................................................................................
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