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Before the World Was Quiet: Ronald Reagan, Cold War Foreign Policy, and the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Summer Games

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Before the World Was Quiet: Ronald Reagan, Cold War Foreign Policy, and the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Summer Games Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository July 2014 Before The orW ld Was Quiet: Ronald Reagan, Cold War Foreign Policy, And The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Summer Games Brad Congelio The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Robert K. Barney The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Kinesiology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Brad Congelio 2014 Follow this and additional works at: http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Congelio, Brad, "Before The orldW Was Quiet: Ronald Reagan, Cold War Foreign Policy, And The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Summer Games" (2014). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. Paper 2135. This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Before The World Was Quiet: Ronald Reagan, Cold War Foreign Policy, And The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Summer Games (Thesis format: Monograph) by Brad Joseph Congelio Graduate Program in Kinesiology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Brad Joseph Congelio 2014 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. III ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDS ............................................................................................................ IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ V CHAPTER 1 – PRELUDE ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ...................................................................................... 21 1.5 METHOD AND METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 23 1.6 LIMITATIONS .................................................................................................................................................... 24 1.7 DELIMITATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 27 1.8 OUTLINE OF CHAPTERS .................................................................................................................................. 28 CHAPTER 2 – THE CITY OF ANGELS ............................................................................................... 31 2.1 THE BATTLE OF LOS ANGELES ..................................................................................................................... 31 2.2 LOS ANGELES’ 1984 BID FOR AMERICA .................................................................................................... 46 2.3 THE ONLY CHOICE .......................................................................................................................................... 53 2.4 THE LAOOC AND ONWARD .......................................................................................................................... 66 CHAPTER 3 – GOING RED: RONALD REAGAN’S PRESIDENCY ................................................ 68 3.1 CARTER TO REAGAN ....................................................................................................................................... 68 3.2 THE EARLY BREZHNEV CORRESPONDENCE ............................................................................................... 73 3.3 PIPES’ REAGAN SOVIET POLICY .................................................................................................................... 84 3.4 NSDD 75 & THE REAGAN DOCTRINE ........................................................................................................ 89 3.5 MORNING IN THE SOVIET UNION ................................................................................................................ 98 3.6 REAGAN’S 16 JANUARY 1984 SPEECH ..................................................................................................... 106 CHAPTER 4 – A RED CARPET FOR THE SOVIETS ..................................................................... 112 4.1 REAGAN AND THE OLYMPICS ...................................................................................................................... 112 4.2 THE OLYMPICS AND KAL 007 ................................................................................................................... 118 4.3 THE BAN THE SOVIETS COALITION (BTSC), THE GRUZIA, AND OLYMPIC SAFETY ......................... 140 4.4 REACHING COMPROMISE AND QUIET DIPLOMACY ................................................................................. 156 CHAPTER 5 – AND THE GAMES GO ON ....................................................................................... 165 iii 5.1 AWAITING SOVIET RESPONSE .................................................................................................................... 165 5.2 ON REAGAN, FOREIGN POLICY, AND THE OLYMPICS .............................................................................. 181 CURRICULUM VITAE ......................................................................................................................... 205 TABLE OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1 JOHN ARGUE EXPLAINS TO THE MEDIA THAT THE CITY MAY WITHDRAW ITS BID FOR THE 1984 OLYMPIC GAMES. LOS ANGELES MAYOR TOM BRADLEY LOOKS ON. FROM THE CENTRE DAILY TIMES, 19 JULY 1978. ............................................................................................................................ 62 FIGURE 3.2 - REAGAN DELIVERING HIS SPEECH REGARDING KAL 007 TO THE NATION. PHOTO COURTESY OF THE RONALD REAGAN ARCHIVES. ...................................................................................................... 100 FIGURE 4.1 - TIME MAGAZINE’S DEPICTION OF THREE SOVIET FIGHTERS SHOOTING DOWN KAL 007 WAS A PRIME EXAMPLE OF “AMERICAN PROPAGANDA” THAT THE KREMLIN WAS UPSET ABOUT. THE COVER IS PART OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE’S DIGITAL COLLECTIONS. ....................................................... 131 FIGURE 4.2 – UPSET AMERICANS PROTESTED THE ARRIVAL IN LOS ANGELES HARBOR THE SOVIET FREIGHTER NOVOKUIBYSHEVSK. FROM THE LOS ANGELES TIMES, 7 SEPTEMBER 1983. ....................... 144 FIGURE 4.3 - HIGHWAYMAN WILLIE NELSON WAS BUT ONE OF HIGH-PROFILE AMERICANS WHO TOOK A STANCE AGAINST POTENTIAL SOVIET PARTICIPATION IN THE 1984 LOS ANGELES OLYMPIC GAMES. HIS SHIRT READS "LET THE RUSSIANS PLAY WITH THEMSELVES." .................................................... 151 FIGURE 4.4 - DAVID BALSIGER WAS THE FACE OF THE BAN THE SOVIETS COALITION, A COLLECTION OF PEOPLE DUBBED BY PETER UEBERROTH AS "NUTTY." FROM THE USA TODAY, 1 MAY 1984. ............. 152 FIGURE 5.1 - PRESIDENT REAGAN MEETS WITH IOC PRESIDENT SAMARANCH. PETER UEBERROTH SITS TO THE RIGHT OF SAMARANCH. DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF MICHAEL DEAVER IS TO THE LEFT OF REAGAN. FROM THE LOS ANGELES TIMES, 8 MAY 1984. ..................................................................................... 170 FIGURE 5.2 - PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN OFFICIALLY OPENING THE 1984 LOS ANGELES OLYMPIC SUMMER GAMES WITH WIFE NANCY AT HIS SIDE. FROM THE OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE XXIIITH OLYMPIAD. 179 iv Abstract and Keywords Upon becoming President of the United States in 1981, Ronald Reagan faced a rapidly deteriorating relationship with the Soviet Union in the midst of the ongoing Cold War, exacerbated by the events of the 1980s, including the 1980 Olympic boycott and President Jimmy Carter’s administration. President Reagan’s bellicose statements and staunch anti-communism stance further aggravated the situation, reasserting and deepening Cold War anxieties in the Soviet Union. Compared to his predecessors, Reagan was a war hawk determined to bring an absolute end to the Soviet Union and the socialist world. This was no more apparent than in his foreign policy towards the Soviet Union during his first four years in office when he initiated his desire for the strategic defense initiative, his massive American military buildup, and his decision to invade the Caribbean island of Grenada to stave off Soviet influence in the Third World. Each and every action taken by President Reagan was constructed in order to bring the Soviet Union to its knees via political and economic pressure. However, Reagan seemingly had a sudden change of stance when Los Angeles hosted the 1984 Olympic Summer Games. The Kremlin, in turn for Soviet
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